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Graphene exhibits unconventional two-dimensional electronic properties resulting from the symmetry of its quasiparticles, which leads to the concepts of pseudospin and electronic chirality. Here we report that scanning tunneling microscopy can be used to probe these unique symmetry properties at the nanometer scale. They are reflected in the quantum interference pattern resulting from elastic scattering off impurities, and they can be directly read from its fast Fourier transform. Our data, complemented by theoretical calculations, demonstrate that the pseudospin and the electronic chirality in epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) correspond to the ones predicted for ideal graphene., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, minor changes

The magnetism of quench-condensed Ru and Rh impurities and metal films on Ag(100) and Pt(997) has been studied using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. In the coverage range between 0.22 ML and 2.0 ML no dichroic signal was detected at the M3,2 absorption edges of Ru on Ag(100) at a temperature of 5 K in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The same was found for coverages between 0.12 ML and 0.5 ML of Rh on Ag(100) and Pt(997). It is concluded that the magnetic moments of single impurities, small clusters of various shape and monolayers of the 4d metals are below the detection limit of 0.04 muB per atom. These results provide an unambiguous determination of the local magnetic moment of Ru and Rh deposited on nonmagnetic transition-metal surfaces, which are in contrast with theoretical predictions.

The electronic and vibrational density of states of a semiconducting carbon nanotube in a crossed junction was investigated by elastic and inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The strong radial compression of the nanotube at the junction induces local metallization spatially confined to a few nm. The local electronic modifications are correlated with the observed changes in the radial breathing and G-band phonon modes, which react very sensitively to local mechanical deformation. In addition, the experiments reveal the crucial contribution of the image charges to the contact potential at nanotube-metal interfaces.

The Kondo temperature $T_K$ of single Co adatoms on monolayers of Ag on Cu and Au(111) is determined using Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy. $T_K$ of Co on a single monolayer of Ag on either substrate is essentially the same as that of Co on a homogenous Ag(111) crystal. This gives strong evidence that the interaction of surface Kondo impurities with the substrate is very local in nature. By comparing $T_K$ found for Co on Cu, Ag, and Au (111)-surfaces we show that the energy scale of the many-electron Kondo state is insensitive to the properties of surface states and to the energetic position of the projected bulk band edges., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Based on the experimental observation, that only the close vicinity of a magnetic impurity at metal surfaces determines its Kondo behaviour, we introduce a simple model which explains the Kondo temperatures observed for cobalt adatoms at the (111) and (100) surfaces of Cu, Ag, and Au. Excellent agreement between the model and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) experiments is demonstrated. The Kondo temperature is shown to depend on the occupation of the d-level determined by the hybridization between adatom and substrate with a minimum around single occupancy., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures

The inelastic electron tunneling spectrum (IETS)of highly oriented pyrolitic graphite (HOPG) has been measured with scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) at 6K. The observed spectral features are in very good agreement with the vibrational density of states (vDOS) of graphite calculated from first principles. We discuss the enhancement of certain phonon modes by phonon-assisted tunneling in STS based on the restrictions imposed by the electronic structure of graphite. We also demonstrate for the first time the local excitation of surface-plasmons in IETS which are detected at an energy of 40 meV., Comment: PRB rapid communication, submitted