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OBJECTIVE: To develop a predictive model for thiamine responsive disorders (TRDs) among infants and young children hospitalized with signs or symptoms suggestive of thiamine deficiency disorders (TDDs) based on response to therapeutic thiamine in a high-risk setting. STUDY DESIGN: Children aged 21 days to

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) significantly impacts the quality of life, causing substantial morbidity and increased mortality, as well as escalating healthcare costs. While PN can have various causes, the most common form, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, poses considerable risks for potential complications. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) affects over 50% of people with prediabetes and diabetes. Despite its prevalence, a global gap in diagnosis and management exists, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This expert consensus was formulated through a comprehensive evaluation by a panel of experts, informed by a focused literature review, aiming to establish a clinically robust approach to diagnosing and managing pre- and diabetic PN with the early utilization of neurotropic B vitamins. This document offers a consensus perspective on the existing challenges in diagnosing and managing PN, focusing on DPN. The expert panel proposes measures to address this underdiagnosed burden, highlighting the importance of early intervention through innovative screening methods, integrated care approaches, and therapeutic strategies. The document advocates for increased awareness, targeted campaigns, and proactive care strategies to bridge gaps in the patient care of individuals with diabetes, emphasizing the importance of early detection and timely management to improve overall health outcomes. Specific recommendations include incorporating simplified questionnaires and innovative screening methods into routine care, prioritizing neurotropic B vitamin supplementation, optimizing glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist treatments, and adopting a holistic approach to neuropathy management. The consensus underscores the urgent need to address the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of PN, offering practical measures to enhance early detection and improve health outcomes for individuals with DPN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether micronutrient intake from food as well as the regular uptake of specific vitamins and/or minerals are associated with leucocyte telomere length (LTL). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using data from 422,693 UK Biobank participants aged from 40 to 69 years old, during 2006–2010. LTL was measured as the ratio of telomere repeat number to a single–copy gene and was loge-transformed and z-standardized (z-LTL). Information concerning supplement use was collected at baseline through the touchscreen assessment, while micronutrient intake from food were self-reported through multiple web-based 24 h recall diaries. The association between micronutrient intake or supplement use and z-LTL was assessed using multivariable linear regression models adjusting for demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics. Results: About 50% (n = 131,810) of the participants, with complete data on all covariates, self-reported regular supplement intake. Whilst overall supplement intake was not associated with z-LTL, trends toward shorter z-LTL with regular vitamin B (-0.019 (95% CI: -0.041; 0.002)) and vitamin B9 (-0.027 (-0.054; 0.000)) supplement intake were observed. z-LTL was associated with food intake of pantothenic acid (-0.020 (-0.033; -0.007)), vitamin B6 (-0.015 (-0.027; -0.003)), biotin (0.010 (0.002; 0.018)) and folate (0.016 (0.003; 0.030)). Associations of z-LTL with these micronutrients were differentiated according to supplement intake. Conclusion: Negative associations equivalent to a year or less of age-related change in LTL between micronutrient intake and LTL were observed. Due to this small effect, the clinical importance of the associations and any relevance to the effects of vitamin and micronutrient intake toward chronic disease prevention remains uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances have significantly enhanced our understanding of the role of membrane transporters in drug disposition, particularly focusing on their influence on pharmacokinetics, and consequently, pharmacodynamics. The relevance of these transporters in clinical pharmacology is well acknowledged. Recent research has also underscored the critical role of membrane transporters as targets in human diseases, including their involvement in rare genetic disorders. This review focuses on transporters for water‐soluble B vitamins, such as thiamine, riboflavin, and biotin, essential cofactors for metabolic enzymes. Mutations in transporters, such as SLC19A3 (thiamine), SLC52A2, and SLC52A3 (riboflavin), and SLC5A6 (multiple B vitamins including pantothenic acid and biotin) are linked to severe neurological disorders due to their role in the blood–brain barrier, which is crucial for brain vitamin supply. Current treatments, mainly involving vitamin supplementation, often result in variable response. This review also provides a short perspective on the role of the transporters in the blood‐cerebrospinal fluid barrier and highlights the potential development of pharmacologic treatments for rare disorders associated with mutations in these transporters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The desire for improved hair appearance, hair growth and strength are common drivers of supplementation for women experiencing thinning hair. This study examined the effect and safety of a gummy supplement containing B vitamins, zinc and botanical ingredients to improve hair growth, strength and perceived hair quality outcomes. METHODS: Healthy females (n=65) ages 18 to 60 with thinning hair were enrolled. After obtaining consent, subjects were evaluated for hair density and tensile strength, then randomized to either a placebo or test product. The test product consisted of two gummies consumed daily. Subjects returned after six months and were again evaluated using phototrichogram for hair density and tensile strength assessment and completed a Self-Assessment Questionnaire reporting hair quality outcomes. RESULTS: Subjects who consumed the test product showed increased hair density between baseline and 6 months (10.1% increase, p<0.001) as well as compared to placebo (2% decrease) (p<0.001). Hair strength tensile measurements were improved in the test group from baseline (10.2% improvement, p<0.002) compared to placebo (9.3% improvement), yet the difference was not statistically significant between groups. Self-assessed improvements in shedding, strength, breakage and brightness were noted compared to the placebo group (p<0.05). There were no adverse events or reactions. LIMITATIONS: This study did not assess hair for longer than a six-month period and utilized subject perception for outcomes that differ from clinical assessments. CONCLUSION: Daily use of a dietary supplement gummy was associated with significant improvement in hair growth as well as self-assessed improvements in hair strength, shedding, and appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The first study revealing niacin status in Chinese subpopulation with hyperglycemia risk. • Higher plasma niacin concentration was associated with a lower hyperlipidemia risk in diabetic participants. • There was no association between plasma niacin and hyperlipidemia risk in nondiabetic participants. Evidence is limited regarding the association of plasma niacin with the risk of hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes. We aimed to determine the relationship between plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid and hyperlipidemia in participants with/without diabetes. Plasma niacinamide/nicotinic acid concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between plasma niacin and hyperlipidemia in participants with diabetes and nondiabetes in a cross-sectional study. Compared to the first quartile, plasma nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and niacin (nicotinamide plus nicotinic acid) were associated with a 54%, 50%, and 52% lower risk of hyperlipidemia in diabetic participants, respectively, but no significant association was observed in nondiabetic participants. These inverse associations persisted across subgroups stratified by sex, age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and physical activity. In addition, the fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia among diabetic participants were 0.54 (0.38, 0.77) and 0.61 (0.44, 0.85), respectively, when comparing to the first quartile of plasma niacin concentrations (all P trend <.001). This study of 2647 participants observed that plasma niacin was inversely associated with hyperlipidemia in those with diabetes. Plasma niacin reduced hyperlipidemia risk in participants with diabetes among Chinese adults [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial nanocellulose has been commonly used as a gelling or stabilizing agent in the food industry and as an excipient in pharmacology. However, due to its physical and chemical properties, such as its high degradation temperature and the ease with which it can interact with other molecules, bacterial nanocellulose has been established as a material with great potential for the protection of bioactive compounds. This research shows the capacity of bacterial nanocellulose to establish interactions with B vitamins (B1, B2, B3 and B12) through different sorption isotherms, mainly by means of the BET, GAB and TSS models. First, the degradation of the vitamin B complex, which mostly occurs upon heating, is minimized in the presence of BNC, herein proposed as a thermal stabilizer. Secondly, BNC is shown to bind to micronutrients and act as dietary fiber. BNC acts as a thickening and water-binding agent. The effects of BNC are determined to occur as an encapsulation system that facilitates affinity adsorption in mono- and multilayers. Finally, bacterial nanocellulose was used as an encapsulating agent for the vitamin B complex by spray drying. It is demonstrated that BNC is a very successful new nanomaterial for encapsulation, with a high level of adsorption, and for the protection of hydro-soluble vitamins. BNC has shown great potential to adsorb vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B12 owing to their hydroxyl groups, which are responsible for its water or vitamin sorption. Due to the features of bacterial nanocellulose, it is possible to use it as a raw material in the food industry to protect micronutrients during the thermal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteriophages are influential within the human gut microbiota, yet they remain understudied relative to bacteria. This is a limitation of studies on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) where bacteriophages likely influence outcome. Here, using metagenomics, we profile phage populations - the phageome - in individuals recruited into two double-blind randomized trials of FMT in ulcerative colitis. We leverage the trial designs to observe that phage populations behave similarly to bacterial populations, showing temporal stability in health, dysbiosis in active disease, modulation by antibiotic treatment and by FMT. We identify a donor bacteriophage putatively associated with disease remission, which on genomic analysis was found integrated in a bacterium classified to Oscillospiraceae, previously isolated from a centenarian and predicted to produce vitamin B complex except B12. Our study provides an in-depth assessment of phage populations during different states and suggests that bacteriophage tracking has utility in identifying determinants of disease activity and resolution. Here, the authors profile the gut phageome of individuals recruited into two double-blind randomized trials of Fecal Microbial Transplantation for ulcerative colitis, showing that phage communities are stable in health, dysbiotic in ulcerative colitis, modulated by antibiotics and by fecal transplants, with one Oscillospiraceae phage being associated with disease remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unveiling the interactions among phytoplankton and bacteria at the level of species requires axenic isolates to experimentally demonstrate their mutual effects. In this study, we describe the interactions among the diatoms Pseudo‐nitzschia granii and Chaetoceros tenuissimus and their associated bacterial species, isolated from surface water of a coastal upwelling system using coculture experiments. Microalgae growth was assessed in axenic monocultures or in coculture with each of their co‐isolated bacteria in the presence or absence of B vitamins. Pseudo‐nitzschia granii growth was limited by B‐vitamin supply, except when cultured with the bacteria Jannaschia cystaugens, which seemed to provide adequate levels of B vitamins to the diatom. Chaetoceros tenuissimus growth was reduced in the absence of B vitamins. Moreover, the growth of C. tenuissimus was stimulated by Alteromonas sp. and Celeribacter baekdonensis during the exponential growth. These results show a diversity of specific interactions between the diatoms and co‐isolated bacteria, ranging from allelopathy to commensalism. Understanding how interactions between phytoplankton and bacteria modulate the structure and function of marine microbial plankton communities will contribute to a greater knowledge of plankton ecology and improve our ability to predict nutrient fluxes in marine ecosystems or the formation of blooms in a context of global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is an exceptionally rare condition, a fact that should pique the professional curiosity of medical practitioners. In recent years, case reports of this disease have been infrequent, and no comprehensive analysis or summary of the characteristics of the published cases has been conducted. Methods: We collected the medical records of three patients treated at our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023. Furthermore, we searched PubMed for "case reports" from January 2017 to March 2023 and included 30 cases. By retrospectively analyzing these 33 cases, we summarized the characteristics of the disease. Results: Based on our analysis, we found that MBD primarily affects middle-aged men and typically has an acute or subacute onset, with the primary clinical manifestations being disturbances of consciousness, speech disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric or behavioral abnormalities, often leading to misdiagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Most patients have a history of alcohol consumption or malnutrition. Head CT or MRI revealed symmetric lesions in the corpus callosum, with the splenium being the most commonly affected area. Lesions might also involve white matter outside the corpus callosum, and a wider range of lesions suggested a poor prognosis. However, the prognosis is generally favorable with timely and adequate administration of B vitamins, providing reassurance to medical professionals and patients alike. Conclusion: The early recognition and treatment of Marchiafava-Bignami disease are paramount, as they can significantly improve the prognosis. This underscores the critical need for prompt clinical intervention in the early stages of the disease, instilling a sense of urgency and significance in the work of medical professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diclofenac sodium (DIC) is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Unfortunately, its prolonged use is associated with nephrotoxicity due to oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the nephroprotective effects of vitamin B complex (B1, B6, B12) against DIC-induced nephrotoxicity and its impact on NOX4/RhoA/ROCK, a pathway that plays a vital role in renal pathophysiology. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) normal control; (2) vitamin B complex (16 mg/kg B1, 16 mg/kg B6, 0.16 mg/kg B12, intraperitoneal); (3) DIC (10 mg/kg, intramuscular); and (4) DIC plus vitamin B complex group. After 14 days, the following were assayed: serum renal biomarkers (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, kidney injury molecule-1), oxidative stress, inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6), and fibrotic (transforming growth factor-β) markers as well as the protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK. Structural changes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrosis were detected using hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stains. Compared to DIC, vitamin B complex significantly decreased the renal function biomarkers, markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and fibrotic cytokines. Glomerular and tubular damage, inflammatory infiltration, and excessive collagen accumulation were also reduced. Protein levels of NOX4, RhoA, and ROCK were significantly elevated by DIC, and this elevation was ameliorated by vitamin B complex. In conclusion, vitamin B complex administration could be a renoprotective approach during treatment with DIC via, at least in part, suppressing the NOX4/RhoA/ROCK pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the significant impact of diabetic neuropathy on patients and explores potential therapeutic interventions. Topics include the role of nerve growth factor (NGF) in promoting neuronal health and regeneration, the current pharmacological treatments for managing diabetic neuropathy symptoms, and the study assessing the combined effects of carnosine and vitamin B complex on NGF levels and neuropathy outcomes over a 12-month trial.

This study was aimed to optimize nanoencapsulation conditions of ovalbumin (OV)‐nettle seed gum (NSG)‐chitosan (CS), ONC‐based nanocarriers, using response surface methodology (RSM). Then, wheat germ oil (WGO) was encapsulated in optimized ONC nanocarriers, and WGO‐loaded nanocarriers were characterized for their encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, average particle size, emulsion stability, thermal, structural, micromorphological, rheological, and cytotoxic properties. The results showed that NSG‐CS amount of 30 mL, OV amount of 20 mL, and pH of 3 gave the maximum zeta potential and minimum average particle size based on the predicted conditions for the production of ONC nanocarriers by RSM. Encapsulation efficiencies of WGO‐loaded nanoparticles (WGONs) containing different ratios of WGO (2.5% to 4.5%, v:w) ranged from 48.66% to 71.91%. According to rheological properties, both the solutions of ONC complex and WGONs exhibited Newtonian flow behavior. The FT‐IR spectra exhibited changes in the peaks associated with amino and carboxyl groups following the encapsulation of WGO, suggesting the successful completion of the encapsulation process. SEM images revealed that the addition of WGO into the capsule resulted in the formation of rough particles. The cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that concentrations of WGO, CS, NSG, OV, WGO, ONC, and WGON up to 10 mg mL–1 did not significantly reduce the viability of L‐929 human fibroblast cell lines, indicating their nontoxicity toward healthy cells. In conclusion, this study suggested the successful encapsulation of WGO within ONC carriers at the nanoscale, achieving high encapsulation efficiency and favorable properties to enhance their uses for different purposes. Practical Application: Wheat germ, an important by‐product of wheat milling industry, contains considerable amounts of oil which possesses many beneficial components like tocopherol, vitamin B, phytosterols, and policosanols. These compounds have potential health benefits such as supporting exercise performance, cardiovascular health, and reducing the risk of overweight/obesity. Therefore, this underutilized oil needs to be introduced to the food/nutraceutical industry more extensively. However, the susceptibility of wheat germ oil (WGO) to oxidation and its short shelf‐life limit its further use. Encapsulation technology can be employed to protect the WGO, extend its shelf‐life, and improve its stability. Response surface methodology (RSM) is also a versatile way to determine the optimal conditions for encapsulation, resulting in the formation of stable nanocapsules containing WGO. The resulting nanocapsules effectively release the active ingredients of WGO, protecting them from oxidation and making them highly suitable for use as functional food ingredients or in pharmaceutical products with promising potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Previous research evaluating the effects in B-vitamins on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has substantial limitations and lacks recently published large prospective studies; hence, conducting an updated meta-analysis is needed. Objective We investigated the association between vitamin B status and human CVD development in order to provide more specific advice about vitamin B intake for those at risk of CVD. Data Sources Relevant articles were identified by JSTOR, PubMed, and ProQuest databases. Data Extraction Key words used to identify the studies included the different combinations of B-vitamins, folate, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, homocysteine, cardiovascular disease, stroke, coronary disease, myocardial infarction, and cerebrovascular and transient ischemic attack. The database search was supplemented by hand-searching of reference lists of selected articles. Data Analysis Pooled estimates were calculated from the mean differences using a random-effects model. Results Supplementation with folic acid was reported to have a clinical benefit of significantly reducing carotid intima-media thickness. Higher intakes of folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 were generally associated with a lower risk of CVD in the general population, except in those without normal renal function and those with unstable angina or past non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Conclusion Vitamin B supplementation resulted in the greatest cardiovascular benefit in those with normal renal function and without unstable angina or non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction recently. Factors such as age, gender, and genetic polymorphisms contribute to varying effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ackground. Some studies have shown that Spirulina has biological properties exerting beneficial effects on human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Spirulina supplementation on serum glucose, lipid parameters, and oxidative stress markers in male rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide–induced T2DM. Methods. In this experimental study, rats with diabetes were divided into six groups: healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic-metformin, diabetic-Spirulina 100 mg/dL, diabetic-Spirulina 200 mg/dL, and healthy control-Spirulina 200 mg/d. At the end of the study (28 days), the blood samples were collected, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined. Results. Significant reductions (P<0.001) were found in serum level of FBG in Metformin and Spirulina 100 mg/kg compared with diabetic control group. The groups were different regarding the serum levels of HDL-C post-intervention. ANOVA analysis also showed significant differences between the Spirulina 100 mg/kg or Metformin group and diabetic control group regarding the serum level of MDA (P<0.05). Conclusion. Spirulina at a dose of 100 mg/kg may have contributed to controlling the fasting blood glucose and oxidative stress. Practical Implications . Our study results suggested that Spirulina, as a promising agent, at lower doses may have been considered as a functional food for the management of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Folates are B-group vitamins that function in one-carbon metabolism. Here we show that a specific folate can activate serotonergic neurons in C. elegans to modulate behavior through a pathway that requires the folate receptor FOLR-1 and the GON-2 calcium channel. FOLR-1 and GON-2 physically interact in a heterologous system, and both are expressed in the HSN and NSM serotonergic neurons. Both the folate 10-formyl-THF and a non-metabolic pteroate induce increases in the number of Ca2+ transients in the HSN neurons and egg laying in an FOLR-1- and GON-2-dependent manner. FOLR-1 and GON-2 are required for the activation of the NSM neurons in response to 10-formyl-THF, and for full NSM-mediated stoppage of movement when starved animals encounter bacteria. Our results demonstrate that FOLR-1 acts independently of one-carbon metabolism and suggest that 10-formyl-THF acts as a dietary signal that activates serotonergic neurons to impact behavior through a pathway that involves calcium entry. Folates are B vitamins that are known to be important for embryonic development and other important processes. Here, the authors show that a specific folate acts as a signal to activate serotonergic neurons to control behavior in C. elegans via a metabolism-independent pathway that requires the folate receptor and a calcium channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV infection can cause malabsorption and rapid utilization of nutrients. A randomized trial of multivitamin supplementation among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Tanzania was stopped early due to increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations in the multiple recommended dietary allowances (RDA) multivitamin group. We conducted detailed analysis to assess the effect of multivitamins on ALT elevations and evaluate whether subgroups of PLWHA have greater hepatotoxicity risks associated with the use of high-dose multivitamins. Methods: We utilized data from a randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 2006–2009 that assessed the effect of high-dose multivitamins that contained vitamin B complex, vitamin C, and vitamin E at multiple RDA as compared to standard-dose multivitamins containing single RDAs among adults initiating ART in Tanzania. We evaluated the effect of high-dose multivitamins on incident mild/moderate ALT elevations > 40 IU/L, persistent ALT elevations > 40 IU/L (2 + clinic visits), and severe ALT elevations > 200IU/L using Cox proportional hazard models. We then evaluated effect modification by patient characteristics to determine if subgroups of PLWHA experienced different magnitudes of risk for ALT elevations associated with high-dose multivitamins. Results: High-dose multivitamins increased the risk of incident mild/moderate ALT elevations > 40 IU/mL as compared to standard-dose multivitamins (hazard ratio (HR): 1.41; 95%CI: 1.26,1.58) as well as incident sustained mild/moderate ALT elevations (HR: 1.19; 95%CI: 1.04,1.36), but there was no overall effect on severe ALT elevations (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 0.91,2.28). There was no evidence that the effect of high-dose multivitamins on any or sustained mild/moderate ALT elevations was modified by any patient characteristic. However, CD4 T-cell count was found to modify the effect of high-dose multivitamins on severe ALT elevations (p-value for interaction:0.01). Among participants with a baseline CD4 T-cell count ≤ 100 cells/µL, individuals receiving high-dose multivitamins had 3.74 times (95%CI: 1.52–9.17) the risk of incident severe ALT elevations compared to standard-dose multivitamins, while participants with CD4 T-cell counts > 100 cells/µL, appeared to have no effect of high-dose multivitamins on severe ALT elevations (HR:0.92; 95% CI: 0.50,1.67). Conclusions: High-dose RDA multivitamin supplementation increased the incidence of any mild to moderate ALT elevations among adults starting ART in Tanzania and the magnitude of the risk does not appear to differ by patient characteristics. However, immunocompromised PLWHA with CD4 T-cell counts < 100 cells/µL may experience greater risk of severe ALT elevations associated with the use of high-dose multivitamins. Although the study findings offer significant insights, it is essential to take into account limitations imposed by newer cART regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dietary fibers can alter microbial metabolic output in support of healthy immune function; however, the impact of distinct fiber sources and immunomodulatory effects beyond short-chain fatty acid production are underexplored. In an effort to discern the effects of diverse fibers on host immunity, we employed five distinct rodent diets with varying fiber content and source in specific-pathogen-free, gnotobiotic (containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiota), and germ-free mice. Results: Broad-scale metabolomics analysis of cecal contents revealed that fiber deprivation consistently reduced the concentrations of microbiota-produced B vitamins. This phenomenon was not always explained by reduced biosynthesis, rather, metatranscriptomic analyses pointed toward increased microbial usage of certain B vitamins under fiber-free conditions, ultimately resulting in a net reduction of host-available B vitamins. Broad immunophenotyping indicated that the local gut effector immune populations and activated T cells accumulate in a microbiota-dependent manner. Supplementation with the prebiotic inulin recovered the availability of microbially produced B vitamins and restored immune homeostasis. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the potential to use defined fiber polysaccharides to boost microbiota-derived B vitamin availability in an animal model and to regulate local innate and adaptive immune populations of the host. 3RFNfpFMTQsk1TPSJTH8Z9 Video abstract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysgeusia or altered taste is a rare complication following suspension microlaryngoscopy with the incidence ranging from 2.9 to 12.1%. We report this with recommendations to avoid similar complications following suspension laryngoscopy, tonsillectomy, and tongue base surgery which require pressure to be placed on the tongue for better surgical field visualization. Case presentation: A 53-year-old man with underlying diabetes mellitus presented with long standing history of irritative cough, globus sensation, and evidence of laryngopharyngeal reflux. A left ventricle swelling was noted on flexible laryngoscopy and neck. He underwent direct laryngoscopy and biopsy of the left ventricle lesion which revealed to be acute on chronic inflammation. Day 1 postoperatively, patient complained of reduced sensation over left hemi-tongue. A referral to a neurologist was made for further examination and he was found to have loss of taste over anterior two-third of tongue and treated with vitamin B complex. To date, dysgeusia remains persistent. Patient relayed his grievances to the hospital following these complications. Review of literature on relevant topic was made through PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Database by two reviewers, working independently. Twenty-three papers, available in full, written in English language, containing number of cases, type of surgery, and complications were extracted and studied. Conclusions: Risk of dysgeusia and paresthesia postoperatively should be informed during consent taking for all patients undergoing tonsillectomy, laryngeal microsurgery, and tongue base surgery. Zinc deficiency should be investigated in patients with persistent taste disturbance post-tonsillectomy. Intermittent release during suspension laryngoscopy beyond 30 min to reduce post-surgical complications. Greater care should be taken to reduce the amount of force during the suspension laryngoscopy due to smaller oral and oropharyngeal structure in female. Keeping close to the tonsillar capsule particularly in mid and lower pole areas should be done in tonsillectomy using diathermy dissection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic syndrome of unknown etiology, although many studies point to inflammation, oxidative stress, and altered mitochondrial metabolism as some of the cornerstones of this disease. Despite its socioeconomic importance and due to the difficulties in diagnosis, there are no effective treatments. However, the use of non-drug treatments is increasingly becoming a recommended strategy. In this context, the effects of supplementation of FM patients with an olive (poly)phenol, vitamin C, and vitamin B preparation were investigated in this work, analyzing complete blood count, biochemical, lipid, and coagulation profiles, and inflammation and oxidation status in blood samples. To gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the etiology of FM, a proteomic study was also performed to investigate the mechanisms of action of the supplement. Our results show that the nutraceutical lowers the lipid profile, namely cholesterol, and improves the oxidative status of patients as well as their quality of life, suggesting that this product could be beneficial in the co-treatment of FM. ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06348537). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fenugreeks (Trigonella L. spp.), are well-known herbs belonging to the family Fabaceae, whose fresh and dried leaves have nutritional and medicinal value. In the present study, the content of phytochemical traits (essential oil, diosgenin, trigonelline, total phenol, total flavonoid, total saponins, and total tannins), bitterness value, pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid, β-carotene, and anthocyanin), vitamins (group B vitamins and ascorbic acid), minerals, and antioxidant activity of thirty cultivated populations belonging to ten Trigonella species were evaluated. The species and populations were significantly different in all studied parameters. A significant positive and negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also observed between the studied parameters. In total, T. teheranica, T. elliptica, and T. foenum-graecum were distinguished as superior species. The results showed that fenugreeks leaves can be considered as a valuable source of food and phytochemical compounds. The obtained data can be help to expand the inventory of wild and cultivated Trigonella species for further exploitation of rich chemotypes in the new foods and specific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review paper explores the history, cultural significance, and functional characteristics of soybean paste (doenjang) in Korean cuisine. In particular, it covers its origins, cultural importance, production methods, functionalities, and associated risks. This review delves into the nutritional and functional aspects of fermented soybean products, focusing on compounds in soybean paste linked to health benefits, such as anticancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and antithrombotic properties. The key bioactive compounds identified in soybean paste include total phenols, total flavonoids, γ-Aminobutyric acid, vitamin B group, and vitamin E. These compounds are primarily produced through microbial fermentation, which enhances their biological activity. Additionally, the review addresses potential risks such as biogenic amines, aflatoxins, Bacillus cereus contamination, and high sodium levels, and suggests methods for mitigating these risks. By synthesizing current research, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the physiological compounds in soybean paste and their health benefits. It also highlights the need for strategies to reduce associated risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microalgae Arthrospira platensis (AP), commonly known as Spirulina, has gained widespread popularity as a food supplement in recent years. AP is particularly abundant in protein, B vitamins, iron, magnesium, potassium, and various antioxidants. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of nitrate limitation in the AP culture medium on AP growth and composition. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the respective aqueous AP extracts on three different mammalian cell-lines (HepG2, Caco2, L929) was tested. AP was cultivated over a 10-day period under nitrogen-rich (Nrich: 1.8 g/L) and nitrogen-deficient (Nlimited: 0.2–0.4 g/L) conditions in two separate experiments, each with three biological replicates (three bioreactors). Throughout the cultivation, the kinetic progress of dry biomass, pH, pigment content, the levels of essential elements (sulphur, phosphate, and nitrate) and the composition of elements in the harvested biomass was determined. While the biomass slightly but significantly differed, the phycocyanin concentration differed considerably (around 10-fold higher in the Nrich medium, p < 0.05). Aqueous extracts of the Nrich medium had significantly stronger effects on the cell membrane integrity and the metabolic activity of the cells than extracts of the Nlimited medium. Particularly was the finding that AP had a significantly stronger toxic effect on the two tumour cell types (HepG2, Caco2) than on the non-tumour cells (L929). This study underscores the significance of nitrate content in the cultivation media of AP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of complex microorganisms in the rumen of ruminants are able to process the lignocellulose from low quality feed and fodder into volatile fatty acids, convert non-protein nitrogen into microbial protein and synthesize B vitamins, thus, ruminants are able to produce food of animal origin without competition for feed with non-ruminants and man. On the other hand, they contribute 14 per cent of anthropogenic methane, released annually into the atmosphere. Manipulating the rumen microbiome is considered as an important approach to reduce environmental impact, while increasing production efficiency in ruminants. A systematic literature search was undertaken and relevant research and review articles were downloaded, classified and salient points extracted to prepare the narrative review on "Influence of Feed and Feeding strategies on Rumen microbiome". The microbial community in the rumen is the most diverse composed of bacteria, archaea, protozoa, fungi and uncharacterized virome. Differences in ruminal microbial community compositions are predominantly attributable to diet. Dietary manipulation offers a viable solution to alter the rumen microbiome so that the present-day challenges faced by the ruminant livestock industry is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is proven that B vitamins through promote a wide range of metabolic pathways in animals as cofactors improve animal performance. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of maternal B complex vitamin injection on performance and plasma parameters in goats and their offspring, as well as the faeces status of newborn kids. Methods: In this research, the pregnant goats (3 years old) were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (without B complex vitamin injection) and the B complex vitamin group (5 mL B complex vitamin injection per animal). The animals were injected with 5 mL B complex vitamin twice during the transition period (5 weeks pre‐ and 5 weeks post‐kidding). The goats during the transition period and kids on days 10, 20 and 30 were weighed. Feed intake by goats and consumption of milk and starter in kids were recorded daily. The dry matter digestibility by kids was tested by collecting samples of faeces and feed for 5 days in the last week. Chemical analysis was determined using the AOAC method. The kids' faeces were prepared daily during the study. The blood samples of goats and newborn kids were taken 7 days after kidding. Then, levels of B group vitamin, as well as concentrations of liver enzymes, thyroid hormones and immunological parameters, were determined in plasma of goat and their offspring. In addition, concentrations of glucose and insulin were measured in goat plasma (Asadi et al., 2024). Results: According to results, the performances of goats and their offspring, as well as kids' faeces status, were improved by maternal B complex vitamin injection (p < 0.0001). The levels of cobalamin, pyridoxine, thiamine, folic acid, nicotinic, pantothenic and unconjugated pteridine increased in the plasma of goats and their kids in the B complex vitamin group compared with the control group during the transition period (p < 0.0001). Injection of maternal B complex vitamin raised the plasma levels of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine, immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M in goats and their offspring (p < 0.0001). Higher levels of glucose and lower levels of insulin were determined in the goats injected with B complex vitamin (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: These results suggest that maternal B complex vitamin injection is required for the improvement of performance, health status and the blood plasma parameters in pregnant goats and their kids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]