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Objetivo: Determinar la psicomotricidad en niños menores de 3 años, durante la teleducación en tiempos de confinamiento a través del test de Denver. La investigación fue de tipo básico con enfoque cuantitativo y de cohorte simple; se implementó el Test de Denver, se realizó de forma individual a cada niño. El test consta de 55 ítems, y clasifica a los niños dependiendo de sus fallas como normal, dudoso y anormal. Se incluyeron 100 participantes a la población de estudio como resultado los niños de 0 a 3 años en el área personal social el 95% tiene un desarrollo normal y el 5% presenta retraso; en el área de motricidad fina el 51% alcanza el desarrollo adecuado y el 49% presenta un retraso; dentro del área motricidad gruesa el 34% presenta retraso y el 66% logra un desarrollo adecuado; en el área de lenguaje el 58% tiene un desarrollo normal y el 42% presenta retraso. En conclusión, la pandemia originada por el Covid-19 está asociada con el incremento de factores de riesgo para el adecuado desarrollo de la psicomotricidad. Se ha logrado una mediación con la tecnología y las posibilidades de concretar un enfoque inclusivo y personalizado en la educación virtual.

El quitosano es un biopolímero obtenido de la quitina presente en el exoesqueleto de crustáceos, insectos, arácnidos y en la pared celular de los hongos. Investigaciones recientes han confirmado el uso del quitosano como biomaterial prometedor debido a características como estructura porosa, facilidad de modificación química, alta afinidad hacia macromoléculas in vivo, entre otras. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las aplicaciones del quitosano como biomaterial en medicina regenerativa. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en el período comprendido entre 2013-2018 en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y Embase. En esta revisión, la herramienta “ToxRTool” (Toxicological data Reliability Assessment Tool) se usó para evaluar la calidad y confiabilidad metodológica de los estudios evaluados. Los nanocompuestos de quitosano se están evaluando con metodologías in vitro (92.59%), empleando diversos componentes de acople y en múltiples aplicaciones. Sin embargo, la falta de información metodológica con relación al uso de controles en los estudios dificulta la reproducibilidad de los mismos e introducen limitaciones para el posterior desarrollo de estudios in vivo. La herramienta ToxRTool fue útil para identificar ocho estudios (29.6%) como “Confiable sin restricciones” y 19 estudios (70.4%) como “Confiable con restricciones”, indicando que se requieren estudios más cuidadosos con relación a la toxicidad de los nanocompuestos de quitosano. El quitosano es un biomaterial versátil lo que ha permitido su incorporación en una amplia variedad de componentes mejorando sus propiedades biológicas, mecánicas y físicas, obteniendo así nanocompuestos cada vez más útiles y eficaces para uso nanomedicina.

Background Subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) in the carotid, femoral, and coronary territories is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular (CV) events. Whether it is sufficient to assess SA in a single vascular territory in early-stage disease is uncertain. We aimed to determine the prevalence and concordance of SA in these vascular beds in asymptomatic patients without known CV disease. Methods We enrolled patients aged 35 to 75 years who were asymptomatic, without known CV disease, and had undergone carotid and femoral Doppler ultrasonography and calcium scoring. Those receiving statins were excluded. SA was defined as the presence of plaques in the carotid and/or femoral arteries or the presence of calcium in the coronary arteries (Agatston score >0). Results A total of 212 patients were identified with a mean age of 53 ± 7 years, of which 60% (128 patients) were men. The prevalence of SA was 62%. The distribution of SA between the three territories was similar, involving the carotid territory in 38% of cases, the femoral in 31%, and the coronaries in 37%. The concordance between the different vascular territories was weak, with a k index of 0.21 between the coronary and carotid territories, 0.27 between the coronary and femoral territories, and 0.34 between the carotid and femoral territories. Conclusions The prevalence of SA in asymptomatic patients without known CV disease is high. The concordance in the presence of SA between the three vascular territories is weak. Therefore, all three vascular beds need to be investigated.

El libro se encuentra distribuido en tres grandes capítulos, el primero de ellos relacionado con aspectos básicos como la clasificación de la Biotecnología, el estudio de las fermentaciones microbianas, las enzimas y sus métodos de purificación, el estudio de los ácidos nucleicos y de las células madre. En el segundo capítulo, nos hemos enfocado en las herramientas de la Biotecnología como los procesos de inmovilización de enzimas, la producción de proteínas recombinantes y el estudio de los péptidos bioactivos. Finalmente, en el capítulo tres, nos enfocamos en las aplicaciones de la Biotecnología Roja o Médica, como las herramientas biotecnológicas para la producción de vacunas, las aplicaciones clínicas de las células madre, la aplicación clínica de los biomateriales, aplicaciones de la metagenómica y la metabolómica, finalizando con la importancia del estudio de las plantas medicinales en general y la actividad biológica de plantas del género Tabebuia, que ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Los autores han tratado de presentar la información compleja de una manera sencilla y comprensible para el público en general y, por lo tanto, consideramos que el libro podrá ser de utilidad para lectores de diversas disciplinas científicas, así como para estudiantes de pre y posgrado. Adicionalmente, consideramos que el libro será de utilidad para los docentes de la básica y la media, como texto para orientar los conceptos básicos y aplicaciones de la Biotecnología en sus estudiantes. Es importante mencionar que se procuró elaborar la mayoría de las figuras del libro.

9 páginas La inflamación granulomatosa es crónica, especifica y destructiva. Consiste en la formación de infiltrados nodulares, circunscritos, compuestos predominantemente por colecciones de macrófagos, mezclados con números variables de otros tipos de células inflamatorias1-3. El granuloma representa un intento celular de contener a un agente que es difícil de erradicar e involucra la activación de linfocitos T y macrófagos por medio de citocinas, que en varios tipos de granulomas conducen a la formación de células epitelioides, con abundante citoplasma, ası´ como de células gigantes multinucleadas4 . La inflamación granulomatosa esta´ incluida dentro de las dermatitis nodulares y difusas de los patrones de Ackerman, quien define una entidad como granulomatosa cuando al menos el 50% del infiltrado esta´ conformado por macro´fagos5 . Por esto, un granuloma puede definirse como una colección focal y organizada de macrófagos.

This article introduces a model that automatically detects suspicious basal cell carcinoma regions in whole slide images (WSI) by integrating nuclear architectural features and information captured from WSI pathologists’ navigations during diagnostic tasks. In such an approach, manual annotations are not needed since high-level expert knowledge is implicitly captured when the pathologist is exploring the WSI. The method was tested on a set of 10 cases of patients diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma using a leave-one-out cross-validation technique. At each iteration, a quadratic discriminant analysis classifier was trained to identify cancerous nuclei using architectural features of nuclei belonging to the regions that were highly or little visited by pathologists when rendering a diagnosis. Experimental results showed an average accuracy of 86% and an F-score of 76%, thereby demonstrating the potential of this approach to be included in actual clinical scenarios.

Mud volcanoes and mud diapirs are highly distinguishable geomorphological features in the Sinu Basin in the northwestern Caribbean coastal zone of Colombia. Material ascending through mud volcanoes carries with it fragments from the subsurface, allowing us to examine the stratigraphic record of the Sinu Basin. For instance, calcareous microfossils from the ejected material provide chronological information in which diapirs were formed. Previous studies have inferred the age of the Colombian Caribbean mud diapirism and volcanism from indirect proxies such as 2D seismic lines combined with regional studies, but very little evidence-based on micropaleontology. Our biostratigraphic analyses using calcareous nannofossils and planktonic foraminifera extracted from mud volcanoes and their host rocks in the Sinu Basin indicate ages ranging from Middle Eocene to Late Miocene. The well-constrained biostratigraphic ranges of microfossils indicate four chronostratigraphic intervals: 1) Middle to Late Eocene, 2) Late Oligocene 3) Early to Middle Miocene, and 4) Late Miocene. This analysis shows that the ages of muddy materials are younger in the south and older in the north of the study area. We observe that there is a good correlation between the ages of calcareous microfossils and oceanic geological formations of the Sinu Basin. Therefore, our micropaleontological analyses are the first direct evidence to date the sediment involved in the mud diapirism and vulcanism in the Colombian Caribbean region.

Nuclear pleomorphism has been recognized as a key histological criterium in breast cancer grading systems (such as Bloom Richardson and Nothingham grading systems). However, the nuclear pleomorphism assessment is subjective and presents high inter-reader variability. Automatic algorithms might facilitate quantitative estimation of nuclear variations in shape and size. Nevertheless, the automatic segmentation of the nuclei is difficult and still and open research problem. This paper presents a method using a bag of multi-scale visual features, modulated by a graph structure, to grade nuclei in breast cancer microscopical fields. This strategy constructs hematoxylin-eosin image patches, each containing a nucleus that is represented by a set of visual words in the BoF. The contribution of each visual word is computed by examining the visual words in an associated graph built when projecting the multi-dimensional BoF to a bi-dimensional plane where local relationships are conserved. The methodology was evaluated using 14 breast cancer cases of the Cancer Genome Atlas database. From these cases, a set of 134 microscopical fields was extracted, and under a leave-one-out validation scheme, an average F-score of 0.68 was obtained.

Evidence based medicine aims to provide a quantifiable framework to support cancer optimal treatment selection. Pathological examination is the main evidence used in medical management, yet the level of quantification is low and highly dependent on the examiner expertise. This paper presents and evaluates a method to extract graph based topological features from skin tissue images to identify cancerous regions associated to basal cell carcinoma. The graph features constitute a quantitative measure of the architectural tissue organization. Results show that graph topological features extracted from a nuclei based distance graph, particularly those related to local density, have a high predictive value in the automated detection of basal cell carcinoma. The method was evaluated using a leave-one-out validation scheme in a set of 9 skin Whole Slide Images obtaining a 0.76 F-score in distinguishing basal cell carcinoma regions in skin tissue whole slide images.

Simultaneous application of high hydrostatic pressure (200–400 MPa) during osmotic dehydration of strawberries was studied in this investigation. The high hydrostatic pressure treatment improved the diffusion coefficients of water and soluble solids compared to atmospheric pressure operation. Effects of process pressure on diffusion coefficients were achieved through an Arrhenius-type equation. Mathematical modeling of mass transfer was performed applying Newton, Henderson–Pabis, Page and Weibull models. Based on statistical results, the Weibull model gave the best goodness of fit on the experimental data under the studies' operative conditions. Industrial relevance: This article deals with the mathematical modeling of mass transfer during simultaneous high hydrostatic pressure treatment and osmotic dehydration of strawberries. Transfer of water and soluble solids during this combined process were satisfactorily simulated with the Weibull model. Results indicated that application of this innovative technology improved strawberries dehydration rates compared to atmospheric pressure operation resulting in a dried fruit with intermediate moisture content ready to be used as input material of further processes.

Las neoplasias del oido medio son lesiones raras que, generalmente, plantean retos diagnosticos por la escasa informacion existente sobre su biologia y la carencia de uniformidad de criterios para su analisis. Se presenta el caso de un tumor de oido observado clinicamente en el canal auditivo externo, el cual protruia del oido medio a traves del timpano, y en cuyo especimen de reseccion se encontro un tumor epitelial benigno con una de sus superficies revestida por epitelio escamoso. La escasa informacion clinica inicial incremento la dificultad diagnostica y para su diagnostico se requirio apoyo en tecnicas de histoquimica e inmunohistoquimica. El diagnostico definitivo fue adenoma del oido medio. Ademas, se hace una revision del tema y se plantean algunas claves diagnosticas sobre este tipo de lesiones.

OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze whether blood pressure (BP) measurement is concordant between ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM), and determine whether the decision on treatment changes is similar on the basis of information provided by both methods. METHODS Treated hypertensive patients were studied with ABPM and HBPM to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and/or diagnose resistant hypertension (HTN). Modification of pharmacological treatment was decided on the basis of pre-established criteria; therefore, the number of therapeutic changes between both techniques was compared. RESULTS A total of 200 patients were included. The average daytime ABPM systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 136±16 compared with 136±15 (P=1) with HBPM; the average diurnal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 83±12 and 81±9, respectively (P=0.06). The concordance between both methods was very good for SBP [r=0.85; Bland-Altman 0.2 (95% confidence interval 0.9-1.4 mmHg)], and good for the DBP [r=0.77; Bland-Altman 1.8 (95% confidence interval 0.8-2.8 mmHg)]. Both methods were in agreement that HTN was controlled in 68 patients and that it was not controlled in 90 patients, that is, they were concordant in 158 patients (79%, κ=0.6). More patients required changes with ABPM than HBPM (149 vs. 99 patients, P

Computational histomorphometric approaches typically use low-level image features for building machine learning classifiers. However, these approaches usually ignore high-level expert knowledge. A computational model (M_im) combines low-, mid-, and high-level image information to predict the likelihood of cancer in whole slide images. Handcrafted low- and mid-level features are computed from area, color, and spatial nuclei distributions. High-level information is implicitly captured from the recorded navigations of pathologists while exploring whole slide images during diagnostic tasks. This model was validated by predicting the presence of cancer in a set of unseen fields of view. The available database was composed of 24 cases of basal-cell carcinoma, from which 17 served to estimate the model parameters and the remaining 7 comprised the evaluation set. A total of 274 fields of view of size [Formula: see text] were extracted from the evaluation set. Then 176 patches from this set were used to train a support vector machine classifier to predict the presence of cancer on a patch-by-patch basis while the remaining 98 image patches were used for independent testing, ensuring that the training and test sets do not comprise patches from the same patient. A baseline model (M_ex) estimated the cancer likelihood for each of the image patches. M_ex uses the same visual features as M_im, but its weights are estimated from nuclei manually labeled as cancerous or noncancerous by a pathologist. M_im achieved an accuracy of 74.49% and an [Formula: see text]-measure of 80.31%, while M_ex yielded corresponding accuracy and F-measures of 73.47% and 77.97%, respectively.

The growing interest in visualization and interaction with large data has brought out the development of strategies that speed up data availability. Applications such as Virtual Microscopy are requiring efficacious, efficient and ubiquitous strategies to access very large images. Current navigation approaches use a JPEG pyramidal structure to stream and visualize very large images, a strategy that demands an important computational infrastructure and a complex management of the multiple files that compose the pyramid. This article introduces a novel JPEG2000-based service oriented architecture for streaming and visualizing very large images under scalable strategies. Results suggest that the proposed architecture facilitates transmission and visualization of large images, while it efficiently uses the available device resources.

Virtual microscopy (VM) facilitates visualization and deployment of histopathological virtual slides (VS), a useful tool for education, research and diagnosis. In recent years, it has become popular, yet its use is still limited basically because of the very large sizes of VS, typically of the order of gigabytes. Such volume of data requires efficacious and efficient strategies to access the VS content. In an educative or research scenario, several users may require to access and interact with VS at the same time, so, due to large data size, a very expensive and powerful infrastructure is usually required. This article introduces a novel JPEG2000-based service oriented architecture for streaming and visualizing very large images under scalable strategies, which in addition need not require very specialized infrastructure. Results suggest that the proposed architecture enables transmission and simultaneous visualization of large images, while it is efficient using resources and offering users proper response times.