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The aim of this article is to illustrate in detail important issues that research beginners may have to deal with during the design of a qualitative research proposal in nursing [...]

Aim: To describe the historical evolution of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in the international arena, and to describe the characteristics and competencies of this nursing role, with the ultimate aim of encouraging reflection on the implementation of this model of nursing in the Spanish context., Methods: A literature review in the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE and CUIDEN was conducted. In addition, several websites were reviewed., Results: At the international level, there is evidence on the impact of the APN in the healthcare system, reducing the number and length of hospital stays and showing greater user satisfaction. Regarding the national context, it is clear the interest on this issue, although the implementation of this advanced practice role is a pending matter., Conclusions: In Spain, the implementation of the APN is a challenge due to the legislative, educational, organizational and political factors that are involved in the official introduction of this new nursing model.

Unlabelled: The recent implementation in Spain of post degree in nursing has made possible the emergence of new advanced profiles, which direct clinical practice is the core competence., Objective: To analyse and clarify the term of direct clinical practice., Methodology: A conceptual analysis was carried out based on Rogers's evolutionary approach. A review of the literature was made in the following data bases: PubMed, CINAHL, ISI Web of Knowledge, Psych INFO (Ovid) and Cochrane Library. Furthermore, five books about advanced practice nursing were revised., Results: 7 articles and 4 books based on the inclusion criteria were selected. After their analysis the concept of direct clinical practice is defined., Conclusions: This paper clarifies the concept of direct clinical practice and helps to have a stronger base of knowledge. This will serve as foundation to improve and perfect the conceptualization of this term.

Introduction: Social and political changes have created an increased in the demand of health care enabling the emergence of diverse professional profiles under the term Advanced Practice Nurse (APN). The APN is a nurse who has acquired a basis of expert knowledge, skills for decision making, and clinical competencies for an extended practice. In Spain, due to the Bologna process and the changes within university, such as postgraduate training, these profiles have begun to emerge., Objective: To describe the experience on the implementation of the advanced clinical nursing role in an inpatient oncology unit., Development: Through the nine stages of the model known as Participatory, Evidence-Based Patient-Focused Process for Advanced Practice Nursing (PEPPA) the process of implementation of the Advanced Practice Nursing (APN) in an Oncology unit is described. For this purpose, the change project "Design of a care program for patients carrying a permanent draining catheter for malign ascitis and pleural effusion" was implemented. The project was grounded on the evidence-based theory and practice, and focused on the patient and the family. Its implementation has enabled the development of competences by the APN and the identification of barriers and facilitators., Conclusions: The changes that have taken place in society favor the development of new nursing profiles, which have a positive impact on the institutions, nursing practitioners, patients and families.

The aim of the article is to show the psychosocial impact of breast cancer in the long-term survival and to promote the idea of implementing a follow-up plan for survivors. A narrative review of published articles on the experience of survival in breast cancer survivors was conducted. Data were organised according to the domains of measurement (physical, psychological and social) of the Quality of Life of Long-term Breast Cancer Survivors Scale (LTQOL-BC). Breast cancer survivors may feel emotionally affected by the physical sequels (mastectomy, lymphedema, early menopause, and infertility), psychological (fear of recurrence and emotional stress) and/or social (family relationships and employment changes). The data are the foundation of a proposal of specific follow-up care for breast cancer survivors., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To know patients'vision about nursing care, to explore what the patient perceives and expresses on the care of nursing and to identify which are the potential areas for improvement., Methodology: A narrative review was conducted in which a synthesis of the information, a codification and a thematic analysis of primary studies were carried out in order to categorize the emerging themes of the reviewed literature. For this purpose, a search was conducted in the databases CINAHL, CUIDEN, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library, from 1990 to 2011., Results: Seven principal categories were identified: personal qualities of the nurse, individualized care, affective Implication, communication skills, "I am in good hands", knowledge and technical skills and the role of the nurse., Discussion: From the patients' statements, positive aspects could be extracted about nursing care but also different ideas were identified that should be modified. It is important to include regularly in practice patients' views of the care that they receive, since they can better evaluate the reality of the nurse role., Conclusions: To provide a holistic and individualized care to the person, it is necessary to include her vision about the received care. This is the way to evaluate the quality of the care and to verify whether health care assistance corresponds with users' demands.

Objective: To examine the experiences and responses of nurses caring for patients with recurrence of cancer., Material and Methods: A qualitative cross-sectional study based on grounded theory. Data was collected, based on semi-structured interviews carried out in four cancer units of two hospitals in Navarra, after obtaining ethical approval. The sample consisted of 14 nurses., Results: Providing care during cancer recurrence is described as a difficult situation, even more than in the first diagnosis of cancer. This is because nurses have to deal with the loss of patient hope in treatment and the fear of the possibility of the patient's death. To deal with this reality, nurses try to do their best to meet the emotional needs of the patient, at the same time as managing barriers including lack of time, workload, and inadequate training in psycho-oncology., Conclusions: The data show the difficulty nurses have in dealing with the emotional care of patients with recurrence. If the Health Service commitment is to offer holistic care to cancer patients and their families, there should be a corresponding commitment towards improving nursing training in psychosocial issues.