Search

A global in-situ data set for validation of ocean-colour products from the ESA Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (OC-CCI) is presented. This version of the compilation, starting in 1997, now extends to 2021, which is important for the validation of the most recent satellite optical sensors such as Sentinel 3B OLCI and NOAA-20 VIIRS. The data set comprises in-situ observations of the following variables: spectral remote-sensing reflectance, concentration of chlorophyll-a, spectral inherent optical properties, spectral diffuse attenuation coefficient and total suspended matter. Data were obtained from multi-project archives acquired via open internet services, or from individual projects, acquired directly from data providers. Methodologies were implemented for homogenisation, quality control and merging of all data. Minimal changes were made on the original data, other than conversion to a standard format, elimination of some points after quality control and averaging of observations that were close in time and space. The result is a merged table available in text format. Overall, the size of the data set grew with 151,673 rows, with each row representing a unique station in space and time (cf 136,250 rows in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). Observations of remote-sensing reflectance increased to 68,641 (cf 59,781 in previous version; Valente et al., 2019). There was also a near tenfold increase in chlorophyll data since 2016. Metadata of each in situ measurement (original source, cruise or experiment, principal investigator) are included in the final table. By making the metadata available, provenance is better documented, and it is also possible to analyse each set of data separately. The compiled data are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.941318 (Valente et al., 2022)., SI

Following the successes of the first phase of the European Commission Copernicus programme, EUMETSAT is continuing and expanding its offer of data access services, marine data products, as well as marine training activities and user support services, under phase two. EUMETSAT operates the Sentinel-3, Sentinel-6 and Jason-3 satellites, and provides level-1 and level-2 marine data products for ocean colour, sea surface temperature, and altimetry science and applications. User support services include data access, customisation, and visualisation platforms, web-based technical information about products, as well as a helpdesk available to answer a full range of user queries on the products and their use. Interactive training activities are designed to accommodate a diverse range of audiences, both research and operational, putting trainee needs and interests at the centre of learning objectives. A focus on co-development of resources and participant-led learning interventions allows participants to tailor their own experiences towards development of the skills and knowledge that will help them in their own applications and work tasks. Building on four years of successful general courses, EUMETSAT now seeks to develop further specialised training and advanced courses for the marine community. This presentation will showcase existing services and resources, and provide information on planned training events for 2022 and beyond. It will expand on our training approaches and provide further information on opportunities for collaboration with the wider marine community, during the UN ocean decade.

International audience; We present a three-step inverse model (3SAA) for estimating the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of surface waters from the remote sensing reflectance spectra, Rrs(λ). The derived IOPs include the total (a(λ)), phytoplankton (aphy(λ)), and colored detrital matter (acdm(λ)), absorption coefficients, and the total (bb(λ)) and particulate (bbp(λ)) backscattering coefficients. The first step uses an improved neural network approach to estimate the diffuse attenuation coefficient of downwelling irradiance from Rrs. a(λ) and bbp(λ) are then estimated using the LS2 model (Loisel et al., 2018), which does not require spectral assumptions on IOPs and hence can assess a(λ) and bb(λ) at any wavelength at which Rrs(λ) is measured. Then, an inverse optimization algorithm is combined with an optical water class (OWC) approach to assess aphy(λ) and acdm(λ) from anw(λ).The proposed model is evaluated using an in situ dataset collected in open oceanic, coastal, and inland waters. Comparisons with other standard semi-analytical algorithms (QAA and GSM), as well as match-up exercises, have also been performed. The applicability of the algorithm on OLCI observations was assessed through the analysis of global IOPs spatial patterns derived from 3SAA and GSM. The good performance of 3SAA is manifested by median absolute percentage differences (MAPD) of 13%, 23%, 34% and 34% for bbp(443), anw(443), aphy(443) and acdm(443), respectively for oceanic waters. Due to the absence of spectral constraints on IOPs in the inversion of total IOPs, and the adoption of an OWC-based approach, the performance of 3SAA is only slightly degraded in bio-optical complex inland waters.

[White paper] Water quality metrics derived from satellite observation can complement conventional water sampling, particularly to achieve much improved spatialand temporal coverage of medium (several square kilometres) and largerwaterbodies. Thus, it has the potential to enhance confidence in WFDecological status classification, firstly by quantifying elements of environmental status that are currently not or under-reported by Member States, such as the frequency, onset, duration and extent of phytoplankton blooms. Second,confidence in ecological status assessment would improve with increasedrepresentativeness of the natural diversity of waterbodies that aremonitored, their inter-annual variability and water quality trends within largerwaterbodies. Moreover, using standardised approaches, it would allow better comparison and standardization of water quality assessment across Member States, facilitating the management of transboundary waters in particular. Finally, by increasing spatial and temporal coverage, satellite observation is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the Programme of Measures (PoM) through early detection of deterioration, improving knowledge of the potentialextent of an impact, improving monitoring of the effectiveness of PoMs and providing information to support more strategic in situ sampling. The European Union and European Space Agency currently boast the mostadvanced suite of satellite-based instruments designed to observe optical water quality. The Copernicus framework of sensors and services has hadsignificant investment in recent years. Therefore, the vast majority of the costassociated with satellite-based monitoring of surface waters has already been invested. To promote and support the use of satellite-based water quality metrics in WFD statutory monitoring and reporting activities, we make the following recommendations, particularly in light of the ongoing revision of the WFD: Recognition of satellite observation as an assessment method in the context of the revision of the Water Framework Directive. Explicit encouragement to use satellite-based monitoring to complement national and statutory monitoring and reporting, such as already exercised by a limited number of countries (examplesin this paper) and available from existing academic, governmental and private sector capabilities, will provide a clear signal to Member States that its use is supported. In particular, satellite products that enhance confidence in the classification of phytoplankton biomass (typically measured by chlorophyll-a) by vastly improving spatial and temporal coverage should be considered, since these are already highly mature and can support quality elements that have thus far been considered too costly to include using conventional methods, such as assessing the frequency and intensity of algal blooms in lakes and coastal waters. Create a satellite observation expert group to harmonise metrics across countries and advise member states on best practises. The satellite observation expert group will: ensure harmonisation of the applicable satellite observation methods and their comparability with nationally-approved and intercalibrated methods; establish guidelines on how observation uncertainties should be reported; andensure close collaboration with the Water Framework Directive Common ImplementationStrategy working group on ecological status (WG ECOSTAT). An expert group advising on bestpractise is necessary because satellite-based observation capabilities continue to improve overtime whereas water quality management relies on stable and transparent methodologies. The expert group should work towards self-certification in the industry, including representationfrom the downstream Earth observation service sector, and be led by an independent researchand policy advisory body (such as the Joint Research Centre). Reference the use of satellite-based Earth observation metrics in the Reporting Guidance (Annex 5) of the revised Water Framework Directive. Particular reference to the use of satellite-derived water quality indicators in assessing phytoplankton biomass (by proxy of chlorophyll-a) and the frequency and intensity ofphytoplankton blooms in Annex 5 as well as national and international standards will ensurethe provision of monitoring data of equivalent scientific quality and comparability. Convene a conference for EC, Member States, WFD authorities to agree onrecommendations of common practices and reporting standards when using satellitebasedwater quality metrics to support the Water Framework Directive. Provide an opportunity for policy makers to recognise and proactively support the use of already available satellite-based Earth observation derived metrics and capitalise on alreadyestablished networks of national Earth observation scientists applying relevant derived metricsto the Water Framework Directive requirements.

This work describes the main processing steps operationally performed to enable single ocean colour sensors to enter the multi-sensor chain for the Mediterranean Sea of Ocean Colour Thematic Assembling Centre. Here, the multi-sensor chain takes care of reducing the inter-sensor bias before data from different sensors are merged together. The basin-scale in situ bio-optical dataset is used both to fine-tuning the algorithms for the retrieval of phytoplankton chlorophyll and attenuation coefficient of light, Kd, and to assess the uncertainty associated with them. The satellite multi-sensor remote sensing Reflectance spectra better agree with the in situ observations than that of the single sensors, and are comparable with the ESA-OC-CCI multi-sensor product, highlighting the importance of reducing the inter-sensor bias. The Mediterranean near-real-time multi-sensor processing chain has been set up and is operational in the framework of the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service.

Linkages between Environmental Remote Sensing and Systems Analysis Ni-Bin Chang Water Quality Monitoring, Watershed Development, and Coastal Management Using Remote Sensing-Based Carlson Index Mapping to Assess Hurricane and Drought Effects on Lake Trophic State Ni-Bin Chang and Zhemin Xuan Mapping Potential Annual Pollutant Loads in River Basins Using Remotely Sensed Imagery Kazuo Oki, Bin He, and Taikan Oki Identifying the Impact of Oil Spills with the Remote Sensing- Based Oil Spread Index Method Fahad A. M. Alawadi Remote Sensing to Predict Estuarine Water Salinity Fugui Wang and Y. Jun Xu Multitemporal Remote Sensing of Coastal Sediment Dynamics Paul Elsner, Tom Spencer, Iris Moller, and Geoff Smith Estimating Total Phosphorus Impacts in a Coastal Bay with Remote Sensing Images and In Situ Measurements Ni-Bin Chang and Kunal Nayee Monitoring and Mapping of Flood Plumes in the Great Barrier Reef Based on In Situ and Remote Sensing Observations Michelle Devlin, Thomas Schroeder, Lachlan McKinna, Jon Brodie, Vittorio Brando, and Arnold Dekker Sensing and Monitoring for Land Use Patterns, Reclamation, and Degradation Satellite Remote Sensing for Landslide Prediction Yang Hong, Zonghu Liao, Robert F. Adler, and Chun Liu Analysis of Impervious Surface and Suburban Form Using High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery D. Barry Hester, Stacy A. C. Nelson, Siamak Khorram, Halil I. Cakir, Heather M. Cheshire, and Ernst F. Hain Use of InSAR for Monitoring Land Subsidence in Mashhad Subbasin, Iran Maryam Dehghani, Mohammad Javad Valadan Zoej, Mohammad Sharifikia, Iman Entezam, and Sassan Saatchi Remote Sensing Assessment of Coastal Land Reclamation Impact in Dalian, China, Using High-Resolution SPOT Images and Support Vector Machine Ni-Bin Chang, Min Han, Wei Yao, and Liang-Chien Chen Mapping Impervious Surface Distribution with the Integration of Landsat TM and QuickBird Images in a Complex Urban- Rural Frontier in Brazil Dengsheng Lu, Emilio Moran, Scott Hetrick, and Guiying Li Air Quality Monitoring, Land Use/Land Cover Changes, and Environmental Health Concern Using Lidar to Characterize Particles from Point and Diffuse Sources in an Agricultural Field Michael D. Wojcik, Randal S. Martin, and Jerry L. Hatfield Measurement of Aerosol Properties over Urban Environments from Satellite Remote Sensing Min M. Oo, Lakshimi Madhavan Bomidi, and Barry M. Gross DOAS Technique: Emission Measurements in Urban and Industrial Regions Pasquale Avino and Maurizio Manigrasso Interactions between Ultraviolet-B and Total Ozone Concentrations in the Continental United States Zhiqiang Gao, Wei Gao, and Ni-Bin Chang Remote Sensing of Asian Dust Storms Tang-Huang Lin, Gin-Rong Liu, Si-Chee Tsay, N. Christina Hsu, and Shih-Jen Huang Forest Fire and Air Quality Monitoring from Space John J. Qu and Xianjun Hao Satellite Remote Sensing of Global Air Quality Sundar A. Christopher Index

[White paper] Water quality metrics derived from satellite observation can complement conventional water sampling, particularly to achieve much improved spatialand temporal coverage of medium (several square kilometres) and largerwaterbodies. Thus, it has the potential to enhance confidence in WFDecological status classification, firstly by quantifying elements of environmental status that are currently not or under-reported by Member States, such as the frequency, onset, duration and extent of phytoplankton blooms. Second,confidence in ecological status assessment would improve with increasedrepresentativeness of the natural diversity of waterbodies that aremonitored, their inter-annual variability and water quality trends within largerwaterbodies. Moreover, using standardised approaches, it would allow better comparison and standardization of water quality assessment across Member States, facilitating the management of transboundary waters in particular. Finally, by increasing spatial and temporal coverage, satellite observation is expected to enhance the effectiveness of the Programme of Measures (PoM) through early detection of deterioration, improving knowledge of the potentialextent of an impact, improving monitoring of the effectiveness of PoMs and providing information to support more strategic in situ sampling. The European Union and European Space Agency currently boast the mostadvanced suite of satellite-based instruments designed to observe optical water quality. The Copernicus framework of sensors and services has hadsignificant investment in recent years. Therefore, the vast majority of the costassociated with satellite-based monitoring of surface waters has already been invested. To promote and support the use of satellite-based water quality metrics in WFD statutory monitoring and reporting activities, we make the following recommendations, particularly in light of the ongoing revision of the WFD: Recognition of satellite observation as an assessment method in the context of the revision of the Water Framework Directive. Explicit encouragement to use satellite-based monitoring to complement national and statutory monitoring and reporting, such as already exercised by a limited number of countries (examplesin this paper) and available from existing academic, governmental and private sector capabilities, will provide a clear signal to Member States that its use is supported. In particular, satellite products that enhance confidence in the classification of phytoplankton biomass (typically measured by chlorophyll-a) by vastly improving spatial and temporal coverage should be considered, since these are already highly mature and can support quality elements that have thus far been considered too costly to include using conventional methods, such as assessing the frequency and intensity of algal blooms in lakes and coastal waters. Create a satellite observation expert group to harmonise metrics across countries and advise member states on best practises. The satellite observation expert group will: ensure harmonisation of the applicable satellite observation methods and their comparability with nationally-approved and intercalibrated methods; establish guidelines on how observation uncertainties should be reported; andensure close collaboration with the Water Framework Directive Common ImplementationStrategy working group on ecological status (WG ECOSTAT). An expert group advising on bestpractise is necessary because satellite-based observation capabilities continue to improve overtime whereas water quality management relies on stable and transparent methodologies. The expert group should work towards self-certification in the industry, including representationfrom the downstream Earth observation service sector, and be led by an independent researchand policy advisory body (such as the Joint Research Centre). Reference the use of satellite-based Earth observation metrics in the Reporting Guidance (Annex 5) of the revised Water Framework Directive. Particular reference to the use of satellite-derived water quality indicators in assessing phytoplankton biomass (by proxy of chlorophyll-a) and the frequency and intensity ofphytoplankton blooms in Annex 5 as well as national and international standards will ensurethe provision of monitoring data of equivalent scientific quality and comparability. Convene a conference for EC, Member States, WFD authorities to agree onrecommendations of common practices and reporting standards when using satellitebasedwater quality metrics to support the Water Framework Directive. Provide an opportunity for policy makers to recognise and proactively support the use of already available satellite-based Earth observation derived metrics and capitalise on alreadyestablished networks of national Earth observation scientists applying relevant derived metricsto the Water Framework Directive requirements.