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In this case report, the amputation of the right distal front limb with revalidation and placement of a prosthesis in a cria is described. The animal presented with a (sub)luxation of the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. This was initially treated with a splint bandage. Because of the development of ischemic necrosis of the complete distal limb up to the distal 1/3 of the metacarpus, amputation at the level of the radiocarpal joint became inevitable. Once the stump was healed, a pros- thesis was developed with the aid of 3D printing. There were no complications during the revalidation, and the cria was coping well with the prosthesis. After a period of two months, a small pressure wound occurred at the level of the stump. As a long-term prognosis was not available, two similar cases with a long-term follow-up period were added to the reported case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seven-year-old warmblood mare presented with bilateral epistaxis, facial swelling and deviation of the nose and upper lip. Upon clinical and computed tomographic examination, a complete, oblique, open and displaced fracture of the nasal process of the incisive bone of the left and right maxilla was found. The fracture was treated surgically with a 3.5 narrow locking compression plate on the dorsolateral aspect of the incisive bone in combination with oral cerclage wiring after temporary retention with cerclage wire connecting the incisors of the mandible and maxilla. The intraoral cerclage wiring was removed twelve weeks post surgery, while the plate remained in situ. There were only minor postsurgical complications, which consisted of transient facial nerve paralysis and swelling. Follow-up radiographs taken eight weeks after surgery documented good fracture healing. Nine months after surgery, the mare returned to her intended use, and showed excellent cosmesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The equine head is a complex structure prone to traumatic injuries. To determine the value and limitations of radiography and (CT) for the diagnosis of skull fracture, the differences between the two modalities were described. Two observers retrospectively reviewed the radiographic and CT images of 18 horses with a skull fracture. To allow direct comparison between the two modalities, a simplified fracture classification system was used. In 3/18 cases the evaluation of the radiographic examination concluded no injuries visible. In 2/15 cases soft tissue involvement was not detected and in 7/15 cases the extension of the fracture was underestimated with radiography. Radiography classified 4/10 multiple fractures incorrectly as single fracture and 5/15 comminuted fractures on CT were diagnosed as simple fracture with radiography. The number of fragments was underestimated with radiography in 14/15 cases. In conclusion, radiography is able to diagnose a skull fracture in most cases. Skull fractures however are not similarly classified after radiographic and CT evaluation, which causes a difference in interpretation and perception of the fractures. Therefore, CT should be the modality of choice for surgical planning and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cystic lesions are not very common in the horse. When occurring in the equine skull, they are mainly located in the paranasal sinuses, but occasionally lesions in the maxillary bone and mandible have been reported. The expansive character of these cystic lesions necessitates surgical treatment. The conventional surgical treatment of cystic lesions usually involves drainage, surgical excision and curettage of the cystic wall and all abnormal tissue. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of maxillary bone cysts in two cases. Due to the anatomical location of the bone cysts in the presented cases, excision and extensive curettage would have caused considerable collateral damage to important structures. For this reason, the surgical treatment was performed minimally invasively, including intralesional injection with 10% formalin solution, after which the lesions were flushed with saline solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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