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01 januari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext

Background: Evaluation of integrated care programmes for individuals with multi-morbidity requires a broader evaluation framework and a broader definition of added value than is common in cost-utility analysis. This is possible through the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). Methods and results: This paper presents the seven steps of an MCDA to evaluate 17 different integrated care programmes for individuals with multi-morbidity in 8 European countries participating in the 4-year, EU-funded SELFIE project. In step one, qualitative research was undertaken to better understand the decision-context of these programmes. The programmes faced decisions related to their sustainability in terms of reimbursement, continuation, extension, and/or wider implementation. In step two, a uniform set of decision criteria was defined in terms of outcomes measured across the 17 programmes: physical functioning, psychological well-being, social relationships and participation, enjoyment of life, resilience, person-centeredness, continui

The development is described of the mechanical-chemical synthesis of nanoscale metal sulphides based on solid state reactions induced during grinding using a new eccentric vibratory mill developed at Clausthal University of Technology. The examples presented are the synthesis at laboratory and industrial scale of cadmium sulphide from cadmium acetate and sodium sulphide, and of tin sulphides from tin powder and elemental sulphur. Operating conditions such as inert atmosphere, size and type of grinding balls, grinding time and specific energy input are considered, and design issues for an industrial plant for reaction grinding for metal sulphide manufacture with a capacity of 100 kg/hour are discussed., The development is described of the mechanical-chemical synthesis of nanoscale metal sulphides based on solid state reactions induced during grinding using a new eccentric vibratory mill developed at Clausthal University of Technology. The examples presented are the synthesis at laboratory and industrial scale of cadmium sulphide from cadmium acetate and sodium sulphide, and of tin sulphides from tin powder and elemental sulphur. Operating conditions such as inert atmosphere, size and type of grinding balls, grinding time and specific energy input are considered, and design issues for an industrial plant for reaction grinding for metal sulphide manufacture with a capacity of 100 kg/hour are discussed.

During the phosphating for corrosion protection of aluminium- containing car bodies, sludge is produced, classified as hazardous waste in the EU, which contains iron phosphates, phosphating chemicals (30%) containing zinc, manganese and nickel, and cryolite (65%) from the dissolved aluminium precipitated with fluoride. The rinse water also contains significant amounts of metals. Audi and Clausthal University of Technology have developed a two-stage process for waste-free treatment of the sludge and recycling of the rinse water. The sludge is leached in a phosphor-acidic environment at room temperature and iron is precipitated at 95 degrees C. The non-ferrous metals selectively dissolve and after conditioning can be recycled into the phosphating bath as a tri-cationic solution. Cryolite and iron phosphate are separated and, being of high purity, are suitable for use in the aluminium or steel industries. Phosphate sludge is separated from the rinse water by electroflotation and subjected to the sludge treatment and the water is treated by ion exchange and recycled to the rinsing bath. A plant-scale flowsheet is presented, During the phosphating for corrosion protection of aluminium- containing car bodies, sludge is produced, classified as hazardous waste in the EU, which contains iron phosphates, phosphating chemicals (30%) containing zinc, manganese and nickel, and cryolite (65%) from the dissolved aluminium precipitated with fluoride. The rinse water also contains significant amounts of metals. Audi and Clausthal University of Technology have developed a two-stage process for waste-free treatment of the sludge and recycling of the rinse water. The sludge is leached in a phosphor-acidic environment at room temperature and iron is precipitated at 95 degrees C. The non-ferrous metals selectively dissolve and after conditioning can be recycled into the phosphating bath as a tri-cationic solution. Cryolite and iron phosphate are separated and, being of high purity, are suitable for use in the aluminium or steel industries. Phosphate sludge is separated from the rinse water by electroflotation and subjected to the sludge treatment and the water is treated by ion exchange and recycled to the rinsing bath. A plant-scale flowsheet is presented

An investigation was carried out into the removal of Fe and Ti minerals from Gujarat kaolin by superconducting high-gradient magnetic separation (SC-HGMS) and ultra-flotation to improve the optical properties. Fe removal was higher using SC-HGMS but that of Ti was almost the same for both techniques. A large improvement in brightness was observed for the SC-HGMS product compared to the ultra-flotation product. A possible reason was thought to be recoating of the impurities on the clay surface, but XPS studies on the flotation product showed this not to be the case. Most of the titania was present in the form of very small anatase particles. Some of the Fe formed independent nano-size particles of goethite/haematite and the rest was found closer to anatase or kaolinite particles, either as part of the structure or as nano-sized independent particles adhering to the surface, and hence is not easily separated. The ultra-fine grains of Fe-stained anatase remaining in the kaolinite surface after flotation has a strong pigmentation effect. The unsatisfactory brightness of the flotation product is attributed to the presence of these fine/colloidal impurities. The organic matter and ferriferous smectite identified in the sample may also have an effect due to their dark colour and colloidal distribution., An investigation was carried out into the removal of Fe and Ti minerals from Gujarat kaolin by superconducting high-gradient magnetic separation (SC-HGMS) and ultra-flotation to improve the optical properties. Fe removal was higher using SC-HGMS but that of Ti was almost the same for both techniques. A large improvement in brightness was observed for the SC-HGMS product compared to the ultra-flotation product. A possible reason was thought to be recoating of the impurities on the clay surface, but XPS studies on the flotation product showed this not to be the case. Most of the titania was present in the form of very small anatase particles. Some of the Fe formed independent nano-size particles of goethite/haematite and the rest was found closer to anatase or kaolinite particles, either as part of the structure or as nano-sized independent particles adhering to the surface, and hence is not easily separated. The ultra-fine grains of Fe-stained anatase remaining in the kaolinite surface after flotation has a strong pigmentation effect. The unsatisfactory brightness of the flotation product is attributed to the presence of these fine/colloidal impurities. The organic matter and ferriferous smectite identified in the sample may also have an effect due to their dark colour and colloidal distribution.