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Populations located in the vicinity of slopes and soils derived from volcanic ash are constantly at risk due to the possibility of landslides. Such is the case of the city of Manizales, Colombia, which, due to its geomorphological characteristics, has experienced a significant number of landslides that have caused human and economic losses. The Internet of things (IoT) has allowed important technological advances for monitoring, thanks to the low cost and wide coverage of IoT-based systems. Slope monitoring and the development of landslide early warning systems (EWS) have been positively impacted by IoT developments, which shows a relationship. The objective of this article is to review, from the scientific production, the relationship between IoT and EWS. For this purpose, a fragmenting-deriving-combining methodology is applied to focus on a research trends analysis of the subject, from macro-areas such as IoT and EWS to micro areas such as EWS by IoT-based landslides. Finally, the analysis concluded that the conceptual models of IoT and EWS for landslides have some correspondence in some of their layers.

This study is focused on analyzing seven years of bibliometric data of the International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) from 2014 to 2020. The analysis of 2,928 papers exhibits multi-folded growth of 34.25%, rising from 109 articles in 2014 to 638 articles by 2020. In addition, the analysis of the structure of publications as well as the mapping of bibliographic data based on co-citation, bibliographic coupling, and co-occurrence showed the intellectual structure and connection between universities, countries, and contributing authors. As the journal’s first retrospective, this study not only educates and enriches IJECE’s global readership and aspiring contributors, but may also be useful to its editorial board, as it provides several inputs for navigating future research.

In order to determine an index of the status of optimal water variables for biodiversity conservation in the Sonso Lagoon, the data obtained from 2004 to 2018 were used. To determine the index, a methodology based on a multivariate analysis of the physical-chemical water variables was used, as well as a correlation analysis for their delimitation. Subsequently, the definition of weights and the parameterization of the variables for the final construction of the index were made. As a result, it was found that the lagoon is in an adequate state with a value index of 0.65, with a highly vulnerable tendency to be in an acceptable state and go to a critical state, depending on the anthropic pressure it has. As a conclusion, it was obtained that variables such as dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus and electrical conductivity are determining factors in establishing the index.

Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology that has permeated different spheres of life, one of them is education, and specifically the teaching-learning process at different educational levels and objects of study. For this reason, this paper presents the development of a learning model of quadric surfaces mediated by a mobile AR application and based on didactic engineering. The model was applied to a group of environmental engineering students of the Catholic University of Manizales. To obtain information on the use of the application and the learning results obtained, some intervention instruments were developed. The students stated that the use of AR allowed them to better understand the concepts of quadric surfaces, even more so in a time of pandemic by COVID-19, where education was highly measured by ICTs.

This paper presents a proposal for the development of an automatic system correlation between two variables, one represented by the failures on the electrical distribution lines during a storm process and another one represented by atmospheric discharges (lightning) that happen in this process. Initially, in order to define if the failure is caused directly or indirectly by an electrical impact generated by lightning, a space-time correlation is proposed. With the obtained data a decision matrix is proposed, using an entropy method to assign weights to the failures in order to determine its severity and therefore its priority of attention. On the other hand, taking into account that the time window of observation is perhaps the most relevant parameter in the proposed correlation system, this article shows part of a simulation proposed for its calculation as well as the mathematical bases that were used as a support for it.

In this work the electromagnetic emissions caused by a discharge of a lightning have been modeled, considering the lightning as a short monopole antenna over a perfectly conducting ground plane. By this analogy the radiated electric and magnetic fields are calculated, and then the induced voltage is calculated in a distribution line considered as a short loop. The mathematical expression used for the calculation of the induced voltage was already proposed in a previous work and in the present work is validated by its confrontation in an simulated scenario with two known expressions for the calculation of the induced voltage, one recommended by the IEEE and developed by S. Rusck and another developed by Barbosa. On the basis of the considerations made by Rusck to obtain its expression for the induced voltage, the geometry related to the proposed expression is adapted to make it comparable with Rusck's international reference in the IEEE standard. Later, the dV_ind/dy behaviors of the three expressions in the region of near-field radiation of the lightning were analyzed, determining that the trends (which are hyperbolic) of the proposed expression and that developed by Rusck (internationally standardized in the IEEE 1410 standard) have a great similarity when the radiated fields exceed 20 m, giving validity to the proposed expression., En este trabajo se han modelado las emisiones electromagnéticas ocasionadas por la descarga de un rayo, considerando al rayo como una antena monopolo corto sobre un plano de tierra perfectamente conductor. Mediante esta analogía se calculan los campos eléctricos y magnéticos radiados, y luego se calcula la tensión inducida en una línea de distribución considerada como un lazo corto. La expresión matemática utilizada para el cálculo de la tensión inducida ya fue propuesta en un trabajo previo y en el presente trabajo es validada mediante su confrontación en un escenario simulado con dos expresiones conocidas para el cálculo de la tensión inducida, una recomendada por la IEEE y desarrollada por S. Rusck y otra desarrollada por Barbosa. Sobre la base de las consideraciones realizadas por Rusck para la obtención de su expresión para la tensión inducida, la geometría relacionada con la expresión propuesta es adaptada para hacerla comparable con el referente internacional de Rusck en la norma IEEE. Posteriormente se han analizado los comportamientos dV_ind/dy de las tres expresiones en la región de radiación de campo cercano del rayo, determinando que las tendencias (las cuales son de carácter hiperbólico) de la expresión propuesta y la desarrollada por Rusck (estandarizada a nivel internacional en la norma IEEE 1410) presentan una gran similitud cuando los campos radiados sobrepasan los 20 m, dando validez a la expresión propuesta.