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The subject of study in this article is the modern technologies of programmable logic devices, the history of product changes of leading manufacturers, including development environments, and project optimization processes. The goal is to improve modern methods, technologies, and software tools for the development and integration of FPGA-as-a-Service in the form of services in cloud infrastructures, data centers, and on-board high-performance systems, with taking into account the ever-changing conditions and requirements, and the constraints of platforms. Task: to analyze the history of product changes of the leading vendors and manufacturers of programmable logic devices; analyze the dynamics of changes in the functionality of project development environments for FPGA-based systems, with taking into account the existing requirements and restrictions from vendors of software and hardware platforms and components; perform a comparative analysis of modern development boards and accelerator cards for the prototyping and testing of projects based on the chips of programmable logic; analyze the use of an existing services and solutions based on FPGA technologies as part of cloud services from modern cloud providers; propose practical steps for the development of systems based on FPGA resistant to project requirements change; propose the sequence for the development and optimization of high-performance systems with their implementation based on FPGA; and to provide practical example of the use of the proposed method. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The history of changes in the leading companies of programmable logic manufacturers, as well as changes in versions of the development environments and the products of one of the largest companies, is analyzed. The use of existing FPGA-based solutions as part of cloud services is analyzed in detail. Two sequences for optimizing projects and increasing their productivity with reducing of the prototyping efforts during their creation and porting to new versions of software and hardware platforms are provided. Based on the results of the research, a prototype was developed and tested, which allowed the application of the proposed method in practice for adapting and porting the FPGA as a service project during the transfer to another version of the accelerator card. Conclusions. The main contribution and scientific novelty of the obtained results is that an experimental study of the paradigm of runtime reprogramming of programmable logic was performed, which made it possible to formulate the elements of a new method of creation projects as a service for cloud infrastructures, data centers, and artificial intelligence systems. A set of practical steps for the development of systems that are tolerant to changes in conditions and requirements is proposed. The application of the proposed method allows to avoid costs of project support in the case of changes in requirements.

The subject of study in this article is the evaluation of the performance issues of cloud services implemented using FPGA technology. The goal is to improve the performance of cloud services built on top of multiple FPGA platforms known as FPGA-as-a-Service (FaaS). Task: to analyze the delays in communications between host computer and FPGA; propose the steps of development to reduce the delay and perform the evaluation of the response time for the FPGA-based accelerator depending on number of involved cards; consider the reliability aspect of such systems implemented using programmable logic. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The FPGA-as-a-Service where FPGA resources are provided through a set of hardware/software toolset is considered. The usage of queueing theory for cloud-based services is analyzed. The contribution of the parts of FPGA-as-a-Service to the final delay of the service is discussed. The process of modeling of work the services based on FPGA accelerator cards with use of Jackson's network is analyzed in detail. The model of the delays of FaaS that considers the parameters of accelerator FPGA cards is offered. The formula of the total response time of the service combined based on the response of the components of is obtained. The proposed steps of reduce data processing delays include increase the size of data blocks for processing in FPGA by each kernel, change the communication model with kernel from sequential to pipelined, following timing closure technique and use more FPGA accelerator cards in parallel to divide the enquiring delay. Based on the proposed model the evaluation of response time of FaaS was done. The advantage of the use of many FPGAs in parallel for same data processing task instead of implementation of requests thread for each accelerator card is shown. Conclusions. The main contribution of this study is a step forward to the modeling of FPGA-based services that can be used for FPGA-based artificial intelligence (AI) applications. It helps to improve the performance of the system by means of reducing the delays at different stages of requests processing. Another side of this result is the reliability aspect that is based on modified manner of service operation in case of use the proposed steps of system optimization. It helps to improve the processing of requests to FaaS. The proposed method is the next step after prototyping of such systems because it helps to turn the FaaS from the object for development to the tool for deployment of new technologies like AI applications.