Search

Groundwater in the Coimbatore region is very much essential for irrigation and human beings' day-to-day life activities. This research focuses on the impact of anthropogenic activities on the surface water quality of four tanks in Coimbatore city and its influences on disturbing the groundwater quality as well. Water quality is degrading as a result of encroachment and other anthropogenic activities. The disposal of municipal garbage and waste from other enterprises into the nearby tank degrades the quality of the water in the tanks. This pollutant-concentrated surface water, together with the leech organism, may percolate via the pore spaces between soil particles, where it will interact with groundwater. The quality of groundwater will be impacted as a result of this interaction. As a result, water quality metrics for both surface and groundwater have been assessed in this study, and spatial interpolation was performed using ArcGIS. The map of the spatial distribution of water quality was produced using ArcGIS. This spatially interpolated water quality map helped researchers understand how the quality of surface and groundwater changed over time. Visual MODFLOW and MT3D were used to simulate the groundwater flow. The MODFLOW program is used to simulate the direction of groundwater flow based on groundwater level and rainfall data. The output of MT3D allowed for accurate calculation of the pollutant movement's amount and direction. In this study, chloride was used as the pollutant transport parameter. A semi-structured interview has been done in the study region to find out more about the availability of drinking water, how waste is disposed of, and how diseases are spread among residents who live close to the tanks.

Due to rapid and often unplanned urbanisation, industrial, and agricultural growth, groundwater has never been relied on as much as it has been in parts of Coimbatore in the last two decades. This paper aims to provide local and regional planning authorities with a succinct groundwater vulnerability assessment of the part of Coimbatore region in order to guarantee more maintainable growth in the area. The Part of Coimbatore region, which covers Pollachi, Sulur and Coimbatore south in eastern part of Tamilnadu, is the study's focal point. The conventional DRASTIC model is used to map the initial groundwater vulnerability assessment. It is then altered by adding "lineament density index" to the original seven DRASTIC features, due to the previously established high correlation between groundwater flow and yield and lineament. The final drastic index map was classed into five categories: very low, low, medium, high, and very high vulnerability, with each covering an area of 840.26, 732.58, 583.46, 183.17, and 167.13 km2. The modified drastic index defined the same five groups, with 965.35, 880.14, 399.21, 158.29, and 103.54 km2 of land covered in each. Alanthurai, Thodamuthur, Pichanur, and Pollachi are among the most susceptible places in the state. This groundwater vulnerability map will be used to aid in groundwater pollution management and planning.

Evaluations of probable environmental impacts of point and diffuse source pollution at regional sizes are essential to achieve sustainable development of natural resources such as land and water. This research focused on how nitrate and phosphorus load varied over time and space in the Vamanapuram River Basin (VRB). Phosphorus and nitrate loads have been evaluated in the VRB using the semi-distributed Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model. SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs (SWAT-CUP) have simulated the developed model using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting, version 2(SUFI-2). The developed model was simulated for 2001 to 2008, and it was split into two-phase calibration and validation phases. Model performance was evaluated by the percentage of bias (PBAIS) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE). The simulated performance of nitrate was indicated as NSE = 0.22-0.59 and PBIAS = 51.86-65.88. The simulated performance of phosphorus showed NSE = 0.06-0.33 and PBIAS = 15.14-33.97. Total Phosphorus load was most sensitive to the organic Phosphorus enrichment ratio (ERORGP) and CH_N2 for streamflow simulation. This study concluded that the South-western region was a high potential for nutrient loads. This study will explain the nutrient load and guidelines for land management practice in the study area.

The aim of the study was to determine the groundwater characteristics of rural and industrial zones in the Kannur region. In 2011, 25 groundwater data were collected from the centre for water resource development management (CWRDM), and in 2019, 25 groundwater samples from rural and near-industrial areas were collected and analysed for major anions (HCO

Groundwater samples of Dindigul taluk at the interior part of Tamilnadu, India were evaluated for groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and irrigation purpose. Positive correlation of EC with most of the parameters suggests that salinity plays a vital role in the enrichment of other parameters. Comparing with the post-monsoon the samples from the pre-monsoon exhibit less quality but are suitable for drinking purpose except in a few locations. Almost all the samples come under the standard values and are suitable for drinking as well as irrigation purpose. The TH and TDS values imply that the samples are hard to very hard type mostly during the pre-monsoon period. Few samples in the evaporation zone of Gibbs plot suggests the contamination of groundwater through surface processes such as irrigation return flow and some other anthropogenic impacts like domestic sewage disposal. Overall, the samples are suitable for irrigation purpose with an exception that samples with medium salinity and high sodium content were not suitable for irrigation purpose in any type of soils.

The Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technique has been utilized in several studies for the identification of pathogenic bacterial strains based on their characteristic spectral fingerprint. Currently used LIBS techniques for discrimination of bacterial strains belonging to the same species require sophisticated methodology and expensive instrumentation. In this study, we present the strategies adopted to achieve this goal using a low-cost LIBS methodology. Time-resolved LIBS experiments were carried out using a nanosecond pulsed Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 6 ns, 10 Hz) for ablating the bacterial samples, and the resulting emission spectra were recorded using a portable and non-intensified Charge Coupled Device (CCD) detector. The bacterial strains used for this study were two clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (E. coli) - a pathogen causing severe infections in humans. The individual bacterial strains were cultured using a standard optimized protocol, and their respective chemical fingerprints were captured using the LIBS technique. We also investigate the efficacy of standardizing the growth environment and its role in modulating the chemical composition of the bacterial strains. A bacterial growth study was performed to assess the influence of regulating growth environment (concentration of sodium and potassium in the nutrient media), on the growth phases of the two bacterial strains. The spectral lines corresponding to sodium (589.5 nm), and potassium (766.5 nm, 769.9 nm) were found to be significant among the characteristic LIBS emission of the bacterial strains. The sodium to potassium ratio (Na/K), calculated from the elemental line intensities in the LIBS spectrum of bacteria, was found to be a highly significant feature for discrimination of bacterial strains with a classification accuracy >90%.

Identification of microorganisms using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is currently an experimental technique in the early development stage. The highly expensive and complex instrumentation involved in this technique is a severe limitation to its translation into a commercial diagnostic device. In this study, we have investigated the efficacy of using low cost, non-intensified and portable CCD spectrometer systems for identification and discrimination of microorganisms, such as species of gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) using their spectral fingerprint. Comparison of the resulting emission spectra from these detectors, on ablation using nanosecond pulsed Nd: YAG (1064 nm) laser source has been carried out. We have established the efficiency of classification for discrimination between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and also between 2 different species of gram negative bacteria. We also present the results of ablation of the microbial smears on several organic as well as inorganic substrates and their relative efficiency in identification of the microbial species. The results indicate the feasibility of porting this technique onto a PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) or paper based microfluidic point of care device which can eliminate the complex sample preparation steps required currently. This study has huge potential for the development of a low-cost commercial LIBS based microfluidic device for detection of microorganisms.

To explore the oral health beliefs and behaviour among Tibetan immigrants of Bylakkupe village.A stratified random sampling technique involving 366 Tibetan monks in Bylakkupe monasteries was used in this study. The oral health beliefs were measured using a pre-tested questionnaire.The results showed that seriousness was higher compared to other domains in the health belief model. Further, as the duration of the stay increased, the perceived importance was also higher among the population studied.The results show that in general, although the seriousness of oral health was high among the participants, the perceived benefit of dental treatment was relatively low.