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The 160 MiMi neutron detectors of SAFFRON, a 3D full-core mapping system developed at EPFL for the CROCUS zero-power reactor, have been simultaneously inter-calibrated in preparation for their in-core installation. An experimental setup was built to distribute up to 180 MiMi detectors radially at 15 cm around the Pu-Be neutron source of the CARROUSEL facility. An efficient inter-calibration methodology is presented: first, the azimuthal shape of the relative source strength is characterized by rotating 18 MiMi detectors distributed every 20º around the PuBe, followed by the simultaneous determination of the relative sensitivity of 160 MiMi detectors, distributed all around the Pu-Be source.

Research is needed that describes how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the employment of autistic youth. In this mixed-methods study, we present data on three cohorts of military-connected/dependent youth on the autism spectrum participating in a randomized, waitlist-controlled trial of Project SEARCH + ASD Supports to describe the potential effects of COVID-19 on employment. We also present three participant case studies to highlight challenges and opportunities faced during the transition process. Findings indicate the pandemic appeared to affect the 2019-2020 cohort most negatively, with employment outcomes lagging the previous cohorts by 29.1% to 48.2%. However, the case studies highlight approaches that effectively supported participants, including interagency collaboration, military and federal partnerships, skilled employment specialist support, and family involvement.

Children's literature is an important pedagogical tool in early childhood classrooms as it provides opportunities for young readers to engage with texts and to see the world from multiple perspectives. Central to cultivating equitable early childhood learning experiences is utilizing children's literature with multiple representations of historically underrepresented individuals and communities. In this article, we report on our analysis of episodes of care (Noddings, "Journal of Educational Change" 2:35-43, 2001) across select Pura Belpré awarded texts for early childhood grades. Additionally, we share findings from across our critical multicultural analysis of these select texts to highlight depictions of age, sex, race, ethnicities, socio-economic status, and geographic regions. Discussion focuses on exploring an ethic of care across the voices and representations of Latinx youth and families in these awarded texts and how such conversations are vital with young children in today's early childhood classrooms.

Highly localized in-core measurements are necessary for the validation of neutron transport calculations with high spatial resolution. In the present work, a miniature neutron detector developed at EPFL in collaboration with PSI was used to carry out a set of thermal neutrons counting measurements in the zero-power CROCUS reactor core within a spatial range in order of mm. The miniature detector, positioned close to the core reflector, shows a gradient of +(4.29 ± 0.10)% in the count rate profile in the radial direction within 1.3 cm, with higher values pointing towards the core reflector because of the higher share of neutrons in the thermal range. On the contrary, in a control rod guide tube the count rate gradient is -(4.37 ± 0.10)% and it is directed towards the core center. The measured values are compared with the azimuthal trend of the normalized 6Li reaction rate calculated with an iterative three-steps method performed with the Monte Carlo code Serpent 2. These measurements proved the feasibility of resolving spatial effects in the mm-range and they represent a basis for further investigating highly spatially-resolved phenomena in the CROCUS core.

Three 1-mm3 miniature fiber-coupled scintillators have been used to perform cm-wise resolution measurements of the thermal neutron flux within experimental channels of the SUR-100 facility, a zero power thermal reactor operated by the Institute of Nuclear Technology and Energy Systems at the University of Stuttgart. The detection system is developed at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in collaboration with the Paul Scherrer Institut. Thermal neutrons count rates were measured along the experimental channels I and II, which cross the reactor at the center and tangentially to the core, respectively. The reactor was modelled with the Monte Carlo neutron transport code Serpent-2.1.31. The comparison of experimental and computed reaction rate distributions showed a good agreement within the core region, with discrepancies within 2σ. An unexpected discrepancy, probably caused by a geometric inconsistency in the computational model of the reactor, was observed in the reflector region of the experimental channel I, where a 20% difference (i.e. 8σ) was found between experimental and simulated results. Significant discrepancies, respectively worth 10σ and 15σ, were noticed at distance, in the lead shielding region, for both experimental channels I and II. In addition, reaction rate gradients across the 2.6 cm and 5.4 cm diameters of both channels were measured. A horizontal reaction rate gradient of (9.09 ± 0.20) % was measured within 2.4 cm across the diameter of the experimental channel II, with a difference from computed results of 2%. The absence of a vertical reaction rate gradient inside the experimental channel I was confirmed by measurements.

We report in the present article on the successful observation using noise analysis of the lateral oscillation of one fuel rod by ±2.5 mm around nominal at 0.1 Hz frequency, using an mm3 miniature neutron scintillator at the rod level, and a BGO gamma detector seven meters away from the reactor core center. The experiment was conducted as part of the COLIBRI program in the CROCUS reactor, which is dedicated to the investigation of reactor noise induced by fuel vibrations. It consists in experiments on rod lateral displacement (static) and oscillation (dynamic) with different rods’ numbers at various relevant amplitudes and frequencies. Its main motivation is the increased amplitudes in the neutron noise distributions recorded in ex- and in-core detectors that have been observed in recent years in Siemens pre-Konvoi type of PWR reactors. The obtained experimental data are used for the purpose of code validation, especially within the framework of the European project CORTEX on reactor noise applications. During the first phase of COLIBRI, the observation of a spatial dependence of the perturbation noise, also called neutron modulation, was demonstrated. In the second phase of COLIBRI starting 2021, it is planned to use a core mapping array of neutron detectors to record its propagation. It consists in about 150 miniature scintillators coupled to optical fibers and SiPM readouts, to be distributed in the reactor core. As a feasibility test, experiments were performed using a miniature scintillator prototype placed on a fuel rod, and oscillating the instrumented rod or the one directly adjacent to the detector. In addition, it is theoretically possible to measure branching or perturbation reactor noise using gamma radiation. Following recent developments on gamma measurements in CROCUS, the fuel oscillation was simultaneously recorded with a gamma detection array, LEAF. Its large BGO detectors were used by placing them at the maximum distance to the core, i.e. seven meters away with a clear line of sight using an experimental channel through the shielding of the reactor cavity.

The present article provides an overview of the design of a three-dimensional (3D) full-core mapping system for the CROCUS reactor, operated at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland. The system is composed of 149 miniature neutron detectors distributed within the core double lattice at three main axial levels. The miniature detector technology is based on the optimization of the well-proven coupling of a miniature ZnS:6LiF(Ag) scintillator to a state-of-the-art silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) via jacketed optical fibers. The challenges in the mechanical design, the detector optimization, the core criticality, and the development of the acquisition electronics are strongly interconnected and their combination is addressed in this article. The 3D full-core mapping system is foreseen to be installed in CROCUS in autumn 2021 and it will pave the way for the investigation of 3D dynamic phenomena in nuclear reactor cores.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the validity and informational value of the material provided on TikTok regarding frozen shoulders. The hypothesis was that the video content on this platform would not provide adequate and valid information. Methods The current study focused on frozen shoulder videos on the TikTok social media platform. The terms “frozen shoulder” and/or “adhesive capsulitis” were used as keywords for an extensive online search of video content on TikTok, and the first 100 videos were included. Out-of-topic, non-English, and duplicated videos were excluded from the analysis. The duration and numbers of likes, shares, and views were recorded for each video. Further, videos were categorized based on the source (physiotherapist/osteopath, medical doctor, or private user), type of information (physical therapy, etiopathogenesis, anatomy, clinical examination, patient experience, or symptoms), video content (rehabilitation, education, or patient experience/testimony), and the presence of music or a voice. The assessment of the video content’s quality and reliability was performed by two experienced shoulder surgeons using the DISCERN instrument, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the Global Quality Score (GQS). Results A total of 100 videos were included in the analysis, of which 86 (86.0%) were published by physiotherapists/osteopaths. Most of the information and video content focused on physical therapy and rehabilitation (83.0% and 84.0%, respectively). Eighty-four (84.0%) videos included voice comments, while the remaining featured music. The mean number of views was 2,142,215.32 ± 6,148,794.63, while the mean numbers of likes, comments, and shares were 58,438.67 ± 201,863.54, 550.81 ± 1712.22, and 3327.43 ± 7320.81, respectively. The mean video duration was 110.20 ± 116.43 s. The mean DISCERN score, JAMA score, and GQS were 16.17 ± 2.36, 0.61 ± 0.51, and 1.18 ± 0.41, respectively. Videos posted by medical doctors or private users received higher scores than those posted by physiotherapists/osteopaths (p

Abstract Background Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) represent a deep revolution of the therapeutic approach to heart failure (HF), preventing its insurgence but also improving the management of the disease and slowing its natural progression. To date, few studies have explored the effectiveness of SGLT2i and, in particular, Dapagliflozin in a real-world population. Therefore, in this observational prospective study, we evaluated Dapagliflozin's effectiveness in a real-world HF population categorized in the different hemodynamic profiles. Methods From January 2022 to June 2023, we enrolled 240 patients with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) on optimal medical therapy, according to 2021 ESC guidelines, that added treatment with Dapagliflozin from the HF Clinics of 6 Italian University Hospitals. Clinical, biochemical, and echocardiographic parameters were collected before and after 6 months of Dapagliflozin introduction. Moreover, the HFrEF population was classified according to hemodynamic profiles (A: SV ≥ 35 ml/m2; E/e′

Sociological research has long been interested in inequalities generated by and within educational institutions. Although relatively rich as a literature, less analytic focus has centered on educational mobility and inequality experiences within graduate training specifically. In this article, we draw on a combination of survey and open-ended qualitative data from approximately 450 graduate students in the discipline of sociology to analyze graduate school pipeline divergences for first-generation and working-class students and the implications for inequalities in tangible resources, advising and support, and a sense of isolation. Our results point to an important connection between private undergraduate institutional enrollment and higher-status graduate program attendance--a pattern that undercuts social-class mobility in graduate training and creates notable precarities in debt, advising, and sense of belonging for first-generation and working-class graduate students. We conclude by discussing the unequal pathways revealed and their implications for merit and mobility, graduate training, and opportunity within our and other disciplines.

Gamma rays in nuclear reactors, arising either from fission or decay processes, significantly contribute to the heating and dose of the reactor components. Zero power research reactors offer the possibility to measure gamma rays in a purely neutronic environment, allowing for validation experiments of computed spectra, dose estimates, reactor noise and prompt to delayed gamma ratios. This data then contributes to models, code validation and photo atomic nuclear data evaluation. In order to contribute to aforementioned experimental data, gamma detection capabilities are being added to the CROCUS reactor facility. The CROCUS reactor is a two-zone, uranium-fueled light water moderated facility operated by the Laboratory for Reactor Physics and Systems Behaviour (LRS) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL). With a maximum power of 100W, it is a zero power reactor used for teaching and research, most recently for intrinsic and induced neutron noise studies. For future gamma detection applications in the CROCUS reactor, an array of four detectors - two large 5”x10” Bismuth Germanate (BGO) and two smaller Cerium Bromide (CeBr3) scintillators - was acquired. The BGO detectors are to be arbitrarily positioned in the core reflector and out of the vessel for measurements at arbitrary distances. The CeBr3 detectors on the other hand are small enough to be set in the guide tubes of the control rods for in-core measurements. We present a study of the neutron and gamma flux in the core and reflector using the MCNP 6.2 and Serpent 2 Monte Carlo codes for coupled neutron and photon transport criticality calculations. More specifically, we investigate and compare predicted spectra as well as reactivity worth of different envisioned experimental setups. We further predict pulse height spectra as well as doses to the crystals with and without cadmium shielding to estimate allowable reactor powers with respect to detector radiation hardness. The results serve as basis for calibration and aid in the design and regulatory approval of the experiments.

An advanced neutron detection system for highly localized measurements in nuclear reactor cores was developed and tested in the Laboratory for Reactor Physics and System Behaviour (LRS) at the École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, in close collaboration with the Detector group of the Laboratory for Particle Physics (LTP) at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland. The miniature-size detector is based on the coupling of a ZnS:6LiF scintillator/converter screen of 1 mm2 and 0.2 mm thickness with a 10-m optical fiber, the latter being connected to a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). In this development version, the output signal is processed via analog read-out electronics. The present work documents the characterization of a detection system prototype in the mixedradiation fields o f t he C ARROUSEL f acility a nd i ts t esting in the CROCUS zero-power reactor operated at LRS. The fibercoupled scintillator shows a linear response with the reactor power increase up to 6.5 W (i.e. around 108 cm-2s-1 total neutron flux), with a s ubsequent l oss o f l inearity d ue t o e lectronic dead time of the analog system. Nevertheless, the detector shows excellent neutron counting capabilities whether compared to other localized detection systems available at LRS, e.g. miniature fission chambers and an sCVD diamond detector.

Under the UNFCCC, Annex I Parties must report annually a National GHG Inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks. LULUCF is one of the six sectors of the inventory: in this sector any emissions and removals of GHGs by land management should be reported, included the large GHGs fluxes generated by forest management and land-use changes into and from forest. In this context every Party has to produce a proper model in order to be able to fulfil GHGs Inventory request for forest sector. Taking Italy as a study case, the paper aims at presenting a new methodology for updating stock changes for years between national forest inventories, in order to reproduce annual stock changes in the five UNFCCC forest carbon pools, following the UNFCCC requirements in the context of carbon reporting.

According to art. 3.3 and 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol and subsequent UNFCCC COP's and national decisions, Italy shall report the net changes in GHG emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (art. 3.3) and forest management (art. 3.4) activities. To assess art. 3.3 activities, Italy will define methods to estimate land use changes occurring after 31 December 1989. The paper considers the key-role that central administration shall have, as well as the role of regional and local administrations in order to solve some specific topics regarding data collection and management issues.

Providing spaces for adolescents to make sense of the world around them is often the work of educators, specifically those in Language Arts classrooms. In the current historical moment, adolescents often must make sense of the ways socio-political conflict impacts their world. Displacement, often an effect of socio-political conflict, is increasingly a theme in adolescents' lives, and therefore a prevalent theme in the ways they see the world. Providing spaces for adolescents to discuss their relationships to displacement through Young Adult (YA) texts can provide educators a possible way to support to adolescents at this critical time in their lives. Using affect theory to analyze the ways emotion moves through YA texts and reading bodies, this article examines four YA texts: "When Stars Are Scattered" (Jamieson et al., 2020), "Between Shades of Gray" (Sepetys, 2011), "Kira Kira" (Kadohata, 2006), and "They Called Us Enemy" (Takei et al., 2019). In examining these YA texts, this article seeks to understand how displacement moves through each text and impacts adolescent characters.