16 results on '"Viviana Fini"'
Search Results
2. Correction: Symbolic universes between present and future of Europe. First results of the map of European societies' cultural milieu.
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Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri, Evrinomi Avdi, Fiorella Battaglia, Jorge Castro-Tejerina, Enrico Ciavolino, Marco Cremaschi, Irini Kadianaki, Nikita A Kharlamov, Anna Krasteva, Katrin Kullasepp, Anastassios Matsopoulos, Claudia Meschiari, Piergiorgio Mossi, Polivios Psinas, Rozlyn Redd, Alessia Rochira, Alfonso Santarpia, Gordon Sammut, Jaan Valsiner, Antonella Valmorbida, and Re.Cri.Re. Consortium
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189885.].
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- 2018
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3. Symbolic universes between present and future of Europe. First results of the map of European societies' cultural milieu.
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Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri, Evrinomi Avdi, Fiorella Battaglia, Jorge Castro-Tejerina, Enrico Ciavolino, Marco Cremaschi, Irini Kadianaki, Nikita A Kharlamov, Anna Krasteva, Katrin Kullasepp, Anastassios Matsopoulos, Claudia Meschiari, Piergiorgio Mossi, Polivios Psinas, Rozlyn Redd, Alessia Rochira, Alfonso Santarpia, Gordon Sammut, Jaan Valsiner, Antonella Valmorbida, and Re.Cri.Re. Consortium
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This paper reports the framework, method and main findings of an analysis of cultural milieus in 4 European countries (Estonia, Greece, Italy, and UK). The analysis is based on a questionnaire applied to a sample built through a two-step procedure of post-hoc random selection from a broader dataset based on an online survey. Responses to the questionnaire were subjected to multidimensional analysis-a combination of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. We identified 5 symbolic universes, that correspond to basic, embodied, affect-laden, generalized worldviews. People in this study see the world as either a) an ordered universe; b) a matter of interpersonal bond; c) a caring society; d) consisting of a niche of belongingness; e) a hostile place (others' world). These symbolic universes were also interpreted as semiotic capital: they reflect the capacity of a place to foster social and civic development. Moreover, the distribution of the symbolic universes, and therefore social and civic engagement, is demonstrated to be variable across the 4 countries in the analysis. Finally, we develop a retrospective reconstruction of the distribution of symbolic universes as well as the interplay between their current state and past, present and future socio-institutional scenarios.
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- 2018
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4. Neophobia, sensory experience and child’s schemata contribute to food choices
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Viviana Finistrella, Nicoletta Gianni, Danilo Fintini, Deny Menghini, Silvia Amendola, Lorenzo Maria Donini, and Melania Manco
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Food neophobia ,Food consumption ,Genetic ,Parental control ,Weight Status ,Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases ,RC620-627 - Abstract
Abstract Purpose The aim of the present review is to analyze dynamic interactions between nutrigenomics, environmental cues, and parental influence, which can all lead to children’s neophobic reactions and its persistence in time. Methods We reviewed studies available on electronic databases, conducted on children aged from birth to 18 years. We also considered official websites of Italian Institutions, providing advice on healthy eating during infancy. Results Modern day societies are faced with an eating paradox, which has severe and ever-growing implications for health. In face of a wider availability of healthy foods, individuals instead often choose processed foods high in fat, salt and sugar content. Economic reasons surely influence consumers’ access to foods. However, there is mounting evidence that food choices depend on the interplay between social learning and genetic predispositions (e.g., individual eating traits and food schemata). Neophobia, the behavioral avoidance of new foods, represents an interesting trait, which can significantly influence children’s food refusal. Early sensory experiences and negative cognitive schemata, in the context of primary caregiver–child interactions, importantly contribute to the priming of children’s food rejection. Conclusions As neophobia strongly affects consumption of healthy foods, it will be relevant to rule definitively out its role in the genesis of maladaptive food choices and weight status in longitudinal studies tracking to adulthood and, in meanwhile, implement early in life effective social learning strategies, to reduce long-term effects of neophobia on dietary patterns and weight status. Level of evidence Level II, controlled trials without randomization.
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- 2024
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5. Symbolic universes and (post)crisis scenarios
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Alessia Rochira, Irini Kadianaki, Martin Mølholm, Giuseppe Veltri, Gordon Sammut, Rozlyn Redd, Evrinomi Avdi, Anna Krasteva, Antonella Valmorbida, Fiorella Battaglia, Anastassios Matsopoulos, Terri Mannarini, Katrin Kullasepp, Marco Cremaschi, Alfonso Santarpia, Federico Russo, Viviana Fini, Guglielmo Forges Davanzati, Sergio Salvatore, Università del Salento [Lecce], University of Salento [Lecce], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques [FNSP], University of Cyprus (UCY), New Bulgarian University, Tallinn University, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Imperial College London, University of Malta [Malta], Laboratoire de psychologie clinique, de psychopathologie et de psychanalyse (LPCPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Trento [Trento], University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Jaan Valsiner, and Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri
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050402 sociology ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,0504 sociology ,Semiotics ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Sociology ,Valence (psychology) ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Social change ,Symbolic universes ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,16. Peace & justice ,Epistemology ,[SHS.RELIG]Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions ,Populism ,Cultural analysis ,Mentalization ,Brexit ,Embodied cognition ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology - Abstract
This chapter is a revised and reduced version of Salvatore, S., Mannarini and colleagues (2018). Globalization, demand of sense and enemization of the other. A psycho-cultural analysis of European societies’ socio-political crisis. Culture & Psychology.; International audience; This chapter will deal with an interpretation of the current socio-political European scenario (populism, raise of ultra-right parties, Brexit) in the light of the cultural analysis provided in the previous chapters. The main thesis that will be discussed concerns the persecutory valence assumed by otherness and how such a semiotic process works as a device for satisfying a demand of “thinkability” of a context that is less and less cognitively graspable. On the other hand, symbolic universes are discussed in terms of their capability of working as semiotic capital, namely as cultural resource feeding civic and social development. In this perspective, the notion of “mentalization of the system” will be presented as a strategic perspective for dealing with a post-crisis scenario. The mentalization of the system consists of the embodied interiorization of the rule, i.e. the rule assumes the mental function of object of desire rather than limit to it (as it is now). This is possible once and as far as models of practices make the systemic rule (which is by definition abstract and impersonal) something that can be experienced as the mediator of desire (i.e. as the way through which the subject finds satisfaction to their demand of sense).
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- 2019
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6. The Salience of Otherness
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Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Giuseppe Veltri, Ahmet Suerdem, and Sergio Salvatore
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Salience (language) ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Islam ,Publishing ,Social objects ,Social representation ,Semiotics ,Cultural psychology ,business ,Psychology ,media_common ,Cognitive psychology - Abstract
This chapter outlines a qualitative meta-analysis of the analyses of the social representations of three variants of otherness (i.e., immigration, Islam, and LGBT people). The meta-analysis aimed at assessing the level of generalization of the latent semantic structures detected by first-level analyses with the purpose of testing two general hypotheses drawn from Semiotic Cultural Psychology Theory (Salvatore in Psychology in black and white. The project of a theory-driven science. InfoAge Publishing, Charlotte, NC, 2016; Valsiner in Culture in minds and societies. Foundations of cultural psychology. Sage, New Delhi, India, 2007). First, that the social representations of social objects are shaped by affective sense-making. Second, that the higher the degree of exposure to otherness conveyed by the specific object of the social representation, the more the salience of affective sense-making, hence its influence over social representation. The findings were consistent with both hypotheses. (a) The meta-interpretation of the semantic structures in terms of generalized affective meanings reached a high level of coverage: almost four out of five semantic structures identified by the first-level analyses were interpreted as a specimen of more general affect-laden, generalized meaning. (b) The salience of affective sense-making proved to be associated with the degree of exposure to otherness involved in each object. The more the object involved the exposure to otherness, the more similar the semantic structures were. These results suggest that the representation of a specific topic should be regarded as a local expression of the general cultural dynamics.
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- 2020
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7. The Cultural Milieu and the Symbolic Universes of European societies
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Alfonso Santarpia, Alessia Rochira, Anastassios Matsopoulos, Marcos José Bernal-Marcos, Antonella Valmorbida, Katrin Kullasepp, Enrico Ciavolino, Giuseppe Veltri, Terri Mannarini, Luke Joseph Buhagiar, Viviana Fini, Sergio Salvatore, Irini Kadianaki, Evrinomy Avdi, Fiorella Battaglia, Gordon Sammut, Piergiorgio Mossi, Università del Salento [Lecce], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED), University of Malta [Malta], University of Salento [Lecce], University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Tallinn University, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Laboratoire de psychologie clinique, de psychopathologie et de psychanalyse (LPCPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Trento [Trento], European Project: 649436,H2020,H2020-EURO-SOCIETY-2014,Re.Cri.Re.(2015), University of Cyprus (UCY), Salvatore, S., Avdi, E., Battaglia, F., Bernal-Marcos, M. J., Buhagiar, L. J., Ciavolino, E., Fin, I., V., Kadianaki, I., Kullasepp, K., Mannarini, Matsopoulos, A., Mossi, P., Rochira, A., Sammut, G., Santarpia, A., Veltri, G. A., and Valmorbida, A.
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[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,Field (Bourdieu) ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Symbolic universes ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,050109 social psychology ,Gender studies ,Sample (statistics) ,Interpersonal communication ,Belongingness ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,050105 experimental psychology ,[SHS.RELIG]Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions ,Multiple correspondence analysis ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Semiotics ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,The Symbolic ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,Connotation - Abstract
This chapter is an extended version of the paper: Salvatore et al. (2018a). Symbolic universes between present and future of Europe. First results of the map of European societies’ cultural milieu. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0189885. With respect to that work, the current chapter presents an extension of the levels of analysis (i.e. the detection of the lines of semiotic force) and a more comprehensive sample (i.e. the inclusion of Dutch and Danish subsamples).; International audience; The chapter reports the main findings of an analysis of cultural milieus of a sample of 11 European countries (Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom). The analysis is based on a questionnaire (View of Context—VOC) applied to a sample built through a two-step procedure of post-hoc random selection from a broader dataset based on an online survey. According to the methodological framework outlined in the previous chapter, responses to the questionnaire were subjected to multidimensional analysis—a combination of Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Cluster Analysis. We identified three fundamental dimensions of meanings, interpreted as lines of semiotic forces comprising the semiotic field of European societies: Affective connotation of the world—foe versus friend; Direction of desire—passivity versus engagement; Form of demand—demand for systemic resources versus demand for community bond. Moreover, 5 symbolic universes were mapped. Each symbolic universe corresponds to a basic, embodied, affect-laden, generalized worldview: People in this study see the world as either (a) an ordered universe; (b) a matter of interpersonal bond; (c) a caring society; (d) consisting of a niche of belongingness; (e) a hostile place (others’ world).
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- 2019
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8. Symbolic Universes in Time of (Post)Crisis : The Future of European Societies
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Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Jaan Valsiner, Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri, Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Jaan Valsiner, and Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri
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- Social action--Europe, Social change--Europe
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This book investigates whether, how and where the cultural milieu of European societies has changed as a result of the socio-economics crisis. To do so, it adopts a psycho-cultural approach, which views the cultural milieu as a set of meanings, placing the generalized image social actors have of themselves, the world, events and their relationships in the context of the socio-political and institutional environment, including policies. By analyzing the changes in cultural milieu and social identity, the book develops strategic and methodological guidelines for the design of post-crisis policies, providing a concept of how the cultural dynamics are associated with certain individual characteristics and specific socio-economic phenomena.
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- 2019
9. Distribution and Characteristics of Symbolic Universes Over the European Societies
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Anastassios Matsopoulos, Katrin Kullasepp, Alessia Rochira, Irini Kadianaki, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Luke Joseph Buhagiar, Gordon Sammut, Evrinomy Avdi, Marcos José Bernal-Marcos, Alfonso Santarpia, Giuseppe Veltri, Enrico Ciavolino, Piergiorgio Mossi, Sergio Salvatore, Fiorella Battaglia, Università del Salento [Lecce], Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), University of Malta [Malta], University of Salento [Lecce], University of Cyprus (UCY), Tallinn University, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Laboratoire de psychologie clinique, de psychopathologie et de psychanalyse (LPCPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Trento [Trento], and University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY)
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symbolic universes ,Occupational prestige ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,Distribution (economics) ,050109 social psychology ,Interpersonal communication ,050105 experimental psychology ,Personality ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Quality (business) ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,Big Five personality traits ,media_common ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,business.industry ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,05 social sciences ,Belongingness ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SHS.RELIG]Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,Demographic economics ,The Symbolic ,business ,Psychology - Abstract
International audience; This chapter reports the analysis of the distribution and characteristics of the segments of people associated with the symbolic universes. Analyses comprise seven countries are in Cyprus, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, United Kingdom. The aim of these analysis is to understand if and to what extent socio-demographic and psycho-social factors that could play a role in moderating the impact of policies are associated with specific symbolic universes. Main findings: (a) the distribution of the different cultural segments differs quite a lot across countries, though the Niche of belongingness cultural segment appear as the most or one of the most frequent in all countries under analysis; (b) as to the socio-demographic profiles of the cultural segments, niche of belongingness and others’ world—i.e. the cultural segments characterized for the most negative worldviews—are associated with worse living conditions—low level of education, high unemployment or low quality of employment; negative self-evaluation of own health; moreover, they present a low level of (self-evaluated) positive personality traits, a low sense of interpersonal and community linkages, negative attitude towards foreigners. Conversely, ordered universe and interpersonal bond have a rather similar profile, characterized by young, highly educated people having a high quality occupational status and satisfaction with their health; moreover, these two cultural segments present positive personality characteristics as well as high level in the psycho-social capacity to valorise and make interpersonal and community life meaningful.
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- 2019
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10. Symbolic Universes, Semiotic Capital and Health. A Semiotic Cultural Psychological Analysis of the Vaccination Hesitancy Phenomenon in Italy
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Alessia Rochira, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, and Sergio Salvatore
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Value (ethics) ,Individualism ,Psychological Theory ,Semiotics ,The Symbolic ,Belongingness ,Sociology ,Social responsibility ,Focus group ,Social psychology - Abstract
The Semiotic Cultural Psychological Theory [SCPT] makes it clear that changes in people’s behaviours, thoughts and feelings can be comprehended along with the implicit worldviews (e.g., symbolic universes, SU) characterizing their cultural milieu. SU comprise a set of attitudes, opinions and representations about the reality that are useful in explaining a wide range of facts, both personal and public. Based on SCPT, this chapter outlines a semiotic cultural psychological analysis of the vaccination hesitancy phenomenon in Italy with the ultimate goal of abductively inferring the symbolic universes grounding opinions and representations about this topic. A qualitative investigation through a focus group was carried out. 60 residents (F = 33) in the southern area of the Apulia region participated in group discussions that were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed following a thematic approach. The findings showed that the participants’ opinions and representations revolved around a few key thematic dichotomies—e.g., chaos versus stability, unreliable information versus education, us versus them, social responsibility versus individual freedom. In general, the participants who accepted vaccination used a repertoire of symbolic resources that emphasized the value of membership in society, social responsibility and inter-individual cooperation, reflecting the SUs Ordered Universe and Caring Society. Diversely, the participants who rejected immunization capitalized on the symbolic resources characterizing the SUs Niche of Belongingness and Others’ World involving mistrust in institutions, faith in conspiracies and scepticism towards health experts.
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- 2019
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11. The fuel and the engine. A general semio-cultural psychological framework for social intervention
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Salvatore, Sergio and Viviana, Fini
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psychological intervention ,social change ,social change, psychological intervention - Published
- 2018
12. Views of Context. An instrument for the analysis of the cultural milieu. A first validation study
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Enrico, Ciavolino, Rozlyn, Redd, Avdi, Evrinomy, Matteo, Falcone, Viviana, Fini, Irini, Kadianaki, Katrin, Kullasepp, Mannarini, Mini, Anastassios, Matsopoulos, Piergiorgio, Mossi, Rochira, Alessia, Alfonso, Santarpia, Gordon, Sammut, Jaan, Valsiner, Veltri, Giuseppe A., Salvatore, Sergio, Ciavolino, Enrico, Redd, Rozlyn, Evrinomy, Avdi, Falcone, Matteo, Fini, Viviana, Kadianaki, Irini, Kullasepp, Katrin, Mannarini, Mini, Matsopoulos, Anastassio, Mossi, Piergiorgio, Rochira, Alessia, Santarpia, Alfonso, Sammut, Gordon, Valsiner, Jaan, Veltri, Giuseppe A., Salvatore, Sergio, University of Salento [Lecce], University of Leicester, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Tallinn University, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Laboratoire de psychologie clinique, de psychopathologie et de psychanalyse (LPCPP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), University of Malta [Malta], Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), University of Trento [Trento], European Project: 649436,H2020,H2020-EURO-SOCIETY-2014,Re.Cri.Re.(2015), and University of Cyprus (UCY)
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High-order construct model ,symbolic universes ,"cultural milieu" ,[SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics ,Affective sense making ,VOC ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Symbolic universes ,cultural milieu ,[SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology ,"affective sense making" ,affective sense making ,PLS-PM ,high-order construct model ,[SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,"symbolic universes" ,[SHS.RELIG]Humanities and Social Sciences/Religions ,"high-order construct model" ,"PLS-PM" ,Cultural milieu ,[SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology ,[SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics ,Views of Context. An instrument for the analysis of the cultural milieu. A first validation study - Abstract
International audience; The View of Context (VOC) is a survey instrument designed to detect the content of generalized affect-laden meanings embedded within large-scale cultural milieus. Generalized affect-laden meanings work as basic embodied system of assumptions channelling the way of feeling, thinking, making decision. The paper outlines the theoretical and methodological framework of VOC Semiotic Cultural Psychology - and reports a first study of validation, aimed at analysing the VOC’s construct validity. The study tests 5 hypotheses, each of them focused on a characteristic of the generalized affect-laden meanings that the instrument is designed to map: their a-semantic (HP1) and affective (HP2) valence; the regulative function (HP3) they exercise on the sensemaking; the assumption that these meanings are transversal to different domains of experience (HP4); the assumption that there is a plurality of these meanings embedded in a certain cultural milieu (HP5). In order to test these hypotheses, a combination of a multidimensional procedure of data analysis and a Path Modeling has been applied on a survey responses obtained from a UK representative sample (N=765). Results are consistent with hypotheses, in that providing evidence of the VOC’s construct validity.
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- 2017
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13. A unique approach to the development of infection prevention and control resources for front-line health care workers
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Karen Shaw, Sarah Golding, Julia Knight, Tim Chadborn, Linda Dempster, Viviana Finistrella, and Susan Hopkins
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Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Despite successful efforts to reduce Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infections (BSI) and Clostridium difficile infection, Gram-negative BSI (GNBSI) have continued to increase in England. Public Health England (PHE) and NHS Improvement (NHSI) were tasked by the Minister for Health to lead the development of tools and resources to support healthcare workers to reduce these infections. Aim: To work with commissioners and providers of healthcare to collaboratively develop resources to support whole health economies to reduce GNBSI using a combination of behavioural insights and quality improvement methods. Methods: We took a unique approach to develop these tools and resources using a combination of behavioural insights, quality improvement and front-line collaboration to ensure the tools and resources were designed around the needs of those who would use them. The approach taken was a stepwise iterative process in two distinct phases: a development phase and a testing phase. Both phases used a combination of behavioural insights, human factors, quality improvement and co-production methods to engage stakeholders in co-designing resources that would support them in their work to reduce GNBSI. Findings: During the development phase, feedback from workshops and stakeholder reviews indicated that tools needed to be reduced, simplified, and communicated clearly. Stakeholders wanted tools that could be used by a cross-system group and indicated that leadership was key to ensuring resources were adopted to drive improvements. The final tools were published on the NHS Improvement GNBSI hub. This electronic platform had 30,000 visits between May 2017 and October 2018. Key words: Gram-negative bloodstream infections, Behavioural insights, Collaboration, Infection prevention and control, Co-design, Co-production
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- 2019
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14. Piano e sviluppo locale: un intreccio da dipanare
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Cremaschi, Marco, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Daniela De Leo, Viviana Fini, Daniela De Leo , Viviana Fini, and Cremaschi, Marco
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[SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management ,sviluppo locale ,pianificazione - Abstract
A chi chieda se la pianificazione territoriale sostenga lo sviluppo locale si possono fornire diverse risposte. Va subito precisato che i due termini indicano preoccupazioni diverse, la prima sull’assetto e l’organizzazione; il secondo, sul cambiamento e le priorità. E poi ricordato che condividono una specifica mescolanza di elementi analitici e normativi: ciò che si trova in una situazione territoriale e nel suo divenire è, infatti, fortemente condizionato da quanto si ritenga debba organizzarsi e cambiare. Infine, va detto che il matrimonio tra piano e sviluppo non è mai stato consumato del tutto. Per lo meno, non tra una pianificazione che stenta a liberarsi dalla matrice tecnocratica e funzionalista che le ha dato un briciolo di gloria nel periodo centrale del ‘900; e un’idea di sviluppo locale insistentemente focalizzata sulle ricadute attese, in modo fin troppo ottimistico, dall’approccio olistico-comprensivo, garantito in modo un po’ ingenuo dal riferimento al territorio o al capitale sociale. Due narrative profondamente diverse, dunque, che non si sono mai integralmente congiunte pur condividendo il riferimento, per esempio, alla metafora organicista, che ha costituito per tutti e due una comoda soluzione dei maggiori problemi interpretativi, come pure un salvacondotto per celare maggiori conflitti tra attori e gruppi sull’uso delle risorse. Qui si suggerisce che – poiché sia l’uno che l’altro termine incorrono in un momento di ridefinizione – la momentanea sospensione del quesito non sia inopportuna, e consenta invece un’opportuna ricostruzione critica delle rispettive narrative. Sembra inoltre venuto il momento di mettere in tensione il significato della narrativa che si è venuta sedimentando intorno alla due nozioni. Un ripensamento, come suggerisce questo volume, può servire a prendere le distanze dalla forte costituzione normativa che contraddistingue i due campi e a rintracciare qualche genuino elemento di interesse comune. In particolare, nelle diverse connotazioni che piano e sviluppo stanno assumendo nelle pratiche, forse non del tutto emerse ancora, ma che certo distinguono orientamenti significativamente diversi.
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- 2012
15. Policies and Sensemaking
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Andriola, V., Been, W., Cremaschi, M., Fini, V., Matsopoulos, A., Willet, J., Salvatore, S., Mannarini, T., Valsiner, J., Veltri, G.A., Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sergio Salvatore, Viviana Fini, Terri Mannarini, Jaan Valsiner, Giuseppe Alessandro Veltri, Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (CEE), Sciences Po Institutional Repository, Spire, and AIAS (FdR)
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Stylized fact ,symbolic universes ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,policy-making ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Sensemaking ,0506 political science ,symbolic universes, policy-making ,Order (business) ,Capital (economics) ,050602 political science & public administration ,Cultural development ,Semiotics ,Sociology ,Positive economics - Abstract
This chapter outlines the implication of the Re.Cri.Re. analysis of European societies’ cultural milieu for policy-making. It is claimed the strategic need of carrying out policies of cultural development, as intended within the Re.Cri.Re. framework, a policy of cultural development is aimed at two main purposes: on the one hand, to define social practices that promote semiotic capital, namely the positive experience of institutions and more in general of the systemic rules; on the other hand, to introduce constraints on the opacification of the system, in order to reduce the deficit of sense it fuels. The chapter is dedicated to outline the purpose and the methodological framework of policies of cultural development as well as to present thirteen suggestions of possible actions of this kind. These suggestions target three broad domains: institutions, economy and vital worlds. In order to clarify the methodological tenets and the suggestion, a few stylized excerpts from case-studies examined during the Re.Cri.Re. project are provided.
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- 2019
16. Narrazioni e cambiamento dei quartieri
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CREMASCHI, Marco, Viviana Andriola, Sandra Annunziata, Daniele Ceccarelli, Daniela Ciaffi, Alessandro Coppola, Marco Cremaschi, Daniela De Leo, Marilisa Di Carlo, Viviana Fini, Giovanni Laino, Silvia Lucciarini, Alessandra Micoli, Christian Novak, Massimiliano Radini, Maria Teresa Sepe, Cremaschi, M, and Cremaschi, Marco
- Subjects
Urbanistica ,Città ,Legame sociale - Abstract
Questa raccolta di saggi descrive il cambiamento della città attraverso i suoi quartieri ; tratta cioè di luoghi specifici e particolari traiettorie di cambiamento. Alcuni anni fa, Doreen Massey (2005) ha discusso le contemporanee immagini di spazio e tempo, e le idee e narrazioni che ne conseguono; affermando in conclusione che non esiste uno spazio, o un luogo, né un tempo privilegiato. Luoghi, temporalità e processi di cambiamenti sono appunto il prodotto d’interazioni sociali; sono frutto di processi diversi, e il carattere contestuale del cambiamento fonda una pluralità di percorsi e narrazioni costitutivamente eterogenea; e sono costruiti socialmente, un’impresa mai definitivamente compiuta, in un intreccio di storie in simultaneo divenire (ivi). Si capirà, allora, l’interesse per la città vista dalla prospettiva del quartiere, per un aggregato regolato visto da dove il tempo e lo spazio si riconoscono l’uno nell’altro nella costruzione di una vicenda comune. In questa prospettiva, si privilegiano alcuni punti di vista: quello della vita quotidiana, senza dubbio; e dei legami sociali tradizionali scossi dalla modernizzazione prima, dalla globalizzazione poi. E, infine, dell’agire politico locale, al tempo stesso centrale nelle pratiche sociali e residuale rispetto alle dinamiche complessive. I capitoli che seguono, scritti in prevalenza da giovani ricercatori di diversa provenienza (antropologia, architettura, psicologia, sociologia, storia e urbanistica), seguono inevitabilmente linee di ricerca di diverso orientamento disciplinare, pur con alcuni punti in comune: cercano nuove descrizioni della morfologia degli spazi, secondo una tradizione che in Italia ha avuto una recente fortuna, rinnovando le analisi urbanistiche e geografiche; ricostruiscono le pratiche sociali, i modi di uso e i rapporti di convivenza a livello sociale, con una dichiarata attenzione etnografica alle pratiche e alle culture locali; esaminano le forme di mediazione e di mobilitazione politica, e la gestione locale che le leadership locali, non ancora sparite del tutto, cercano di fare degli effetti delle politiche pubbliche. Più che una sintesi, dunque, il valore di questa ricerca è di riaprire un ambito di studio che sembra esser stato seppellito sotto frettolose liquidazioni. E che altrettanto frettolosamente potrebbe essere rivisitato. Ancora una volta, le facili dicotomie prevalenti sul declino sociale oscurano la ricerca più umile e paziente– d’interpretazioni che sappiano essere coerenti con il quadro dei fenomeni e capaci di dialogare con le rappresentazioni dei soggetti. Forse il primo risultato, e il più importante, è suggerire che il tema del quartiere resiste, e occupa una certa rilevanza nelle fenomenologie del cambiamento metropolitano, nelle pratiche degli abitanti, nei comportamenti degli attori politici. Questo lavoro inoltre introduce diverse ‘famiglie’ di quartieri, situazioni distinte e forse tipizzabili di convivenza locale. Ciascuna con problemi e con potenzialità, alcune con risorse e opportunità. Più avanti descriveremo alcuni fenomeni emergenti che sembrano mostrare degli aspetti innovativi: la creazione di quartieri di nicchia, per esempio, o la improvvisa conversione di vecchi comuni di periferia in nuovi borghi metropolitani. E le diverse configurazioni che nel frattempo assumono i quartieri consolidati della ormai logora (come fenomeno, e come descrizione) periferia delle città, siano essi pubblici o di nuova immigrazione. In secondo luogo, dopo anni di sperimentazione delle azioni locali di quartiere, queste riflessioni indicano la necessità di ampliare il quadro di riferimento delle politiche urbane, interrogando con maggior respiro l’orizzonte evolutivo del neoliberismo e la sua ibridazione locale (vedi anche i saggi in Cremaschi, 2008, a cura di). C’è una storia dietro ogni formazione sociale e, nelle debite proporzioni, dietro ogni quartiere. Conoscerla e ricostruirla sono condizione per capire le possibilità di trasformazione locale. La storia locale, la rappresentazione del passato (e insieme del futuro) hanno una forza e un’inerzia straordinaria e trascinante. Inoltre, i saggi che seguono suggeriscono di approfondire la dimensione delle pratiche sociali, che non solo danno senso e sostengono le politiche locali e le reti locali degli attori della politica; ma che costituiscono un volano resiliente e duraturo della vita sociale locale. La tenuta della coesione sociale è un problema delle nostre società, ma non implica necessariamente che ogni organizzazione sociale sia fragile. Riconoscere gli elementi di resistenza e quelli di crisi può aiutare a definire politiche meno generiche. In definitiva, questo libro tratta del cambiamento. E non del cambiamento di grana minuta che avviene localmente, o quello che riguarda solo la vita personale e gli orientamenti culturali. Ma, pur attraverso queste lenti (e con i limiti conseguenti), il cambiamento delle società urbane. Con il risultato di evidenziare i ritmi diversi, le rielaborazioni culturali, il campo delle differenze: cambiamenti lenti, a volte ‘dolci’, ma con subitanei accelerazioni (come quella che stiamo attraversando); cambiamenti spesso attesi, ma che offrono non di rado conseguenze non intuitive, rielaborate a volte con esiti insospettabili. Sembra allora possibile affermare che – con un po’ di sorpresa – questo tema non è abbastanza curato da studiosi e scienziati sociali, che lo venerano ma raramente lo criticano. Ciascuno di noi è incline a sottostimare i difetti del proprio lavoro, e non sarà chi scrive a sfuggire a questa regola. Ma questa raccolta, pur iniziale e con tutti le approssimazioni proprie delle raccolte di diversa provenienza, mi sembra capace di affrontare il tema trascurato delle forme concrete del cambiamento, della società e della città, del territorio, cosi come sono intese localmente; e le combinazioni tra i grandi eventi, le regolazioni locali e le forme di territorializzazione. A me sembra che concentrarsi su questo aspetto sia una delle necessità di studio dei prossimi anni. Recently, a very celebrated return to the neighbourhood has occurred. In the contemporary narrative of the ‘global’ -yet ‘divided’- city, the neighbourhood occupies a central position. New labels testify the need of produce sounder and better description of the neighbourhoods. One may wonder what definitions like gentrified areas, gated communities, or quartiers en crise have in common; or what the cultural districts, the creative hub, the ‘sustainable’ living actually promise. Apart from differences in purpose and ideology, they all revert to a recombination of social and physical units. What I am suggesting here is that most of these current definitions propose a plain and peaceful arrangement between contrasting images of society and space. They tend to assert an order where there is actually a field of conflictual practices. On the contrary, the neighbourhood requires an approach oriented to describe these practices, and retrieve from these hypotheses about the resultant order. The probing of the nature of neighbourhoods can not be severed from the inquiry onto the nature of the city. Urban reserchers have increasingly enlarged the list of relevant explanatory factors, warning about unfruitful generalization, since the world of cities is increasingly interdependent; urban living in particular is not anymore separated from the rural culture; urban lifestyles dominate the whole culture etc. Even more complex, cities do not seem to offer stable conditions on which concentrate the analytical effort; conditions like mobility, exchanges and transitoriety being crucial stakes to any possible description. However, neighbourhoods have heavily suffered from the rhetoric of global change and flows. On one hand, they are celebrated as the creative results of fashion design, attempting to contribute towards the marketing of new identities. On the other hand, neighbourhoods are stigmatised as contexts of “relegation”, the hidden area of marginality. Ordinary neighbourhoods are quite blurred in this clash of extremes. In this context, it comes as no surprise the emphasis placed on the identity of places: the design of the new building complexes and open spaces has been overloaded with expectations and promises, appearing almost as a thaumaturgical device against the wounds of cities. Even building companies have grasped the opportunities of marketing new styles of living either gentrifying former working class neighbourhoods; or building new ideal locations. A new romanticism has sprung, expecting new neighbourhoods and plazas to reconcile history and modernity, differences and public sphere. Such profound ideological discourse permeates not only building practices, but also broader policy frameworks. The mythical approach to design surfaces also in the EU’s urban policies, the UK urban renaissance framework, the US new urbanism. However, such rediscovering assumes all but too easy the “natural” deployment of the socialisation process. The communitarian effect of living together is not granted, if ever was. Most of the socialization took place in the streets, or in the secular struggle for expanding the public sphere, both occurrence heavily influenced by the working experience, rather than the neighborhood. Both the urban and the political public space are subjected to a profound restructutation, and the contemporary city is questioned precisely because is not anymore “producing society”.
- Published
- 2008
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