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1. An Interpretable Deep Learning Approach for Morphological Script Type Analysis

Author

Vlachou-Efstathiou, Malamatenia, Siglidis, Ioannis, Stutzmann, Dominique, and Aubry, Mathieu

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Defining script types and establishing classification criteria for medieval handwriting is a central aspect of palaeographical analysis. However, existing typologies often encounter methodological challenges, such as descriptive limitations and subjective criteria. We propose an interpretable deep learning-based approach to morphological script type analysis, which enables systematic and objective analysis and contributes to bridging the gap between qualitative observations and quantitative measurements. More precisely, we adapt a deep instance segmentation method to learn comparable character prototypes, representative of letter morphology, and provide qualitative and quantitative tools for their comparison and analysis. We demonstrate our approach by applying it to the Textualis Formata script type and its two subtypes formalized by A. Derolez: Northern and Southern Textualis, Comment: Accepted at ICDAR 2024 Workshop on Computational Paleography (IWCP, 31 August - Athens, Greece)

Published
2024

3. Leak Proof CMap; a framework for training and evaluation of cell line agnostic L1000 similarity methods

Author

Shave, Steven, Kasprowicz, Richard, Athar, Abdullah M., Vlachou, Denise, Carragher, Neil O., and Nguyen, Cuong Q.

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

The Connectivity Map (CMap) is a large publicly available database of cellular transcriptomic responses to chemical and genetic perturbations built using a standardized acquisition protocol known as the L1000 technique. Databases such as CMap provide an exciting opportunity to enrich drug discovery efforts, providing a 'known' phenotypic landscape to explore and enabling the development of state of the art techniques for enhanced information extraction and better informed decisions. Whilst multiple methods for measuring phenotypic similarity and interrogating profiles have been developed, the field is severely lacking standardized benchmarks using appropriate data splitting for training and unbiased evaluation of machine learning methods. To address this, we have developed 'Leak Proof CMap' and exemplified its application to a set of common transcriptomic and generic phenotypic similarity methods along with an exemplar triplet loss-based method. Benchmarking in three critical performance areas (compactness, distinctness, and uniqueness) is conducted using carefully crafted data splits ensuring no similar cell lines or treatments with shared or closely matching responses or mechanisms of action are present in training, validation, or test sets. This enables testing of models with unseen samples akin to exploring treatments with novel modes of action in novel patient derived cell lines. With a carefully crafted benchmark and data splitting regime in place, the tooling now exists to create performant phenotypic similarity methods for use in personalized medicine (novel cell lines) and to better augment high throughput phenotypic screening technologies with the L1000 transcriptomic technology.

Published
2024

4. Protocols for Quantum Weak Coin Flipping

Author

Arora, Atul Singh, Roland, Jérémie, Vlachou, Chrysoula, and Weis, Stephan

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security
Abstract

Weak coin flipping is an important cryptographic primitive -- it is the strongest known secure two-party computation primitive that classically becomes secure only under certain assumptions (e.g. computational hardness), while quantumly there exist protocols that achieve arbitrarily close to perfect security. This breakthrough result was established by Mochon in 2007 [arXiv:0711.4114]. However, his proof relied on the existence of certain unitary operators which was established by a non-constructive argument. Consequently, explicit protocols have remained elusive. In this work, we give exact constructions of related unitary operators. These, together with a new formalism, yield a family of protocols approaching perfect security thereby also simplifying Mochon's proof of existence. We illustrate the construction of explicit weak coin flipping protocols by considering concrete examples (from the aforementioned family of protocols) that are more secure than all previously known protocols., Comment: 51 pages (+ 9 appendix), 12 figures. This is a self-contained, concise version of our main results in arXiv:1811.02984 (STOC '19) and arXiv:1911.13283v2 (SODA '21). The Cryptology ePrint 2022/1101 is the comprehensive version, subsuming the above

Published
2024

6. What Else Would I Like? A User Simulator using Alternatives for Improved Evaluation of Fashion Conversational Recommendation Systems

Author

Vlachou, Maria and Macdonald, Craig

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

In Conversational Recommendation Systems (CRS), a user can provide feedback on recommended items at each interaction turn, leading the CRS towards more desirable recommendations. Currently, different types of CRS offer various possibilities for feedback, i.e., natural language feedback, or answering clarifying questions. In most cases, a user simulator is employed for training as well as evaluating the CRS. Such user simulators typically critique the current retrieved items based on knowledge of a single target item. Still, evaluating systems in offline settings with simulators suffers from problems, such as focusing entirely on a single target item (not addressing the exploratory nature of a recommender system), and exhibiting extreme patience (consistent feedback over a large number of turns). To overcome these limitations, we obtain extra judgements for a selection of alternative items in common CRS datasets, namely Shoes and Fashion IQ Dresses. Going further, we propose improved user simulators that allow simulated users not only to express their preferences about alternative items to their original target, but also to change their mind and level of patience. In our experiments using the relative image captioning CRS setting and different CRS models, we find that using the knowledge of alternatives by the simulator can have a considerable impact on the evaluation of existing CRS models, specifically that the existing single-target evaluation underestimates their effectiveness, and when simulated users are allowed to instead consider alternatives, the system can rapidly respond to more quickly satisfy the user.

Published
2024

9. Parents' and Teachers' Perceptions of Parental Involvement and Practices in the Education of Students with Learning Disabilities in Greece

Author

Dimitra Eleftheriadou and Anastasia Vlachou

Abstract

Parental involvement, as well as parent and teacher relations, have been considered as a significant factor that affects children's schooling. Still, in order to foster inclusion, parent-teacher relations need further investigation. This study explores parent and teacher perceptions of parental involvement in the education of students with Learning Disabilities (LD) based on Epstein's (1995) parental involvement typology. Epstein's questionnaires for parents and teachers were administered to 151 mothers, 77 fathers, 232 general, and 126 special education teachers in Greece in order to investigate their perceptions of parental involvement types and practices concerning the education of children with LD. The differences among parent- and teacher-related sociodemographic characteristics were also examined. The findings reveal that the parents associate their involvement in the education of their children with LD more with Type 1-Parenting, whereas the teachers with Type 5-Decision making. Parents use more Type 4-Learning at home practices, whereas teachers employ Type 2-Communicating practices. Notwithstanding, there are a series of statistically important findings concerning parent and teacher perceptions of parental involvement and practices in the education of children with LD by sociodemographic characteristics. Results are discussed in relation to their implications in promoting more inclusive and sustainable home--school partnerships.

Published
2023

10. On Coherence-based Predictors for Dense Query Performance Prediction

Author

Vlachou, Maria and Macdonald, Craig

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

Query Performance Prediction (QPP) estimates the effectiveness of a search engine's results in response to a query without relevance judgments. Traditionally, post-retrieval predictors have focused upon either the distribution of the retrieval scores, or the coherence of the top-ranked documents using traditional bag-of-words index representations. More recently, BERT-based models using dense embedded document representations have been used to create new predictors, but mostly applied to predict the performance of rankings created by BM25. Instead, we aim to predict the effectiveness of rankings created by single-representation dense retrieval models (ANCE & TCT-ColBERT). Therefore, we propose a number of variants of existing unsupervised coherence-based predictors that employ neural embedding representations. In our experiments on the TREC Deep Learning Track datasets, we demonstrate improved accuracy upon dense retrieval (up to 92% compared to sparse variants for TCT-ColBERT and 188% for ANCE). Going deeper, we select the most representative and best performing predictors to study the importance of differences among predictors and query types on query performance. Using existing distribution-based evaluation QPP measures and a particular type of linear mixed models, we find that query types further significantly influence query performance (and are up to 35% responsible for the unstable performance of QPP predictors), and that this sensitivity is unique to dense retrieval models. Our approach introduces a new setting for obtaining richer information on query differences in dense QPP that can explain potential unstable performance of existing predictors and outlines the unique characteristics of different query types on dense retrieval models.

Published
2023

11. Hepatitis B Vaccination, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Among Sample of Greek Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Anastasia Statiri, Theodoula Adamakidou, Ourania Govina, Nikoletta Margari, Eugenia Vlachou, and Eleni Dokoutsidou

Subjects
hepatitis B, nursing students, vaccine uptake, knowledge, attitudes, practices, Nursing, RT1-120
Abstract

Background: Nursing students share their study time between clinical and university environments, and due to their clinical training, are at increased risk of contracting the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study investigated the vaccination coverage, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing students regarding HBV in Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to July 2023, using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire, with informed consent obtained from each participant. Results: A total of 1261 nursing students from University Institutions of the Attica region participated in the convenience sampling. The response rate of the nursing students was 68.6%. A total of 27.7% of the sample was fully vaccinated against HBV. The reasons for not accepting the vaccine were not found to be related to participants’ level of knowledge or attitudes (p > 0.05). The knowledge score ranged from 0% to 96.9%, with a mean of 62.2% (SD = 17.0%). Multivariate linear regression showed that longer year of nursing education was associated with better practices and attitudes towards HBV (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The emergence of low vaccination coverage of nursing students against HBV identifies the need for departments of nursing studies to proceed in the development of educational and intervention programs on infection control. This study was not registered.

Published
2024
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12. A Gaussia luciferase reporter assay for the evaluation of coronavirus Nsp5/3CLpro activity

Author

Asimenia Vlachou, Rayhane Nchioua, Kerstin Regensburger, Frank Kirchhoff, and Dorota Kmiec

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, Coronaviruses, Gaussia reporter assay, Nsp5, 3CLpro, Protease inhibitor, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Human coronaviruses (hCoVs) infect millions of people every year. Among these, MERS, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 caused significant morbidity and mortality and their emergence highlights the risk of possible future coronavirus outbreaks. Therefore, broadly-active anti-coronavirus drugs are needed. Pharmacological inhibition of the hCoV protease Nsp5 (3CLpro) is clinically beneficial as shown by the wide and effective use of Paxlovid (nirmatrelvir, ritonavir). However, further treatment options are required due to the risk of drug resistance. To facilitate the assessment of coronavirus protease function and its pharmacological inhibition, we developed an assay allowing rapid and reliable quantification of Nsp5 activity under biosafety level 1 conditions. It is based on an ACE2-Gal4 transcription factor fusion protein separated by a Nsp5 recognition site. Cleavage by Nsp5 releases the Gal4 transcription factor, which then induces the expression of Gaussia luciferase. Our assay is compatible with Nsp5 proteases from all hCoVs and allows simultaneous measurement of inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the tested compounds. Proof-of-concept measurements confirmed that nirmatrelvir, GC376 and lopinavir inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Nsp5 function. Furthermore, the assay accurately predicted the impact of Nsp5 mutations on catalytic activity and inhibitor sensitivity. Overall, the reporter assay is suitable for evaluating viral protease activity.

Published
2024
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13. Effects of hippotherapy on motor function of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review study

Author

Panagiotis Plotas, Angelos Papadopoulos, Evangelia-Maria Apostolelli, Eleni Vlachou, Foteini Gazou, Ioanna Zogopoulou, Ioanna Katsaidoni, Ioanna Panagiotopoulou, Sofia Paraskevi Paparouna, Nikolina Silavou, Katerina Fragkiadaki, Eirini Tsiamaki, Sotirios Fouzas, Xenophon Sinopidis, and Nikolaos Trimmis

Subjects
Hippotherapy, Systematic review, Alternative physical therapy, Horse-riding simulator, Motor skills, Cerebral palsy, Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Cerebral palsy includes a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders caused by brain damage, leading to impairment of movement, posture, and balance for a lifetime. There are many therapeutic interventions for cerebral palsy. One of them is hippotherapy, an alternative physical therapy. It is a type of equine-assisted activity and therapy where children with cerebral palsy and motor function skills interact with a horse. We aimed to study the effects of hippotherapy, as an alternative therapy, on the motor function of children with cerebral palsy. We performed a review of the latest literature on hippotherapy and cerebral palsy. The criteria we used were specific keywords, publication date, age of the subjects/studied population, and article type. The outcome of our research resulted in ten relevant studies. The findings demonstrate improvements in various aspects of motor function – more specifically in gross motor function skills, balance, coordination, gait parameters, and muscle strength. Two of ten studies used the Horse-Riding Simulator with significant improvements in postural control in sitting, motor function, and hip abduction range of motion. Hippotherapy can improve motor function skills of children between 2 and 14 years of age with cerebral palsy, affecting their well-being and overall quality of life. It can have a positive effect either as a standalone treatment or as a part of other traditional therapies. Extended research is needed to assess whether hippotherapy may present significant long-term changes in motor skills in children with cerebral palsy.

Published
2024
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16. The Role of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances in the Treatment of Locally Advanced and Metastatic Urothelial Cancer

Author

Evangelia Vlachou, Burles Avner Johnson, and Jean Hoffman-Censits

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Locally advanced and metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy has remained the first-line treatment for decades and until recently no other treatment options existed. Today, novel agents called antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), including enfortumab vedotin (EV) and sacituzumab govitecan (SG), have been approved for la/mUC offering patients treatment options following or instead of traditional chemotherapy. The EV consists of the chemotherapy monomethyl auristatin E linked to anti-nectin-4 antibody. Single-agent response rates for EV are 40% to 52% including activity in patients with liver metastases, a phenotype associated with worse outcomes. In 2023, EV in combination with pembrolizumab almost doubled progression-free and overall survival versus platinum-based chemotherapy, which led to accelerated FDA approval as first-line treatment for all patients with la/mUC. Safety profile of EV monotherapy and combination with pembrolizumab is generally manageable with peripheral neuropathy and cutaneous toxicity among the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The SG is another ADC targeting TROP-2 with SN-38 as payload. It is approved as late-line treatment for la/mUC with ORR 27% and most common TRAEs include gastrointestinal symptoms and neutropenia. Finally, a recent cancer agnostic accelerated approval for trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) in HER2-positive (IHC3+) solid tumors provides another active ADC option for biomarker-selected patients with treatment refractory la/mUC. Several new ADCs are being investigated in urothelial cancer (UC) clinical trials. This review summarizes the clinical studies and real-world data regarding the use of ADCs in UC.

Published
2024
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17. The impact of methylome analysis on the diagnosis and treatment of CNS tumours in children and adolescents: A population-based study in Greece

Author

Maria Filippidou, Stavros Glentis, Ilona Binenbaum, Martin Sill, Kleoniki Roka, Antonia Vlachou, Georgia Avgerinou, Jonas Ecker, Florian Selt, Martin Hasselblatt, Mirjam Blattner-Johnson, Kathrin Schramm, Clio Trougkou, Dimitrios Doganis, Nikolaos Katzilakis, Vita Ridola, Evgenia Papakonstantinou, Vassilios Papadakis, Emmanouel Hatzipantelis, Eleftheria Kokkinou, Roser Pons, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein, Dominik Sturm, Steffen Hirsch, Nicola Dikow, Kristian W. Pajtler, Cornelis M. van Tilburg, Michael C. Frühwald, Till Milde, Olaf Witt, David T.W. Jones, Andreas Von Deimling, Felix Sahm, Kalliopi Stefanaki, Stefan M. Pfister, and Antonis Kattamis

Subjects
Paediatrics, Brain tumours, Classification, Diagnosis, DNA methylation, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background: The recently published WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumours recognizes DNA methylation profiling as a desirable and, for some diagnoses, essential diagnostic tool adjunctive to conventional histopathology. DNA methylation profiling is not routinely available in many countries, including Greece. Methods: In this collaborative study, we report the DNA methylation results in a series of children and adolescents with CNS tumours in Greece (2018–2023). In total, 130 tumour samples were analyzed using the latest applicable version of the Heidelberg brain tumour classifier. Results: Upon initial analysis, 80 % (104/130) achieved calibrated scores (Cs) ≥ 0.9 and matched an established methylation class family/subclass. Among them, methylation results confirmed (90/104, 86.5 %), refined (50/104, 48 %) or changed (10/104, 9.6 %) the histological diagnosis. Only four results were regarded as non-contributing (4/104, 3.9 %). Twenty-six tumour samples received Cs < 0.9. Despite low scores, methylation results supported the initial diagnosis with lower confidence in 38.5 % (10/26) and established the diagnosis in two tumours with non-conclusive histopathology. Additional t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) analysis allowed the possible classification of twelve tumours. Nine more samples reached high Cs using the newer brain tumour classifiers, since available. Samples co-tested in Greece demonstrated excellent test reproducibility, supporting the analysis' local implementation. Methylome profiling impacted the clinical management of 40 % of patients, modifying stratification, prognosis, or treatment approach. Conclusions: This study supports the need to integrate methylome analysis into routine diagnostics in our country and highlights the importance of collaboration between European pediatric oncology centres.

Published
2024
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18. 'Visual Type? Not My Type': A Systematic Study on the Learning Styles Neuromyth Employing Frequentist and Bayesian Statistics

Author

Touloumakos, Anna K., Vlachou, Evangelia, and Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta

Abstract

The term learning styles (LS) describes the notion that individuals have a preferred modality of learning (i.e., vision, audition, or kinesthesis) and that matching instruction to this modality results in optimal learning. During the last decades, LS has received extensive criticism, yet they remain a virtual truism within education. One of the major strands of criticism is the fact that only a handful of studies have systematically put the LS assumptions to the test. In this study, we aimed to explore whether learners who are visual types will be better at learning sign-words (i.e., ecologically valid stimuli) compared to auditory and kinesthetic types. Ninety-nine volunteers (67 females, mean age = 28.66 years) naive to Greek Sign Language (GSL) were instructed to learn 20 GSL sign-words. The volunteers further completed two LS questionnaires (i.e., the Barsch Learning Styles Inventory and the Learning Channels Inventory) and they also reported what their LS they believed was. No evidence of a difference in learning sign-words among individuals with different LS (as identified by either of the LS questionnaires or by direct self-report) was found, neither using a frequentist nor using a Bayesian approach to data analysis. Moreover, inconsistencies between the way participants were classified based on the different measures and direct self-report were detected. These findings add further support to the criticism of the LS theory and its use in educational settings. We suggest that research and practice resources should be allocated to evidence-based approaches.

Published
2023
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19. Overview of IoT Security Challenges and Sensors Specifications in PMSM for Elevator Applications

Author

Eftychios I. Vlachou, Vasileios I. Vlachou, Dimitrios E. Efstathiou, and Theoklitos S. Karakatsanis

Subjects
permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), smart sensors, internet of things (IoT), fault diagnosis, condition monitoring, security challenges, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

The applications of the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are the most seen in the elevator industry due to their high efficiency, low losses and the potential for high energy savings. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern technology which is being incorporated in various industrial applications, especially in electrical machines as a means of control, monitoring and preventive maintenance. This paper is focused on reviewing the use PMSM in lift systems, the application of various condition monitoring techniques and real-time data collection techniques using IoT technology. In addition, we focus on different categories of industrial sensors, their connectivity and the standards they should meet for PMSMs used in elevator applications. Finally, we analyze various secure ways of transmitting data on different platforms so that the transmission of information takes into account possible unwanted instructions from exogenous factors.

Published
2024
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21. CATMuS Medieval: A Multilingual Large-Scale Cross-Century Dataset in Latin Script for Handwritten Text Recognition and Beyond.

Author

Thibault Clérice, Ariane Pinche, Malamatenia Vlachou-Efstathiou, Alix Chagué, Jean-Baptiste Camps, Matthias Gille Levenson, Olivier Brisville-Fertin, Federico Boschetti, Franz Fischer, Michael Gervers, Agnès Boutreux, Avery Manton, Simon Gabay, Patricia O'Connor, Wouter Haverals, Mike Kestemont, Caroline Vandyck, and Benjamin Kiessling

Published
2024
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27. Museum Education: Integration of Cultural Heritage and Educational Metadata Schemas

Author

Vlachou, Eleni, Karydis, Ioannis, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Soares Barbosa, Luís, Editorial Board Member, Carette, Jacques, Editorial Board Member, Tatnall, Arthur, Editorial Board Member, Neuhold, Erich J., Editorial Board Member, Stiller, Burkhard, Editorial Board Member, Stettner, Lukasz, Editorial Board Member, Pries-Heje, Jan, Editorial Board Member, Kreps, David, Editorial Board Member, Rettberg, Achim, Editorial Board Member, Furnell, Steven, Editorial Board Member, Mercier-Laurent, Eunika, Editorial Board Member, Winckler, Marco, Editorial Board Member, Malaka, Rainer, Editorial Board Member, Maglogiannis, Ilias, editor, Iliadis, Lazaros, editor, Karydis, Ioannis, editor, Papaleonidas, Antonios, editor, and Chochliouros, Ioannis, editor

Published
2024
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28. PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy rewires cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis

Author

Athina Boumpas, Antonis S. Papaioannou, Pavlos Bousounis, Maria Grigoriou, Veronica Bergo, Iosif Papafragkos, Athanasios Tasis, Michael Iskas, Louis Boon, Manousos Makridakis, Antonia Vlachou, Eleni Gavriilaki, Aikaterini Hatzioannou, Ioannis Mitroulis, Eirini Trompouki, and Panayotis Verginis

Subjects
cancer, immunotherapy, bone marrow, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell, inflammation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

IntroductionImmune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, demonstrating exceptional clinical responses in a wide range of cancers. Despite the success, a significant proportion of patients still fail to respond, highlighting the existence of unappreciated mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance. Delineating such mechanisms is paramount to minimize immunotherapy failures and optimize the clinical benefit.MethodsIn this study, we treated tumour-bearing mice with PD-L1 blockage antibody (aPD-L1) immunotherapy, to investigate its effects on cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis, focusing on bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). We examined the impact of aPD-L1 treatment on HSPC quiescence, proliferation, transcriptomic profile, and functionality.ResultsHerein, we reveal that aPD-L1 in tumour-bearing mice targets the HSPCs in the BM, mediating their exit from quiescence and promoting their proliferation. Notably, disruption of the PDL1/PD1 axis induces transcriptomic reprogramming in HSPCs, observed in both individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and tumour-bearing mice, shifting towards an inflammatory state. Furthermore, HSPCs from aPDL1-treated mice demonstrated resistance to cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis, evidenced by a lower generation of MDSCs compared to control-treated mice.DiscussionOur findings shed light on unrecognized mechanisms of action of ICB immunotherapy in cancer, which involves targeting of BM-driven HSPCs and reprogramming of cancer-induced emergency myelopoiesis.

Published
2024
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30. The impact of methylome analysis on the diagnosis and treatment of CNS tumours in children and adolescents: A population-based study in Greece

Author

Filippidou, Maria, Glentis, Stavros, Binenbaum, Ilona, Sill, Martin, Roka, Kleoniki, Vlachou, Antonia, Avgerinou, Georgia, Ecker, Jonas, Selt, Florian, Hasselblatt, Martin, Blattner-Johnson, Mirjam, Schramm, Kathrin, Trougkou, Clio, Doganis, Dimitrios, Katzilakis, Nikolaos, Ridola, Vita, Papakonstantinou, Evgenia, Papadakis, Vassilios, Hatzipantelis, Emmanouel, Kokkinou, Eleftheria, Pons, Roser, Kanaka-Gantenbein, Christina, Sturm, Dominik, Hirsch, Steffen, Dikow, Nicola, Pajtler, Kristian W., van Tilburg, Cornelis M., Frühwald, Michael C., Milde, Till, Witt, Olaf, Jones, David T.W., Von Deimling, Andreas, Sahm, Felix, Stefanaki, Kalliopi, Pfister, Stefan M., and Kattamis, Antonis

Published
2024
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31. Evaluating the Impact of XR on User Experience in the Tomato Industrial Museum 'D. Nomikos'

Author

Stella Sylaiou, Panagiotis Dafiotis, Christos Fidas, Elia Vlachou, and Vani Nomikou

Subjects
digital heritage, extended reality, industrial museum, user experience questionnaire, Archaeology, CC1-960
Abstract

This study presents the background and the evaluation of integrating eXtended Reality (XR) in the permanent exhibition at the Tomato Industrial Museum “D. Nomikos”. This paper firstly provides the context of this study by outlining the methodological, technological, and museological approaches undertaken to integrate XR in a quest to enhance visitors’ meaningful engagement with the industrial heritage-related exhibition. Storytelling and narration are key elements of the museum’s museological design through audio tours and interactive AR-based visualization n of the machinery’s role and function. This paper presents and discusses the design of the evaluation methodology employed in the context of pertinent methods and approaches used in related research. This study investigates the effectiveness of XR for audience engagement and the added value that such technologies offer to the user experience as well as possible improvements. The main method adopted for gathering quantitative data is the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ), and for qualitative data, through semi-structured interviews. Moreover, the findings are analyzed, interpreted, and discussed. Based on a case study, this paper offers a broader discussion of the challenges and prospects connected to the quest of employing emerging technologies and assessing their impact on visitors’ museum experience, reaching conclusions for future directions in the field.

Published
2024
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32. Quantum Universally Composable Oblivious Linear Evaluation

Author

Santos, Manuel B., Mateus, Paulo, and Vlachou, Chrysoula

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Oblivious linear evaluation is a generalization of oblivious transfer, whereby two distrustful parties obliviously compute a linear function, f (x) = ax + b, i.e., each one provides their inputs that remain unknown to the other, in order to compute the output f (x) that only one of them receives. From both a structural and a security point of view, oblivious linear evaluation is fundamental for arithmetic-based secure multi-party computation protocols. In the classical case, oblivious linear evaluation protocols can be generated using oblivious transfer, and their quantum counterparts can, in principle, be constructed as straightforward extensions using quantum oblivious transfer. Here, we present the first, to the best of our knowledge, quantum protocol for oblivious linear evaluation that, furthermore, does not rely on quantum oblivious transfer. We start by presenting a semi-honest protocol, and then extend it to the dishonest setting employing a commit-and-open strategy. Our protocol uses high-dimensional quantum states to obliviously compute f (x) on Galois Fields of prime and prime-power dimension. These constructions utilize the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases in prime-power dimension Hilbert spaces and their linear behaviour upon the Heisenberg-Weyl operators. We also generalize our protocol to achieve vector oblivious linear evaluation, where several instances of oblivious linear evaluation are generated, thus making the protocol more efficient. We prove the protocols to have static security in the framework of quantum universal composability., Comment: 42 pages (34 + 8 as appendix), version accepted for publication in Quantum

Published
2022
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33. Quantifying fermionic interactions from the violation of Wick's theorem

Author

Pachos, Jiannis K. and Vlachou, Chrysoula

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

In contrast to interacting systems, the ground state of free systems has a highly ordered pattern of quantum correlations, as witnessed by Wick's decomposition. Here, we quantify the effect of interactions by measuring the violation they cause on Wick's decomposition. In particular, we express this violation in terms of the low entanglement spectrum of fermionic systems. Moreover, we establish a relation between the Wick's theorem violation and the interaction distance, the smallest distance between the reduced density matrix of the system and that of the optimal free model closest to the interacting one. Our work provides the means to quantify the effect of interactions in physical systems though measurable quantum correlations., Comment: 7 pages + 2 pages Appendix; minor errors corrected

Published
2022
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34. Copper- and Iron-Based Nanoflowers in Cancer Theranostics

Author

Agathi Vlachou, Despina A. Gkika, Pavlos Efthymiopoulos, George Z. Kyzas, and Alexandros Tsoupras

Subjects
anticancer, antitumor, metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanostructured materials, hybrid nanomaterials, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In recent years, nanoscience and nanotechnology have gained prominence within materials science, offering new opportunities for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Advances in nanotechnology have allowed for the manipulation and size control of nanomaterials, leading to the development of a wide range of materials. The use of nanomaterials as chemical biology tools in cancer theranostics has been widely investigated, owing to their enhanced stability, biocompatibility, and improved cell permeability. These properties enable precise targeting while addressing the limitations of conventional cancer treatments. Nanoflowers, a specific class of nanomaterials, have recently attracted significant interest due to their promising properties for several biomedical applications. However, despite the growing attention toward nanoflowers, detailed reviews on the subject have been limited. This work focuses on two primary types of hybrid nanoflowers: iron- and copper-based ones. Within this article an overview of recent applications in cancer theranostics are thoroughly reviewed, while the synthesis processes for controlling morphology and size, underlying functions, and their characteristics and uses are also extensively explored, aiming to provide a guide for future developments in the field.

Published
2024
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35. Chemical Investigation of the Mediterranean Sponge Crambe crambe by UHPLC-HRMS/MS via Manual and Computational Dereplication Approaches

Author

Pinelopi Vlachou, Nikolaos Tsafantakis, Nikola Milic, Alexandros Polyzois, Eirini Baira, Aikaterini Termentzi, Géraldine Le Goff, Jamal Ouazzani, and Nikolas Fokialakis

Subjects
Crambe crambe, UHPLC-HRMS/MS, dereplication, computational mass spectrometry, molecular networking, guanidine alkaloids, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The CH2Cl2-MeOH extract of the Mediterranean sponge Crambe crambe was investigated via UHPLC-HRMS/MS employing manual dereplication and in silico mass spectrometry tools. A deconvolution approach was implemented for the extensive metabolic characterization of the sample, resulting in the annotation of 53 compounds. The analysis of data-dependent HRMS/MS scans was conducted to establish fragmentation patterns characteristic of each crambescin A, B, and C sub-families. Among the 39 compounds identified from these groups, 22 analogues were reported for the first time including 4 new homologous series that differed by the ratio of methylene units in the upper (n + 2) and lower (m + 2) alkyl side chains. More specifically, crambescins presenting m = 5 or 6 and n = 5 (compounds 7, 11, 22 and 24) as well as m = 5 or 6 and n = 4 (compounds 5, 6, 8, 9, 12 and 14) were characterized. Additionally, four new features, potentially corresponding to new crambescidin analogues (compounds 13, 15, 35, and 39), were also reported. The identity of the dereplicated features was further validated by studying crambescins’ spectral similarities through a feature-based molecular networking approach. Overall, this study suggests UHPLC-HRMS/MS—through the integration of manual and computational dereplication approaches—as a valuable tool for the investigation and high-throughput characterization of the C. crambe metabolome.

Published
2024
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36. Microaggressions and Psychosocial Adjustment among Greek University Students with Disabilities

Author

Andreou, Eleni, Psyllou, Agoritsa, Vlachou, Anastasia, Fyssa, Aristea, and Saridaki, Maria

Abstract

This study investigated differences in experiences of microaggressions between students with different characteristics (type, visibility, severity, and onset of impairment) and associations between the occurrence of microaggressions and specific psychological dimensions, such as stress, depression, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. It also examined how the afore-mentioned psychological factors and microaggressions contribute to students' adjustment to university. Eighty-nine (89) university students with disabilities (USwDs) completed a series of six questionnaires: the Ableist Microaggression Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the College Adaptation Questionnaire. University students with visual and mobility impairments reported higher levels of ableist microaggressions than those with medical/chronic conditions, while students with visible impairments seemed to experience more ableist microaggressions than their university peers with non-visible impairments. Microaggressive experiences were found to be associated with increased levels of depression and stress as well as having negative consequences for disabled students' self-esteem and life satisfaction. Students' overall adaptation to university was predicted by a high level of life satisfaction, low level of depression, and limited experience of microaggressions related to otherization. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for USwDs' adjustment.

Published
2021

38. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)

Author

Lipp, Markus, primary, Bessy, Catherine, additional, Cannavan, Andrew, additional, Dupouy, Eleonora, additional, Fattori, Vittorio, additional, Kopko, Christine, additional, Lejeune, Jeffrey, additional, Mukherjee, Keya, additional, Ferreira, Jorge Pinto, additional, Schulz, Dirk, additional, Vlachou, Angeliki, additional, and Zhou, Kang, additional

Published
2024
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40. Enfortumab vedotin–related cutaneous toxicity correlates with overall survival in patients with urothelial cancer: a retrospective experience

Author

Evangelia Vlachou, Burles Avner Johnson, David McConkey, Yuezhou Jing, Andres Matoso, Noah M. Hahn, and Jean Hoffman-Censits

Subjects
advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer, bladder cancer, cutaneous adverse events, disease response, enfortumab vedotin (EV), overall survival (OS), Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

IntroductionEnfortumab vedotin (EV) is an antibody drug conjugate approved for advanced urothelial cancer, consisting of a monomethyl auristatin E payload linked to a human monoclonal antibody targeting nectin-4. No validated biomarker predictive of or correlated with response exists for EV. Cutaneous toxicity is among the most common EV-related toxicities and typically emerges in early cycles. This retrospective experience of patients with urothelial cancer treated with EV monotherapy evaluated whether EV-related cutaneous toxicity correlated with improved outcomes including progression-free (PFS) and overall (OS) survival and overall response rate (ORR).Patients and methodsPatients treated with EV monotherapy at Johns Hopkins were identified, and baseline characteristics, treatment, and toxicity details were extracted through chart review. Univariable Cox hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for assessing the effect of baseline patient characteristics and cutaneous toxicity in PFS and OS. Based on the univariable analysis and known risk factors, all subsequent analyses were adjusted for: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, visceral metastases at baseline, gender as well as EV dose, and weight to account for dosing differences. Multivariable Cox proportional HRs were used for comparing PFS and OS between patients with and without cutaneous toxicity, assessing toxicity and EV dose as a time-dependent variables. Adjusted p-values were calculated to compare ORR and disease control rate (DCR) between groups using the Poisson regression model.ResultsOf the 78 patients analyzed, 42 (53.8%) experienced EV-related cutaneous toxicity that appeared early during treatment (median time to occurrence 0.5 months from EV initiation). Cutaneous toxicity correlated with significantly improved OS [HR, 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.25, 0.9; P = 0.0235], ORR (68.3% vs. 20.7%, P = 0.0033) and DCR (82.9% vs. 48.3%, P = 0.0122). Median PFS was numerically longer in the cutaneous toxicity group (6.3 vs. 1.7 months), although no significance was achieved in the multivariable analysis (HR, 0.62; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.108; P = 0.0925).ConclusionIn this retrospective study, EV-related cutaneous toxicity was associated with improved patient outcomes. Confirming this observation and understanding its mechanism could lead to discovery of a new clinical biomarker of EV response that can emerge in the first cycle.

Published
2024
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41. Smart buildings with legacy equipment: A case study on energy savings and cost reduction through an IoT platform in Ireland and Greece

Author

Aristotelis Ntafalias, Panagiotis Papadopoulos, Alfonso P. Ramallo-González, Antonio F. Skarmeta-Gómez, Juan Sánchez-Valverde, Maria C. Vlachou, Rafael Marín-Pérez, Alfredo Quesada-Sánchez, Fergal Purcell, and Stephen Wright

Subjects
Machine learning, Smart buildings, Legacy equipment, Energy consumption reduction, Internet of things, Technology
Abstract

The increasing need for energy efficiency and sustainability as made reducing energy consumption in buildings a top priority. Information and communication technologies (ICT) have been proven to be an effective tool in achieving this goal. However, many legacy appliances in commercial and residential buildings are energy-intensive and not connected, making their replacement with new, more efficient models a significant upfront cost. In this paper, a solution is presented that integrates legacy equipment such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and other services into a new internet of things (IoT) platform that can integrate machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify the most effective way of achieving a variety of low-energy goals. Through this platform, features such as flexibility services are enabled, allowing energy cost reduction and other beneficial results. The solution has been tested in real demonstration sites in Ireland, and Greece, considering the specific challenges in each country. The Irish demonstration sites showcased the ability to manage a water heater in a residential building and a CHP unit in a commercial one, resulting in energy consumption reductions of up to 39% and 61%, respectively. In the Greek demonstration sites, the implemented solution in the residential building was able to reduce energy consumption by up to 86% during peak hours, and up to 60% overall, offering a 10% reduction in their monthly bill. In the commercial building the services provided an average of 6.9 kWh (or 4.6%) of energy savings per day leading to a 22% reduction in their monthly electricity bill.

Published
2024
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42. Soil pH, developmental stages and geographical origin differently influence the root metabolomic diversity and root-related microbial diversity of Echium vulgare from native habitats

Author

Cintia Csorba, Nebojša Rodić, Livio Antonielli, Angela Sessitsch, Angeliki Vlachou, Muhammad Ahmad, Stéphane Compant, Markus Puschenreiter, Eva M. Molin, Andreana N. Assimopoulou, and Günter Brader

Subjects
metabolome, microbiome, soil, plant, Boraginaceae, Echium, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Improved understanding of the complex interaction between plant metabolism, environmental conditions and the plant-associated microbiome requires an interdisciplinary approach: Our hypothesis in our multiomics study posited that several environmental and biotic factors have modulating effects on the microbiome and metabolome of the roots of wild Echium vulgare plants. Furthermore, we postulated reciprocal interactions between the root metabolome and microbiome. We investigated the metabolic content, the genetic variability, and the prokaryotic microbiome in the root systems of wild E. vulgare plants at rosette and flowering stages across six distinct locations. We incorporated the assessment of soil microbiomes and the measurement of selected soil chemical composition factors. Two distinct genetic clusters were determined based on microsatellite analysis without a consistent alignment with the geographical proximity between the locations. The microbial diversity of both the roots of E. vulgare and the surrounding bulk soil exhibited significant divergence across locations, varying soil pH characteristics, and within the identified plant genetic clusters. Notably, acidophilic bacteria were characteristic inhabitants of both soil and roots under acidic soil conditions, emphasizing the close interconnectedness between these compartments. The metabolome of E. vulgare significantly differed between root samples from different developmental stages, geographical locations, and soil pH levels. The developmental stage was the dominant driver of metabolome changes, with significantly higher concentrations of sugars, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and some of their precursors in rosette stage plant roots. Our study featured the complex dynamics between soil pH, plant development, geographical locations, plant genetics, plant metabolome and microbiome, shedding light on existing knowledge gaps.

Published
2024
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44. The Geopolitics of International Higher Education Prior and during COVID-19: A Decolonial Feminist Analysis

Author

Vlachou, Maria and Tlostanova, Madina

Abstract

Thinking with four non-EU academic migrants from the global South, and their experiences of working/studying or starting to work/study during the COVID-19 pandemic, we are unravelling the current geopolitics of the internationalised higher education in the global North. Our central argument is that COVID-19 has not simply affected the national and global politics of migration, including international academic migration, but it has also worked as a magnifying glass of the historically established inequalities sustained and perpetuated by physical, biomedical and epistemic borders. Most importantly, we are not following the rather obvious theoretical route of biopolitics while analysing the internationalisation of higher education in relation to the COVID-19 health crisis and migration politics. Instead, we are looking at this geo-biopolitical and epistemic assemblage through a decolonial lens. In doing so, we want to contribute with our and our interviewees' reflections to the ongoing discussion on what currently counts as 'internationalisation' in higher education, pointing out the colonial and neoliberal foundations of it, and the possibilities of aligning it with the efforts of decolonising the university.

Published
2023
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48. Early trajectories of virological and immunological biomarkers and clinical outcomes in patients admitted to hospital for COVID-19: an international, prospective cohort study

Author

Sahner, David, Tierney, John, Vogel, Susan E., Herpin, Betsey R., Smolskis, Mary C., McKay, Laura A., Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Hensely, Lisa, Lorenzo, Johsua, Mock, Rebecca, Zuckerman, Judith, Atri, Negin, Miller, Mark, Vallee, David, Chung, Lucy, Kang, Nayon, Barrett, Kevin, Adam, Stacey J., Read, Sarah, Draghia-Akli, Ruxandra, Currier, Judy, Hughes, Eric, Harrigan, Rachel H., Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Collins, Gary, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Eckroth, Kate, Engen, Nicole, Frase, Alex, Gandits, Greg, Grund, Birgit, Harrison, Merrie, Hurlbut, Nancy, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Larson, Gregg, Meger, Sue, Mistry, Shweta Sharma, Murray, Thomas, Nelson, Ray, Quan, Kien, Quan, Siu Fun, Reilly, Cavan, Siegel, Lianne, Thompson, Greg, Vock, David, Walski, Jamie, Gelijns, Annetine C., Moskowitz, Alan J., Bagiella, Emilia, Moquete, Ellen, O'Sullivan, Karen, Marks, Mary E., Accardi, Evan, Kinzel, Emily, Burris, Sarah, Bedoya, Gabriela, Gupta, Lola, Overbey, Jessica R., Santos, Milerva, Gillinov, Marc A., Miller, Marissa A., Taddei-Peters, Wendy C., Fenton, Kathleen, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Gottlieb, Robert L., Mack, Michael, Berhe, Mezgebe, Haley, Clinton, Dishner, Emma, Bettacchi, Christopher, Golden, Kevin, Duhaime, Erin, Ryan, Madison, Tallmadge, Catherine, Estrada, Lorie, Jones, Felecia, Villa, Samatha, Wang, Samatha, Robert, Raven, Coleman, Tanquinisha, Clariday, Laura, Baker, Rebecca, Hurutado-Rodriguez, Mariana, Iram, Nazia, Fresnedo, Michelle, Davis, Allyson, Leonard, Kiara, Ramierez, Noelia, Thammavong, Jon, Duque, Krizia, Turner, Emma, Fisher, Tammy, Robinson, Dianna, Ransom, Desirae, Maldonado, Nicholas, Lusk, Erica, Killian, Aaron, Palacious, Adriana, Solis, Edilia, Jerrow, Janet, Watts, Matthew, Whitacre, Heather, Cothran, Elizabeth, Smith, Peter K., Barkauskas, Christina E., Vekstein, Andrew M., Ko, Emily R., Dreyer, Grace R., Stafford, Neil, Brooks, Megan, Der, Tatyana, Witte, Marie, Gamarallage, Ruwan, Franzone, John, Ivey, Noel, Lumsden, Rebecca H., Mosaly, Nilima, Mourad, Ahmaad, Holland, Thomas L., Motta, Mary, Lane, Kathleen, McGowan, Lauren M., Stout, Jennifer, Aloor, Heather, Bragg, Kennesha M., Toledo, Barvina, McLendon-Arvik, Beth, Bussadori, Barbara, Hollister, Beth A., Griffin, Michelle, Giangiacomo, Dana M., Rodriguez, Vicente, Bokhart, Gordon, Eichman, Sharon M., Parrino, Patrick E., Spindel, Stephen, Bansal, Aditya, Baumgarten, Katherine, Hand, Johnathan, Vonderhaar, Derek, Nossaman, Bobby, Sylvia Laudun, Ames, DeAnna, Broussard, Shane, Hernandez, Nilmo, Isaac, Geralyn, Dinh, Huan, Zheng, Yiling, Tran, Sonny, McDaniel, Hunter, Crovetto, Nicolle, Perin, Emerson, Costello, Briana, Manian, Prasad, Sohail, M. Rizwan, Postalian, Alexander, Hinsu, Punit, Watson, Carolyn, Chen, James, Fink, Melyssa, Sturgis, Lydia, Walker, Kim, Mahon, Kim, Parenti, Jennifer, Kappenman, Casey, Knight, Aryn, Sturek, Jeffrey M., Barros, Andrew, Enfield, Kyle B., Kadl, Alexandra, Green, China J., Simon, Rachel M., Fox, Ashley, Thornton, Kara, Adams, Amy, Badhwar, Vinay, Sharma, Sunil, Peppers, Briana, McCarthy, Paul, Krupica, Troy, Sarwari, Arif, Reece, Rebecca, Fornaresico, Lisa, Glaze, Chad, Evans, Raquel, Di, Fang, Carlson, Shawn, Aucremanne, Tanja, Tennant, Connie, Sutton, Lisa Giblin, Buterbaugh, Sabrina, Williams, Roger, Bunner, Robin, Traverse, Jay H., Rhame, Frank, Huelster, Joshua, Kethireddy, Rajesh, Davies, Irena, Salamanca, Julianne, Majeski, Christine, Skelton, Paige, Zarambo, Maria, Sarafolean, Andrea, Bowdish, Michael E., Borok, Zea, Wald-Dickler, Noah, Hutcheon, Douglass, Towfighi, Amytis, Lee, Mary, Lewis, Meghan R., Spellberg, Brad, Sher, Linda, Sharma, Aniket, Olds, Anna P., Justino, Chris, Loxano, Edward, Romero, Chris, Leong, Janet, Rodina, Valentina, Quesada, Christine, Hamilton, Luke, Escobar, Jose, Leshnower, Brad, Bender, William, Sharifpour, Milad, Miller, Jeffrey, Farrington, Woodrow, Baio, Kim T., McBride, Mary, Fielding, Michele, Mathewson, Sonya, Porte, Kristina, Maton, Missy, Ponder, Chari, Haley, Elisabeth, Spainhour, Christine, Rogers, Susan, Tyler, Derrick, Madathil, Ronson J., Rabin, Joseph, Levine, Andrea, Saharia, Kapil, Tabatabai, Ali, Lau, Christine, Gammie, James S., Peguero, Maya-Loren, McKernan, Kimberly, Audette, Mathew, Fleischmann, Emily, Akbari, Kreshta, Lee, Myounghee, Chi, Andrew, Salehi, Hanna, Pariser, Alan, Nyguyen, Phuong Tran, Moore, Jessica, Gee, Adrienne, Vincent, Shelika, Zuckerman, Richard A., Iribarne, Alexander, Metzler, Sara, Shipman, Samantha, Johnson, Haley, Newton, Crystallee, Parr, Doug, Miller, Leslie, Schelle, Beth, McLean, Sherry, Rothbaum, Howard R., Alvarez, Michael S., Kalan, Shivam P., Germann, Heather H., Hendershot, Jennifer, Moroney, Karen, Herring, Karen, Cook, Sharri, Paul, Pam, Walker-Ignasiak, Rebecca, North, Crystal, Oldmixon, Cathryn, Ringwood, Nancy, Muzikansky, Ariela, Morse, Richard, Fitzgerald, Laura, Morin, Haley D., Brower, Roy G., Reineck, Lora A., Bienstock, Karen, Steingrub, Jay H., Hou, Peter K., Steingrub, Jay S., Tidswell, Mark A., Kozikowski, Lori-Ann, Kardos, Cynthia, DeSouza, Leslie, Romain, Sarah, Thornton-Thompson, Sherell, Talmor, Daniel, Shapiro, Nathan, Andromidas, Konstantinos, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie, Bolstad, Michael, Boyle, Katherine L., Cabrera, Payton, deVilla, Arnaldo, Ellis, Joshua C., Grafals, Ana, Hayes, Sharon, Higgins, Conor, Kurt, Lisa, Kurtzman, Nicholas, Redman, Kimberly, Rosseto, Elinita, Scaffidi, Douglas, Filbin, Michael R., Hibbert, Kathryn A., Parry, Blair, Margolin, Justin, Hillis, Brooklynn, Hamer, Rhonda, Brait, Kelsey, Beakes, Caroline, McKaig, Brenna, Kugener, Eleonore, Jones, Alan E., Galbraith, James, Nandi, Utsav, Peacock, Rebekah, Hendey, Gregory, Kangelaris, Kirsten, Ashktorab, Kimia, Gropper, Rachel, Agrawal, Anika, Yee, Kimberley J., Jauregui, Alejandra E., Zhuo, Hanjing, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Hubel, Kinsley A., Hughes, Alyssa R., Garcia, Rebekah L., Lim, George W., Chang, Steven Y., Lin, Michael Y., Vargas, Julia, Sihota, Hena, Beutler, Rebecca, Agarwal, Trisha, Wilson, Jennifer G., Vojnik, Rosemary, Perez, Cynthia, McDowell, Jordan H., Roque, Jonasel, Wang, Henry, Huebinger, Ryan M., Patel, Bela, Vidales, Elizabeth, Albertson, Timothy, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Moss, Marc A., Baduashvili, Amiran, Chauhan, Lakshmi, Douin, David J., Martinez, Flora, Finck, Lani L., Bastman, Jill, Howell, Michelle, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeffrey, Finigan, Jay, Stubenrauch, Peter, Janssen, William J., Griesmer, Christine, VerBurg, Olivia, Hyzy, Robert C., Park, Pauline K., Nelson, Kristine, McSparron, Jake I., Co, Ivan N., Wang, Bonnie R., Jimenez, Jose, Olbrich, Norman, McDonough, Kelli, Jia, Shijing, Hanna, Sinan, Gong, Michelle N., Richardson, Lynne D., Nair, Rahul, Lopez, Brenda, Amosu, Omowunmi, Offor, Obiageli, Tzehaie, Hiwet, Nkemdirim, William, Boujid, Sabah, Mosier, Jarrod M., Hypes, Cameron, Campbell, Elizabeth Salvagio, Bixby, Billie, Gilson, Boris, Lopez, Anitza, Bime, Christian, Parthasarathy, Sairam, Cano, Ariana M., Hite, R. Duncan, Terndrup, Thomas E., Wiedemann, Herbert P., Hudock, Kristin, Tanzeem, Hammad, More, Harshada, Martinkovic, Jamie, Sellers, Susan, Houston, Judy, Burns, Mary, Kiran, Simra, Roads, Tammy, Kennedy, Sarah, Duggal, Abhijit, Thiruchelvam, Nirosshan, Ashok, Kiran, King, Alexander H., Mehkri, Omar, Dugar, Siddharth, Sahoo, Debasis, Yealy, Donald M., Angus, Derek C., Weissman, Alexandra J., Vita, Tina M., Berryman, Emily, Hough, Catherine L., Khan, Akram, Krol, Olivia F., Mills, Emmanuel, Kinjal, Mistry, Briceno, Genesis, Reddy, Raju, Hubel, Kinsley, Jouzestani, Milad K., McDougal, Madeline, Deshmukh, Rupali, Johnston, Nicholas J., Robinson, Bryce H., Gundel, Staphanie J., Katsandres, Sarah C., Chen, Peter, Torbati, Sam S., Parimon, Tanyalak, Caudill, Antonina, Mattison, Brittany, Jackman, Susan E., Chen, Po-En, Bayoumi, Emad, Ojukwu, Cristabelle, Fine, Devin, Weissberg, Gwendolyn, Isip, Katherine, Choi-Kuaea, Yunhee, Mehdikhani, Shaunt, Dar, Tahir B., Fleury Augustin, Nsole Biteghe, Tran, Dana, Dukov, Jennifer Emilow, Matusov, Yuri, Choe, June, Hindoyan, Niree A., Wynter, Timothy, Pascual, Ethan, Clapham, Gregg J., Herrera, Lisa, Caudill, Antonia, O’Mahony, D. Shane, Nyatsatsang, Sonam T., Wilson, David M., Wallick, Julie A., Duven, Alexandria M., Fletcher, Dakota D., Miller, Chadwick, Files, D. Clark, Gibbs, Kevin W., Flores, Lori S., LaRose, Mary E., Landreth, Leigha D., Palacios, D. Rafael, Parks, Lisa, Hicks, Madeline, Goodwin, Andrew J., Kilb, Edward F., Lematty, Caitlan T., Patti, Kerilyn, Grady, Abigail, Rasberry, April, Morris, Peter E., Sturgill, Jamie L., Cassity, Evan P., Dhar, Sanjay, Montgomery-Yates, Ashley A., Pasha, Sarah N., Mayer, Kirby P., Pharm.D., Brittany Bissel, Trott, Terren, Rehman, Shahnaz, de Wit, Marjolein, Mason, Jessica, Bledsoe, Joseph, Knowlton, Kirk U., Brown, Samuel, Lanspa, Michael, Leither, Lindsey, Pelton, Ithan, Armbruster, Brent P., Montgomery, Quinn, Kumar, Naresh, Fergus, Melissa, Imel, Karah, Palmer, Ghazal, Webb, Brandon, Klippel, Carolyn, Jensen, Hannah, Duckworth, Sarah, Gray, Andrew, Burke, Tyler, Knox, Dan, Lumpkin, Jenna, Aston, Valerie T., Applegate, Darrin, Serezlic, Erna, Brown, Katie, Merril, Mardee, Harris, Estelle S., Middleton, Elizabeth A., Barrios, Macy A.G., Greer, Jorden, Schmidt, Amber D., Webb, Melissa K., Paine, Roert, Callahan, Sean J., Waddoups, Lindsey J., Yamane, Misty B., Self, Wesley H., Rice, Todd W., Casey, Jonathan D., Johnson, Jakea, Gray, Christopher, Hays, Margaret, Roth, Megan, Menon, Vidya, Kasubhai, Moiz, Pillai, Anjana, Daniel, Jean, Sittler, Daniel, Kanna, Balavenkatesh, Jilani, Nargis, Amaro, Francisco, Santana, Jessica, Lyakovestsky, Aleksandr, Madhoun, Issa, Desroches, Louis Marie, Amadon, Nicole, Bahr, Alaa, Ezzat, Imaan, Guerrero, Maryanne, Padilla, Joane, Fullmer, Jessie, Singh, Inderpreet, Ali Shah, Syed Hamad, Narang, Rajeev, Mock, Polly, Shadle, Melissa, Hernandez, Brenda, Welch, Kevin, Payne, Andrea, Ertl, Gabriela, Canario, Daniel, Barrientos, Isabel, Goss, Danielle, DeVries, Mattie, Folowosele, Ibidolapo, Garner, Dorothy, Gomez, Mariana, Price, Justin, Bansal, Ekta, Wong, Jim, Faulhaber, Jason, Fazili, Tasaduq, Yeary, Brian, Ndolo, Ruth, Bryant, Christina, Smigeil, Bridgette, Robinson, Philip, Najjar, Rana, Jones, Patrice, Nguyen, Julie, Chin, Christina, Taha, Hassan, Najm, Salah, Smith, Christopher, Moore, Jason, Nassar, Talal, Gallinger, Nick, Christian, Amy, Mauer, D’Amber, Phipps, Ashley, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Landazuri, Rosalynn, Pineda, Jacob, Uribe, Nicole, Garcia, Jose Ruiz, Barbabosa, Cecilia, Sandler, Kaitlyn, Overcash, J. Scott, Marquez, Adrienna, Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, Quillin, Kimberly, Garcia, Andrea, Lew, Pauline, Rogers, Ralph, Shehadeh, Fadi, Mylona, Evangelia K., Kaczynski, Matthew, Tran, Quynh-Lam, Benitez, Gregorio, Mishra, Biswajit, Felix, Lewis Oscar, Vafea, Maria Tsikala, Atalla, Eleftheria, Davies, Robin, Hedili, Salma, Monkeberg, Maria Andrea, Tabler, Sandra, Harrington, Britt, Meegada, Sreenath, Koripalli, Venkata Sandeep, Muddana, Prithvi, Jain, Lakshay, Undavalli, Chaitanya, Kavya, Parasa, Ibiwoye, Mofoluwaso, Akilo, Hameed, Lovette, Bryce D., Wylie, Jamie-Crystal, Smith, Diana M., Poon, Kenneth, Eckardt, Paula, Heysu, Rubio-Gomez, Sundararaman, Nithya, Alaby, Doris, Sareli, Candice, Sánchez, Adriana, Popielski, Laura, Kambo, Amy, Viens, Kimberley, Turner, Melissa, Vjecha, Michael J., Weintrob, Amy, Brar, Indira, Markowitz, Norman, Pastor, Erika, Corpuz, Roweena, Alangaden, George, McKinnon, John, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Yared, Nicholas, Lanfranco, Odaliz Abreu, Rivers, Emanuel, Swiderek, Jennifer, Gupta, Ariella Hodari, Pabla, Pardeep, Eliya, Sonia, Jazrawi, Jehan, Delor, Jeremy, Desai, Mona, Cook, Aaron, Jaehne, Anja Kathrina, Gill, Jasreen Kaur, Renaud, Sheri, Sarveswaran, Siva, Gardner, Edward, Scott, James, Bianchini, Monica, Melvin, Casey, Kim, Gina, Wyles, David, Kamis, Kevin, Miller, Rachel, Douglas, Ivor, Haukoos, Jason, Hicks, Carrie, Lazarte, Susana, Marines-Price, Rubria, Osuji, Alice, Agbor Agbor, Barbine Tchamba, Petersen, Tianna, Kamel, Dena, Hansen, Laura, Garcia, Angie, Cha, Christine, Mozaffari, Azadeh, Hernandez, Rosa, Cutrell, James, Kim, Mina, DellaValle, Natalie, Gonzales, Sonia, Somboonwit, Charurut, Oxner, Asa, Guerra, Lucy, Hayes, Michael, Nguyen, Thi, Tran, Thanh, Pinto, Avenette, Hatlen, Timothy, Anderson, Betty, Zepeda-Gutierrez, Ana, Martin, Dannae, Temblador, Cindi, Cuenca, Avon, Tanoviceanu, Roxanne, Prieto, Martha, Guerrero, Mario, Daar, Eric, Correa, Ramiro, Hartnell, Gabe, Wortmann, Glenn, Doshi, Saumil, Moriarty, Theresa, Gonzales, Melissa, Garman, Kristin, Baker, Jason V., Frosch, Anne, Goldsmith, Rachael, Driver, Brian, Frank, Christine, Leviton, Tzivia, Prekker, Matthew, Jibrell, Hodan, Lo, Melanie, Klaphake, Jonathan, Mackedanz, Shari, Ngo, Linh, Garcia-Myers, Kelly, Kunisaki, Ken M., Wendt, Chris, Melzer, Anne, Wetherbee, Erin, Drekonja, Dimitri, Pragman, Alexa, Hamel, Aimee, Thielen, Abbie, Hassler, Miranda, Walquist, Mary, Augenbraun, Michael, George, Jensen, Demeo, Lynette, Mishko, Motria, Thomas, Lorraine, Tatem, Luis, Dehovitz, Jack, Abassi, Mahsa, Leuck, Anne-Marie, Rao, Via, Pullen, Matthew, Luke, Darlette, LaBar, Derek, Christiansen, Theresa, Howard, Diondra, Biswas, Kousick, Harrington, Cristin, Garcia, Amanda, Bremer, Tammy, Burke, Tara, Koker, Brittany, Davis-Karim, Anne, Pittman, David, Vasudeva, Shikha S., Johnstone, Jaylynn R., Agnetti, Kate, Davis, Ruby, Trautner, Barbara, Hines-Munson, Casey, Van, John, Dillon, Laura, Wang, Yiqun, Nagy-Agren, Stephanie, Vasudeva, Shikha, Ochalek, Tracy, Caldwell, Erin, Humerickhouse, Edward, Boone, David, McGraw, William, Looney, David J., Mehta, Sanjay R., Johns, Scott Thompson, St. John, Melissa, Raceles, Jacqueline, Sear, Emily, Funk, Stephen, Cesarini, Rosa, Fang, Michelle, Nicalo, Keith, Drake, Wonder, Jones, Beatrice, Holtman, Teresa, Nguyen, Hien H., Maniar, Archana, Johnson, Eric A., Nguyen, Lam, Tran, Michelle T., Barrett, Thomas W., Johnston, Tera, Huggins, John T., Beiko, Tatsiana Y., Hughes, Heather Y., McManigle, William C., Tanner, Nichole T., Washburn, Ronald G., Ardelt, Magdalena, Tuohy, Patricia A., Mixson, Jennifer L., Hinton, Charles G., Thornley, Nicola, Allen, Heather, Elam, Shannon, Boatman, Barry, Baber, Brittany J., Ryant, Rudell, Roller, Brentin, Nguyen, Chinh, Mikail, Amani Morgan, Research, Marivic Hansen, Lichtenberger, Paola, Baracco, Gio, Ramos, Carol, Bjork, Lauren, Sueiro, Melyssa, Tien, Phyllis, Freasier, Heather, Buck, Theresa, Nekach, Hafida, Holodniy, Mark, Chary, Aarthi, Lu, Kan, Peters, 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Hadijah, Nanyunja, Regina, Irene, Muttiibwa, Jane, Biira, Wimfred, Kyobejja, Leonard, Ssemazzi, Deus, Tkiinomuhisha, Babra, Namasaba, Taire, Paul, Nabankema, Evelyn, Ogavu, Joseph, Mugerwa, Oscar, Okoth, Ivan, Mwebaze, Raymond, Mugabi, Timothy, Makhoba, Anthony, Arikiriza, Phiona, Theresa, Nabuuma, Nakayima, Hope, Frank, Kisuule, Ramgi, Patrícia, Pereira, Kássia, Osinusi, Anu, Cao, Huyen, Klekotka, Paul, Price, Karen, Nirula, Ajay, Osei, Suzette, Tipple, Craig, Wills, Angela, Peppercorn, Amanda, Watson, Helen, Gupta, Rajesh, Alexander, Elizabeth, Mogalian, Erik, Lin, Leo, Ding, Xiao, Margolis, David, Yan, Li, Girardet, Jean-Luc, Ma, Ji, Hong, Zhi, Zhu, Quing, Seegobin, Seth, Gibbs, Michael, Latchman, Mickel, Hasior, Katarzyna, Bouquet, Jerome, Wei, Jianxin, Streicher, Katie, Schmelzer, Albert, Brooks, Dennis, Butcher, Jonny, Tonev, Dimitar, Arbetter, Douglas, Damstetter, Philippe, Legenne, Philippe, Stumpp, Michael, Goncalves, Susana, Ramanathan, Krishnan, Chandra, Richa, Baseler, Beth, Teitelbaum, Marc, Schechner, Adam, Holley, H. 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