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Globally, the exploitation of small pelagic fish, like Pacific mackerel is of great importance due to food industry demand. However, there are few studies regarding its parasites load and there are no in this geographic zone. This study aimed to assess the parasitic composition, some temporal changes (during spring and summer) in abundance, prevalence and intensity of infection parasitic of the Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) from Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico. The parasite fauna of the Pacific mackerel consisted of 1930 parasites (1413 in spring and 517 in summer) distributed in the follow taxa: an Tetraphyllidea (Cestoda), Kuhnia scombri (Monogenea), Didymozoidae (Digenea), Anisakis sp. (Nematoda), Rhadinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala) and Caligus pelamydis (Copepoda). The nematodes parasite were the most abundant both in spring with a mean abundance of 27.6 parasites and in summer 8.2 parasites compared with the other taxa like Cestoda, Monogenea, Digenea, Acanthocephala and Copepoda (P = 0.003). The mean intensity of the nematodes in spring and summer was 28.1 and 13.4, respectively. The nematodes prevalence was 90 % in spring and 60 % in summer. In general, the parasite load is more abundant in spring than summer. In summer, absence of taxa as Cestoda and Copepoda were registered. Nematode larvae were present in the fish guts mesentery and inside of the stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine. Also the nematodes were found in the liver, muscle and gonads. The most affected organ by nematodes was the intestine mesentery. The most predominant parasite of this study has been Anisakis sp. during spring.

Ivan Ramos-Martínez,1– 3 Oscar Vivanco-Rojas,2 Brenda Juárez-Domínguez,2 Luis Hernández-Zimbrón,1,2 Lenin Ochoa-de la Paz,1,2 Hugo Quiroz-Mercado,2 Eleazar Ramírez-Hernández,1 Rosario Gulias-Cañizo,4 Edgar Zenteno1,2 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, Mexico; 2Departamento de Investigación, Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera en Mexico I.A.P. Hospital Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes, Mexico City, Mexico; 3Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Créteil, France; 4Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac Mexico, Huixquilucan, Estado de Mexico, MexicoCorrespondence: Rosario Gulias-Cañizo; Edgar Zenteno Email rosariogulias@yahoo.com.mx; ezenteno@servidor.unam.mxPurpose: In order to better understand cataract development, we analyzed the glycosylation profile of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) from anterior lens capsules of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetic (ND) patients undergoing routine cataract surgery.Setting: Research Department of the Asociación para Evitar la Ceguera, Hospital “Dr. Luis Sánchez Bulnes”, Mexico.Design: Experimental study.Methods: Evaluation of anterior lens capsules from T2DM and ND patients undergoing phacoemulsification and free from other ocular diseases.Results: Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed HLECs alterations in T2DM samples. From lectins with different sugar specificities used, concanavalin A showed significant differences, labeling homogeneously both in the cytoplasm and in cell membranes in ND capsules, while in T2DM capsules, in addition to membrane and cytoplasm labeling, there were perinuclear vesicles with high concanavalin A labeling. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis showed that T2DM patients have a ∼ 65-kDa spot with an isoelectric point of 5.5 with a higher density compared to ND capsules, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed 62% homology with type-1 cytokeratin. Immunohistochemistry using anti-pan cytokeratin antibody revealed co-localization with concanavalin A, and a lectin blot revealed with concanavalin A showed a band of ∼ 65 kDa, a molecular weight that corresponds to human type 1 cytokeratin.Conclusion: These results suggest that over-expression of N-glycosidically linked human type 1 cytokeratin may induce capsule disruption and affect selective permeability, allowing the entry of different molecules to the lens that facilitate cataract progression.Keywords: glycosylation, human epithelial lens cells, diabetes mellitus, cataract

En el presente trabajo se presenta los resultados del estudio efectuado sobre la enseñanza de la educación ambiental como transversalidad en la asignatura de Ciencias Naturales, para lo cual se propuso como objetivo, examinar los fundamentos y conceptos básicos de ejes transversales. La metodología de tipo descriptiva de corte cualitativo-cuantitativo se ejecutó con el empleo de métodos teóricos para la revisión bibliográfica especializada, para la recogida de información en bases de datos y repositorios institucionales, se utilizó fichas bibliográficas; además se aplicó un cuestionario constituido por 17 preguntas con escala tipo Likert. En conclusión, el estudio muestra que aún persisten insuficiencias en el manejo de la transversalidad, además se le presta poca atención a la educación ambiental, situación poco coherente porque en el contexto escolar existen escenarios naturales que de aprovecharlos beneficiarían con experiencias reales e incentivar al alumno el amor y respeto por la naturaleza, e incluso el plantear posibles soluciones frente a problemas ambientales.

The high level of forest intervention and the decrease in biodiversity as a result of logging are incentives to implement forest certification schemes. Despite the advances in the results of the impact of forest certification on biodiversity, there are few studies on species with specific habits, such as cavity-nesting birds. The objective of this study is to compare the impact of forest certification and conventional logging on the richness, availability (density) and dominance of potentially suitable cavity trees for secondary cavity-nesting birds in the subtropical forests of northwestern Argentina. Seven sites were selected: three control sites which were not logged for at least 40 years, one site under Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification, and three sites with conventional logging. The results suggest that logged forests under FSC-certification may guarantee a diversity, availability (density) and dominance of potentially suitable cavity trees for secondary cavity-nesting birds, as well as certain characteristics (such as DBH > 40 cm), similar to unlogged forests for this group of birds. Therefore, we suggest that the forests of northwestern Argentina should be managed by a scheme under forest certification so that the high levels of cavity tree species are maintained.

In 2017 an emergency field effort was undertaken in an attempt to prevent the extinction of the world’s most endangered marine mammal, the vaquita Phocoena sinus. The rescue effort involved 90 experts from 9 countries and cost US$ 5 million. Following a long decline due to entanglement in legal gillnet fisheries, the vaquita population had fallen from more than 200 to fewer than 30 individuals from 2008 to 2016, due to entanglement in an illegal gillnet fishery that supplies swim bladders of the endangered totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi to Chinese black markets. An emergency ban of gillnets and increased enforcement failed to slow the decline, triggering an emergency effort to catch vaquitas and place them under protection in captivity. Two animals were targeted and captured using light gill nets; a juvenile was released 4 h later because it appeared stressed, and an adult female died of capture myopathy. The program was suspended because of the risk of additional mortalities to the population. The lack of success in capturing vaquitas for temporary protection emphasizes the need to improve our understanding of the effects of chase, capture, handling and enclosure on cetaceans, and to consider intervention before populations reach critically low levels, when there is sufficient time to use phased, precautionary approaches. Furthermore, conservation approaches focused on single species must be integrated into broader efforts to conserve ecosystems and involve the human communities that depend on them.