162 results on '"Vivien Chen"'
Search Results
2. Characterization of accelerated approval status, trial endpoints and results, and recommendations in guidelines for oncology drug treatments from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: cross sectional study
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Joseph S Ross, Joshua D Wallach, Reshma Ramachandran, Vivien Chen, Maryam Mooghali, Aaron P Mitchell, and Joshua J Skydel
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Medicine - Abstract
Objectives To evaluate National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guideline recommendations for oncology drug treatments that have been granted accelerated approval, and to determine whether recommendations are updated based on the results of confirmatory trials after approval and based on status updates from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).Design Cross sectional study.Setting US FDA and NCCN guidelines.Population Oncology therapeutic indications (ie, specific oncological conditions for which the drug is recommended) that have been granted accelerated approval in 2009-18.Main outcome measures NCCN guideline reporting of accelerated approval status and postapproval confirmatory trials, and guideline recommendation alignment with postapproval confirmatory trial results and FDA status updates.Results 39 oncology drug treatments were granted accelerated approval for 62 oncological indications. Although all indications were recommended in NCCN guidelines, accelerated approval status was reported for 10 (16%) indications. At least one postapproval confirmatory trial was identified for all 62 indications, 33 (53%) of which confirmed benefit; among these indications, NCCN guidelines maintained the previous recommendation or strengthened the category of evidence for 27 (82%). Postapproval confirmatory trials failed to confirm benefit for 12 (19%) indications; among these indications, NCCN guidelines removed the previous recommendation or weakened the category of evidence for five (42%). NCCN guidelines reflected the FDA's decision to convert 30 (83%) of 36 indications from accelerated to traditional approval, of which 20 (67%) had guideline updates before the FDA's conversion decision. NCCN guidelines reflected the FDA's decision to withdraw seven (58%) of 12 indications from the market, of which four (57%) had guidelines updates before the FDA's withdrawal decision.Conclusions NCCN guidelines always recommend drug treatments that have been granted accelerated approval for oncological indications, but do not provide information about their accelerated approval status, including surrogate endpoint use and status of postapproval confirmatory trials. NCCN guidelines consistently provide information on postapproval trial results confirming clinical benefit, but not on postapproval trials failing to confirm clinical benefit. NCCN guidelines more frequently update recommendation for indications converted to traditional approval than for those approvals that were withdrawn.
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- 2024
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3. To adjust or not to adjust: it is not the tests performed that count, but how they are reported and interpreted
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Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Sabine Hoffmann, and Vivien Chen
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Medicine - Published
- 2024
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4. The utility of flow cytometric platelet forward scatter as an alternative to mean platelet volume
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David Connor, David Rabbolini, Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp, Kate Fixter, Dea Donikian, Mayuku Kondo, Onki Chan, Susan Jarvis, Walter Chen, Timothy Brighton, Vivien Chen, Christopher Ward, and Joanne Joseph
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flow cytometry ,forward scatter ,inherited platelet function disorder ,inherited platelet number disorder ,mean platelet diameter ,platelets ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
The use of mean platelet diameter (MPD) to classify inherited thrombocytopenia (IT) has been demonstrated in several studies. Alternatively, the mean platelet volume (MPV) may be used, but in macrothrombocytopenia this may not be available. We hypothesized that platelet forward scatter (FSC) measurements using flow cytometry may be used for the size-based classification of IT. The study aimed to assess the ability of platelet FSC to measure platelet size and whether it could be used as an alternative to the MPD or MPV. Blood samples were obtained from individuals undergoing investigation for inherited platelet function disorders (IPFD, n = 40) or platelet number disorders (IPND, n = 46). A hematology analyzer was used to obtain MPV and platelet counts, flow cytometry to measure platelet FSC and ImageJ software to measure MPD from stained blood smears. The International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) Bleeding Assessment Tool (BAT) was used to calculate bleeding scores. Twenty-nine(63%) of IPND patients had an MPV that could not be reported. A significant correlation to platelet FSC was found to the MPD (p
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- 2022
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5. Treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in Australian adults: A multicenter retrospective observational study
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Adam Rosenberg, Catelyn Cashion, Fariya Ali, Harini Haran, Raaj K. Biswas, Vivien Chen, Helen Crowther, Jennifer Curnow, Elyssa Deakin, Chee‐Wee Tan, Yi Ling Tan, Andrew Vanlint, Christopher M. Ward, Robert Bird, and David J. Rabbolini
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Australia ,idiopathic ,immunosuppression ,observational study ,purpura ,therapy ,Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs ,RC633-647.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background In Australia, prescribing restrictions limit access to internationally recommended second‐line therapies such as rituximab and thrombopoietin agonists (TPO‐A) (eltrombopag and romiplostim). Subsequent lines of therapy include an array of immunosuppressive and immune‐modulating agents directed by drug availability and physician and patient preference. Objectives The objective of the study was to describe the use of first and subsequent lines of treatment for adult immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in Australia and to assess their effectiveness and tolerability. Patients/Methods A retrospective review of medical records was conducted of 322 patients treated for ITP at eight participating centers in Australia between 2013 and 2020. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and frequency distribution using pivot tables, and comparisons between centers were assessed using paired t tests. Results Mean age at diagnosis of ITP was 48.8 years (standard deviation [SD], 22.6) and 58.3% were women. Primary ITP was observed in 72% and secondary ITP in 28% of the patients; 95% of patients received first‐line treatment with prednisolone (76%), dexamethasone (15%), or intravenous immunoglobulin (48%) alone or in combination. Individuals with secondary ITP were less steroid dependent (72% vs. 76%) and required less treatment with a second‐line agent (47% vs. 58%) in the study sample. Over half (56%) of the cohort received treatment with one or more second‐line agents. The mean number of second‐line agents used for each patient was 1.9 (SD, 1.2). The most used second‐line therapy was rituximab, followed by etrombopag and splenectomy. These also generated the highest rates of complete response (60.3%, 72.1%, and 71.8% respectively). The most unfavorable side effect profiles were seen in long‐term corticosteroids and splenectomy. Conclusion A wide range of “second‐line” agents were used across centers with variable response rates and side effect profiles. Findings suggest greater effectiveness of rituximab and TPO‐A, supporting their use earlier in the treatment course of patients with ITP across Australia.
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- 2022
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6. Mosaic TP63 variant and associated ectodermal dysplasia features
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Vivien Chen, BS, Naiem Issa, MD, PhD, and Fernanda Bellodi Schmidt, MD
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DNA copy number variations ,ectodermal dysplasia ,mosaicism ,transcription factors ,Dermatology ,RL1-803 - Published
- 2021
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7. Influence of landscape management practices on urban greenhouse gas budgets
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Wiley J. Hundertmark, Marissa Lee, Ian A. Smith, Ashley H. Y. Bang, Vivien Chen, Conor K. Gately, Pamela H. Templer, and Lucy R. Hutyra
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Climate action plan ,Urban carbon cycling ,Landscaping ,Biogenic fluxes ,Soil respiration ,Nature-based solution ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Background With a lack of United States federal policy to address climate change, cities, the private sector, and universities have shouldered much of the work to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine how landcover characteristics influence the amount of carbon (C) sequestered and respired via biological processes, evaluating the role of land management on the overall C budget of an urban university. Boston University published a comprehensive Climate Action Plan in 2017 with the goal of achieving C neutrality by 2040. In this study, we digitized and discretized each of Boston University’s three urban campuses into landcover types, with C sequestration and respiration rates measured and scaled to provide a University-wide estimate of biogenic C fluxes within the broader context of total University emissions. Results Each of Boston University’s three highly urban campuses were net sources of biogenic C to the atmosphere. While trees were estimated to sequester 0.6 ± 0.2 kg C m−2 canopy cover year−1, mulch and lawn areas in 2018 emitted C at rates of 1.7 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1 and 1.4 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1, respectively. C uptake by tree canopy cover, which can spatially overlap lawn and mulched landcovers, was not large enough to offset biogenic emissions. The proportion of biogenic emissions to Scope 1 anthropogenic emissions on each campus varied from 0.5% to 2%, and depended primarily on the total anthropogenic emissions on each campus. Conclusions Our study quantifies the role of urban landcover in local C budgets, offering insights on how landscaping management strategies—such as decreasing mulch application rates and expanding tree canopy extent—can assist universities in minimizing biogenic C emissions and even potentially creating a small biogenic C sink. Although biogenic C fluxes represent a small fraction of overall anthropogenic emissions on urban university campuses, these biogenic fluxes are under active management by the university and should be included in climate action plans.
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- 2021
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8. Corrigendum: Staphylococcus epidermidis Boosts Innate Immune Response by Activation of Gamma Delta T Cells and Induction of Perforin-2 in Human Skin
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Irena Pastar, Katelyn O’Neill, Laura Padula, Cheyanne R. Head, Jamie L. Burgess, Vivien Chen, Denisse Garcia, Olivera Stojadinovic, Suzanne Hower, Gregory V. Plano, Seth R. Thaller, Marjana Tomic-Canic, and Natasa Strbo
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perforin-2/mpeg-1 ,human skin ,innate immunity ,Staphylococcus epidermidis ,gamma delta T cells ,cytotoxicity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Published
- 2021
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9. Staphylococcus epidermidis Boosts Innate Immune Response by Activation of Gamma Delta T Cells and Induction of Perforin-2 in Human Skin
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Irena Pastar, Katelyn O’Neill, Laura Padula, Cheyanne R. Head, Jamie L. Burgess, Vivien Chen, Denisse Garcia, Olivera Stojadinovic, Suzanne Hower, Gregory V. Plano, Seth R. Thaller, Marjana Tomic-Canic, and Natasa Strbo
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perforin-2/mpeg-1 ,human skin ,innate immunity ,Staphylococcus epidermidis ,gamma delta T cells ,cytotoxicity ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Perforin-2 (P-2) is an antimicrobial protein with unique properties to kill intracellular bacteria. Gamma delta (GD) T cells, as the major T cell population in epithelial tissues, play a central role in protective and pathogenic immune responses in the skin. However, the tissue-specific mechanisms that control the innate immune response and the effector functions of GD T cells, especially the cross-talk with commensal organisms, are not very well understood. We hypothesized that the most prevalent skin commensal microorganism, Staphylococcus epidermidis, may play a role in regulating GD T cell-mediated cutaneous responses. We analyzed antimicrobial protein P-2 expression in human skin at a single cell resolution using an amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization approach to detect P-2 mRNA in combination with immunophenotyping. We show that S. epidermidis activates GD T cells and upregulates P-2 in human skin ex vivo in a cell-specific manner. Furthermore, P-2 upregulation following S. epidermidis stimulation correlates with increased ability of skin cells to kill intracellular Staphylococcus aureus. Our findings are the first to reveal that skin commensal bacteria induce P-2 expression, which may be utilized beneficially to modulate host innate immune responses and protect from skin infections.
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- 2020
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10. Genomics of Human Fibrotic Diseases: Disordered Wound Healing Response
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Rivka C. Stone, Vivien Chen, Jamie Burgess, Sukhmani Pannu, and Marjana Tomic-Canic
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fibrosis ,genomics ,genome-wide association study ,transcriptome ,wound healing ,keloid ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Fibrotic disease, which is implicated in almost half of all deaths worldwide, is the result of an uncontrolled wound healing response to injury in which tissue is replaced by deposition of excess extracellular matrix, leading to fibrosis and loss of organ function. A plethora of genome-wide association studies, microarrays, exome sequencing studies, DNA methylation arrays, next-generation sequencing, and profiling of noncoding RNAs have been performed in patient-derived fibrotic tissue, with the shared goal of utilizing genomics to identify the transcriptional networks and biological pathways underlying the development of fibrotic diseases. In this review, we discuss fibrosing disorders of the skin, liver, kidney, lung, and heart, systematically (1) characterizing the initial acute injury that drives unresolved inflammation, (2) identifying genomic studies that have defined the pathologic gene changes leading to excess matrix deposition and fibrogenesis, and (3) summarizing therapies targeting pro-fibrotic genes and networks identified in the genomic studies. Ultimately, successful bench-to-bedside translation of observations from genomic studies will result in the development of novel anti-fibrotic therapeutics that improve functional quality of life for patients and decrease mortality from fibrotic diseases.
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- 2020
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11. Recent Productivity Developments in the World Economy: An Overview from The Conference Board Total Economy Database
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Vivien Chen, Abhay Gupta, Andre Therrien, Gad Levanon, and Bart van Ark
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tfp ,labour productivity ,Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 - Abstract
The recession left its mark on global productivity, which fell in 2009. The productivity growth differential between the United States and Europe increased dramatically in 2009. Average long-term growth of labour productivity in advanced economies has stalled since 2000. The gradual improvement in world productivity is due to emerging and developing economies. In particular the long-term increase in TFP growth reflects a strengthening of the efficiency with which emerging and developing economies use labour and capital in productive economic activity.
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- 2010
12. ALMA Survey of Orion Planck Galactic Cold Clumps (ALMASOP): A Forming Quadruple System with Continuum “Ribbons' and Intricate Outflows
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Qiu-yi Luo, Tie Liu, Aaron T. Lee, Stella S. R. Offner, James di Francesco, Doug Johnstone, Mika Juvela, Paul F. Goldsmith, Sheng-Li Qin, Xiaofeng Mai, Xun-chuan Liu, Patricio Sanhueza, Feng-Wei Xu, Ken’ichi Tatematsu, Somnath Dutta, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Shanghuo Li, Aiyuan Yang, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Chin-Fei Lee, Naomi Hirano, Chang Won Lee, Dipen Sahu, Hsien Shang, Shih-Ying Hsu, Leonardo Bronfman, Woojin Kwon, M. G. Rawlings, David Eden, Xing Lu, Qi-lao Gu, Zhiyuan Ren, D. Ward-Thompson, and Zhi-Qiang Shen
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- 2023
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13. Deviation from a Continuous and Universal Turbulence Cascade in NGC 6334 due to Massive Star Formation Activity
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Junhao 峻豪 Liu 刘, Qizhou Zhang, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Keping Qiu, Shanghuo Li, Zhi-Yun Li, Paul T. P. Ho, Josep Miquel Girart, Tao-Chung Ching, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Shih-Ping Lai, Ramprasad Rao, and Ya-wen Tang
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- 2023
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14. Multi-scale Physical Properties of NGC 6334 as Revealed by Local Relative Orientations between Magnetic Fields, Density Gradients, Velocity Gradients, and Gravity
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Junhao 峻豪 Liu 刘, Qizhou Zhang, Patrick M. Koch, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Zhi-Yun Li, Shanghuo Li, Josep Miquel Girart, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Tao-Chung Ching, Paul T. P. Ho, Shih-Ping Lai, Keping Qiu, Ramprasad Rao, and Ya-wen Tang
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- 2023
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15. Etiology, management, and outcomes of pediatric telogen effluvium: A <scp>single‐center</scp> study in the United States
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Vivien Chen, Lauren Strazzulla, Sara M. Asbeck, and Fernanda Bellodi Schmidt
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Dermatology - Abstract
Telogen effluvium (TE) is a diffuse, rapidly occurring non-scarring alopecia that can be a significant source of distress for patients and caregivers. To date, the disorder has not been extensively studied in a US pediatric patient population. This study aims to characterize the epidemiology, management, and disease course of pediatric TE.A retrospective single-center analysis was conducted at the University of Miami including pediatric medical records from 2009 to 2021 with at least one clinic visit coded with the diagnosis of TE.76 patients presented with a wide range of age at onset and hair loss duration. 67% of patients (n = 51) had an identified trigger, the most common being emotional stress and acute febrile illness, followed by nutritional deficiencies (specifically iron, ferritin, and vitamin D). Observation was the most common therapeutic approach. Of patients who had a follow-up evaluation (39%), different treatments resulted in similar rates of improvement.The results of this study demonstrate the variability in potential TE triggers, physical exam findings, and management in children, similar to what is currently observed and practiced in adult patients. Appropriate work-up for common triggers should be included during the initial visit. Greater evidence-based treatment approaches are needed for pediatric TE.
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- 2022
16. A pilot study assessing the implementation of 96-well plate-based aggregometry (Optimul) in Australia
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Hannah Hsu, Melissa V. Chan, Paul C. Armstrong, Marilena Crescente, Dea Donikian, Mayuko Kondo, Timothy Brighton, Vivien Chen, Qiang Chen, David Connor, Joanne Joseph, Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp, William S. Stevenson, Christopher Ward, Timothy D. Warner, and David J. Rabbolini
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Aspirin ,Platelet Aggregation ,Platelet Function Tests ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ,Humans ,Pilot Projects ,Blood Platelet Disorders ,Clopidogrel ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine - Abstract
Identification of disordered platelet function is important to guide peri-operative bleeding management as well as long term treatment and prognostic strategies in individuals with platelet bleeding disorders. Light transmission aggregometry (LTA), the current gold standard diagnostic test of platelet function is a time consuming technique almost exclusively performed in specialised laboratories and almost universally unavailable in regional centres in Australia, where there is an unmet need for access to specialised platelet function diagnostic services. 96-well plate-based aggregometry (Optimul, UK), has been utilised in research laboratories as a novel platform to investigate platelet function. We evaluated the Optimul assay at two centres in Australia, one regional and one tertiary metropolitan, to assess its feasibility as a screening test applicable to remote regional centres. Concentration-response curves were established from 45 healthy volunteers at the participating regional hospital and from 31 healthy volunteers at the tertiary institution. Optimul successfully detected anti-platelet effects in individuals taking aspirin (n=4), NSAID (n=2), clopidogrel (n=2) and dual therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel (n=1). When tested in parallel to LTA in individuals referred for the evaluation of abnormal bleeding symptoms there was overall a very good level of agreement between Optimul and LTA [Cohen's kappa (k
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- 2022
17. Development and implementation of venous thromboembolism stewardship across a hospital network.
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Julianne Chong, Colin Curtain, Fady Gad, Freda Passam, Garry Soo, Russell Levy, Scott Dunkley, Nicole Wong Doo, Michelle Cunich, Rosemary Burke, and Vivien Chen
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- 2021
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18. Deviation from a Continuous and Universal Turbulence Cascade in NGC 6334 due to Massive Star Formation Activity
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Junhao Liu, Qizhou Zhang, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Keping Qiu, Shanghuo Li, Zhi-Yun Li, Paul T. P. Ho, Josep Miquel Girart, Tao-Chung Ching, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Shih-Ping Lai, Ramprasad Rao, and Ya-wen Tang
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) - Abstract
We use molecular line data from ALMA, SMA, JCMT, and NANTEN2 to study the multi-scale ($\sim$15-0.005 pc) velocity statistics in the massive star formation region NGC 6334. We find that the non-thermal motions revealed by the velocity dispersion function (VDF) stay supersonic over scales of several orders of magnitudes. The multi-scale non-thermal motions revealed by different instruments do not follow the same continuous power-law, which is because the massive star formation activities near central young stellar objects have increased the non-thermal motions in small-scale and high-density regions. The magnitudes of VDFs vary in different gas materials at the same scale, where the infrared dark clump N6334S in an early evolutionary stage shows a lower level of non-thermal motions than other more evolved clumps due to its more quiescent star formation activity. We find possible signs of small-scale-driven (e.g., by gravitational accretion or outflows) supersonic turbulence in clump N6334IV with a three-point VDF analysis. Our results clearly show that the scaling relation of velocity fields in NGC 6334 deviates from a continuous and universal turbulence cascade due to massive star formation activities., 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Published in ApJ
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- 2023
19. Understanding vaccine‐induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT)
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Caroline Dix, James McFadyen, Angela Huang, Sanjeev Chunilal, Vivien Chen, and Huyen Tran
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Coronavirus ,Vaccines ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Internal Medicine ,Anticoagulants ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Thrombosis ,Platelet Factor 4 ,Thrombocytopenia - Abstract
Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare, but serious, syndrome characterised by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, a markedly raised D-dimer and the presence of anti-platelet factor-4 (PF4) antibodies following COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccination. VITT occurs at a rate of approximately 2 per 100 000 first-dose vaccinations and appears exceedingly rare following second doses. Our current understanding of VITT pathogenesis is based on the observations that patients with VITT have antibodies that bind to PF4 and have the ability to form immune complexes that induce potent platelet activation. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to pathogenic VITT antibody development remain a source of active investigation. Thrombosis in VITT can manifest in any vascular bed and affect multiple sites simultaneously. While there is a predilection for splanchnic and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, VITT also commonly presents with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pillars of management include anticoagulation with a non-heparin anticoagulant, intravenous immunoglobulin and 'rescue' therapies, such as plasma exchange for severe cases. VITT can be associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity, but awareness and optimal therapy have significantly improved outcomes in Australia. A number of questions remain unanswered, including why VITT is so rare, reasons for the predilection for thrombosis in unusual sites, how long pathological antibodies persist, and the optimal duration of anticoagulation. This review will provide an overview of the presentation, diagnostic workup and management strategies for patients with VITT.
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- 2022
20. Photodocumentation in skin of color
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Vivien Chen, Flor Mayoral, Shifa Akhtar, and Latanya Benjamin
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integumentary system ,genetic structures ,business.industry ,Light skin ,Dark skin ,Skin Pigmentation ,Dermatology ,Skin Diseases ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Educational resources ,Photography ,Dermatologic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Optometry ,sense organs ,business ,Skin - Abstract
Photodocumentation is an important tool utilized across medical specialties and plays an especially pivotal role in dermatology given the visual nature of the field. Although it has been well-established that dermatologic diseases manifest differently in dark skin compared to light skin, there is under-representation of images of dark skin in dermatology textbooks and other educational resources. It is essential for dermatologists to work toward increasing the availability of images of dermatologic disease in dark skin by improving their own ability to successfully photograph dark-skinned patients. In this article, we describe our nuanced approach to photographing skin of color in regards to the ideal background type, lighting, and camera settings.
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- 2021
21. Chinese Investment in Malaysia: COVID-19, Democracy and Beyond – CORRIGENDUM
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Vivien Chen and Weitseng Chen
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Law - Published
- 2023
22. Mosaic TP63 variant and associated ectodermal dysplasia features
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Fernanda Bellodi Schmidt, Vivien Chen, and Naiem T. Issa
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DNA copy number variations ,Ectodermal dysplasia ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Case Report ,Mosaic (geodemography) ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease ,ectodermal dysplasia ,TP63, tumor protein p63 ,mosaicism ,transcription factors ,RL1-803 ,TP63 ,Medicine ,business ,ED, ectodermal dysplasia - Published
- 2021
23. Epigenetic regulation of cellular functions in wound healing
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Jamie L. Burgess, Irena Pastar, Marjana Tomic-Canic, Rivka C. Stone, Vivien Chen, Joshua S Mervis, and Jelena Marjanovic
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0301 basic medicine ,Chronic wound ,Cell type ,Cellular functions ,Dermatology ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Histones ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Epigenetics ,Molecular Biology ,Regulation of gene expression ,Wound Healing ,integumentary system ,biology ,business.industry ,RNA, Circular ,MicroRNAs ,030104 developmental biology ,Histone ,Gene Expression Regulation ,DNA methylation ,biology.protein ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Wound healing ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Stringent spatiotemporal regulation of the wound healing process involving multiple cell types is associated with epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, such as DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodelling, as well as non-coding RNAs. Here, we discuss the epigenetic changes that occur during wound healing and the rapidly expanding understanding of how these mechanisms affect healing resolution in both acute and chronic wound milieu. We provide a focussed overview of current research into epigenetic regulators that contribute to wound healing by specific cell type. We highlight the role of epigenetic regulators in the molecular pathophysiology of chronic wound conditions. The understanding of how epigenetic regulators can affect cellular functions during normal and impaired wound healing could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, and we outline questions that can provide guidance for future research on epigenetic-based interventions to promote healing. Dissecting the dynamic interplay between cellular subtypes involved in wound healing and epigenetic parameters during barrier repair will deepen our understanding of how to improve healing outcomes in patients affected by chronic non-healing wounds.
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- 2021
24. Copper affects virulence and diverse phenotypes of uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis
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Wei-Syuan Huang, Yuan-Ju Lee, Lu Wang, Hsuan- Hsuan Chen, Yueh-Jung Chao, Vivien Cheng, and Shwu-Jen Liaw
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Copper ,Virulence ,Uropathogenic P. mirabilis ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Background: Copper plays a role in urinary tract infection (UTI) and urinary copper content is increased during Proteus mirabilis UTI. We therefore investigated the effect of copper on uropathogenic P. mirabilis and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the virulence associated aspects. Methods: Mouse colonization, swarming/swimming assays, measurement of cell length, flagellin level and urease activity, adhesion/invasion assay, biofilm formation, killing by macrophages, oxidative stress susceptibility, OMPs analysis, determination of MICs and persister cell formation, RT-PCR and transcriptional reporter assay were performed. Results: We found that copper-supplemented mice were more resistant to be colonized in the urinary tract, together with decreased swarming/swimming, ureases activity, expression of type VI secretion system and adhesion/invasion to urothelial cells and increased killing by macrophages of P. mirabilis at a sublethal copper level. However, bacterial biofilm formation and resistance to oxidative stress were enhanced under the same copper level. Of note, the presence of copper led to increased ciprofloxacin MIC and more persister cell formation against ampicillin. In addition, the presence of copper altered the outer membrane protein profile and triggered expression of RcsB response regulator. For the first time, we unveiled the pleiotropic effects of copper on uropathogenic P. mirabilis, especially for induction of bacterial two-component signaling system regulating fitness and virulence. Conclusion: The finding of copper-mediated virulence and fitness reinforced the importance of copper for prevention and therapeutic interventions against P. mirabilis infections. As such, this study could facilitate the copper-based strategies against UTI by P. mirabilis.
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- 2024
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25. Novel Diagnostic Technologies and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Chronic Wound Biofilms and Microbiota
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Vivien Chen, Jamie L. Burgess, Rebecca Verpile, Marjana Tomic-Canic, and Irena Pastar
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Dermatology ,Article - Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To provide an up-to-date overview of recent developments in diagnostic methods and therapeutic approaches for chronic wound biofilms and pathogenic microbiota. RECENT FINDINGS: Biofilm infections are one of the major contributors to impaired wound healing in chronic wounds, including diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and nonhealing surgical wounds. As an organized microenvironment commonly including multiple microbial species, biofilms develop and persist through methods that allow evasion from host immune response and antimicrobial treatments. Suppression and reduction of biofilm infection have been demonstrated to improve wound healing outcomes. However, chronic wound biofilms are a challenge to treat due to limited methods for accurate, accessible clinical identification and the biofilm’s protective properties against therapeutic agents. Here we review recent approaches towards visual markers for less invasive, enhanced biofilm detection in the clinical setting. We outline progress in wound care treatments including investigation of their antibiofilm effects, such as with hydrosurgical and ultrasound debridement, negative pressure wound therapy with instillation, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles and nanocarriers, electroceutical dressings, and phage therapy. SUMMARY: Current evidence for biofilm-targeted treatments has been primarily conducted in preclinical studies, with limited clinical investigation for many therapies. Improved identification, monitoring, and treatment of biofilms require expansion of point-of-care visualization methods and increased evaluation of antibiofilm therapies in robust clinical trials.
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- 2022
26. Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). II. Exploring the Inner Binary (Multiple) System Embedded in G335 MM1 ALMA1
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Fernando A. Olguin, Patricio Sanhueza, Adam Ginsburg, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Qizhou Zhang, Shanghuo Li, Xing Lu, and Takeshi Sakai
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We observed the high-mass protostellar core G335.579-0.272 ALMA1 at ${\sim}200$ au (0.05") resolution with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 226 GHz (with a mass sensitivity of $5\sigma=0.2$ M$_\odot$ at 10 K). We discovered that at least a binary system is forming inside this region, with an additional nearby bow-like structure (${\lesssim}1000$ au) that could add an additional member to the stellar system. These three sources are located at the center of the gravitational potential well of the ALMA1 region and the larger MM1 cluster. The emission from CH$_3$OH (and many other tracers) is extended ($>1000$ au), revealing a common envelope toward the binary system. We use CH$_2$CHCN line emission to estimate an inclination angle of the rotation axis of $26^\circ$ with respect to the line of sight based on geometric assumptions and derive a kinematic mass of the primary source (protostar+disk) of 3.0 M$_\odot$ within a radius of 230 au. Using SiO emission, we find that the primary source drives the large scale outflow revealed by previous observations. Precession of the binary system likely produces a change in orientation between the outflow at small scales observed here and large scales observed in previous works. The bow structure may have originated by entrainment of matter into the envelope due to widening or precession of the outflow, or, alternatively, an accretion streamer dominated by the gravity of the central sources. An additional third source, forming due to instabilities in the streamer, cannot be ruled out as a temperature gradient is needed to produce the observed absorption spectra., Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2022
27. B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations (BISTRO): Magnetic Fields in the Filamentary Structures of Serpens Main
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Woojin Kwon, Kate Pattle, Sarah Sadavoy, Charles L. H. Hull, Doug Johnstone, Derek Ward-Thompson, James Di Francesco, Patrick M. Koch, Ray Furuya, Yasuo Doi, Valentin J. M. Le Gouellec, Jihye Hwang, A-Ran Lyo, Archana Soam, Xindi Tang, Thiem Hoang, Florian Kirchschlager, Chakali Eswaraiah, Lapo Fanciullo, Kyoung Hee Kim, Takashi Onaka, Vera Könyves, Ji-hyun Kang, Chang Won Lee, Motohide Tamura, Pierre Bastien, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Shih-Ping Lai, Keping Qiu, David Berry, Doris Arzoumanian, Tyler L. Bourke, Do-Young Byun, Wen Ping Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Mike Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Tao-Chung Ching, Jungyeon Cho, Yunhee Choi, Minho Choi, Antonio Chrysostomou, Eun Jung Chung, Simon Coudé, Sophia Dai, Pham Ngoc Diep, Yan Duan, Hao-Yuan Duan, David Eden, Jason Fiege, Laura M. Fissel, Erica Franzmann, Per Friberg, Rachel Friesen, Gary Fuller, Tim Gledhill, Sarah Graves, Jane Greaves, Matt Griffin, Qilao Gu, Ilseung Han, Jennifer Hatchell, Saeko Hayashi, Martin Houde, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Kazunari Iwasaki, Il-Gyo Jeong, Miju Kang, Janik Karoly, Akimasa Kataoka, Koji Kawabata, Francisca Kemper, Kee-Tae Kim, Gwanjeong Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Jongsoo Kim, Jason Kirk, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, Takayoshi Kusune, Jungmi Kwon, Kevin Lacaille, Chi-Yan Law, Chin-Fei Lee, Yong-Hee Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Dalei Li, Di Li, Hua-bai Li, Sheng-Jun Lin, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Hong-Li Liu, Junhao Liu, Tie Liu, Xing Lu, Steve Mairs, Masafumi Matsumura, Brenda Matthews, Gerald Moriarty-Schieven, Tetsuya Nagata, Fumitaka Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Nguyen Bich Ngoc, Nagayoshi Ohashi, Geumsook Park, Harriet Parsons, Nicolas Peretto, Felix Priestley, Tae-Soo Pyo, Lei Qian, Ramprasad Rao, Jonathan Rawlings, Mark G. Rawlings, Brendan Retter, John Richer, Andrew Rigby, Hiro Saito, Giorgio Savini, Masumichi Seta, Yoshito Shimajiri, Hiroko Shinnaga, Mehrnoosh Tahani, Ya-Wen Tang, Kohji Tomisaka, Le Ngoc Tram, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Serena Viti, Hongchi Wang, Jia-Wei Wang, Anthony Whitworth, Jintai Wu, Jinjin Xie, Hsi-Wei Yen, Hyunju Yoo, Jinghua Yuan, Hyeong-Sik Yun, Tetsuya Zenko, Yapeng Zhang, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Guoyin Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, Lei Zhu, Ilse de Looze, Philippe André, C. Darren Dowell, Stewart Eyres, Sam Falle, Jean-François Robitaille, Sven van Loo, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France
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POLARIZATION ,FOS: Physical sciences ,F500 ,IMAGING POLARIMETRY ,1ST ,INTERSTELLAR CLOUDS ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,SCUBA-2 ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] ,LEGACY ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,VELOCITY ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,SPITZER ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Physics and Astronomy ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,OUTFLOWS ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,STRENGTHS - Abstract
We present 850 $��$m polarimetric observations toward the Serpens Main molecular cloud obtained using the POL-2 polarimeter on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations probe the magnetic field morphology of the Serpens Main molecular cloud on about 6000 au scales, which consists of cores and six filaments with different physical properties such as density and star formation activity. Using the histogram of relative orientation (HRO) technique, we find that magnetic fields are parallel to filaments in less dense filamentary structures where $N_{H_2} < 0.93\times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ (magnetic fields perpendicular to density gradients), while being perpendicular to filaments (magnetic fields parallel to density gradients) in dense filamentary structures with star formation activity. Moreover, applying the HRO technique to denser core regions, we find that magnetic field orientations change to become perpendicular to density gradients again at $N_{H_2} \approx 4.6 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$. This can be interpreted as a signature of core formation. At $N_{H_2} \approx 16 \times 10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$ magnetic fields change back to being parallel to density gradients once again, which can be understood to be due to magnetic fields being dragged in by infalling material. In addition, we estimate the magnetic field strengths of the filaments ($B_{POS} = 60-300~��$G)) using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method and discuss whether the filaments are gravitationally unstable based on magnetic field and turbulence energy densities., 18 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2022
28. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
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A-Ran Lyo, Nguyen Bich Ngoc, Jean-François Robitaille, L. M. Fissel, Jonathan Rawlings, Yapeng Zhang, Andrew Rigby, Matthew Joseph Griffin, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Ji-hyun Kang, Sam Falle, Jongsoo Kim, Jason Fiege, Il-Gyo Jeong, Ya-Wen Tang, Kate Pattle, Zhiwei Chen, Rachel Friesen, Florian Kirchschlager, Doris Arzoumanian, Chang Won Lee, Jennifer Hatchell, Ramprasad Rao, Shih-Ping Lai, Sung-ju Kang, Di Li, Kevin Lacaille, Keping Qiu, Eun Jung Chung, Dalei Li, Gerald H. Moriarty-Schieven, Archana Soam, Anthony Peter Whitworth, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Hua-bai Li, Per Friberg, Doug Johnstone, Lei Qian, Thiem Hoang, Kazunari Iwasaki, Lapo Fanciullo, Pham Ngoc Diep, Sarah Graves, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, Nicolas Peretto, Harriet Parsons, Jungyeon Cho, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Y. Shimajiri, Martin Houde, Fumitaka Nakamura, John Richer, Kee-Tae Kim, Serena Viti, Derek Ward-Thompson, Jianjun Zhou, Jason M. Kirk, Geumsook Park, Nagayoshi Ohashi, Erica Franzmann, C. Darren Dowell, Woojin Kwon, Mi-Ryang Kim, Sven Van Loo, Tyler Bourke, Mark G. Rawlings, Ilseung Han, Masumichi Seta, Junhao Liu, Motohide Tamura, Minho Choi, Jinghua Yuan, Hao-Yuan Duan, Hong-Li Liu, Wen Ping Chen, Jinjin Xie, Tie Liu, David Eden, S. P. S. Eyres, Yan Duan, Miju Kang, Charles L. H. Hull, Le Ngoc Tram, Koji S. Kawabata, Giorgio Savini, Sophia Dai, Masafumi Matsumura, Chakali Eswaraiah, Tae-Soo Pyo, Francisca Kemper, Yong-Hee Lee, Jia-Wei Wang, Saeko S. Hayashi, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Hsi-Wei Yen, Hyunju Yoo, Sang-Sung Lee, Antonio Chrysostomou, Gwanjeong Kim, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Brenda C. Matthews, S. Coude, Qilao Gu, Yasuo Doi, Guoyin Zhang, Tao-Chung Ching, Hiro Saito, Hongchi Wang, Ilse De Looze, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Philippe André, Jihye Hwang, Hiroko Shinnaga, David Berry, Hyeong-Sik Yun, Jane Greaves, Vera Konyves, Do-Young Byun, Ray S. Furuya, Mike Chen, Tim Gledhill, Kyoung Hee Kim, Tetsuya Zenko, Steve Mairs, Jungmi Kwon, Takayoshi Kusune, Chin-Fei Lee, Tetsuya Nagata, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Brendan Retter, Xing Lu, Patrick M. Koch, Yunhee Choi, Chi-Yan Law, Gary A. Fuller, Mehrnoosh Tahani, Takashi Onaka, Pierre Bastien, Xindi Tang, Anna M. M. Scaife, Kohji Tomisaka, Lei Zhu, Sarah Sadavoy, Akimasa Kataoka, Chakali, Eswaraiah [0000-0003-4761-6139], Furuya, Ray S. [0000-0003-0646-8782], Hasegawa, Tetsuo [0000-0003-1853-0184], Ward-Thompson, Derek [0000-0003-1140-2761], Qiu, Keping [0000-0002-5093-5088], Ohashi, Nagayoshi [0000-0003-0998-5064], Pattle, Kate [0000-0002-8557-3582], Sadavoy, Sarah [0000-0001-7474-6874], Hull, Charles L. H. [0000-0002-8975-7573], Berry, David [0000-0001-6524-2447], Doi, Yasuo [0000-0001-8746-6548], Ching, Tao-Chung [0000-0001-8516-2532], Lai, Shih-Ping [0000-0001-5522-486X], Wang, Jia-Wei [0000-0002-6668-974X], Koch, Patrick M. [0000-0003-2777-5861], Kwon, Jungmi [0000-0003-2815-7774], Kwon, Woojin [0000-0003-4022-4132], Bastien, Pierre [0000-0002-0794-3859], Arzoumanian, Doris [0000-0002-1959-7201], Coudé, Simon [0000-0002-0859-0805], Soam, Archana [0000-0002-6386-2906], Fanciullo, Lapo [0000-0001-9930-9240], Yen, Hsi-Wei [0000-0003-1412-893X], Liu, Junhao [0000-0002-4774-2998], Hoang, Thiem [0000-0003-2017-0982], Ping Chen, Wen [0000-0003-0262-272X], Shimajiri, Yoshito [0000-0001-9368-3143], Liu, Tie [0000-0002-5286-2564], Chen, Zhiwei [0000-0003-0849-0692], Li, Hua-bai [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lyo, A-Ran [0000-0002-9907-8427], Hwang, Jihye [0000-0001-7866-2686], Johnstone, Doug [0000-0002-6773-459X], Rao, Ramprasad [0000-0002-1407-7944], Bich Ngoc, Nguyen [0000-0002-5913-5554], Ngoc Diep, Pham [0000-0002-2808-0888], Mairs, Steve [0000-0002-6956-0730], Parsons, Harriet [0000-0002-6327-3423], Tamura, Motohide [0000-0002-6510-0681], Tahani, Mehrnoosh [0000-0001-8749-1436], Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru [0000-0002-9774-1846], Nakamura, Fumitaka [0000-0001-5431-2294], Shinnaga, Hiroko [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tang, Ya-Wen [0000-0002-0675-276X], Cho, Jungyeon [0000-0003-1725-4376], Won Lee, Chang [0000-0002-3179-6334], Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, Kazunari [0000-0002-2707-7548], Qian, Lei [0000-0003-0597-0957], Xie, Jinjin [0000-0002-2738-146X], Liu, Hong-Li [0000-0003-3343-9645], Zhang, Chuan-Peng [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhou, Jianjun [0000-0003-0356-818X], André, Philippe [0000-0002-3413-2293], Liu, Sheng-Yuan [0000-0003-4603-7119], Lu, Xing [0000-0003-2619-9305], Bourke, Tyler L. [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, Do-Young [0000-0003-1157-4109], Eden, David [0000-0002-5881-3229], Matthews, Brenda [0000-0003-3017-9577], Fissel, Laura M. [0000-0002-4666-609X], Kim, Kee-Tae [0000-0003-2412-7092], Lee, Chin-Fei [0000-0002-3024-5864], Kim, Jongsoo [0000-0002-1229-0426], Pyo, Tae-Soo [0000-0002-3273-0804], Chrysostomou, Antonio [0000-0002-9583-8644], Jung Chung, Eun [0000-0003-0014-1527], Ngoc Tram, Le [0000-0002-6488-8227], Franzmann, Erica [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, Per [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, Rachel [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, Gary [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, Tim [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, Sarah [0000-0001-9361-5781], Griffin, Matt [0000-0002-0033-177X], Gu, Qilao [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, Jennifer [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, Martin [0000-0003-4420-8674], Kawabata, Koji [0000-0001-6099-9539], Jeong, Il-Gyo [0000-0002-5492-6832], Kang, Ji-hyun [0000-0001-7379-6263], Kang, Sung-ju [0000-0002-5004-7216], Kang, Miju [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, Akimasa [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Rawlings, Mark [0000-0002-6529-202X], Rawlings, Jonathan [0000-0001-5560-1303], Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], Rigby, Andrew [0000-0002-3351-2200], Savini, Giorgio [0000-0003-4449-9416], Scaife, Anna [0000-0002-5364-2301], Kim, Gwanjeong [0000-0003-2011-8172], Hee Kim, Kyoung [0000-0001-9597-7196], Kim, Mi-Ryang [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kirchschlager, Florian [0000-0002-3036-0184], Kirk, Jason [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, Masato I. N. [0000-0003-3990-1204], Konyves, Vera [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kusune, Takayoshi [0000-0002-9218-9319], Lacaille, Kevin [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, Chi-Yan [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, Sang-Sung [0000-0002-6269-594X], Lee, Yong-Hee [0000-0001-6047-701X], Matsumura, Masafumi [0000-0002-6906-0103], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald [0000-0002-0393-7822], Nagata, Tetsuya [0000-0001-9264-9015], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Park, Geumsook [0000-0001-8467-3736], Tang, Xindi [0000-0002-4154-4309], Tomisaka, Kohji [0000-0003-2726-0892], Viti, Serena [0000-0001-8504-8844], Wang, Hongchi [0000-0003-0746-7968], Yoo, Hyunju [0000-0002-8578-1728], Zhang, Yapeng [0000-0002-5102-2096], Falle, Sam [0000-0002-9829-0426], Robitaille, Jean-François [0000-0001-5079-8573], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Eswaraiah, Chakali [0000-0003-4761-6139], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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low mass stars ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Continuum (design consultancy) ,AXISYMMETRICAL CLOUD CORES ,Astrophysics ,F500 ,MOLECULAR CLOUD ,IMAGING POLARIMETRY ,01 natural sciences ,AMBIPOLAR-DIFFUSION ,STAR-FORMATION ,interstellar magnetic fields ,Protein filament ,CONTRACTION ,0103 physical sciences ,SCUBA-2 ,COLLAPSE ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,James Clerk Maxwell Telescope ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,dust continuum emission ,polarimetry ,Physics ,Ambipolar diffusion ,Star formation ,F510 ,dense interstellar clouds ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,GOULD BELT ,Magnetic flux ,Magnetic field ,DARK CLOUDS ,Core (optical fiber) ,Physics and Astronomy ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Space and Planetary Science - Abstract
We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
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- 2021
- Full Text
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29. Assessment of Changes in Diversity in Dermatology Clinical Trials Between 2010-2015 and 2015-2020: A Systematic Review
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Vivien Chen, Shifa Akhtar, Caiwei Zheng, Vignesh Kumaresan, and Keyvan Nouri
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Male ,Research Design ,Brief Report ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Psoriasis ,Female ,Dermatology ,Dermatitis, Atopic - Abstract
IMPORTANCE: Although there have been increased efforts in dermatologic research to improve representation of patient sex, race, and ethnicity, there are limited data evaluating resulting changes. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diversity of participants in dermatologic clinical trials conducted in the US published from 2015 to 2020 pertaining to common dermatologic conditions affecting all patient demographic categories compared with findings from 2010-2015. EVIDENCE REVIEW: A systematic literature review through the PubMed database was conducted for randomized clinical trials published between July 1, 2015, and July 1, 2020, using keywords alopecia areata, acne, atopic dermatitis, lichen planus, psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis, and vitiligo. Data collected included distribution of participant demographic characteristics, funding source, and journal type. Reflecting US Census data, studies were defined as unrepresentative of race and ethnicity if they included less than 20% ethnically or racially diverse participants or unrepresentative of sex if they included less than 45% women. Python was used for statistical analysis by χ(2) tests or Fisher exact tests. FINDINGS: A total of 392 randomized clinical trials were included. In comparison with the period from 2010-2015, the reporting rate for race and ethnicity in US studies has increased from 59.8% to 71.9% (P = .05). However, the proportion of reporting articles including at least 20% non-White representation remains unchanged at 38.1% with 37 of 97 reporting randomized clinical trials in 2010-2015 and 53 of 139 reporting randomized clinical trials in 2015-2020 (P = .99). Psoriasis studies included the least diversity, with 12.1% of studies recording at least 20% non-White participants and 29.5% of studies recording at least 45% female participants. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this systematic review suggest that reporting racial and ethnic data since 2010-2015 has become more transparent. However, inclusion of representative patient populations may still be considered inadequate, particularly in psoriasis studies. Diversity in clinical trials is important for representation of the affected patient populations, and additional efforts are warranted in support of this endeavor.
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- 2022
30. The JCMT BISTRO-2 survey : magnetic fields of the massive DR21 filament
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Tao-Chung Ching, Keping Qiu, Di Li, Zhiyuan Ren, Shih-Ping Lai, David Berry, Kate Pattle, Ray Furuya, Derek Ward-Thompson, Doug Johnstone, Patrick M. Koch, Chang Won Lee, Thiem Hoang, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Woojin Kwon, Pierre Bastien, Chakali Eswaraiah, Jia-Wei Wang, Kyoung Hee Kim, Jihye Hwang, Archana Soam, A-Ran Lyo, Junhao Liu, Valentin J. M. Le Gouellec, Doris Arzoumanian, Anthony Whitworth, James Di Francesco, Frédérick Poidevin, Tie Liu, Simon Coudé, Mehrnoosh Tahani, Hong-Li Liu, Takashi Onaka, Dalei Li, Motohide Tamura, Zhiwei Chen, Xindi Tang, Florian Kirchschlager, Tyler L. Bourke, Do-Young Byun, Mike Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Wen Ping Chen, Jungyeon Cho, Yunhee Choi, Youngwoo Choi, Minho Choi, Antonio Chrysostomou, Eun Jung Chung, Y. Sophia Dai, Pham Ngoc Diep, Yasuo Doi, Yan Duan, Hao-Yuan Duan, David Eden, Lapo Fanciullo, Jason Fiege, Laura M. Fissel, Erica Franzmann, Per Friberg, Rachel Friesen, Gary Fuller, Tim Gledhill, Sarah Graves, Jane Greaves, Matt Griffin, Qilao Gu, Ilseung Han, Saeko Hayashi, Martin Houde, Charles L. H. Hull, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Kazunari Iwasaki, Il-Gyo Jeong, Vera Könyves, Ji-hyun Kang, Miju Kang, Janik Karoly, Akimasa Kataoka, Koji Kawabata, Francisca Kemper, Jongsoo Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Hyosung Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Gwanjeong Kim, Jason Kirk, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, Takayoshi Kusune, Jungmi Kwon, Kevin Lacaille, Chi-Yan Law, Sang-Sung Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Jeong-Eun Lee, Chin-Fei Lee, Yong-Hee Lee, Guangxing Li, Hua-bai Li, Sheng-Jun Lin, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Xing Lu, Steve Mairs, Masafumi Matsumura, Brenda Matthews, Gerald Moriarty-Schieven, Tetsuya Nagata, Fumitaka Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Nguyen Bich Ngoc, Nagayoshi Ohashi, Geumsook Park, Harriet Parsons, Nicolas Peretto, Felix Priestley, Tae-Soo Pyo, Lei Qian, Ramprasad Rao, Mark Rawlings, Jonathan Rawlings, Brendan Retter, John Richer, Andrew Rigby, Sarah Sadavoy, Hiro Saito, Giorgio Savini, Masumichi Seta, Yoshito Shimajiri, Hiroko Shinnaga, Ya-Wen Tang, Kohji Tomisaka, Le Ngoc Tram, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Serena Viti, Hongchi Wang, Jintai Wu, Jinjin Xie, Meng-Zhe Yang, Hsi-Wei Yen, Hyunju Yoo, Jinghua Yuan, Hyeong-Sik Yun, Tetsuya Zenko, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Yapeng Zhang, Guoyin Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, Lei Zhu, Ilse de Looze, Philippe André, C. Darren Dowell, Stewart Eyres, Sam Falle, Jean-François Robitaille, Sven van Loo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Research Foundation of Korea, National Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ching, Tao-Chung [0000-0001-8516-2532], Qiu, Keping [0000-0002-5093-5088], Li, Di [0000-0003-3010-7661], Ren, Zhiyuan [0000-0003-4659-1742], Lai, Shih-Ping [0000-0001-5522-486X], Berry, David [0000-0001-6524-2447], Pattle, Kate [0000-0002-8557-3582], Furuya, Ray [0000-0003-0646-8782], Ward-Thompson, Derek [0000-0003-1140-2761], Johnstone, Doug [0000-0002-6773-459X], Koch, Patrick M [0000-0003-2777-5861], Lee, Chang Won [0000-0002-3179-6334], Hoang, Thiem [0000-0003-2017-0982], Hasegawa, Tetsuo [0000-0003-1853-0184], Kwon, Woojin [0000-0003-4022-4132], Bastien, Pierre [0000-0002-0794-3859], Eswaraiah, Chakali [0000-0003-4761-6139], Wang, Jia-Wei [0000-0002-6668-974X], Kim, Kyoung Hee [0000-0001-9597-7196], Hwang, Jihye [0000-0001-7866-2686], Soam, Archana [0000-0002-6386-2906], Lyo, A-Ran [0000-0002-9907-8427], Liu, Junhao [0000-0002-4774-2998], Le Gouellec, Valentin JM [0000-0002-5714-799X], Arzoumanian, Doris [0000-0002-1959-7201], Whitworth, Anthony [0000-0002-1178-5486], Francesco, James Di [0000-0002-9289-2450], Poidevin, Frédérick [0000-0002-5391-5568], Liu, Tie [0000-0002-5286-2564], Coudé, Simon [0000-0002-0859-0805], Tahani, Mehrnoosh [0000-0001-8749-1436], Liu, Hong-Li [0000-0003-3343-9645], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Tamura, Motohide [0000-0002-6510-0681], Chen, Zhiwei [0000-0003-0849-0692], Tang, Xindi [0000-0002-4154-4309], Kirchschlager, Florian [0000-0002-3036-0184], Bourke, Tyler L [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, Do-Young [0000-0003-1157-4109], Chen, Huei-Ru Vivien [0000-0002-9774-1846], Chen, Wen Ping [0000-0003-0262-272X], Cho, Jungyeon [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, Antonio [0000-0002-9583-8644], Chung, Eun Jung [0000-0003-0014-1527], Dai, Y Sophia [0000-0002-7928-416X], Diep, Pham Ngoc [0000-0002-2808-0888], Doi, Yasuo [0000-0001-8746-6548], Duan, Hao-Yuan [0000-0002-7022-4742], Eden, David [0000-0002-5881-3229], Fanciullo, Lapo [0000-0001-9930-9240], Fissel, Laura M [0000-0002-4666-609X], Franzmann, Erica [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, Per [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, Rachel [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, Gary [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, Tim [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, Sarah [0000-0001-9361-5781], Greaves, Jane [0000-0002-3133-413X], Gu, Qilao [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hayashi, Saeko [0000-0001-5026-490X], Houde, Martin [0000-0003-4420-8674], Hull, Charles LH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Inoue, Tsuyoshi [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro [0000-0003-4366-6518], Jeong, Il-Gyo [0000-0002-5492-6832], Könyves, Vera [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kang, Ji-hyun [0000-0001-7379-6263], Kang, Miju [0000-0002-5016-050X], Karoly, Janik [0000-0001-5996-3600], Kataoka, Akimasa [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, Koji [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, Jongsoo [0000-0002-1229-0426], Kim, Shinyoung [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kim, Kee-Tae [0000-0003-2412-7092], Kim, Gwanjeong [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kirk, Jason [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, Masato IN [0000-0003-3990-1204], Kusune, Takayoshi [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, Jungmi [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, Kevin [0000-0001-9870-5663], Law, Chi-Yan [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, Sang-Sung [0000-0002-6269-594X], Lee, Hyeseung [0000-0003-3465-3213], Lee, Jeong-Eun [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, Chin-Fei [0000-0002-3024-5864], Lee, Yong-Hee [0000-0001-6047-701X], Li, Guangxing [0000-0003-3144-1952], Li, Hua-bai [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lin, Sheng-Jun [0000-0002-6868-4483], Liu, Sheng-Yuan [0000-0003-4603-7119], Lu, Xing [0000-0003-2619-9305], Mairs, Steve [0000-0002-6956-0730], Matsumura, Masafumi [0000-0002-6906-0103], Matthews, Brenda [0000-0003-3017-9577], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald [0000-0002-0393-7822], Nagata, Tetsuya [0000-0001-9264-9015], Nakamura, Fumitaka [0000-0001-5431-2294], Ngoc, Nguyen Bich [0000-0002-5913-5554], Ohashi, Nagayoshi [0000-0003-0998-5064], Park, Geumsook [0000-0001-8467-3736], Parsons, Harriet [0000-0002-6327-3423], Pyo, Tae-Soo [0000-0002-3273-0804], Qian, Lei [0000-0003-0597-0957], Rao, Ramprasad [0000-0002-1407-7944], Rawlings, Mark [0000-0002-6529-202X], Rawlings, Jonathan [0000-0001-5560-1303], Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], Rigby, Andrew [0000-0002-3351-2200], Savini, Giorgio [0000-0003-4449-9416], Shimajiri, Yoshito [0000-0001-9368-3143], Shinnaga, Hiroko [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tang, Ya-Wen [0000-0002-0675-276X], Tomisaka, Kohji [0000-0003-2726-0892], Tram, Le Ngoc [0000-0002-6488-8227], Viti, Serena [0000-0001-8504-8844], Wang, Hongchi [0000-0003-0746-7968], Wu, Jintai [0000-0001-7276-3590], Xie, Jinjin [0000-0002-2738-146X], Yen, Hsi-Wei [0000-0003-1412-893X], Yoo, Hyunju [0000-0002-8578-1728], Yun, Hyeong-Sik [0000-0001-6842-1555], Zhang, Chuan-Peng [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhang, Yapeng [0000-0002-5102-2096], Zhou, Jianjun [0000-0003-0356-818X], André, Philippe [0000-0002-3413-2293], Falle, Sam [0000-0002-9829-0426], Robitaille, Jean-François [0000-0001-5079-8573], van Loo, Sven [0000-0003-4746-8500], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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STAR-FORMING REGIONS ,SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION ,HERSCHEL ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,MU-M POLARIZATION ,MOLECULAR CLOUD ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,1ST ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Physics and Astronomy ,5101 Astronomical Sciences ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,SCUBA-2 ,GOULD BELT SURVEY ,DUST EMISSION ,51 Physical Sciences ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY - Abstract
Tao-Chung Ching et al., We present 850 μm dust polarization observations of the massive DR21 filament from the B-fields In STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey, using the POL-2 polarimeter and the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We detect ordered magnetic fields perpendicular to the parsec-scale ridge of the DR21 main filament. In the subfilaments, the magnetic fields are mainly parallel to the filamentary structures and smoothly connect to the magnetic fields of the main filament. We compare the POL-2 and Planck dust polarization observations to study the magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament on 0.1–10 pc scales. The magnetic fields revealed in the Planck data are well-aligned with those of the POL-2 data, indicating a smooth variation of magnetic fields from large to small scales. The plane-of-sky magnetic field strengths derived from angular dispersion functions of dust polarization are 0.6–1.0 mG in the DR21 filament and ∼0.1 mG in the surrounding ambient gas. The mass-to-flux ratios are found to be magnetically supercritical in the filament and slightly subcritical to nearly critical in the ambient gas. The alignment between column density structures and magnetic fields changes from random alignment in the low-density ambient gas probed by Planck to mostly perpendicular in the high-density main filament probed by James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. The magnetic field structures of the DR21 filament are in agreement with MHD simulations of a strongly magnetized medium, suggesting that magnetic fields play an important role in shaping the DR21 main filament and subfilaments., This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant Nos. 11988101, U1931117, 11725313, and 12073061 and the CAS International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences grant No. 114A11KYSB20160008. T.-C.C. is funded by Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiwan Young Talent Program grant No. 2018TW2JB0002. T.-C.C. and C.E. were supported by Special Funding for Advanced Users, budgeted and administrated by Center for Astronomical Mega-Science (CAMS), Chinese Academy of Sciences. K.P. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, supported by grant No. URF\R1\211322. D.J. is supported by the National Research Council of Canada and by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grant. P.M.K. is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST) in Taiwan through grants 109-2112-M-001-022 and 110-2112-M-001-057. C.W.L. is supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF-2019R1A2C1010851), and by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; Project No. 2022-1-840-05). T.H. is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) through the Mid-career Research Program (2019R1A2C1087045). W.K. was supported by the NRF grant funded by the MSIT (2021R1F1A1061794). C.E. acknowledges the financial support from grant RJF/2020/000071 as a part of Ramanujan Fellowship awarded by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. F.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) under grant No. PID2019-105552RB-C43. M.T. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. 18H05442, 15H02063, and 22000005. J.K. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 19K14775. L.F. and F.K. acknowledge the support by the MoST in Taiwan through grant 107-2119-M-001-031-MY3 and Academia Sinica through grant AS-IA-106-M03. L.F. acknowledges the support by the MoST in Taiwan through grants 111-2811-M-005-007 and 109-2112-M-005-003-MY3. C.L.H.H. acknowledges the support of the NAOJ Fellowship and JSPS KAKENHI grants 18K13586 and 20K14527. F.K. is supported by the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. K.Q. is partially supported by National Key R&D Program of China No. 2022YFA1603100, and acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant U1731237. S.P.L. acknowledges grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan 106-2119-M-007-021-MY3 and 109-2112-M-007-010-MY3. Y.D. acknowledges the support of JSPS KAKENHI grants 25247016 and 18H01250. Y.S.D. is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China for grant No. 2022YFA1605300, and NSFC grants Nos. 12273051, 11933003.
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- 2022
31. Chinese Investment in Malaysia: COVID-19, Democracy and Beyond
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Vivien Chen and Weitseng Chen
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History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Business and International Management ,Law ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Abstract
China's rising influence in parts of the developing world has raised concerns among the US and its allies. In the wake of the COVID-19 outbreak, the provision of vaccines and aid to countries in the Global South have further heightened anxieties over the potential for diffusion of China's ideals. China's investments are thought to promote the diffusion of its perspectives of rule of law and democracy, posing a challenge to the global dominance of Western liberal democratic values. Nonetheless, few studies have examined how the diffusion of China's ideals may occur through its investments and infrastructure projects in young democracies such as Malaysia whose governance and legal system significantly outperform China's according to various global indexes. This article investigates the increasing engagement with China and the reasons for this trend against the backdrop of Malaysia's legal and political institutions inherited from the West. It considers how young democracies like Malaysia are vulnerable to China's influence, intentional or unintentional, through investment. The analysis sheds light on the mechanisms that give rise to such vulnerability, exploring how the electoral system and rule of law may facilitate and amplify the impact of Chinese investment, with broader implications. Shared tacit understandings, such as the instrumentality of law and the nexus between state and business, which facilitate cross-country cooperation are also examined.
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- 2022
32. Multi-scale physical properties of NGC 6334 as revealed by local relative orientations between magnetic fields, density gradients, velocity gradients, and gravity
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Junhao Liu, Qizhou Zhang, Patrick M. Koch, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Zhi-Yun Li, Shanghuo Li, Josep Miquel Girart, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Tao-Chung Ching, Paul T. P. Ho, Shih-Ping Lai, Keping Qiu, Ramprasad Rao, and Ya-wen Tang
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Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
We present ALMA dust polarization and molecular line observations toward 4 clumps (I(N), I, IV, and V) in the massive star-forming region NGC 6334. In conjunction with large-scale dust polarization and molecular line data from JCMT, Planck, and NANTEN2, we make a synergistic analysis of relative orientations between magnetic fields ($\theta_{\mathrm{B}}$), column density gradients ($\theta_{\mathrm{NG}}$), local gravity ($\theta_{\mathrm{LG}}$), and velocity gradients ($\theta_{\mathrm{VG}}$) to investigate the multi-scale (from $\sim$30 pc to 0.003 pc) physical properties in NGC 6334. We find that the relative orientation between $\theta_{\mathrm{B}}$ and $\theta_{\mathrm{NG}}$ changes from statistically more perpendicular to parallel as column density ($N_{\mathrm{H_2}}$) increases, which is a signature of trans-to-sub-Alfv\'{e}nic turbulence at complex/cloud scales as revealed by previous numerical studies. Because $\theta_{\mathrm{NG}}$ and $\theta_{\mathrm{LG}}$ are preferentially aligned within the NGC 6334 cloud, we suggest that the more parallel alignment between $\theta_{\mathrm{B}}$ and $\theta_{\mathrm{NG}}$ at higher $N_{\mathrm{H_2}}$ is because the magnetic field line is dragged by gravity. At even higher $N_{\mathrm{H_2}}$, the angle between $\theta_{\mathrm{B}}$ and $\theta_{\mathrm{NG}}$ or $\theta_{\mathrm{LG}}$ transits back to having no preferred orientation or statistically slightly more perpendicular, suggesting that the magnetic field structure is impacted by star formation activities. A statistically more perpendicular alignment is found between $\theta_{\mathrm{B}}$ and $\theta_{\mathrm{VG}}$ throughout our studied $N_{\mathrm{H_2}}$ range, which indicates a trans-to-sub-Alfv\'{e}nic state at small scales as well. The normalised mass-to-flux ratio derived from the polarization-intensity gradient (KTH) method increases with $N_{\mathrm{H_2}}$., Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures. Accepted by ApJ
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- 2022
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33. The JCMT BISTRO survey: A spiral magnetic field in a hub-filament structure, monoceros R2
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Jihye Hwang, Jongsoo Kim, Kate Pattle, Chang Won Lee, Patrick M. Koch, Doug Johnstone, Kohji Tomisaka, Anthony Whitworth, Ray S. Furuya, Ji-hyun Kang, A-Ran Lyo, Eun Jung Chung, Doris Arzoumanian, Geumsook Park, Woojin Kwon, Shinyoung Kim, Motohide Tamura, Jungmi Kwon, Archana Soam, Ilseung Han, Thiem Hoang, Kyoung Hee Kim, Takashi Onaka, Chakali Eswaraiah, Derek Ward-Thompson, Hong-Li Liu, Xindi Tang, Wen Ping Chen, Masafumi Matsumura, Thuong Duc Hoang, Zhiwei Chen, Valentin J. M. Le Gouellec, Florian Kirchschlager, Frédérick Poidevin, Pierre Bastien, Keping Qiu, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Shih-Ping Lai, Do-Young Byun, Jungyeon Cho, Minho Choi, Youngwoo Choi, Yunhee Choi, Il-Gyo Jeong, Miju Kang, Hyosung Kim, Kee-Tae Kim, Jeong-Eun Lee, Sang-Sung Lee, Yong-Hee Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Mi-Ryang Kim, Hyunju Yoo, Hyeong-Sik Yun, Mike Chen, James Di Francesco, Jason Fiege, Laura M. Fissel, Erica Franzmann, Martin Houde, Kevin Lacaille, Brenda Matthews, Sarah Sadavoy, Gerald Moriarty-Schieven, Mehrnoosh Tahani, Tao-Chung Ching, Y. Sophia Dai, Yan Duan, Qilao Gu, Chi-Yan Law, Dalei Li, Di Li, Guangxing Li, Hua-bai Li, Tie Liu, Xing Lu, Lei Qian, Hongchi Wang, Jintai Wu, Jinjin Xie, Jinghua Yuan, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Guoyin Zhang, Yapeng Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, Lei Zhu, David Berry, Per Friberg, Sarah Graves, Junhao Liu, Steve Mairs, Harriet Parsons, Mark Rawlings, Yasuo Doi, Saeko Hayashi, Charles L. H. Hull, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Kazunari Iwasaki, Akimasa Kataoka, Koji Kawabata, Gwanjeong Kim, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, Tetsuya Nagata, Fumitaka Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Tae-Soo Pyo, Hiro Saito, Masumichi Seta, Yoshito Shimajiri, Hiroko Shinnaga, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Tetsuya Zenko, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Hao-Yuan Duan, Lapo Fanciullo, Francisca Kemper, Chin-Fei Lee, Sheng-Jun Lin, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Nagayoshi Ohashi, Ramprasad Rao, Ya-Wen Tang, Jia-Wei Wang, Meng-Zhe Yang, Hsi-Wei Yen, Tyler L. Bourke, Antonio Chrysostomou, Victor Debattista, David Eden, Stewart Eyres, Sam Falle, Gary Fuller, Tim Gledhill, Jane Greaves, Matt Griffin, Jennifer Hatchell, Janik Karoly, Jason Kirk, Vera Könyves, Steven Longmore, Sven van Loo, Ilse de Looze, Nicolas Peretto, Felix Priestley, Jonathan Rawlings, Brendan Retter, John Richer, Andrew Rigby, Giorgio Savini, Anna Scaife, Serena Viti, Pham Ngoc Diep, Nguyen Bich Ngoc, Le Ngoc Tram, Philippe André, Simon Coudé, C. Darren Dowell, Rachel Friesen, Jean-Franćois Robitaille, National Research Foundation of Korea, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), and National Science Foundation (US)
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POLARIZATION ,CLOUDS ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,REGIONS ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,1ST ,DENSE CORES ,MODEL ,Physics and Astronomy ,GRAVITY ,POL-2 ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,SCUBA-2 - Abstract
Hwang et al., We present and analyze observations of polarized dust emission at 850 μm toward the central 1 × 1 pc hub-filament structure of Monoceros R2 (Mon R2). The data are obtained with SCUBA-2/POL-2 on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) as part of the B-fields in Star-forming Region Observations survey. The orientations of the magnetic field follow the spiral structure of Mon R2, which are well described by an axisymmetric magnetic field model. We estimate the turbulent component of the magnetic field using the angle difference between our observations and the best-fit model of the underlying large-scale mean magnetic field. This estimate is used to calculate the magnetic field strength using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, for which we also obtain the distribution of volume density and velocity dispersion using a column density map derived from Herschel data and the C18O (J = 3 − 2) data taken with HARP on the JCMT, respectively. We make maps of magnetic field strengths and mass-to-flux ratios, finding that magnetic field strengths vary from 0.02 to 3.64 mG with a mean value of 1.0 ± 0.06 mG, and the mean critical mass-to-flux ratio is 0.47 ± 0.02. Additionally, the mean Alfvén Mach number is 0.35 ± 0.01. This suggests that, in Mon R2, the magnetic fields provide resistance against large-scale gravitational collapse, and the magnetic pressure exceeds the turbulent pressure. We also investigate the properties of each filament in Mon R2. Most of the filaments are aligned along the magnetic field direction and are magnetically subcritical., J.H. is supported by the University of Science and Technology (UST) Overseas Training Program 2022, funded by the University of Science and Technology, Korea (No. 2022-017). K.P. is a Royal Society University Research Fellow, supported by grant number URF\R1\211322. C.W.L. was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (NRF- 2019R1A2C1010851), and by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; Project No. 2022-1-840-05). D.J. and J.d.F. are supported by the National Research Council of Canada and by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Discovery Grants. G.P. is supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF; 2020R1A6A3A01100208) W.K. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT; NRF-2021R1F1A1061794). M.T. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant Nos. 18H05442, 15H02063, and 22000005. J.K. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 19K14775. M.M. is supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 20K03276. F.P. acknowledges support from the Spanish State Research Agency Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) under grant number PID2019-105552RB-C43. S.P.L., H.Y.D., S.J.L., and M.Z.Y. acknowledge grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan 106-2119-M-007-021-MY3 and 109-2112-M-007-010-MY3. C.E. acknowledges the financial support from grant RJF/2020/000071 as a part of a Ramanujan Fellowship awarded by Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India. L.F. and F.K. acknowledge support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, under grant No. MoST107-2119-M-001-031- MY3 and from Academia Sinica under grant No. AS-IA-106-M03. L.F. acknowledges the support by the MoST in Taiwan through grants 111-2811-M-005-007 and 109-2112-M-005-003-MY3. F.K. acknowledges support from the Spanish program Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. Y.S.D. would like to acknowledge the support from NSFC grants 12273051 and 10878003. M.R. is supported by the international Gemini Observatory, a program of NSFs NOIRLab, which is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation, on behalf of the Gemini partnership of Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the Republic of Korea, and the United States of America. The JCMT is operated by the East Asian Observatory on behalf of The National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics; the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute; the Operation, Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments, budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China. Additional funding support is provided by the Science and Technology Facilities Council of the United Kingdom and participating universities and organizations in the United Kingdom, Canada, and Ireland. Additional funds for the construction of SCUBA-2 were provided by the Canada Foundation for Innovation.
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- 2022
34. Gender diversity on Malaysian corporate boards : A law and social movements perspective
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Vivien Chen, Michelle Anne Welsh, and May Fong Cheong
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History ,Sociology and Political Science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Jurisdiction ,Gender diversity ,Corporate governance ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Perspective (graphical) ,Resistance (psychoanalysis) ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,State (polity) ,Political economy ,Political science ,Business and International Management ,Sociocultural evolution ,Law ,Social movement ,media_common - Abstract
This article is a unique investigation of the interaction between sociocultural perceptions of women in Malaysia and reforms implemented in that jurisdiction to promote gender diversity on corporate boards. It adopts a law and social movements perspective to better understand the legal reforms that have emerged, often amid fraught interactions between the state and women's rights activists due to their conflicting conceptions of gender roles. The article draws on empirical data to shed light on the practical workings of the reforms, ascertaining the perspective of insiders through interviews and examining the composition of the boards of 30 of the largest listed companies. While an increase in the representation of women on corporate boards suggests that the reforms have facilitated progress towards gender equality, such progress must be viewed in the context of prevalent conservative perceptions of gender roles, and sustained state resistance against women's rights activists, which together impede progress towards substantive equality.
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- 2022
35. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
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Eswaraiah, C, Li, D, Furuya, RS, Hasegawa, T, Ward-Thompson, D, Qiu, K, Ohashi, N, Pattle, K, Sadavoy, S, Hull, CLH, Berry, D, Doi, Y, Ching, TC, Lai, SP, Wang, JW, Koch, PM, Kwon, J, Kwon, W, Bastien, P, Arzoumanian, D, Coudé, S, Soam, A, Fanciullo, L, Yen, HW, Liu, J, Hoang, T, Ping Chen, W, Shimajiri, Y, Liu, T, Chen, Z, Li, HB, Lyo, AR, Hwang, J, Johnstone, D, Rao, R, Bich Ngoc, N, Ngoc Diep, P, Mairs, S, Parsons, H, Tamura, M, Tahani, M, Vivien Chen, HR, Nakamura, F, Shinnaga, H, Tang, YW, Cho, J, Won Lee, C, Inutsuka, SI, Inoue, T, Iwasaki, K, Qian, L, Xie, J, Liu, HL, Zhang, CP, Chen, M, Zhang, G, Zhu, L, Zhou, J, André, P, Liu, SY, Yuan, J, Lu, X, Peretto, N, Bourke, TL, Byun, DY, Dai, S, Duan, Y, Duan, HY, Eden, D, Matthews, B, Fiege, J, Fissel, LM, Kim, KT, Lee, CF, Kim, J, Pyo, TS, Choi, Y, Choi, M, Chrysostomou, A, Jung Chung, E, Ngoc Tram, L, Franzmann, E, Friberg, P, Friesen, R, Fuller, G, Gledhill, T, Graves, S, Greaves, J, Griffin, M, Gu, Q, Han, I, Hatchell, J, Hayashi, S, Houde, M, Kawabata, K, Jeong, IG, Kang, JH, Kang, SJ, Kang, M, Eswaraiah, C [0000-0003-4761-6139], Furuya, RS [0000-0003-0646-8782], Hasegawa, T [0000-0003-1853-0184], Ward-Thompson, D [0000-0003-1140-2761], Qiu, K [0000-0002-5093-5088], Ohashi, N [0000-0003-0998-5064], Pattle, K [0000-0002-8557-3582], Sadavoy, S [0000-0001-7474-6874], Hull, CLH [0000-0002-8975-7573], Berry, D [0000-0001-6524-2447], Doi, Y [0000-0001-8746-6548], Ching, TC [0000-0001-8516-2532], Lai, SP [0000-0001-5522-486X], Wang, JW [0000-0002-6668-974X], Koch, PM [0000-0003-2777-5861], Kwon, J [0000-0003-2815-7774], Kwon, W [0000-0003-4022-4132], Bastien, P [0000-0002-0794-3859], Arzoumanian, D [0000-0002-1959-7201], Coudé, S [0000-0002-0859-0805], Soam, A [0000-0002-6386-2906], Fanciullo, L [0000-0001-9930-9240], Yen, HW [0000-0003-1412-893X], Liu, J [0000-0002-4774-2998], Hoang, T [0000-0003-2017-0982], Ping Chen, W [0000-0003-0262-272X], Shimajiri, Y [0000-0001-9368-3143], Liu, T [0000-0002-5286-2564], Chen, Z [0000-0003-0849-0692], Li, HB [0000-0003-2641-9240], Lyo, AR [0000-0002-9907-8427], Hwang, J [0000-0001-7866-2686], Johnstone, D [0000-0002-6773-459X], Rao, R [0000-0002-1407-7944], Bich Ngoc, N [0000-0002-5913-5554], Ngoc Diep, P [0000-0002-2808-0888], Mairs, S [0000-0002-6956-0730], Parsons, H [0000-0002-6327-3423], Tamura, M [0000-0002-6510-0681], Tahani, M [0000-0001-8749-1436], Vivien Chen, HR [0000-0002-9774-1846], Nakamura, F [0000-0001-5431-2294], Shinnaga, H [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tang, YW [0000-0002-0675-276X], Cho, J [0000-0003-1725-4376], Won Lee, C [0000-0002-3179-6334], Inutsuka, SI [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, K [0000-0002-2707-7548], Qian, L [0000-0003-0597-0957], Xie, J [0000-0002-2738-146X], Liu, HL [0000-0003-3343-9645], Zhang, CP [0000-0002-4428-3183], Zhou, J [0000-0003-0356-818X], André, P [0000-0002-3413-2293], Liu, SY [0000-0003-4603-7119], Lu, X [0000-0003-2619-9305], Bourke, TL [0000-0001-7491-0048], Byun, DY [0000-0003-1157-4109], Eden, D [0000-0002-5881-3229], Matthews, B [0000-0003-3017-9577], Fissel, LM [0000-0002-4666-609X], Kim, KT [0000-0003-2412-7092], Lee, CF [0000-0002-3024-5864], Kim, J [0000-0002-1229-0426], Pyo, TS [0000-0002-3273-0804], Chrysostomou, A [0000-0002-9583-8644], Jung Chung, E [0000-0003-0014-1527], Ngoc Tram, L [0000-0002-6488-8227], Franzmann, E [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, P [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, R [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, G [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, T [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, S [0000-0001-9361-5781], Griffin, M [0000-0002-0033-177X], Gu, Q [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, J [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, M [0000-0003-4420-8674], Kawabata, K [0000-0001-6099-9539], Jeong, IG [0000-0002-5492-6832], Kang, JH [0000-0001-7379-6263], Kang, SJ [0000-0002-5004-7216], Kang, M [0000-0002-5016-050X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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5101 Astronomical Sciences ,51 Physical Sciences - Abstract
We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
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- 2021
36. The JCMT Transient Survey: Four-year Summary of Monitoring the Submillimeter Variability of Protostars
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Jonathan M. C. Rawlings, Helen Kirk, Dipen Sahu, Oscar Morata, Samuel Pearson, Yuri Aikawa, James Lane, Aashish Gupta, Jaehan Bae, Fujun Du, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Daniel Harsono, Geumsook Park, Giseon Baek, Yi-Jehng Kuan, Geoffrey C. Bower, Gregory J. Herczeg, Spencer Plovie, Aleks Scholz, Doug Johnstone, Chin-Fei Lee, Zhen Guo, Hsien Shang, Hyunju Yoo, Graham S. Bell, Jeong-Eun Lee, Yong-Hee Lee, Carlos Contreras-Peña, Woojin Kwon, Paula S. Teixeira, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Gerald H. Moriarty-Schieven, Bhavana Lalchand, Somnath Dutta, Jan Forbrich, Ziyan Xu, Shih-Yun Tang, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Dimitris Stamatellos, Jennifer Hatchell, Colton Broughton, Tim Naylor, Wen Ping Chen, Yao-Te Wang, Tanvi Sharma, Tyler L. Bourke, Andy Pon, Steve Mairs, Shih-Ping Lai, Logan Francis, Miju Kang, Scott Chapman, Tie Liu, University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy, and University of St Andrews. St Andrews Centre for Exoplanet Science
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Variable stars ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,0103 physical sciences ,QB Astronomy ,Protostar ,FU Orionis stars ,14. Life underwater ,Pre-main sequence stars ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,QC ,QB ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Star formation ,F510 ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,3rd-DAS ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Young stellar objects ,Protostars ,QC Physics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Transient (oscillation) ,Submillimeter astronomy - Abstract
We present the four-year survey results of monthly submillimeter monitoring of eight nearby ($< 500 $pc) star-forming regions by the JCMT Transient Survey. We apply the Lomb-Scargle Periodogram technique to search for and characterize variability on 295 submillimeter peaks brighter than 0.14 Jy beam$^{-1}$, including 22 disk sources (Class II), 83 protostars (Class 0/I), and 190 starless sources. We uncover 18 secular variables, all of them protostars. No single-epoch burst or drop events and no inherently stochastic sources are observed. We classify the secular variables by their timescales into three groups: Periodic, Curved, and Linear. For the Curved and Periodic cases, the detectable fractional amplitude, with respect to mean peak brightness, is $\sim4$ % for sources brighter than $\sim$ 0.5 Jy beam$^{-1}$. Limiting our sample to only these bright sources, the observed variable fraction is 37 % (16 out of 43). Considering source evolution, we find a similar fraction of bright variables for both Class 0 and Class I. Using an empirically motivated conversion from submillimeter variability to variation in mass accretion rate, six sources (7 % of our full sample) are predicted to have years-long accretion events during which the excess mass accreted reaches more than 40 % above the total quiescently accreted mass: two previously known eruptive Class I sources, V1647 Ori and EC 53 (V371 Ser), and four Class 0 sources, HOPS 356, HOPS 373, HOPS 383, and West 40. Considering the full protostellar ensemble, the importance of episodic accretion on few years timescale is negligible, only a few percent of the assembled mass. However, given that this accretion is dominated by events of order the observing time-window, it remains uncertain as to whether the importance of episodic events will continue to rise with decades-long monitoring., Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
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- 2021
37. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: An 850/450$\mu$m Polarization Study of NGC 2071IR in OrionB
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A-Ran Lyo, Jongsoo Kim, Sarah Sadavoy, Doug Johnstone, David Berry, Kate Pattle, Woojin Kwon, Pierre Bastien, Takashi Onaka, James Di Francesco, Ji-Hyun Kang, Ray Furuya, Charles L. H. Hull, Motohide Tamura, Patrick M. Koch, Derek Ward-Thompson, Tetsuo Hasegawa, Thiem Hoang, Doris Arzoumanian, Chang Won Lee, Chin-Fei Lee, Do-Young Byun, Florian Kirchschlager, Yasuo Doi, Kee-Tae Kim, Jihye Hwang, Pham Ngoc Diep, Lapo Fanciullo, Sang-Sung Lee, Geumsook Park, Hyunju Yoo, Eun Jung Chung, Anthony Whitworth, Steve Mairs, Archana Soam, Tie Liu, Xindi Tang, Simon Coudé, Philippe André, Tyler L. Bourke, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Zhiwei Chen, Wen Ping Chen, Mike Chen, Tao-Chung Ching, Jungyeon Cho, Minho Choi, Yunhee Choi, Antonio Chrysostomou, Sophia Dai, C. Darren Dowell, Hao-Yuan Duan, Yan Duan, David Eden, Chakali Eswaraiah, Stewart Eyres, Jason Fiege, Laura M. Fissel, Erica Franzmann, Per Friberg, Rachel Friesen, Gary Fuller, Tim Gledhill, Sarah Graves, Jane Greaves, Matt Griffin, Qilao Gu, Ilseung Han, Jannifer Hatchell, Saeko Hayashi, Martin Houde, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Shu-ichiro Inutsuka, Kazunari Iwasaki, Il-Gyo Jeong, Miju Kang, Akimasa Kataoka, Koji Kawabata, Francisca Kemper, Gwanjeong Kim, Mi-Ryang Kim, Shinyoung Kim, Kyoung Hee Kim, Jason Kirk, Masato I. N. Kobayashi, Vera Könyves, Takayoshi Kusune, Jungmi Kwon, Kevin Lacaille, Shih-Ping Lai, Chi-Yan Law, Jeong-Eun Lee, Yong-Hee Lee, Hyeseung Lee, Dalei Li, Di Li, Hua-Bai Li, Hong-Li Liu, Junhao Liu, Sheng-Yuan Liu, Xing Lu, Masafumi Matsumura, Brenda Matthews, Gerald Moriarty-Schieven, Tetsuya Nagata, Fumitaka Nakamura, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Nguyen Bich Ngoc, Nagayoshi Ohashi, Harriet Parsons, Nicolas Peretto, Felix Priestley, Tae-soo Pyo, Lei Qian, Keping Qiu, Ramprasad Rao, Jonathan Rawlings, Mark G. Rawlings, Brendan Retter, John Richer, Andrew Rigby, Hiro Saito, Giorgio Savini, Anna Scaife, Masumichi Seta, Yoshito Shimajiri, Hiroko Shinnaga, Mehrnoosh Tahani, Ya-Wen Tang, Kohji Tomisaka, Le Ngoc Tram, Yusuke Tsukamoto, Serena Viti, Jia-Wei Wang, Hongchi Wang, Jinjin Xie, Hsi-Wei Yen, Jinghua Yuan, Hyeong-Sik Yun, Tetsuya Zenko, Guoyin Zhang, Chuan-Peng Zhang, Yapeng Zhang, Jianjun Zhou, Lei Zhu, Ilse de Looze, Sam Falle, Jean-François Robitaille, Sven van Loo, Lyo, A-Ran [0000-0002-9907-8427], Kim, Jongsoo [0000-0002-1229-0426], Johnstone, Doug [0000-0002-6773-459X], Pattle, Kate [0000-0002-8557-3582], Kwon, Woojin [0000-0003-4022-4132], Bastien, Pierre [0000-0002-0794-3859], Onaka, Takashi [0000-0002-8234-6747], Kang, Ji-Hyun [0000-0001-7379-6263], Furuya, Ray [0000-0003-0646-8782], Hull, Charles L. H. [0000-0002-8975-7573], Tamura, Motohide [0000-0002-6510-0681], Koch, Patrick M. [0000-0003-2777-5861], Ward-Thompson, Derek [0000-0003-1140-2761], Hoang, Thiem [0000-0003-2017-0982], Arzoumanian, Doris [0000-0002-1959-7201], Lee, Chin-Fei [0000-0002-3024-5864], Byun, Do-Young [0000-0003-1157-4109], Kirchschlager, Florian [0000-0002-3036-0184], Doi, Yasuo [0000-0001-8746-6548], Kim, Kee-Tae [0000-0003-2412-7092], Hwang, Jihye [0000-0001-7866-2686], Lee, Sang-Sung [0000-0002-6269-594X], Park, Geumsook [0000-0001-8467-3736], Yoo, Hyunju [0000-0002-8578-1728], Chung, Eun Jung [0000-0003-0014-1527], Mairs, Steve [0000-0002-6956-0730], Soam, Archana [0000-0002-6386-2906], Liu, Tie [0000-0002-5286-2564], Tang, Xindi [0000-0002-4154-4309], Coudé, Simon [0000-0002-0859-0805], André, Philippe [0000-0002-3413-2293], Bourke, Tyler L. [0000-0001-7491-0048], Chen, Zhiwei [0000-0003-0849-0692], Ping Chen, Wen [0000-0002-5519-0628], Ching, Tao-Chung [0000-0001-8516-2532], Cho, Jungyeon [0000-0003-1725-4376], Chrysostomou, Antonio [0000-0002-9583-8644], Eden, David [0000-0002-5881-3229], Franzmann, Erica [0000-0003-2142-0357], Friberg, Per [0000-0002-8010-8454], Friesen, Rachel [0000-0001-7594-8128], Fuller, Gary [0000-0001-8509-1818], Gledhill, Tim [0000-0002-2859-4600], Graves, Sarah [0000-0001-9361-5781], Gu, Qilao [0000-0002-2826-1902], Hatchell, Jannifer [0000-0002-4870-2760], Houde, Martin [0000-0003-4420-8674], Inoue, Tsuyoshi [0000-0002-7935-8771], Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro [0000-0003-4366-6518], Iwasaki, Kazunari [0000-0002-2707-7548], Kang, Miju [0000-0002-5016-050X], Kataoka, Akimasa [0000-0003-4562-4119], Kawabata, Koji [0000-0001-6099-9539], Kemper, Francisca [0000-0003-2743-8240], Kim, Gwanjeong [0000-0003-2011-8172], Kim, Mi-Ryang [0000-0002-1408-7747], Kim, Shinyoung [0000-0001-9333-5608], Kirk, Jason [0000-0002-4552-7477], Kobayashi, Masato I. N. [0000-0003-3990-1204], Könyves, Vera [0000-0002-3746-1498], Kusune, Takayoshi [0000-0002-9218-9319], Kwon, Jungmi [0000-0003-2815-7774], Lacaille, Kevin [0000-0001-9870-5663], Lai, Shih-Ping [0000-0001-5522-486X], Law, Chi-Yan [0000-0003-1964-970X], Lee, Jeong-Eun [0000-0003-3119-2087], Lee, Yong-Hee [0000-0001-6047-701X], Lee, Hyeseung [0000-0003-3465-3213], Li, Di [0000-0003-3010-7661], Li, Hua-Bai [0000-0003-2641-9240], Liu, Junhao [0000-0002-4774-2998], Liu, Sheng-Yuan [0000-0003-4603-7119], Lu, Xing [0000-0003-2619-9305], Matsumura, Masafumi [0000-0002-6906-0103], Matthews, Brenda [0000-0003-3017-9577], Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald [0000-0002-0393-7822], Nagata, Tetsuya [0000-0001-9264-9015], Nakamura, Fumitaka [0000-0001-5431-2294], Ohashi, Nagayoshi [0000-0003-0998-5064], Parsons, Harriet [0000-0002-6327-3423], Pyo, Tae-soo [0000-0002-3273-0804], Qian, Lei [0000-0003-0597-0957], Qiu, Keping [0000-0002-5093-5088], Rao, Ramprasad [0000-0002-1407-7944], Rawlings, Jonathan [0000-0001-5560-1303], Rawlings, Mark G. [0000-0002-6529-202X], Richer, John [0000-0002-9693-6860], Rigby, Andrew [0000-0002-3351-2200], Savini, Giorgio [0000-0003-4449-9416], Shimajiri, Yoshito [0000-0001-9368-3143], Shinnaga, Hiroko [0000-0001-9407-6775], Tang, Ya-Wen [0000-0002-0675-276X], Tomisaka, Kohji [0000-0003-2726-0892], Tram, Le Ngoc [0000-0002-6488-8227], Viti, Serena [0000-0001-8504-8844], Wang, Jia-Wei [0000-0002-6668-974X], Wang, Hongchi [0000-0003-0746-7968], Yen, Hsi-Wei [0000-0003-1412-893X], Yun, Hyeong-Sik [0000-0001-6842-1555], Zhang, Chuan-Peng [0000-0002-4428-3183], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Young stellar object ,FAR-INFRARED POLARIZATION ,Astrophysics ,F500 ,IMAGING POLARIMETRY ,MAGNETIC-FIELDS ,Gravitational energy ,STAR-FORMATION ,interstellar magnetic fields ,Bipolar outflow ,SCUBA-2 ,FORMING MOLECULAR CLOUDS ,GOULD BELT SURVEY ,James Clerk Maxwell Telescope ,polarimetry ,Physics ,interstellar medium ,SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION ,Magnetic energy ,Center (category theory) ,Interstellar Matter and the Local Universe ,CORES ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Polarization (waves) ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Magnetic field ,Physics and Astronomy ,BIPOLAR OUTFLOW ,Space and Planetary Science ,star forming regions - Abstract
We present the results of simultaneous 450 $\mu$m and 850 $\mu$m polarization observations toward the massive star forming region NGC 2071IR, a target of the BISTRO (B-fields in Star-Forming Region Observations) Survey, using the POL-2 polarimeter and SCUBA-2 camera mounted on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We find a pinched magnetic field morphology in the central dense core region, which could be due to a rotating toroidal disk-like structure and a bipolar outflow originating from the central young stellar object, IRS 3. Using the modified Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we obtain a plane-of-sky magnetic field strength of 563$\pm$421 $\mu$G in the central $\sim$0.12 pc region from 850 $\mu$m polarization data. The corresponding magnetic energy density of 2.04$\times$10$^{-8}$ erg cm$^{-3}$ is comparable to the turbulent and gravitational energy densities in the region. We find that the magnetic field direction is very well aligned with the whole of the IRS 3 bipolar outflow structure. We find that the median value of polarization fractions, 3.0 \%, at 450 $\mu$m in the central 3 arcminute region, which is larger than the median value of 1.2 \% at 850 $\mu$m. The trend could be due to the better alignment of warmer dust in the strong radiation environment. We also find that polarization fractions decrease with intensity at both wavelengths, with slopes, determined by fitting a Rician noise model, of $0.59 \pm 0.03$ at 450 $\mu$m and $0.36 \pm 0.04$ at 850 $\mu$m, respectively. We think that the shallow slope at 850 $\mu$m is due to grain alignment at the center being assisted by strong radiation from the central young stellar objects., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
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- 2021
38. Provider perceptions and practices for appearance-related psychosocial distress caused by dermatologic disease in children
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Vivien Chen and Fernanda Bellodi Schmidt
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Staffing ,Psychological distress ,Dermatology ,Disease ,Mental health ,Distress ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Family medicine ,Physicians ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Quality of Life ,Medicine ,Humans ,Perception ,business ,Child ,Psychosocial ,Referral and Consultation ,Patient education - Abstract
Background/objectives Differences in appearance are often stigmatized in society, and dermatologic disease can lead to psychological and social sequelae that significantly impact patient quality of life. However, discrepancy between patient-reported and physician-assessed psychological distress raises a question of how clinicians are prepared in recognizing and managing the psychosocial impact of a child's skin condition. We aim to identify current practices among healthcare providers toward properly addressing appearance-related psychosocial distress in pediatric dermatology patients. Methods Surveys assessing provider attitude and practices to appearance-related distress were distributed to members of the Society of Pediatric Dermatology via the Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance, and Florida Chapter of American Academy of Pediatrics. Results Over half of respondents report encountering appearance-related psychosocial distress on a daily basis and believe screening to be important. However, only 14% use a validated screening tool and 18% screen all patients. Major obstacles to generalized screening were limited time and staffing. Self-reported knowledge and management of appearance-related psychosocial distress includes direct counseling and referrals to local support groups, mental health providers, specialized summer camps, and school-affiliated resources. Nevertheless, 86% expressed interest in learning more about appearance-related psychosocial distress, particularly about patient education and resources. Conclusions Although clinicians frequently encounter appearance-related distress with pediatric dermatology patients, screening is selective and lacks standardization. Self-reported knowledge and management is comprehensive, but there is a need for increased training in patient education and resources.
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- 2021
39. Gravity Driven Magnetic Field at ~1000 au Scales in High-mass Star Formation
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Andrés E. Guzmán, Fernando A. Olguin, James M. Jackson, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Ian W. Stephens, Ken'ichi Tatematsu, Andrea Silva, Ya-Wen Tang, Paulo C. Cortes, Marco Padovani, P. Frau, Qizhou Zhang, Charles L. H. Hull, Josep M. Girart, Luis A. Zapata, Benjamin Wu, Daniele Galli, Takeshi Sakai, Xing Lu, Manuel Fernández-López, Patrick M. Koch, Fumitaka Nakamura, Patricio Sanhueza, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
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Gravity (chemistry) ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Polarimetry ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https] ,Star forming regions ,Massive stars ,0103 physical sciences ,Star-forming regions ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,Dust continuum emission ,Star formation ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https] ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Young stellar objects ,Magnetic field ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,Magnetic fields ,High mass - Abstract
A full understanding of high-mass star formation requires the study of one of the most elusive components of the energy balance in the interstellar medium: magnetic fields. We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) 1.2 mm, high-resolution (700 au) dust polarization and molecular line observations of the rotating hot molecular core embedded in the high-mass star-forming region IRAS 18089-1732. The dust continuum emission and magnetic field morphology present spiral-like features resembling a whirlpool. The velocity field traced by the H13CO+ (J = 3-2) transition line reveals a complex structure with spiral filaments that are likely infalling and rotating, dragging the field with them. We have modeled the magnetic field and find that the best model corresponds to a weakly magnetized core with a mass-to-magnetic-flux ratio (λ) of 8.38. The modeled magnetic field is dominated by a poloidal component, but with an important contribution from the toroidal component that has a magnitude of 30% of the poloidal component. Using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimate a magnetic field strength of 3.5 mG. At the spatial scales accessible to ALMA, an analysis of the energy balance of the system indicates that gravity overwhelms turbulence, rotation, and the magnetic field. We show that high-mass star formation can occur in weakly magnetized environments, with gravity taking the dominant role., P.S. and B.W. were partially supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI number 18H01259) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). J.M.G. is supported by the Spanish grant AYA2017-84390-C2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE). C.L.H.H. acknowledges the support of the NAOJ Fellowship and JSPS KAKENHI grants 18K13586 and 20K14527. J.M.J.'s research was conducted in part at the SOFIA Science Center, which is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under contract NNA17BF53C with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. K.T. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI grant No. 20H05645. Data analysis was in part carried out on the Multi-wavelength Data Analysis System operated by the Astronomy Data Center (ADC), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. This paper makes use of the following ALMA data: ADS/JAO.ALMA#2017.1.00101.S. ALMA is a partnership of ESO (representing its member states), NSF (USA) and NINS (Japan), together with NRC (Canada), MOST and ASIAA (Taiwan), and KASI (Republic of Korea), in cooperation with the Republic of Chile. The Joint ALMA Observatory is operated by ESO, AUI/NRAO and NAOJ.
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- 2021
40. The JCMT Transient Survey: Four-year Summary of Monitoring the Submillimeter Variability of Protostars
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Lee, Yong-Hee, primary, Johnstone, Doug, additional, Lee, Jeong-Eun, additional, Herczeg, Gregory, additional, Mairs, Steve, additional, Contreras-Peña, Carlos, additional, Hatchell, Jennifer, additional, Naylor, Tim, additional, Bell, Graham S., additional, Bourke, Tyler L., additional, Broughton, Colton, additional, Francis, Logan, additional, Gupta, Aashish, additional, Harsono, Daniel, additional, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, additional, Park, Geumsook, additional, Plovie, Spencer, additional, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald H., additional, Scholz, Aleks, additional, Sharma, Tanvi, additional, Stella Teixeira, Paula, additional, Wang, Yao-Te, additional, Aikawa, Yuri, additional, Bower, Geoffrey C., additional, Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru, additional, Bae, Jaehan, additional, Baek, Giseon, additional, Chapman, Scott, additional, Ping Chen, Wen, additional, Du, Fujun, additional, Dutta, Somnath, additional, Forbrich, Jan, additional, Guo, Zhen, additional, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, additional, Kang, Miju, additional, Kirk, Helen, additional, Kuan, Yi-Jehng, additional, Kwon, Woojin, additional, Lai, Shih-Ping, additional, Lalchand, Bhavana, additional, Lane, James M. M., additional, Lee, Chin-Fei, additional, Liu, Tie, additional, Morata, Oscar, additional, Pearson, Samuel, additional, Pon, Andy, additional, Sahu, Dipen, additional, Shang, Hsien, additional, Stamatellos, Dimitris, additional, Tang, Shih-Yun, additional, Xu, Ziyan, additional, Yoo, Hyunju, additional, and Rawlings, Jonathan M. C., additional
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- 2021
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41. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: An 850/450 μm Polarization Study of NGC 2071IR in Orion B
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Lyo, A-Ran, primary, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Sadavoy, Sarah, additional, Johnstone, Doug, additional, Berry, David, additional, Pattle, Kate, additional, Kwon, Woojin, additional, Bastien, Pierre, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Di Francesco, James, additional, Kang, Ji-Hyun, additional, Furuya, Ray, additional, Hull, Charles L. H., additional, Tamura, Motohide, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, additional, Hoang, Thiem, additional, Arzoumanian, Doris, additional, Won Lee, Chang, additional, Lee, Chin-Fei, additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Kirchschlager, Florian, additional, Doi, Yasuo, additional, Kim, Kee-Tae, additional, Hwang, Jihye, additional, Diep, Pham Ngoc, additional, Fanciullo, Lapo, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Park, Geumsook, additional, Yoo, Hyunju, additional, Chung, Eun Jung, additional, Whitworth, Anthony, additional, Mairs, Steve, additional, Soam, Archana, additional, Liu, Tie, additional, Tang, Xindi, additional, Coudé, Simon, additional, André, Philippe, additional, Bourke, Tyler L., additional, Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru, additional, Chen, Zhiwei, additional, Ping Chen, Wen, additional, Chen, Mike, additional, Ching, Tao-Chung, additional, Cho, Jungyeon, additional, Choi, Minho, additional, Choi, Yunhee, additional, Chrysostomou, Antonio, additional, Dai, Sophia, additional, Dowell, C. Darren, additional, Duan, Hao-Yuan, additional, Duan, Yan, additional, Eden, David, additional, Eswaraiah, Chakali, additional, Eyres, Stewart, additional, Fiege, Jason, additional, Fissel, Laura M., additional, Franzmann, Erica, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Friesen, Rachel, additional, Fuller, Gary, additional, Gledhill, Tim, additional, Graves, Sarah, additional, Greaves, Jane, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Gu, Qilao, additional, Han, Ilseung, additional, Hatchell, Jannifer, additional, Hayashi, Saeko, additional, Houde, Martin, additional, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, additional, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, additional, Iwasaki, Kazunari, additional, Jeong, Il-Gyo, additional, Kang, Miju, additional, Kataoka, Akimasa, additional, Kawabata, Koji, additional, Kemper, Francisca, additional, Kim, Gwanjeong, additional, Kim, Mi-Ryang, additional, Kim, Shinyoung, additional, Kim, Kyoung Hee, additional, Kirk, Jason, additional, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., additional, Könyves, Vera, additional, Kusune, Takayoshi, additional, Kwon, Jungmi, additional, Lacaille, Kevin, additional, Lai, Shih-Ping, additional, Law, Chi-Yan, additional, Lee, Jeong-Eun, additional, Lee, Yong-Hee, additional, Lee, Hyeseung, additional, Li, Dalei, additional, Li, Di, additional, Li, Hua-Bai, additional, Liu, Hong-Li, additional, Liu, Junhao, additional, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, additional, Lu, Xing, additional, Matsumura, Masafumi, additional, Matthews, Brenda, additional, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, additional, Nagata, Tetsuya, additional, Nakamura, Fumitaka, additional, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, additional, Bich Ngoc, Nguyen, additional, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Peretto, Nicolas, additional, Priestley, Felix, additional, Pyo, Tae-soo, additional, Qian, Lei, additional, Qiu, Keping, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Rawlings, Jonathan, additional, Rawlings, Mark G., additional, Retter, Brendan, additional, Richer, John, additional, Rigby, Andrew, additional, Saito, Hiro, additional, Savini, Giorgio, additional, Scaife, Anna, additional, Seta, Masumichi, additional, Shimajiri, Yoshito, additional, Shinnaga, Hiroko, additional, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, additional, Tang, Ya-Wen, additional, Tomisaka, Kohji, additional, Tram, Le Ngoc, additional, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, additional, Viti, Serena, additional, Wang, Jia-Wei, additional, Wang, Hongchi, additional, Xie, Jinjin, additional, Yen, Hsi-Wei, additional, Yuan, Jinghua, additional, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, additional, Zenko, Tetsuya, additional, Zhang, Guoyin, additional, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, additional, Zhang, Yapeng, additional, Zhou, Jianjun, additional, Zhu, Lei, additional, de Looze, Ilse, additional, Falle, Sam, additional, Robitaille, Jean-François, additional, and van Loo, Sven, additional
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- 2021
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42. Observational signatures of outbursting protostars – II. Exploring a wide range of eruptive protostars
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Gregory J. Herczeg, Benjamin MacFarlane, Giseon Baek, Sung-ju Kang, Doug Johnstone, Dimitris Stamatellos, Jeong-Eun Lee, and Huei-Ru Vivien Chen
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Young stellar object ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Flux ,F500 ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Luminosity ,0103 physical sciences ,Radiative transfer ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Protostar ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Stars ,Wavelength ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) - Abstract
Young stars exhibit variability due to changes in the gas accretion rate onto them, an effect that should be quite significant in the early stages of their formation. As protostars are embedded within their natal cloud, this variability may only be inferred through long wavelength observations. We perform radiative transfer simulations of young stellar objects (YSOs) formed in hydrodynamical simulations, varying the structure and luminosity properties in order to estimate the long-wavelength, sub-mm and mm, variations of their flux. We find that the flux increase due to an outburst event depends on the protostellar structure and is more prominent at sub-mm wavelengths than at mm wavelengths; e.g. a factor of 40 increase in the luminosity of the young protostar leads to a flux increase of a factor of 10 at 250 micron but only a factor of 2.5 at 1.3 mm. We find that the interstellar radiation field dilutes the flux increase but that this effect may be avoided if resolution permits the monitoring of the inner regions of a YSO, where the heating is primarily due to protostellar radiation. We also confirm that the bolometric temperature and luminosity of outbursting protostars may result in an incorrect classification of their evolutionary stage., Comment: MNRAS accepted, 8 pages, 9 figures
- Published
- 2019
43. Enforcement of directors’ duties in Malaysia and Australia: the implications of context
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Vivien Chen
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Directors' duties ,Law ,Corporate law ,Context (language use) ,Business ,Enforcement ,Misappropriation - Abstract
In recent years, the misappropriation of corporate assets by 1MDB, a high-profile Malaysian company, has precipitated international investigations by regulatory authorities. Although the scandal re...
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- 2019
44. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
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Eswaraiah, Chakali, primary, Li, Di, additional, Furuya, Ray S., additional, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, additional, Ward-Thompson, Derek, additional, Qiu, Keping, additional, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, additional, Pattle, Kate, additional, Sadavoy, Sarah, additional, Hull, Charles L. H., additional, Berry, David, additional, Doi, Yasuo, additional, Ching, Tao-Chung, additional, Lai, Shih-Ping, additional, Wang, Jia-Wei, additional, Koch, Patrick M., additional, Kwon, Jungmi, additional, Kwon, Woojin, additional, Bastien, Pierre, additional, Arzoumanian, Doris, additional, Coudé, Simon, additional, Soam, Archana, additional, Fanciullo, Lapo, additional, Yen, Hsi-Wei, additional, Liu, Junhao, additional, Hoang, Thiem, additional, Ping Chen, Wen, additional, Shimajiri, Yoshito, additional, Liu, Tie, additional, Chen, Zhiwei, additional, Li, Hua-bai, additional, Lyo, A-Ran, additional, Hwang, Jihye, additional, Johnstone, Doug, additional, Rao, Ramprasad, additional, Bich Ngoc, Nguyen, additional, Ngoc Diep, Pham, additional, Mairs, Steve, additional, Parsons, Harriet, additional, Tamura, Motohide, additional, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, additional, Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru, additional, Nakamura, Fumitaka, additional, Shinnaga, Hiroko, additional, Tang, Ya-Wen, additional, Cho, Jungyeon, additional, Won Lee, Chang, additional, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, additional, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, additional, Iwasaki, Kazunari, additional, Qian, Lei, additional, Xie, Jinjin, additional, Li, Dalei, additional, Liu, Hong-Li, additional, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, additional, Chen, Mike, additional, Zhang, Guoyin, additional, Zhu, Lei, additional, Zhou, Jianjun, additional, André, Philippe, additional, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, additional, Yuan, Jinghua, additional, Lu, Xing, additional, Peretto, Nicolas, additional, Bourke, Tyler L., additional, Byun, Do-Young, additional, Dai, Sophia, additional, Duan, Yan, additional, Duan, Hao-Yuan, additional, Eden, David, additional, Matthews, Brenda, additional, Fiege, Jason, additional, Fissel, Laura M., additional, Kim, Kee-Tae, additional, Lee, Chin-Fei, additional, Kim, Jongsoo, additional, Pyo, Tae-Soo, additional, Choi, Yunhee, additional, Choi, Minho, additional, Chrysostomou, Antonio, additional, Jung Chung, Eun, additional, Ngoc Tram, Le, additional, Franzmann, Erica, additional, Friberg, Per, additional, Friesen, Rachel, additional, Fuller, Gary, additional, Gledhill, Tim, additional, Graves, Sarah, additional, Greaves, Jane, additional, Griffin, Matt, additional, Gu, Qilao, additional, Han, Ilseung, additional, Hatchell, Jennifer, additional, Hayashi, Saeko, additional, Houde, Martin, additional, Kawabata, Koji, additional, Jeong, Il-Gyo, additional, Kang, Ji-hyun, additional, Kang, Sung-ju, additional, Kang, Miju, additional, Kataoka, Akimasa, additional, Kemper, Francisca, additional, Rawlings, Mark, additional, Rawlings, Jonathan, additional, Retter, Brendan, additional, Richer, John, additional, Rigby, Andrew, additional, Saito, Hiro, additional, Savini, Giorgio, additional, Scaife, Anna, additional, Seta, Masumichi, additional, Kim, Gwanjeong, additional, Hee Kim, Kyoung, additional, Kim, Mi-Ryang, additional, Kirchschlager, Florian, additional, Kirk, Jason, additional, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., additional, Konyves, Vera, additional, Kusune, Takayoshi, additional, Lacaille, Kevin, additional, Law, Chi-Yan, additional, Lee, Sang-Sung, additional, Lee, Yong-Hee, additional, Matsumura, Masafumi, additional, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, additional, Nagata, Tetsuya, additional, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, additional, Onaka, Takashi, additional, Park, Geumsook, additional, Tang, Xindi, additional, Tomisaka, Kohji, additional, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, additional, Viti, Serena, additional, Wang, Hongchi, additional, Whitworth, Anthony, additional, Yoo, Hyunju, additional, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, additional, Zenko, Tetsuya, additional, Zhang, Yapeng, additional, de Looze, Ilse, additional, Dowell, C. Darren, additional, Eyres, Stewart, additional, Falle, Sam, additional, Robitaille, Jean-François, additional, and van Loo, Sven, additional
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- 2021
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45. Digging into the Interior of Hot Cores with ALMA (DIHCA). I. Dissecting the High-mass Star-Forming Core G335.579-0.292 MM1
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Fumitaka Nakamura, Patricio Sanhueza, Andrés E. Guzmán, Shanghuo Li, Xing Lu, Fernando A. Olguin, Takeshi Sakai, Benjamin Wu, Kazuya Saigo, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Satoshi Ohashi, Andrea Silva, and Qizhou Zhang
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Physics ,Line-of-sight ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Star formation ,Continuum (design consultancy) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,Rotation ,01 natural sciences ,Submillimeter Array ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Galaxy ,Accretion (astrophysics) ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) ,0103 physical sciences ,Millimeter ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
We observed the high-mass star-forming region G335.579-0.292 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at 226 GHz with an angular resolution of 0.3'' ($\sim 1000$ au resolution at the source distance). G335.579-0.292 hosts one of the most massive cores in the Galaxy (G335-MM1). The continuum emission shows that G335-MM1 fragments into at least five sources, while molecular line emission is detected in two of the continuum sources (ALMA1 and ALMA3). We found evidence of large and small scale infall in ALMA1 revealed by an inverse P-Cygni profile and the presence of a blue-shifted spot at the center of the first moment map of the CH$_3$CN emission. In addition, hot gas expansion in the innermost region is unveiled by a red-shifted spot in the first moment map of HDCO and (CH$_3$)$_2$CO (both with $E_u > 1100$ K). Our modeling reveals that this expansion motion originates close to the central source, likely due to reversal of the accretion flow induced by the expansion of the HII region, while infall and rotation motions originate in the outer regions. ALMA3 shows clear signs of rotation, with a rotation axis inclination with respect to the line of sight close to $90^\circ$, and a system mass (disk + star) in the range of 10-30 M$_\odot$., 15 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
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- 2021
46. Acute urticaria preceding other COVID‐19–associated manifestations—A case report
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Julia Escandon Brehm, Vivien Chen, and Fernanda Bellodi Schmidt
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Acute urticaria ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Asymptomatic ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,medicine.symptom ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Coronavirus - Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with a variety of dermatologic manifestations, often the predominant finding in otherwise asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic patients. Urticarial eruption is one example, but few cases have been reported among pediatric patients. We present a case of acute urticaria in a 6-month-old boy preceding other COVID-19 symptoms. The suspicion of a possible COVID-19-associated cutaneous manifestation prompted timely testing and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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- 2021
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47. Influence of landscape management practices on urban greenhouse gas budgets
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C. Gately, Marissa Lee, Ian A. Smith, Lucy R. Hutyra, Wiley J. Hundertmark, Vivien Chen, Pamela H. Templer, and Ashley H. Y. Bang
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Land management ,Climate change ,Context (language use) ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,01 natural sciences ,Urban carbon cycling ,Soil respiration ,Environmental protection ,Nature-based solution ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Ecosystem ,Landscaping ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Global and Planetary Change ,Tree canopy ,Research ,Lawn ,Climate action plan ,Greenhouse gas ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Biogenic fluxes - Abstract
Background With a lack of United States federal policy to address climate change, cities, the private sector, and universities have shouldered much of the work to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to determine how landcover characteristics influence the amount of carbon (C) sequestered and respired via biological processes, evaluating the role of land management on the overall C budget of an urban university. Boston University published a comprehensive Climate Action Plan in 2017 with the goal of achieving C neutrality by 2040. In this study, we digitized and discretized each of Boston University’s three urban campuses into landcover types, with C sequestration and respiration rates measured and scaled to provide a University-wide estimate of biogenic C fluxes within the broader context of total University emissions. Results Each of Boston University’s three highly urban campuses were net sources of biogenic C to the atmosphere. While trees were estimated to sequester 0.6 ± 0.2 kg C m−2 canopy cover year−1, mulch and lawn areas in 2018 emitted C at rates of 1.7 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1 and 1.4 ± 0.4 kg C m−2 year−1, respectively. C uptake by tree canopy cover, which can spatially overlap lawn and mulched landcovers, was not large enough to offset biogenic emissions. The proportion of biogenic emissions to Scope 1 anthropogenic emissions on each campus varied from 0.5% to 2%, and depended primarily on the total anthropogenic emissions on each campus. Conclusions Our study quantifies the role of urban landcover in local C budgets, offering insights on how landscaping management strategies—such as decreasing mulch application rates and expanding tree canopy extent—can assist universities in minimizing biogenic C emissions and even potentially creating a small biogenic C sink. Although biogenic C fluxes represent a small fraction of overall anthropogenic emissions on urban university campuses, these biogenic fluxes are under active management by the university and should be included in climate action plans.
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- 2021
48. Does the magnetic field suppress fragmentation in massive dense cores?
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Qizhou Zhang, Ram Rao, Hiroko Shinnaga, Sylvain Bontemps, Robert Estalella, Luis A. Zapata, Henrik Beuther, Patrick M. Koch, Paul T. P. Ho, Josep M. Girart, Aina Palau, A. Ahmadi, Hauyu Baobab Liu, Huei-Ru Vivien Chen, Junhao Liu, Tao-Chung Ching, Zhi-Yun Li, Keping Qiu, FEMIS 2021, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Interstellar magnetic fields ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Astrophysics - astrophysics of galaxies ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,1833, 1569, 845 ,01 natural sciences ,Submillimeter Array ,Astrophysics - solar and stellar astrophysics ,0103 physical sciences ,Dispersion (optics) ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Physics ,Turbulence ,Star formation ,Fragmentation (computing) ,Velocity dispersion ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Polarization (waves) ,Computational physics ,Magnetic field ,Young star clusters ,Core (optical fiber) ,Space and Planetary Science ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) - Abstract
Theoretical and numerical works indicate that a strong magnetic field should suppress fragmentation in dense cores. However, this has never been tested observationally in a relatively large sample of fragmenting massive dense cores. Here we use the polarization data obtained in the Submillimeter Array Legacy Survey of Zhang et al. to build a sample of 18 massive dense cores where both fragmentation and magnetic field properties are studied in a uniform way. We measured the fragmentation level, Nmm, within the field of view common to all regions, of 0.15 pc, with a mass sensitivity of about 0.5 Msun, and a spatial resolution of about 1000 au. In order to obtain the magnetic field strength using the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method, we estimated the dispersion of the polarization position angles, the velocity dispersion of the H13CO+(4-3) gas, and the density of each core, all averaged within 0.15 pc. A strong correlation is found between Nmm and the average density of the parental core, although with significant scatter. When large-scale systematic motions are separated from the velocity dispersion and only the small-scale (turbulent) contribution is taken into account, a tentative correlation is found between Nmm and the mass-to-flux ratio, as suggested by numerical and theoretical works., accepted in ApJ
- Published
- 2021
49. An Impending 'Avalanche': Debt Collection and Consumer Harm after COVID-19
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Ian Ramsay, Paul Ali, Vivien Chen, and Lucinda O'Brien
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Law reform ,History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Public economics ,Common law ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Harm ,Debt ,Economic abuse ,Domestic violence ,Economic impact analysis ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Enforcement ,media_common - Abstract
Debt collection activity is expected to rise significantly in 2021, as financial hardship becomes more prevalent due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Consumer advocates have warned of an impending “avalanche in debt collection” and have called for better enforcement of laws designed to protect consumers from harassment as well as unfair, misleading and deceptive conduct by debt collectors. Women’s groups have also pointed to a rise in economic abuse, and resulting indebtedness, in the context of a general escalation in family violence during the pandemic. This article examines the legal framework governing the Australian debt collection industry. Drawing on recent case law and a series of focus groups conducted by the authors, it outlines law reform and enforcement measures that would better protect consumers from harmful debt collection practices. These include specific measures to address the financial, social and psychological impacts of family violence and economic abuse.
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- 2021
50. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Revealing the Diverse Magnetic Field Morphologies in Taurus Dense Cores with Sensitive Submillimeter Polarimetry
- Author
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Chakali, Eswaraiah, Li, Di, Furuya, Ray S., Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Qiu, Keping, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Pattle, Kate, Sadavoy, Sarah, Hull, Charles L. H., Berry, David, Doi, Yasuo, Ching, Tao-Chung, Lai, Shih-Ping, Wang, Jia-Wei, Koch, Patrick M., Kwon, Jungmi, Kwon, Woojin, Bastien, Pierre, Arzoumanian, Doris, Coudé, Simon, Soam, Archana, Fanciullo, Lapo, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Liu, Junhao, Hoang, Thiem, Ping Chen, Wen, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Liu, Tie, Chen, Zhiwei, Li, Hua-bai, Lyo, A-Ran, Hwang, Jihye, Johnstone, Doug, Rao, Ramprasad, Bich Ngoc, Nguyen, Ngoc Diep, Pham, Mairs, Steve, Parsons, Harriet, Tamura, Motohide, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tang, Ya-Wen, Cho, Jungyeon, Won Lee, Chang, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Qian, Lei, Xie, Jinjin, Li, Dalei, Liu, Hong-Li, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Chen, Mike, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhu, Lei, Zhou, Jianjun, André, Philippe, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Yuan, Jinghua, Lu, Xing, Peretto, Nicolas, Bourke, Tyler L., Byun, Do-Young, Dai, Sophia, Duan, Yan, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Eden, David, Matthews, Brenda, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M., Kim, Kee-Tae, Lee, Chin-Fei, Kim, Jongsoo, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Choi, Yunhee, Choi, Minho, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Jung Chung, Eun, Ngoc Tram, Le, Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Fuller, Gary, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hatchell, Jennifer, Hayashi, Saeko, Houde, Martin, Kawabata, Koji, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Kang, Ji-hyun, Kang, Sung-ju, Kang, Miju, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kemper, Francisca, Rawlings, Mark, Rawlings, Jonathan, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Scaife, Anna, Seta, Masumichi, Kim, Gwanjeong, Hee Kim, Kyoung, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kirk, Jason, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Konyves, Vera, Kusune, Takayoshi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lee, Yong-Hee, Matsumura, Masafumi, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Onaka, Takashi, Park, Geumsook, Tang, Xindi, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Whitworth, Anthony, Yoo, Hyunju, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Yapeng, de Looze, Ilse, Dowell, C. Darren, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Robitaille, Jean-François, van Loo, Sven, Chakali, Eswaraiah, Li, Di, Furuya, Ray S., Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Qiu, Keping, Ohashi, Nagayoshi, Pattle, Kate, Sadavoy, Sarah, Hull, Charles L. H., Berry, David, Doi, Yasuo, Ching, Tao-Chung, Lai, Shih-Ping, Wang, Jia-Wei, Koch, Patrick M., Kwon, Jungmi, Kwon, Woojin, Bastien, Pierre, Arzoumanian, Doris, Coudé, Simon, Soam, Archana, Fanciullo, Lapo, Yen, Hsi-Wei, Liu, Junhao, Hoang, Thiem, Ping Chen, Wen, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Liu, Tie, Chen, Zhiwei, Li, Hua-bai, Lyo, A-Ran, Hwang, Jihye, Johnstone, Doug, Rao, Ramprasad, Bich Ngoc, Nguyen, Ngoc Diep, Pham, Mairs, Steve, Parsons, Harriet, Tamura, Motohide, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Vivien Chen, Huei-Ru, Nakamura, Fumitaka, Shinnaga, Hiroko, Tang, Ya-Wen, Cho, Jungyeon, Won Lee, Chang, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Iwasaki, Kazunari, Qian, Lei, Xie, Jinjin, Li, Dalei, Liu, Hong-Li, Zhang, Chuan-Peng, Chen, Mike, Zhang, Guoyin, Zhu, Lei, Zhou, Jianjun, André, Philippe, Liu, Sheng-Yuan, Yuan, Jinghua, Lu, Xing, Peretto, Nicolas, Bourke, Tyler L., Byun, Do-Young, Dai, Sophia, Duan, Yan, Duan, Hao-Yuan, Eden, David, Matthews, Brenda, Fiege, Jason, Fissel, Laura M., Kim, Kee-Tae, Lee, Chin-Fei, Kim, Jongsoo, Pyo, Tae-Soo, Choi, Yunhee, Choi, Minho, Chrysostomou, Antonio, Jung Chung, Eun, Ngoc Tram, Le, Franzmann, Erica, Friberg, Per, Friesen, Rachel, Fuller, Gary, Gledhill, Tim, Graves, Sarah, Greaves, Jane, Griffin, Matt, Gu, Qilao, Han, Ilseung, Hatchell, Jennifer, Hayashi, Saeko, Houde, Martin, Kawabata, Koji, Jeong, Il-Gyo, Kang, Ji-hyun, Kang, Sung-ju, Kang, Miju, Kataoka, Akimasa, Kemper, Francisca, Rawlings, Mark, Rawlings, Jonathan, Retter, Brendan, Richer, John, Rigby, Andrew, Saito, Hiro, Savini, Giorgio, Scaife, Anna, Seta, Masumichi, Kim, Gwanjeong, Hee Kim, Kyoung, Kim, Mi-Ryang, Kirchschlager, Florian, Kirk, Jason, Kobayashi, Masato I. N., Konyves, Vera, Kusune, Takayoshi, Lacaille, Kevin, Law, Chi-Yan, Lee, Sang-Sung, Lee, Yong-Hee, Matsumura, Masafumi, Moriarty-Schieven, Gerald, Nagata, Tetsuya, Nakanishi, Hiroyuki, Onaka, Takashi, Park, Geumsook, Tang, Xindi, Tomisaka, Kohji, Tsukamoto, Yusuke, Viti, Serena, Wang, Hongchi, Whitworth, Anthony, Yoo, Hyunju, Yun, Hyeong-Sik, Zenko, Tetsuya, Zhang, Yapeng, de Looze, Ilse, Dowell, C. Darren, Eyres, Stewart, Falle, Sam, Robitaille, Jean-François, and van Loo, Sven
- Abstract
We have obtained sensitive dust continuum polarization observations at 850 μm in the B213 region of Taurus using POL-2 on SCUBA-2 at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope as part of the B-fields in STar-forming Region Observations (BISTRO) survey. These observations allow us to probe magnetic field (B-field) at high spatial resolution (∼2000 au or ∼0.01 pc at 140 pc) in two protostellar cores (K04166 and K04169) and one prestellar core (Miz-8b) that lie within the B213 filament. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we estimate the B-field strengths in K04166, K04169, and Miz-8b to be 38 ± 14, 44 ± 16, and 12 ± 5 μG, respectively. These cores show distinct mean B-field orientations. The B-field in K04166 is well ordered and aligned parallel to the orientations of the core minor axis, outflows, core rotation axis, and large-scale uniform B-field, in accordance with magnetically regulated star formation via ambipolar diffusion taking place in K04166. The B-field in K04169 is found to be ordered but oriented nearly perpendicular to the core minor axis and large-scale B-field and not well correlated with other axes. In contrast, Miz-8b exhibits a disordered B-field that shows no preferred alignment with the core minor axis or large-scale field. We found that only one core, K04166, retains a memory of the large-scale uniform B-field. The other two cores, K04169 and Miz-8b, are decoupled from the large-scale field. Such a complex B-field configuration could be caused by gas inflow onto the filament, even in the presence of a substantial magnetic flux.
- Published
- 2021
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