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The Southern Carpathians are situated in the central part of Romania, between Prahova Valley and the Danube, being the highest and most massive mountains from the Romanian Carpahtians. The relief and vegetation are similar to the Alps. These mountains conserve the most representative glaciar relief from Romania, with cuaternar glaciar tracks. Some of its peaks, namely Moldoveanu, Negoiu, Parângul Mare and Peleaga exceed 2500 m. From its total 217.889 ha occupied by forests with water protection functions, the forests located on lake slopes occupy 9.746 ha, namely 5%. The forests from this area are composed of spruce (Picea abies L.H. Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), accompanied by other species such as birch (Alnus glutinosa, L., Gaertn.) and pine (Pinus sp.). From the point of view of the field's orography, these forests are located on lands with an middle inclination on all exposition categories, but predominantly on the North-East, one at an average altitude of 1050 m. From the point of view of site conditions, the characteristic flora type is Asperula-Dentaria, while the main soils are dystric cambisol and eutric cambisol.

Silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) is one of the most valuable and productive tree species across European mountains, that accomplish multiple economic, protective and ecologic functions. Alongside spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), silver fir is a characteristic species for the Romanian Carpathians. Although silver fir tree is recommended for the diversification of forests in order to increase the resistance to climate change, it is very sensitive to climatic excesses, especially those that proceed rapidly. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate both the environmental conditions and stand characteristics of fir from five mountain ranges of the Romanian Carpathians. The study is based on data recorded over a period of 10 years (1990–2000). As such, a total of 77,251 stands that occupy 211,954 hectares have been investigated in regard to silver fir behaviour. MATLAB scripts were used for analysing consistent data volumes as well as the impact of eight factors on the silver fir productivity (altitude, field aspect, field slope, soil type, participation percentage, road distance, structure and consistency). Our analysis has revealed that higher silver fir productivity is found at altitudes of up to 1200 m, on mid and upper slopes, on NW field aspects, on eutric cambisols and dystric cambisols, with a 10–20% participation in stand composition and in relatively-even aged stands with a full consistency. This study offers valuable insights for forest managers that require comprehensive information in adopting effective strategies to enhance forest resilience under climate change.