Search

Deployment of distributed building photovoltaic (PV) applications creates a complicated decision-making process to balance conflicting objectives with various constraints. As an important social component, visual impact is introduced into a multi-objective optimization framework together with performance-cost and spatial compactness as three objectives for the planning of distributed PV systems. The proposed framework is applied to a study case, located in Xi’an city, China, to present the main technical process for PV deployments on 4618 building surfaces. Considering the spatial heterogeneity of solar irradiation and visibility, optimal plans were achieved and representative solutions were discussed and visualized in a 3D environment. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed approach was verified in comparison with two heuristic planning methods. The multi-objective optimization framework provides an energy planning approach for distributed building PV deployments, enabling planners to make informed decisions that balance competing priorities among performance-cost, visual impact, and compactness.

Abstract The selection of viewpoints is a crucial aspect in conducting visual impact assessments of architectural heritage. To address this issue, a quantitative viewpoint selection method based on GIS spatial analysis is proposed. The first step involves defining the factors that influence the selection of viewpoints for architectural heritage. Next, the city’s historical architectural areas are divided into units based on courtyards. Subsequently, a candidate set of viewpoints is constructed by extracting the skeleton lines and characteristic points of sub-regions. Finally, following the principles of viewpoint selection, the method achieves the selection of viewpoints for the visual impact assessment of architectural heritage. The Forbidden City is chosen as the practical area for implementation, and the results demonstrate that the viewshed coverage range in the architectural heritage area is as high as 96%. It represents that this approach for visual impact assessments of architectural heritage is more grounded.

The selection of viewpoints is a crucial aspect in conducting visual impact assessments of architectural heritage. To address this issue, a quantitative viewpoint selection method based on GIS spatial analysis is proposed. The first step involves defining the factors that influence the selection of viewpoints for architectural heritage. Next, the city's historical architectural areas are divided into units based on courtyards. Subsequently, a candidate set of viewpoints is constructed by extracting the skeleton lines and characteristic points of sub-regions. Finally, following the principles of viewpoint selection, the method achieves the selection of viewpoints for the visual impact assessment of architectural heritage. The Forbidden City is chosen as the practical area for implementation, and the results demonstrate that the viewshed coverage range in the architectural heritage area is as high as 96%. It represents that this approach for visual impact assessments of architectural heritage is more grounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visual impact is defined as the modification of a visual resource of the landscape, generating an effect on the perception of potential observers. This effect is evaluated using the value of the landscape that has not been altered or destroyed (visual quality of the landscape), as is the case with building projects that generate visible changes in residential areas. Numerous authors have developed methodologies to evaluate visual intrusion; however, deficiencies exist, such as the predominance of subjectivity in procedures and the lack of evaluations for buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate and quantify the visual impact of a new building in a high population density environment. This research is divided into a description of the basic methodology, the proposal of the methodology to capture and process photographs and information, and the application of a case study of a high-rise building in a sector of Valparaíso, Chile. The main contribution of this work is the delivery of a methodological proposal that allows the evaluation and quantification of the visual quality before and after the new structure to complement structural and urban design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VLC Arquitectura is the property of VLC Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This comprehensive review delves into the transformative impact of eye tracking technology on the field of dentistry. Eye tracking, originally developed for psychological research, has evolved to become a powerful tool with applications spanning diagnostics, treatment planning, prosthodontics, and dental education. The technology's ability to monitor and analyze visual attention patterns during image interpretation has resulted in improved diagnostic accuracy, offering practitioners valuable insights to enhance their decisionmaking processes. In prosthodontics and restorative dentistry, eye tracking contributes to the refinement of designs and procedural precision, ensuring both aesthetic appeal and functional efficacy. The review highlights how this technology extends its benefits to dental education, providing valuable feedback for students and aiding in continuous professional development. Simulation-based learning, enriched by eye tracking insights, enhances training modules, ensuring that dental professionals develop and maintain essential skills. The myriad benefits of eye tracking technology also encompass enhanced patient experiences and improved communication within dental settings. By analyzing practitioners' gaze patterns during patient interactions, the technology facilitates better understanding of non-verbal cues, ultimately fostering positive patient-dentist relationships. However, the review acknowledges challenges such as technical complexities, ethical considerations, and integration hurdles. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for widespread adoption and realization of eye tracking's full potential in dentistry. Looking ahead, the review suggests that collaborative efforts, emerging technologies, and ongoing research will further propel the integration of eye tracking into routine dental practice, fostering a future characterized by precision, efficiency, and personalized patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To explore the characteristics of astigmatism distribution among preschool children from Tongzhou District, Beijing, discuss its categorizations, severity, and the effect on preschoolers' vision, and clarify the influence of cycloplegic refraction on the detection of astigmatism.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study conducted from December 2021 to January 2022, a cluster random sampling method was utilized to assess 1 498 preschool children(2 996 eyes)from Tongzhou District, Beijing. The sample comprised 791 males and 707 females, with 222 children aged 3 to

The presentations with distinctive national features in the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics have worked together to render to the world a unique and splendorous visual show. Notably, every part of the performance involved in this discussion is characterized by the extensive employment of traditional Chinese cultural elements. To be specific, the performance of the body art is connected to the making of a Chinese landscape painting, which overtly gives prominence to the mediality of the human body in the creation of the traditional national cultural images such as sun, mountain, river, cloud and the like -- the very representative cultural symbols of Chinese nation. The famous Dunhuang dance in the section of the Silk Road is presented with a long green satin which is heavily vested with national cultural connotations. The pillars used as stage props are engraved with the images of loong -- a symbol of auspiciousness in Chinese culture, for the loong embodies courage. The invention of the movable-type printing significantly involves the wisdom of the Chinese people, and Tai Chi performance evokes the harmonious spirit that the Chinese nation and people greatly value. The rendering of these images through creative ways has casted the opening ceremony into a unique cultural text -- as narrated in well-designed artistic forms, it has presented the world with an extraordinary visual feast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Architecture & Life Journal / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi is the property of Architecture & Life Journal / Kocaeli Universitesi Mimarllik ve Yasam Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Visual impact is defined as the modification of a visual resource of the landscape, generating an effect on the perception of potential observers. This effect is evaluated using the value of the landscape that has not been altered or destroyed (visual quality of the landscape), as is the case with building projects that generate visible changes in residential areas. Numerous authors have developed methodologies to evaluate visual intrusion; however, deficiencies exist, such as the predominance of subjectivity in procedures and the lack of evaluations for buildings. Therefore, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate and quantify the visual impact of a new building in a high population density environment. This research is divided into a description of the basic methodology, the proposal of the methodology to capture and process photographs and information, and the application of a case study of a high-rise building in a sector of Valparaíso, Chile. The main contribution of this work is the delivery of a methodological proposal that allows the evaluation and quantification of the visual quality before and after the new structure to complement structural and urban design.

Color design plays a pivotal role in determining whether marine urban landscapes meet the diverse needs of individuals, encompassing their visual, psychological, behavioral, and spiritual dimensions. In the contemporary urban environment, a host of practical challenges, including severe color pollution, the absence of regional cultural characteristics, and a lack of humanistic sensitivity in public spaces' color schemes, necessitates a thorough exploration of the intricate relationship between color and human psychological needs within environmental contexts. This study leverages the potential of interactive genetic algorithms as a powerful tool for innovative color design solutions. Anchored in the nexus of the environment, human psychology, and color theory, this research delves into the intricate nuances of marine urban landscape color. Employing a comprehensive approach that combines questionnaires and extensive field surveys, we seek to elucidate the critical interplay between color and human well-being. Drawing upon the case study of Zhuhai Shijingshan Park, we harness the principles of interactive genetic algorithms to iteratively design marine urban color patterns. Through this experimentation, our study unveils novel design strategies that harmonize with the psychological idiosyncrasies of the human–environment interface. Specifically, the findings of our research highlight the profound impact of color selection on the emotional and behavioral responses of individuals within marine urban landscapes. Our study contributes vital insights into the art and science of marine urban color design, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which color choices can enhance the quality of urban spaces and promote human well-being. This research endeavors to bridge the gap between marine urban design and human psychology through a comprehensive exploration of color design in marine urban landscapes. By addressing the practical challenges and leveraging innovative design techniques, we strive to provide a holistic understanding of the symbiotic relationship between color and human experience, ultimately enriching the design practices that shape our urban environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studii de Ştiintă şi Cultură is the property of Studii de Stiinta si Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The large scale of wind projects and wind turbines' height result in a high level of visibility in the surrounding environment. Urban environments and tourism landscapes are visually sensitive viewpoints with sensitive receptors that need accurate visual impact assessments for the prediction of new projects' effects on the existing landscape settings. In this study, distance, visibility, receptors sensitivity and view percentage that are four important criteria of visual impact have been used for impact assessment of Manjil wind farm's visual effect in the urban environment and tourist destinations of Manjil City in Gilan Province of Iran. The main asset of this study is applying the multi-criteria decision-making method and also using the receptor sensitivity factor which helps to the detection of the most fragile areas based on the sensitivity of the potential significant observers and prepares the possibility of calculating a more accurate extent of the affected areas according to the impact magnitude. Significant viewpoints were determined based on the land use maps and field study and the calculated visibility and view percentage of the points combined by interpolation methods to prepare criteria layers. Receptor sensitivity map developed with classifying the land use data according to the observers' sensitivity. The multi-criteria decision-making method and determined weights were used to calculate the visual impact magnitude. Significant viewpoints of the tourist destinations and buildings of the study area were affected by the high visual impact. Comparison of the calculated results from utilized techniques shows 84.73% similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical street scenes materialize essential cultural and artistic values for the cities in which they are located and their citizens. However, the visual quality of historical scenes is susceptible to a number of causes that could result in their deterioration. These causes can be environmental or man-made, with either generating elements that may influence the perceived visual quality of historical scenes. Therefore, this research is to assess the visual quality of historical street scenes and identify the elements that can potentially impact them. The study adopted a photo survey approach employing a Likert Scale as the main method to assess visual quality. In addition, a heatmap analysis technique was utilized to identify the elements that impact the visual quality of historical street scenes. The results indicate respondents’ high levels of dissatisfaction with the visual quality of Baghdad’s historical street scenes. The results also showed that modern facade materials, security concrete walls, and degraded buildings’ facades are elements that had a negative impact to the overall scenic quality. On the other hand, historical religious buildings, urban greenery, and unique historical buildings are elements that have a positive impact on the visual quality of historical street scenes. This research represents an approach for evaluating the visual impact and visual quality of historical street scenes, providing a quantitative tool for future initiatives focusing on the visual quality of historical legacy scenes. This research is a starting point for both researchers in urban conservation and architectural history, and municipal offices of improving the visual quality of historic streets scenes.

Shifts from fossil fuels toward renewable energy (RE) introduce profound changes to landscapes, including visual impacts that are often investigated during environmental and social impact assessment. Moreover, RE transitions are among many visual changes happening in rural areas that are increasingly serving amenity functions and becoming destinations for wide ranges of users. This diversity introduces complexities during infrastructure siting discussions. Emerging grape and wine production landscapes in Canada serve amenity and production purposes, and this study was designed to understand the impacts of RE development using case studies of solar panels and wind turbines in two vineyard landscapes in Ontario (ON) and British Columbia (BC). We applied novel mixed methods, including content analysis and saliency-based visual impact analysis, to textual and image-based representations posted on Instagram of those vineyards. In this case, the addition of low-density RE infrastructures did not seem to disturb the vineyard experience. The technique presented can be applied in a wide range of infrastructure siting contexts, both before and after construction, but requires additional research and calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mitigation process of agricultural sheds into the landscape is crucial for aesthetic quality of its landscape and architectural integrity. The evaluation of how residents perceive these elements and identifying preferred solutions is crucial for landscape planning. For identifying sets of preferred mitigation solutions and defining shared criteria for landscape planning a representative sample of the population was investigated. We have estimated the willingness to pay for integrating contemporary agricultural sheds in a UNESCO landscape. Data were collected in six Core Zones of "Vineyard Landscape of Piedmont: Langhe-Roero and Monferrato" (North-West Italy). Preferences toward different mitigation measures of the agricultural sheds were investigated using a Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) method. The DCE survey was carried out through face-to-face interviews involving 400 residents. The set of mitigation attributes (colour of the walls, colour of the roof, green barriers and plant green walls) was selected by means of a landscape analysis and presented to respondents using a set of images (close and distant views). Our study shows that the presence of green barriers (formal hedge and tree line) and the colour of the wall (green) are considered positive mitigation solutions. These attributes have a positive effect both in the close and the distant view. Our results confirmed that the distance may affect the visual impact of these buildings. Most of the respondents agree with the need to implement mitigation solutions for agricultural sheds, guaranteeing a better aesthetic enjoyment. • Integration of contemporary agricultural sheds in rural UNESCO landscape. • Estimation of the residents' willingness to pay for different mitigation solutions. • Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) method was used. • Nature based solutions, as preferred mitigation solutions. • Importance to involve farmers in rural landscape decision-making processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The visual impact of crop shelters in the rural landscape is of paramount importance for the sustainability of landscape planning. It is of utmost importance to protect a beautiful landscape characterized by archaeological sites and natural ecosystems but it is also fundamental to preserve a key economy based on agriculture. To preserve the landscape there is the need to understand its landscape units and to assess the feasibility of the application of landscape character assessment (LCA) at a local scale and adaptation to higher scales in the land-use planning process. In this study, a methodology based on viewshed analysis was integrated into LCA in order to define landscape character areas and types. An application of the method was done on greenhouse systems. Landscape evaluation was carried out by using both ECOVAST guidelines for landscape identification and indicators, which were defined and computed in order to describe the visual impact of greenhouses. The method was applied to a study area located in South Italy, in the Province of Ragusa, in the eastern part of Sicily, where the greenhouse system highly characterizes agricultural activities and made it possible to define landscape guidelines. Finally, a visibility map was drawn up to highlight the areas subject to the greatest visibility. In addition to objectifying the visual impact of greenhouses, the research verified that the proposed LCA-based methodology combined with viewshed analysis can be feasible for supporting the analysis phases of landscape and urban planning under the new territorial governance laws issued for the Region of Sicily in recent years. These analyses were useful to provide information that objectively takes into account the importance of the visual component in the context of landscape planning. Due to the limited surface of the sample area considered in this study, this research work should be considered a pilot or preliminary study. The extension of this methodology to the adjacent municipalities could represent the practical application performed by local authorities to define common regulations suitable to preserve landscape components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historical street scenes materialize essential cultural and artistic values for the cities in which they are located and their citizens. However, the visual quality of historical scenes is susceptible to a number of causes that could result in their deterioration. These causes can be environmental or man-made, with either generating elements that may influence the perceived visual quality of historical scenes. Therefore, this research is to assess the visual quality of historical street scenes and identify the elements that can potentially impact them. The study adopted a photo survey approach employing a Likert Scale as the main method to assess visual quality. In addition, a heatmap analysis technique was utilized to identify the elements that impact the visual quality of historical street scenes. The results indicate respondents' high levels of dissatisfaction with the visual quality of Baghdad's historical street scenes. The results also showed that modern facade materials, security concrete walls, and degraded buildings' facades are elements that had a negative impact to the overall scenic quality. On the other hand, historical religious buildings, urban greenery, and unique historical buildings are elements that have a positive impact on the visual quality of historical street scenes. This research represents an approach for evaluating the visual impact and visual quality of historical street scenes, providing a quantitative tool for future initiatives focusing on the visual quality of historical legacy scenes. This research is a starting point for both researchers in urban conservation and architectural history, and municipal offices of improving the visual quality of historic streets scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Color design plays a pivotal role in determining whether marine urban landscapes meet the diverse needs of individuals, encompassing their visual, psychological, behavioral, and spiritual dimensions. In the contemporary urban environment, a host of practical challenges, including severe color pollution, the absence of regional cultural characteristics, and a lack of humanistic sensitivity in public spaces’ color schemes, necessitates a thorough exploration of the intricate relationship between color and human psychological needs within environmental contexts. This study leverages the potential of interactive genetic algorithms as a powerful tool for innovative color design solutions. Anchored in the nexus of the environment, human psychology, and color theory, this research delves into the intricate nuances of marine urban landscape color. Employing a comprehensive approach that combines questionnaires and extensive field surveys, we seek to elucidate the critical interplay between color and human well-being. Drawing upon the case study of Zhuhai Shijingshan Park, we harness the principles of interactive genetic algorithms to iteratively design marine urban color patterns. Through this experimentation, our study unveils novel design strategies that harmonize with the psychological idiosyncrasies of the human–environment interface. Specifically, the findings of our research highlight the profound impact of color selection on the emotional and behavioral responses of individuals within marine urban landscapes. Our study contributes vital insights into the art and science of marine urban color design, shedding light on the nuanced ways in which color choices can enhance the quality of urban spaces and promote human well-being. This research endeavors to bridge the gap between marine urban design and human psychology through a comprehensive exploration of color design in marine urban landscapes. By addressing the practical challenges and leveraging innovative design techniques, we strive to provide a holistic understanding of the symbiotic relationship between color and human experience, ultimately enriching the design practices that shape our urban environments.

Purpose: This paper aims to enhance the visual quality of artificial above-ground structures, like pylons, masts, and towers of infrastructures and facilities, through a systematic design method for their morphological and structural optimization.Design/methodology/approach: The method achieves the functional and aesthetic goals based on the application of computer-aided tools. In particular, this is achieved according to three key steps:• Morphological development of landscape-related symbolism, environment, or culture and social needs.• Topology optimization of the design concept to reduce the structural weight and its visual impact.• Engineering of the resulting optimized structure.Practical implications: As a case study, the method is used for designing electricity pylons for the coastal territory of a Mediterranean European country, such as Italy. Citizens were involved during the identification phase of a symbolic shape for the concept development and during the final assessment phase.Research limitations/implications: The engineering phase has been performed by assembling standard lattice components with welded connections. Even if the use of this truss-like structure should lead to a minimum cost, the developed structure employs an additional 15%–20% of trusses and sheet metal covers the final cost is higher than a standard lattice pylon.Findings: The result is a structure with enhanced visual quality according to the international guidelines and fully complying with mandatory and functional requirements, such as regulatory and industrial feasibility, as well as those arising from social components.Originality/value: The method shows its potential in defining a custom design for lightweight structures with enhanced visual quality regarding the critical situation discussed here. The method considers both the subjective perception of citizens and their priorities and the landscape where the structures will be installed.

Technological research for the exploitation of marine energy has produced significant advances which promise to expedite the process of transitioning to renewable resources. However, many issues hinder the effective exploitation of marine energy: among these are cultural concerns regarding the visual impacts of these technologies used. Assuming that “protecting” means preserving without banning evolutive changes, seascape protection and ecological transition are not alternatives because both converge toward sustainability. Even so, scientific concepts, technical practices, social perceptions, and the decisions and actions associated with them raise contradictions and conflicts. Within the complex challenge of ecological transition, clean energy availability arises as a necessary and imperative condition. This article proposes a critical landscape design perspective which focuses on the importance of understanding and expressing contemporaneity through the changes it brings to habitats and life. A focus on the visual impact of marine wind turbine is proposed as an example for a general discussion on technical and social perceptions in a context of both cultural and spatial transition. Site-specific critical visions have to be imagined and discussed to produce not business as usual transformations. This article aims to show that decisions predominantly influenced by issues of visual impact do not adequately express the cultural dimension of ecological transition.

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art & Communication and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many studies with empirical evidence have supported the claim that pre-assumptions about the flavor, texture, portion size, freshness, ripeness, and even nutrient information of food could be estimated just by a glance without actual biting. The perception of food can rely on visual cues, thereby influencing final choices and eating behavior. Plate-setting as an inextricable part of food-related vision plays an important role, hence, this article focused on plate-setting, including the plating and plateware, to explore the potential of using visual cues to promote dietary health. Visual studies and psychological experiments on food perception and eating behavior were reviewed to elaborate the visual impact of plate-setting on portion size, preference, flavor perception and health awareness. This indepth understanding of the visual characteristics from food images analysis suggests that plate-setting has the potential to promote dietary health via applying appropriate perceptual visual cues. Therefore, this can be regarded as an emerging value for food design, while simultaneously honoring traditional chef expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decarbonization of energy power generation is the main ambition globally. In this new era, the development of offshore wind farms (OWFs) will play a vital role. So, the social acceptability of the deployment of offshore wind farms has to be investigated in detail. The principal goal of this study is to test existing tools for the assessment of the visual impact due to an OWF. Improvements were also suggested, when it was found that the factors did not correspond to reality. The adopted methodology compared the results from the original Spanish method, Spanish method II, Greek legislation, local people surveys, and innovative combinations of scenarios to minimize the visual impact. The software tools AutoCAD, ArcGIS, and Google Earth were also employed. The study area is Kissamos, Western Crete. The results showed that the original Spanish method had a deviation of 88.0% from the public opinion and, hence, the method requires improvements according to today's data. On the contrary, one of the new suggested scenarios was verified to be more concise and accurate, reaching a deviation of 19.7%. [Display omitted] • A methodology to quantify visual impact of an Offshore Wind Farm (OWF) is suggested. • Spanish method modifications, along with other methods are tested and the results are compared. • The original Spanish method needs to be upgraded in order to assess the Visual Impact (VI) of an OWF. • The grade of the VI that a person could feel is highly related to its opinion on the Renewable Energy Technologies (RET). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Düzce University Journal of Forestry / Düzce Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Ormancılık Dergisi is the property of Duzce University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some urban regulations oblige to replace buildings with visual impact in the surroundings of a historical monument, what implies undesired sustainable and social consequences. We conducted a study to evaluate if alternative façade solutions can improve the assessment of cityscape integration and preferences for six tall buildings with visual impact in the surroundings of the Serranos Towers of Valencia (XIVth Century). Results show that, although replacing buildings is the most integrated solution, some alternatives also improve the landscape integration of visually-impacting architectures and are better preferred than demolition. Citizens are in favor of intermediate positions between actual state and demolition, with people unfamiliar with the area more inclined towards demolition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new comprehensive systematic for the feasibility of BIPV is proposed. • BIPV potential is combined with visual impact assessment from different viewpoints. • Influence of road-side vegetation on irradiation and visibility was also analysed. • A case study in a commercial district with high-rise buildings was carried out. • Strategies for BIPV application are suggested for different levels of visual impact. Deployment of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) requires smart planning to optimise the production of renewable energies, while preserving the aesthetic quality of the urban landscape, especially in densely built-up urban environments. A comprehensive mapping tool is proposed here to investigate the feasibility of BIPV applications, by introducing a quantitative visual impact assessment in addition to the traditional energy yield projections. The concept is tested in a case study of buildings along Orchard Road, the main commercial and tourist boulevard in the South-East Asian city state of Singapore. First, a visibility analysis of each building surface is conducted from the perspective of simulated pedestrians at street-level, based on line-of-sight. This is followed by an assessment of the solar energy harvesting potential based on simulated annual solar irradiation values on the various building surfaces. Lastly, the visibility assessment is overlaid on the 3D solar irradiation map to identify and visualise the most suitable building surfaces for BIPV applications. In addition, the influence of road-side trees on the feasibility of BIPV has been studied. Depending on the degree of visual impact, different strategies are proposed for the optimum deployment of BIPV, ranging from high-efficiency technologies to aesthetic BIPV and media walls. The proposed methodology could evolve as a standard tool for the decision-making process in high-density urban environments and thus further assist in promoting the large-scale adoption of BIPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical attempts to remove large/giant congenital melanocytic naevi (LGCMN) are supported mainly by the theoretical improvement in patients’ self-image; however such surgery can result in unaesthetic scarring. We hypothesize that difference in appearance itself has an impact, and hence surgery cannot negate this impact. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore how LGCMN and scarring are perceived by non-affected people. We surveyed the visual impact on 1,015 health and non-health professionals working in a university hospital. Participants were assigned to 1 of 3 surveys, which, based on photographs of children: (i) assessed the visual impact of LGCMN; (ii) the visual impact of scarring; (iii) compared the impact of LGCMN and scarring. Feelings and perceptions evoked by images of children, either with LGCMN or with scarring, were remarkably similar. However, when the images of the same child (with LGCMN or scarring) were shown together, respondents showed significantly increased preference for scarring.

Surgical attempts to remove large/giant congenital melanocytic naevi (LGCMN) are supported mainly by the theoretical improvement in patients' self-image; however such surgery can result in unaesthetic scarring. We hypothesize that difference in appearance itself has an impact, and hence surgery cannot negate this impact. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore how LGCMN and scarring are perceived by non-affected people. We surveyed the visual impact on 1,015 health and non-health professionals working in a university hospital. Participants were assigned to 1 of 3 surveys, which, based on photographs of children: (i) assessed the visual impact of LGCMN; (ii) the visual impact of scarring; (iii) compared the impact of LGCMN and scarring. Feelings and perceptions evoked by images of children, either with LGCMN or with scarring, were remarkably similar. However, when the images of the same child (with LGCMN or scarring) were shown together, respondents showed significantly increased preference for scarring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power plants based on renewable sources offer environmental, technical and economic advantages. Of particular importance is the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional power plants. Despite the advantages, people are often opposed to the construction of these facilities due to their high visual impact, particularly if they are close to places with a great cultural and/or landscape value. This paper proposes a new methodology for identifying the most suitable geographical areas for the construction of new photovoltaic (PV) power plants in zones of special scenic or cultural interest, helping to keep the environment free from the visual intrusions caused by these facilities. From several repeated analyses, the degree of visibility of the new PV plant, the potential observation time of passing visitors, considering the route they follow and their speed, and the increase in visibility of the plants when seen totally or partially with the sky as background, are determined. The result obtained is a map showing the ranking of the geographical areas based on a variable calculated in such analyses: the Global Accumulated Perception Time (GAPT). The application of this methodology can help the different agents involved in the decision-making process for the installation of new PV plant by providing them with an objective visibility criterion.

The transition to a low carbon society is dependent on renewable energy-based electrification. Nevertheless, energy programs have resulted in growing societal polarization in several regions. Therefore, around the globe, government and legislative authorities at the local, regional, national, and international levels are highly concerned about the environmental impacts and risk factors that influence the energy paradigm. Thus, to minimize and/or limit the environmental insecurity issues, the world needs swift and effective actions to secure the climate for a better tomorrow. Moreover, there is a dire need to look for new energy alternatives, along with reducing the complete dependence on petro-based energy sources. Keeping this burning issue in mind, herein, an effort has been made to present the potential of several renewable energy sources, including wind-based renewable energy, solar-based renewable energy, hydro-based renewable energy, and biomass-based renewable energy. Following a brief introduction of energy-related problems and opportunities, a comparative overview is given to renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources. Then, several renewable energy sources, including wind, solar, hydro, and biomass, along with the worldwide energy capacity of each energy source are given with suitable examples and statistics. Finally, risk factors, concluding remarks, and future guidelines are discussed towards the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tall buildings have become an integral part of cities despite all their pros and cons. Some current tall buildings have several problems because of their unsuitable location; the problems include increasing density, imposing traffic on urban thoroughfares, blocking view corridors, etc. Some of these buildings have destroyed desirable views of the city. In this research, different criteria have been chosen, such as environment, access, social-economic, land-use, and physical context. These criteria and sub-criteria are prioritized and weighted by the analytic network process (ANP) based on experts' opinions, using Super Decisions V2.8 software. On the other hand, layers corresponding to sub-criteria were made in ArcGIS 10.3 simultaneously, then via a weighted overlay (map algebra), a locating plan was created. In the next step seven hypothetical tall buildings (20 stories), in the best part of the locating plan, were considered to evaluate how much of theses hypothetical buildings would be visible (fuzzy visibility) from the street and open spaces throughout the city. These processes have been modeled by MATLAB software, and the final fuzzy visibility plan was created by ArcGIS. Fuzzy visibility results can help city managers and planners to choose which location is suitable for a tall building and how much visibility may be appropriate. The proposed model can locate tall buildings based on technical and visual criteria in the future development of the city and it can be widely used in any city as long as the criteria and weights are localized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although overall support for wind farms in Australia is strong, the rapid growth in their number and size has led to concerns about their visual impact, as evidenced by organised opposition and litigation. In March 2018, an Australia-wide Internet survey mainly of clubs and councils was conducted which asked respondents to rate the scenic quality of the landscape with and without a wind farm, and also to rate the acceptability or otherwise of the wind farm in scenes with the wind farm. Photographs of wind farms in NSW, Victoria and SA were used. From the response of nearly 800 participants a sample of 556, weighted to be representative of the Australian population, was analysed. While the respondents rated the scenic quality of landscapes with wind farms lower than scenes without them, they rated wind farms acceptable in virtually all landscapes, including high scenic quality coastal scenes. The finding suggests that the community is very tolerant of the visual impact of wind farms. Results are presented for 18 wind farms. This survey is unique in that it not only asked participants to rate the landscape with and without wind farms but it also asked them to rate the acceptability of the wind farm in each scene. To the author's knowledge, this had not been accomplished previously in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, owing to the long-span adverse impact of utilizing petrochemicals and economic crises, wind energy has stood-up as a cost-effective source of energy. It endorsed as having the emission-free ability, green and is also subsidies by states support and credits benefits for taxes. It has several positive impacts, such as (i) environmental (ii) social (iii) economic and (iv) cultural impacts. To make the wind farms acceptable to the public, a major hurdle that must be overcome, as apart from withstanding both the cost pressures. People are now more aware of the risks associated with climate change; the problem of wind turbines is particularly related to deforestation/land use and migration route. Such challenges need to be properly addressed to ensure technology development to provide ongoing political and public support. In this paper, the development of wind energy atlas is summarized with particular reference to its positive impacts (clean and green) and negative impacts, namely noise, imagery, deforestation, and land erosion. Practical solutions in wind farms are also discussed with suitable examples. The given points need to be included in the data that harmonizes wind energy with wildlife conservation, such as (i) engineers/programmers use turbines developed to allow central collisions; (ii) decisions and other relevant aspects, deadlines, Including a comparison of bird mortality before and after construction; (iii) using improved computational dynamics and other advanced technologies to further evaluate the impact of turbine noise on the location of predators in the wild to help minimize the impact of this clean and green energy. • Positive impact and challenges of renewable wind energy paradigms are reviewed. • Wind energy is an important replacement to conventional fossil-based fuel resources. • The technological paradigm for the development of wind energy technology is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While renewable energy sources enjoy high public support, projects are rarely implemented without opposition. The term energy landscapes indicates that landscape change is amongst the most frequent issues. This study researched lay people's perceptions of landscapes changed by solar power plants. The first objective was to discover how likely solar power plants are to be noticed in the landscape. The second objective was to determine the associations observers make when spotting a solar power plant. The data was collected by participatory photography and focus groups. Participants visited six solar power plants. The results show that they are highly noticeable and contentious objects. Participants who understood the landscape as a rural idyll disapproved of solar power plants, while for those who perceived the landscape through a utilitarian narrative, the (mis)fit of the solar power plant depended on its relation to the surrounding landscape structure. Landscape degradation was contrasted with low-carbon energy and developmental benefits. The results provide evidence on the interdependence of visual and non-visual factors and suggest improvements in planning and design of solar power plants. While the method gives a rich in-depth insight into landscape perception, it is also context dependent and needs further research to obtain more generalisable results. • A novel in situ method shows photovoltaics are highly noticeable landscape elements. • Laypeople mostly contrast energy benefits with landscape degradation. • Mimicking landscape structure improves power plant's integration with the landscape. • Issues exposed by laypeople correspond well with impacts proposed by experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of cities and the urban system has developed as a research direction based on systemic theory, through which the city is introduced into the equation of geographical analysis more and more as an optimally open thermodynamic and informational system, with dissipative structures and a high capacity organization. The new transition conditions of the Romanian city and Romanian urban system as a whole put their mark on their evolution. From a centralized phase of urban development we move to a relatively chaotic one, in which the structuring processes are very confusing and the lack of adequate tools to control urban development through the intervention of civil society, communities involved and specialists accentuates the disorder. the level of the regional urban systems of the cities themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although wind energy is a pollution-free and infinitely sustainable form of energy, there is considerable concern over certain environmental effects resulting from its development. Criticism focuses primarily on the visual impact of wind turbines and transmission lines, which may result in perceived deterioration of the landscape and also harm other economic activities such as tourism and real estate. This study applies the hedonic pricing method to estimate the value of environmental externalities associated with large-scale exploitation of wind power at a local level. It examines the characteristics of approximately 1,800 sales of single-family homes surrounding 17 existing wind facilities in two Greek islands, namely Evia and Kefalonia. Four different hedonic price models are developed and applied, with diverging results in the two areas. We find that in Evia, the per unit floor area sales price decreased for dwellings located within a 2 km radius of the wind farms, while in Kefalonia, the distance of the house to the wind turbines had no statistically significant effect on the sales price. • Hedonic pricing is used for valuing environmental impact of wind power. • 1,800 home sales surrounding 17 wind facilities in two Greek islands examined. • In Evia, home values are reduced within a zone of 2 km from the wind farms. • The external cost of wind energy was estimated at €2.59/MWh. • In Kefalonia, wind farms do not influence the sale prices of properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wind turbines with taller hubs and longer blades are more feasible and cost-effective than their predecessors since they reduce the unit cost of energy production. However, the larger size of these structures makes them more visible and dominant features in the landscape. Higher visibility of wind turbines generally raises economic and environmental concerns in communities. The increasing size of wind turbines, therefore, poses a dilemma between lower costs of wind energy and higher visibility impacts. Most MCDM applications highlight the importance of wind turbine visibility and conceptualize this factor as the distance from settlements, coastal areas, etc. They assume that the higher distance from a potential turbine site lowers the impact of visibility or vice versa. This assumption helps introduce visibility impacts into the MCDM to some degree. However, calculating visibility can provide more reliable and realistic geospatial information to be used as a decision variable. This paper conceptualizes turbine visibility as quantitative visibility scores derived from multiple viewshed calculations. Geospatial information on visibility, capacity factor, land cover, topographic ruggedness, slope, and eight other distance criteria (e.g., distance from settlements) were processed in a GIS environment. Fuzzy standardization and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were used to standardize the maps and calculate criteria weights. A suitability map was produced by combining the weighted maps. Policy recommendations were made for wind power deployment. [Display omitted] • Suitability for wind power deployment was analyzed using a multi-criteria assessment. • The criterion of visibility was integrated with twelve other criteria. • Standardized and weighted criteria maps were combined to derive suitability scores. • Suitability is high in remote mountainous areas and low in the coastal zone. • Low suitability in the coastal zone is an advantage for coastal tourism planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]