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The study evaluated the psychometrics of a newly developed scale that measures the perceived familial stigma of LGBQ-sexuality. Exploratory, confirmatory, bifactor, and omega reliability analyses were conducted on a set of items and suggest these scores reliably measure the intended construct, with specific factors of homonegativity, discretion, and familial customs.

In this study we investigate whether persons with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perceive social images differently than control participants (CON) in a graded perception task in which stimuli emerged from noise before dissipating into noise again. We presented either social stimuli (humans) or non-social stimuli (objects or animals). ASD were slower to recognize images during their emergence, but as fast as CON when indicating the dissipation of the image irrespective of its content. Social stimuli were recognized faster and remained discernable longer in both diagnostic groups. Thus, ASD participants show a largely intact preference for the processing of social images. An exploratory analysis of response subsets reveals subtle differences between groups that could be investigated in future studies.

Although the presence of mental health stigma associated with seeking help has been demonstrated in many parts of the world, this work has largely been from an independent perspective (i.e., "I will be perceived as crazy") rather than from an interdependent perspective (i.e., "My family will be viewed negatively"). Interdependent stigma of seeking help (i.e., the extent to which people believe their family would be devalued and shamed if they seek psychological help) may be an important type of stigma that has not been assessed. Based on self-construal theory, the present study sought to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of an Interdependent Stigma of Seeking Help (ISSH) scale in eight different countries and regions (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Türkiye, the UAE, the United States). Findings suggest that the psychometric properties of the eight-item ISSH are adequate for research purposes (a unidimensional scale with full invariance and internal consistency estimates from.84 to.94). The ISSH was moderately related to other measures of stigma and psychological distress. Some differences in the relationship with specific outcomes by country and region were found, and there were notable country differences in the latent mean levels of ISSH, with Hong Kong and Taiwan having the highest means, and Australia, the United States, and Brazil having the lowest levels. Results suggest that the ISSH could be used to help clarify the complex relationships between stigma and other variables of interest and might be useful in developing culturally relevant interventions. Public Significance Statement: Stigma remains an obstacle to mental health care. This study examined the reliability and validity of a new scale of interdependent stigma associated with seeking mental health services across eight countries and regions (i.e., Australia, Brazil, Germany, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Türkiye, the UAE, and the United States) that expands on the theoretical assertions of self-construal theory and will assist in the development of culturally responsive interventions to combat stigma around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article introduces the integrated behavioral model of mental health help seeking (IBM-HS), a theoretical model for understanding the constructs (e.g., systemic, predisposing, and enabling factors; mental health literacy; illness perceptions; perceived need; stigma; shame; perceived benefits, motivation) that influence people's decision making around seeking professional mental health care and their ultimate access to formal treatment. The IBM-HS is a help-seeking-specific adaptation of the empirically supported integrated behavioral model and integrative model, which are themselves evolutions of the theory of planned behavior and theory of reasoned action. The IBM-HS posits that help-seeking determinants (e.g., structural forces; cultural influences; past help-seeking experience; evaluated need; mental health perceptions, knowledge, and skills; social support) influence help-seeking beliefs (i.e., outcome beliefs, experiential beliefs, beliefs about others' expectations, beliefs about others' behavior, logistical beliefs), which in turn determine their respective help-seeking mechanisms (i.e., attitude, perceived norm, personal agency). These mechanisms collectively influence help-seeking intention, which drives prospective help-seeking behavior, subject to the moderating effects of determinants. Finally, prospective behavior has reciprocal feedback loop effects on certain determinants and beliefs. This article describes the need for the IBM-HS, the model's constructs and their interrelations, measurement considerations, and how the model can be used by scholarly and applied users to systematically understand people's intention to seek professional mental health care services and what helps or hinders them from utilizing this care. Public Significance Statement: The integrated behavioral model of mental health help seeking offers users a robust framework for understanding the things that help or hinder a person from seeking mental health care. This article describes the model and how to use it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a reduced version of the Perception of Family Support Scale (PFSS)—a measure of family support designed for research and clinical purposes—and examine construct validity, invariance, and reliability evidence for scores obtained from the instrument. Data collection occurred in 2019. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with college student samples from Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, and Turkey (N = 1,256), we identified an oblique three-factor model corresponding to the original scale's internal structure (e.g. affective consistency, family maladaptation, and family autonomy). We also found configural, metric, and scalar invariance, good reliability coefficients, and significant relationships with distress (e.g. depression, anxiety, and stress) across the four studied countries. These results indicate good validity evidence for using the brief version of the PFSS. Applications of the PFSS and implications of the current results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate sustainability has gone mainstream, and many companies have taken meaningful steps to improve their own environmental performance. But while corporate political actions such as lobbying can have a greater impact on environmental quality, they are ignored in most current sustainability metrics. It is time for these metrics to be expanded to critically assess firms based on the sustainability impacts of their public policy positions. To enable such assessments, firms must become as transparent about their corporate political responsibility (CPR) as their corporate social responsibility (CSR). For their part, rating systems must demand such information from firms and include evaluations of corporate political activity in their assessments of corporate environmental responsibility.

We present relative cross section measurements of the inner-shell ionization of highly charged chromium ions by high-energy (7-30 keV) electrons. The measurements use a technique based on high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy, which correlates ionization events with [K.sub.[infinity]] decay X-rays. Moreover, the measurements show that inner-shell ionization only affects the strength of the heliumlike 1s2s [sup.3.S.sub.1] [right arrow] [1s.sup.2] [sup.1.S.sub.0] forbidden line. The cross sections inferred for Li-like [Cr.sup.21+] agree well with distorted wave calculations. Key words: electron impact ionization, highly charged ions, X-ray spectroscopy, atomic physics, high temperature plasmas. Nous presentons des mesures de sections efficaces relatives de l'ionisation de la couche interne d'ions de chrome hautement charges impactes par des electrons de haute energie (7-30 keV). Les mesures utilisent une technique basee sur la spectroscopie X de haute resolution, qui fait la correlation entre les evenements d'ionisation et les rayons X [K.sub.[infinity]] de desintegration. De plus, les mesures montrent que l'ionisation de la couche interne n'affecte que l'intensite de la raie interdite de type helium 1s2s [sup.3.S.sub.1] [right arrow] [1s.sup.2] [sup.1.S.sub.0]. Les sections efficaces deduites pour le [Cr.sup.21+ ] de type Li sont en bon accord avec les resultats de calculs realises avec la methode des ondes distordues. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: ionisation par impact electronique, ions hautement charges, spectroscopie X, physique atomique, plasmas de haute temperature., 1. Introduction Electron impact ionization is a topic of fundamental importance in atomic physics. Ionization cross sections and the associated rates are crucial components for ionization equilibrium calculations, which have [...]

Although the experience of time is of central relevance for psychopathology, qualitative approaches to study the inner experience of time have been largely neglected in autism research. We present results from qualitative data acquired from 26 adults with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Employing inductive content analysis we identified a distinct pattern of interrupted time experience in ASD. Individuals with ASD seemed to implement structured and routine behavior by future planning to guarantee that the present passed uninterrupted. We reason that the success of corresponding compensatory mechanisms determines the development of distress and noticeable symptoms. Considering recent theories on Bayesian perceptual inference we relate the syndrome of interrupted time experience to the putative neuronal mechanisms underlying time experience.

This study tested whether high counseling self-efficacy was associated with less physiologic stress for student helpers facing difficult helping situations. A total of 225 students completed a counseling self-efficacy measure before providing supportive help. During this time, participants' blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated. Between the time that participants learned about their upcoming roles as student helpers and began experiencing session-management problems, diastolic blood pressure decreased for those with high self-efficacy, but not for those with low self-efficacy. The results suggest that mental health agencies may consider utilizing counseling self-efficacy measures to identify and develop capable student helpers.

Help-seeking stigma predicts more negative attitudes towards seeking psychological help, yet it remains unclear how distress levels might impact this relationship. Increased distress could diminish the relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes, as the potential benefits of seeking psychological help might outweigh the potential risks. Alternatively, increased distress could strengthen the relationship between stigma and more negative help-seeking attitudes, as help-seeking decisions become more personally relevant. The current study examined the effects of anticipated help-seeking self-stigma and psychological distress on help-seeking attitudes. Results indicated that there was an interaction of distress and stigma, such that for those reporting higher levels of distress, there was a weaker relationship between stigma and help-seeking attitudes than for those with lower levels of distress.

Stigma associated with seeking help has been found to be a key help-seeking barrier, however its role is less clear for: (a) adolescents, (b) groups outside the United States and (c) different types of therapy. This study addresses these omissions by examining the relationships between perceptions of public stigma of mental illness and the self-stigma of seeking help, and how they are related to help-seeking attitudes and intentions for both individual and group therapy among adolescents in Israel (N = 238). Path analysis confirmed that self-stigma of seeking help was negatively related to attitudes towards psychological help which was then positively related to intentions to seek help, across both individual and group therapy. Consistent with the only other study conducted in Israel, but contrasting research from other parts of the world, the relationship between perceptions of public stigma of mental illness and self-stigma of seeking help was not present for either individual or group therapy. However, perceptions of public stigma of mental illness were a direct negative predictor of help-seeking attitudes for group therapy. Overall, participants reported more negative perceptions of group therapy than individual therapy. These results have implications for future interventions to increase help-seeking behaviours for adolescents.

Background: Alterations in the experience of controlling oneself and one's environment are of high relevance to understanding the psychopathology of depression. This study investigated the relationship between Temporal Binding for action-event sequences, sense of agency, self-efficacy and symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder. Method: We employed the Sense of Agency Scale (SoAS) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) to assess explicit Sense of Agency and self-efficacy in a group of 42 persons diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) [20 identifying as female, 19 as male; mean age 37.8 years (± 13.3)] and 40 control persons without a psychiatric diagnosis (CG) [22 identifying as female, 20 as male; mean age 38.0 years ( ± 13.3)]. Depressive symptom severity was measured using the BDI-II. We additionally performed a temporal binding paradigm as a potential correlate to Sense of Agency. Participants partook in a time estimation task judging three intervals (250ms, 450ms, 650ms) while either observing or causing stimulus presentations. The underestimation of intervals following intentional actions causing stimulus presentations (compared to merely observing the stimulus presentation) is interpreted as temporal binding. Results: SoAS scores demonstrated an inverse correlation with depressive symptoms (CG: p=.032, R² = .113; MDD: p<.001, R² = .260) and a positive correlation with GSE scores (CG: p<.001, R²=.379; MDD: p<.001, R²=.254). We found distinct differences in temporal binding between healthy participants and the Major Depressive Disorder group without significant correlation between temporal binding and the SoAS or GSE scores. The data suggest group differences in time estimation particular pertaining to time intervals involving intentional action and increasingly complex multisensory stimuli. Discussion: We investigated parameters of subjective control, namely Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy. Here, we were able to reveal their inverse relationship with depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder, highlighting a profound experience of loss of control with increasing symptom load. Deficits in experiencing control, particularly involving intentional motor actions (and more complex multisensory stimuli), appear to be more pronounced in Major Depressive Disorder, involving not only negative self-efficacy expectations but also an altered Sense of Agency and temporal binding. Temporal binding and SoAS scores did not correlate, adding to the growing evidence that the two measures may not be directly related. We propose that future research be directed at this contiguous relationship between Sense of Agency and Self Efficacy in Major Depressive Disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]