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As we are moving toward an age of digital globalization and online shopping, there is an increasing need for an efficient and reliable system that can help the consumers and the visitors to find their suitable products. Currently, various websites display the searched product when a visitor comes to their website. What we need is a system, which can recommend the products which are like the searched products. This will help the consumer to find out another product in case the item is unavailable, or the searched product is not good enough, or when they would like to look through different similar products. A good recommendation system has been found out to be financially beneficial for the companies also. It is found out that consumer is 35% more likely to buy a product if the recommendation is good enough for consumers. This proposed approach to the problem of the product recommendation system is to make use of the Amazon Apparel database, which contains data of 180,000 apparels. We are going to use NLP technologies and CNN to help in predicting similar products. Title of the product is used as a major attribute during NLP analysis and recommendation. CNN used at last to create a feature vector from product images, and use this vector combined with all the other vectors, for prediction. We compare the distance between vectors of all products and recommend the products with least distance. VGG-16 architecture used to extract the features from the images.

Visitor responses to art exhibitions vary depending on visitor traits, the exhibition context, as well as the sensory engagement between visitor and exhibition. The present investigation explored visitors’ experiences of Love: Art of Emotions, a curated exhibition shown at the National Gallery of Victoria in 2017, which comprised a variety of artworks from the early modern period selected to address the broad theme of love. This article reports on a mixed-methods research project using a short survey and brief exit interviews with visitors to consider how the visitor experience was characterized, the factors that influenced this experience, and how the exhibition content was perceived, with particular focus on the emotional content portrayed in the exhibition’s collection of artworks. Results of quantitative analyses indicate that familiarity with artworks and their historical period combine with motivations for attending the exhibition (such as being motivated by the exhibition’s theme) and have a clear positive influence on one’s emotional experience of the exhibition overall. The results of thematic analyses pertaining to the interview responses provide evidence that visitors processed both the emotional and historical content in the exhibition—indicative of having contemplative experiences and often processing the exhibition content in relation to themselves. These findings have implications for designing future exhibitions and contribute to our broader understanding of how modern-day audiences perceive and respond to historical art exhibitions and the work they comprise.

For nearly a century in the United States, visitor capacities have served as a means of preserving resources and the visitor experience on public lands. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased interest in implementing visitor capacities that could potentially limit use on public lands, suggesting a need to understand public support for their use in a timely manner. Risk and trust have been used in previous research concerning support for natural resource and outdoor recreation decision-making. Research in this realm includes investigation at the intersection of outdoor recreation and public health, specific to chronic wasting disease. Following this previous research, this study utilizes the constructs of risk and trust to examine support for visitor capacities that could potentially limit use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this theory-driven research relies on the cultural theory of risk and social trust theory. Using structural equation modeling and a sample of avid outdoor enthusiasts, we examine how well 1) perceived individual risk, 2) perceived community risk, 3) trust in public health agencies, and 4) trust in public land agencies predict support for visitor capacities that could potentially limit use. An email-distributed online survey was available for 48 hours beginning on April 30, 2020—during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Measurement of perceived risk and trust followed previous research relating to outdoor recreation and public health. Results indicate that outdoor enthusiasts are concerned about their individual and community health and reported higher levels of trust in data coming directly from public health agencies as opposed to state or federal land management agencies. Additionally, perceived individual risk and perceived community risk were significant predictors of support for visitor capacities. These findings can be used to improve the effectiveness of messaging intended to connect perceived risk to the management of parks and protected areas, thus providing credibility to management actions implemented during the pandemic. Additional implications from this research include the need for additional research examining support for management actions that could potentially limit use on public lands, the multidimensionality of trust in outdoor recreation, and individual risk in frontcountry outdoor recreation settings.Subscribe to JPRA

This paper examines the potential economic spillover effects of a home-sharing platform---Airbnb---on the growth of a complimentary local service---restaurants. By circumventing traditional land-use regulations and providing access to underutilized inventory, Airbnb attracts visitors to outlets that are not traditional tourist destinations. Although visitors generally bring significant spending power, it is unclear whether visitors use Airbnb only primarily for lodging and thus do not contribute to the adjacent economy. To evaluate this, we focus on the impact of Airbnb on the restaurant employment growth across locales in New York City (NYC). Specifically, we focus on areas in NYC that did not attract a significant tourist volume prior to the emergence of home-sharing service. Our results indicate a salient and economically significant positive spillover effect on restaurant job growth in an average NYC locality. A 1 percentage point increase in the intensity of Airbnb activity (Airbnb reviews per household) leads to approximately 1.7% restaurant employment growth. Since home-sharing visitors are lodging in areas that are not accustomed to tourists, we also investigate the demographic and market-structure related heterogeneity of our results. Notably, restaurants in areas with a relatively high number of White residents disproportionately benefit from the economic spillover of Airbnb activity whereas the impact in majority Black areas is not statistically significant. We validate the underlying mechanism behind the results by evaluating the impact of Airbnb on Yelp visitor reviews, revealing that areas with increased Airbnb activity experience a surge in their share of NYC visitor reviews. This result is further validated by evaluating the impact of a unique Airbnb neighborhood-level exogenous policy recently implemented in New Orleans.

The study of foraging behaviour of butterflies has been an important focus among the lepidopterists for years. Although established as invasive weed plant, the role Lantana camara as an important host plant as well as a food plant for the butterfly species is now well-known. The present study aims to interpret the role of morphological variables of the visitor butterflies in relation to their foraging behaviour on Lantana camara. Butterflies with longer proboscis were more efficient in foraging on flowers of Lantana camara than the butterflies with shorter ones, when the species containing proboscis same as or longer than their body length were excluded. Longer relative proboscis length (RPL) have selective advantage for foraging over Lantana camara up to a certain point (RPL = 0.881) and after that larger relative proboscis length often obstructs foraging behaviour as the handling time increases and these butterflies face more resistance against incoming nectar than the others.The residuals (body weight-wing span) also act as important factor.The handling time of the butterflies on Lantana camara shows a negative relationship with the residuals. The findings suggests that in case of Lantana camara as a nectaring plant butterfly species with longer proboscis have selective advantage for exploitation of the resource than the species with shorter ones and plantation of Lantana camara may be useful for conserving the long tongued butterfly species.

Most event organizers depend on visitor expenditures to generate revenue, yet the full economic potential of many events is not fully exploited. This unprecedented research examines if weather conditions contribute to greater visitor expenditures. Data were collected from 2,935 in-person administered surveys at a major golf tournament in the Netherlands over a period of 3 years and examined sociodemographic characteristics, behavior, motive variables, and weather conditions to determine their relationship with visitor expenditures. The results show that the amount of rain was related to visitor expenditures and not air temperature. To maximize the visitor expenditures for events like outdoor golf tournaments it is recommended to choose a dry over a warmer period.

Nighttime activities and events specifically related to natural phenomena are becoming increasingly popular. As nighttime recreation in parks and protected areas increases, managers must implement policies and frameworks that maintain both the visitor experience and natural darkness and soundscapes. The Congaree National Park Fireflies Festival celebrates the annual fireflies mating season, and after national renown for this event the park has witnessed increased visitation. Over the past year, visitation rates have forced management to implement a designated trail to enhance the visitor experience while reducing crowding on the boardwalk and manage the natural phenomena more like a festival event than an outdoor recreation opportunity. Visitor perceptions of these actions are currently unknown. Therefore, this study examined visitor motivations for attending the event and their perceptions of crowding to distinguish whether festival attendees had higher tolerances of crowding at a nature-based event within a national park. This study implemented an online survey and phone interviews to distinguish what factors at the Fireflies Festival bolster or degrade visitor experiences and to gauge perceptions of current and future management actions. Moreover, this study sought to understand visitor motivations to attend BBNEs and employed the novelty seeking and Event (Festival) Motivations Scale. This study expands on night recreation research and fills in some of the literature gap on nighttime event management in a national park setting.

Recently the onsite digital interpretation spreads widely. It is age of smart phones, tablets, interactive desktop and the virtual reality. There is no longer digital engagement but digital living, as digital devices became the norm and part of the daily life. This research identifies the different onsite digital interpretation tools with a specific focus on the current uses at Banque Misr Museum. The research concludes by discussing the evaluation of the onsite digital interpretation at Banque Misr Museum, Specific technologies discussed and evaluated include multimedia room, Mini Culturama, Interactive desktop. Evaluation has done through interviews, observation and the user experience's reviews; as a consequence, the research considers the possibility of improving the visitor's experience by using the digital technologies for interpretation to give a kind of immersive, their applications are easy to deal with for everybody; applications are covering lack of signs and labels.

Purpose This chapter investigates the current trend toward both creative and experiential tourism in cities in terms of the development and marketing of local attractions. Methodology/approach Creative tourism in cities is profiled through a literature review and further investigated by means of a case study at a local attraction in Toronto, Canada. The choice of a site was one of a creative city and the re-purposing of a formerly industrial site for visitation. Findings The study of Evergreens Brickworks demonstrated the use of marketing techniques to identify markets and match visitors with experiences. The visitor segmentation method determined that pre-scheduled and bookable activities offered for locals need to be offered on a different basis for tourists, who may be one time visitors to the site. The product-market match process suggested areas in which products could be modified or indeed created. Practical implications This practical study offers lessons for other local visitor attractions and their managers desiring to identify market segments and match them with appropriate activities creating experiential tourism at the site level within the creative city context. Originality/value While many studies of the creative tourism concept and cities have been undertaken within the context of destinations this research offers a site-specific perspective as well as marketing perspective that will be of practical value to attraction managers.

Intensified urbanization has led to more populated cities and less green spaces which are vital to community health, wellbeing and conservation. Rouge Urban National Park in Toronto has recently become Canada’s first urban national park. This park is ideally suited to the millennial population, offering outdoor recreation and green space that this growing market generally desires. There is, however, a lack of research into visitor motivations to urban parks and more specifically millennial motivations. Findings from 280 quantitative surveys found three main barriers to visiting the Urban National Park: distance, transportation, and awareness. The lack of public transport combined with road congestion and fewer millennials owning cars creates issues with accessibility. Poor branding and knowledge through electronic media creates low awareness within a demographic market so tied to technology. Keywords: urban national parks; millennials; distance decay theory; visitor motivations; Canada

Visitors and Rewriters are a well-known and powerful design pattern for processing regular data structures in a declarative way, while still writing imperative code. The authors' "umod" model generator creates Java data models from a concise and algebraic notation, including code for visitor skeleton classes according to traversal annotations. User visitors are derived from these, overriding selected generated methods with payload code. All branches of the visiting trajectory that are not affected can thus be safely pruned according to control flow analysis. In the first version [Markus Lepper and Baltasar Trancón y Widemann, 2011], the pruning was implemented by dynamic case distinction. Here we have developed a new solution employing code generation at runtime., OASIcs, Vol. 109, Eelco Visser Commemorative Symposium (EVCS 2023), pages 20:1-20:12

Companies started to determine their strategies based on intelligent data analysis due to stagey enhance data production. Literature reviews show that the number of resources where demand estimation, location analysis, and decision-making technique applied together with the machine learning method is low in all sectors and almost none in the shopping mall domain. Within this study’s scope, a new hybrid fuzzy prediction method has been developed that will estimate the customer numbers for shopping malls. This new methodology is applied to predict the number of visitors of three shopping malls on the Anatolian side of Istanbul. The forecasting study for corresponding shopping malls is made by using the daily signaling data from indoor base stations of large-scale technology and telecommunications services provider and the features to be used in machine learning models is determined by fuzzy multi criteria decision making method. Output revealed by the application of the fuzzy multi criteria decision making method enables the prioritization of features.

Protected areas (PA's) achieve recognition and enhanced protection when a sufficient number of tourists visit and appreciate them and influence policy to assure their survival. Despite the growing importance, little attention has been paid to visitor satisfaction in PAs. Visitor experience and satisfaction may be influenced by many attributes of PAs. The present study is an attempt to examine the effect of visitor impact management (VIM) practices on visitor experience and satisfaction concerning eco and wildlife tourism at Eravikulam National Park (ENP). VIM is a component of PA management and is required to ensure a high level of visitor experience, education, facilities, and services. For this purpose, researchers have measured the socio-economic profile of visitors and various attributes viz. Tourism Activities (TA), Environmental Impacts (ENI), Socio-Cultural Impacts (SCI), Visitor Impact Management (VIM), Visitor Education (VE), and overall satisfaction of visitors (OSA). The results of the study show that VIM is significantly and positively correlated with VE, OSA of visitors. (VIM, TA, ENI, SCI, VE) explained partial variation in the criterion variable viz., OSA.

Urban greenspaces, such as urban public parks, may provide a range of benefits to people visiting those spaces. The extent and type of visitor benefits may be influenced by a range of park characteristics such as the presence of manicured and naturalistic features, the urban setting and visitor perceptions of park naturalness. Understanding visitor perceptions of park naturalness contributes to understanding the role different types of urban greenspace play in providing nature contact and associated benefits for urban populations. Hence, our study set out to determine visitor perceptions of the naturalness and associated benefits of two parks in different urban settings, suburban and peri-urban, in the city of Perth, Western Australia. Each park had different zones in terms of naturalistic and manicured areas for public use. An on-site visitor intercept survey using convenience sampling was conducted simultaneously at both parks in 2017. Sampling was conducted in the naturalistic and manicured zones of each park. The questionnaire included a seven-point perceived naturalness scale (ranging from completely artificial to completely natural) and a park visitor benefits question, drawn from the literature, where respondents rated seven items on a five-point scale (strongly agree to strongly disagree). We found the suburban park was rated as significantly less natural than the Peri urban park. However, there was no significant difference in perceived naturalness between zone types within each park (manicured versus naturalistic). A moderate positive relationship was identified between perceived naturalness and perceived key benefits at both parks. This study further highlights the importance of retaining naturalistic areas within urban environments.

Despite tourism researchers continually collecting new data on visitors, academic understanding of the utilisation of this knowledge remains fragmented. Using a sample of 407 national park studies published from 2014 to 2018, this paper applies the systematic quantitative literature review method in a novel way to confirm the main components of visitor research and investigate its potential integration into protected area management activities. Visitor research encapsulates data about visitors’ socio-demographic and psychographic attributes; travel arrangements and pre-visit information; visitor use patterns at the destination; experience outcomes and visitation-related impacts. The results indicate most of the research leads to recommendations for applications in management activities that exhibit a strong visitor interface, such as enhancing the visitor experience, managing visitor use, improving visitor interpretation and communication, and monitoring and evaluating social and environmental conditions. There is an association between different types of research and its management applications. Most studies included recommendations for application in an identifiable management problem, but research evaluating past management decisions or practices were less common. Studies involving embedded researchers were more likely to include practical recommendations, an important result with the apparent decline in embedded research capacity worldwide.

This study empirically investigates the determinants and drivers of Hong Kong's inbound tourism using data from January 2019 to December 2020. Five of Hong Kong's major regional tourism source markets are selected: Japan, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and South Korea. Our empirical results suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant negative impacts on the tourism and aviation sectors in Hong Kong that are asymmetric in the source and destination countries. In addition, international travel control imposed by the Hong Kong government is often defined according to the pandemic situation in the tourism source countries, Hong Kong's inbound visitor volume is also significantly affected by the Hong Kong government's response to COVID-19 infection cases in the tourism origin markets. Our empirical results also suggest that the flying distance to Hong Kong and high tourism costs in Hong Kong reduced visitor arrival demand, whereas increased aviation services and tourism market potential contributed to tourism growth. These results suggest that the tourism industry and government agencies should cooperate to recover when the pandemic is under good control, so that Hong Kong will be regarded as a preferred and safe destination for travelers and visitors. Our study emphasizes the complementarity between pandemic control and tourism recovery. Pandemic control involves extra tests and quarantine requirements on passengers, more vigorous border control. These operational and associated financial requirements call for government support to the tourism and aviation sectors in the early stage of recovery to create a positive feedback loop.

Objective To assess the effect of computer-based training (CBT) and leadership communication on incident learning system reports pertaining to institutional policy that targets biased, prejudiced, and racist behaviors of patients and visitors toward health care employees. Patients and Methods Mayo Clinic developed a CBT module and comprehensive communication strategy to educate staff on the Patient and Visitor Conduct Policy. Additional goals were to demonstrate leadership endorsement and support of the policy, teach how to report an incident, and facilitate how policy enforcement might occur. Using descriptive statistics, we compared the reporting data before and after the intervention. Results Participants were 13,980 employees in 68 clinics and 18 hospitals in the US Midwest. Bias and misconduct incidents entered in the incident reporting system increased 312% (n=140 incidents; preintervention, n=34) in the quarter (ie, 3 months) immediately after intervention. The number of incidents in the next quarter stayed increased (234%; n=114) compared with the preintervention number. Secondary debriefing with employees showed the value of the education and the importance of leadership support at the highest level to facilitate comfort in policy enforcement. Conclusion Institutional policy that targets biased, prejudiced, and racist behaviors of patients toward employees in a health care setting can be augmented with employee education and leadership support to facilitate change. The CBT, paired with a robust communication plan and active leadership endorsement and engagement, resulted in increased reporting of biased, prejudiced, and racist behaviors of patients.

In this article I discuss an innovative museum strategy that aims to create a more evocative and engaging visitor experience. I argue that the inclusion of contemporary art, and specifically sculpture in exhibition design, activates visitor agency, empowering the public to take part in interpreting the human past. I explore the unique sensory engagement sculpture provides and the important role this can play for the public presentation of archaeology. I also examine an existing project that has called upon sculpture as an interpretive resource at the National Museum of Scotland, discussing its impact on visitors and its contribution to the discipline. I conclude with a discussion of a selection of living sculptors including Rachel Whiteread and Antony Gormley whose work, I argue, signals exciting opportunities for future artist-curator collaboration. By considering both current examples and future possibilities, this article builds a case for sculpture as an important and dynamic tool for the public understanding of archaeology in museums.

As cities transition towards urbanization and sustainability, designing attractive green spaces and urban parks is an important issue to planners and urban designers. One factor believed to have some impact on a park’s attractiveness is level of enclosure. Despite the importance of such a factor in identifying types of park visitors and frequency of visits, a limited amount of research has attempted to statistically model impacts of level enclosure on a park’s attractiveness. To address this gap, this article explores impacts of multiple physical characteristics, including levels of enclosure, on park attractiveness and user behavior. Activities in two parks in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE) were studied using field observations, photography, interviews, and statistical analysis. Field observations were utilized to model people’s attitude while using parks. Logistic regression was employed to the field observations to investigate associations between different factors and park attractiveness. Results indicated levels of enclosure had a direct influence on park users. Gender, age, and ethnicity were also found statistically significant determinates of park visitor attitudes and park choice. Traces of territorial behaviors and social conflicts were also observed.

Indonesia is one of the countries that implement Institutional Repositories (IR) in their academic world. According to the National Library of Indonesia, there are more than 7890 academic IR in Indonesia. However, there is no research investigating the institutional repository's security aspect in the Indonesian academic institutional repository. This paper will explore Indonesian academic IR's security by examining how to secure a connection between the network with encrypted communication to ensure that an intruder does not compromise the relationship between the server and the browser. This research's methodology is conducting experimental on the best institutional repository in Indonesia involving a private and public university. Some serious finding is that most Indonesian Academic Institutional Repositories have vulnerable security issues in their SSL and TLS and can cause a severe problem for their information asset's security in the future. The conclusion is that Indonesian academic institutions' security is not secure, and they need to consider this issue seriously. Create better security intervention for IR with the latest high-quality technology and policy to protect the information asset such as user, administrator, and visitor personal data and valuable digital objects in Indonesian academic IR.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between stakeholder market orientation (StMO) and sustainability performance (SP) at tourism destinations (TDs). Design/methodology/approach Using a quantitative survey, data was collected from 313 tourism business managers, who are the owners or managers of the tourism businesses at the TDs, and was analysed using the partial least square structural equation model. Findings Findings indicate that environmental performance is the highest sustainability management practice adhered to at the TDs. Also, community and visitor orientations predicted SP most, with all its hypotheses supported. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the impact of StMO dimensions on SP within the TDs, thereby limiting generalisation to other sectors. Practical implications Tourism marketing managers are given the knowledge that StMO strategy is a precondition for effective implementation and adoption of SP strategy. Social implications The results have key social implications, in that a sustainability marketing strategy that will assist in the increase acceptance of sustainability programs within the tourism sector has been noted. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is believed to be the first empirical study to test the relationship between StMO dimensions and three SP dimensions. This study will improve the sustainability management of tourism resources in Ghana. It will further aid in meeting some of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

“Go Green Campus” is a university program that requires all elements on campus to minimize the use and waste of paper and plastic. This encourages the transition from paper data collection to digitizing data storage to computer media. The Guest Book web application for Secretariat Lab of Faculty of Computer Science (FIK) Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veterans Jakarta (UPNVJ) is a website-based software to facilitate the process of collecting visitor’s data who visit the FIK lab secretariat room. This application can replace the previous conventional guestbook to digital. The application built using the waterfall method and using the PHP programming language with the Laravel framework and MySQL database running on a local server. The Guestbook Web-based system for the Secretariat of the Laboratory of the FIK, UPNVJ can gather student’s data who visit the FIK lab secretariat room and the information can be downloaded in pdf and excel form. This web application also provides features such as covid-19 self-screening survey, news information, critics and suggestions, and the activity log list. The system that has been developed has also passed the security aspect test, reliability aspect test, portability aspect test, usage aspect test and is able to carry out the designed process.

A Magyarországot 2020 márciusában elérő COVID–19-járvány jelentősen befolyásolta az emberi kapcsolatok kommunikációs formáit, ez kiváltképp igaznak bizonyult a büntetés-végrehajtási szervezetre, így közvetlenül a fogvatartottakra is. Magyarország Kormánya, illetve a Nemzeti Népegészségügyi Központ iránymutatásainak megfelelően a büntetés-végrehajtási intézetekben fokozatosan kerültek bevezetésre a preventív intézkedések, amelyek a személyi állomány szolgálatellátására és a fogvatartottakra egyaránt hatással voltak. A bevezetett intézkedések – amelyek ideiglenesen a személyes látogatófogadás lehetőségét is korlátozták – ellensúlyozására a telekommunikációs eszközök igénybevételével végrehajtott, ellenőrzött videóhívások rendszere rövid idő alatt magas szintű fejlesztésen esett át, és kiterjesztésre került a teljes fogvatartotti állomány részére. A tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a járvánnyal érintett időszak kapcsolattartási formáinak megváltozását, a személyes kapcsolattartások mennyiségi és minőségi gyakorlásának más platformokra történő áthelyeződését. A prezentáció elkészítése során a Skype, a fogvatartotti mobiltelefonok, és a pandémiás időszakot megelőző látogatófogadások statisztikai adatai kerültek felhasználásra. Ezen felül a járványhelyzettel kapcsolatos fogvatartási stratégiák, a védekezés és megelőzés céljából végrehajtott feladatok és jó gyakorlatok kerülnek bemutatásra. Az előadás eredményeként megállapítható, hogy a büntetés-végrehajtási szervezet a fogvatartotti jogokat – kiemelten a kapcsolattartásra vonatkozókat – a járványhelyzet alatt is folyamatosan biztosította, a jó gyakorlatok beépítésre kerültek az alapműködésébe.

PurposeIn the era of information overload, the density of tourism information and the increasingly sophisticated information needs of consumers have created information confusion for tourists and scenic-area managers. The study aims to help scenic-area managers determine the strengths and weaknesses in the development process of scenic areas and to solve the practical problem of tourists' difficulty in quickly and accurately obtaining the destination image of a scenic area and finding a scenic area that meets their needs.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a variety of machine learning methods, namely, the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) theme extraction model, term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) weighting method and sentiment analysis. This work also incorporates probabilistic hesitant fuzzy algorithm (PHFA) in multi-attribute decision-making to form an enhanced tourism destination image mining and analysis model based on visitor expression information. The model is intended to help managers and visitors identify the strengths and weaknesses in the development of scenic areas. Jiuzhaigou is used as an example for empirical analysis.FindingsIn the study, a complete model for the mining analysis of tourism destination image was constructed, and 24,222 online reviews on Jiuzhaigou, China were analyzed in text. The results revealed a total of 10 attributes and 100 attribute elements. From the identified attributes, three negative attributes were identified, namely, crowdedness, tourism cost and accommodation environment. The study provides suggestions for tourists to select attractions and offers recommendations and improvement measures for Jiuzhaigou in terms of crowd control and post-disaster reconstruction.Originality/valuePrevious research in this area has used small sample data for qualitative analysis. Thus, the current study fills this gap in the literature by proposing a machine learning method that incorporates PHFA through the combination of the ideas of management and multi-attribute decision theory. In addition, the study considers visitors' emotions and thematic preferences from the perspective of their expressed information, based on which the tourism destination image is analyzed. Optimization strategies are provided to help managers of scenic spots in their decision-making.

Zoological parks are the ex-situ conservation facilities to complement and strengthen the national efforts in conservation and strengthen the rich biodiversity of the country, particularly the fauna.[1]The architectural design or the map of the zoo depicting location and dimensions of the office,exhibit area, indoor holding area, visitor paths etc are some of the major components of Master (Layout) Plan of the Zoo. Central Zoo Authority is the competent authority to approve the Master (Layout) Plan of the recognized zoological parks recognized by CZA. This Master (Layout) Plan model design takes into account of 3 key parameters that one should keep in mind while designing the zoo: Animal welfare (i.e., making animal housing facility as comfortable as possible), seamless visitor experience and smooth working of zoo management personnel.

This project presents a contactless visitor access monitoring in small premises which implemented deep learning model in face recognition, develop the graphical user interface (GUI) for new visitor registration and visitor identification. Five stages of monitoring process are designed in the contactless visitor access monitoring (CVAM) GUI, the first step is to give instructions to the admin user regarding the monitoring process, the second step is to perform face recognition, the third step is to scan the body temperature, the fourth step is to perform mask detection on the visitor, and the final stage is to record visitor access time. Another visitor registration (VisReg) GUI is designed to register new visitors into the system. In VisReg, admin user is required to pre-process face images with MTCNN technique and generate new classifier with a ResNet pre-trained model. The contactless visitor access monitoring process is demonstrated. The face recognition gives an accuracy of 82%, while the mask detection gives an accuracy of 95% when tested with the validation dataset. It can be concluded that the visitor monitoring process can be carried out in a contactless way to eliminate the close contact between the security officers, receptionist, and visitors.

The importance of tourism expenditure is widely recognized, but the spatial patterns of visitor expenditure in cities is so far an unexplored subject. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the s...

Although recent scholarship shows that restrictive visa policies curtail migration, research does not disaggregate policy effects within migration flows. We analyze Mexico-Canada migration when a t...

The effect visitors may have on the welfare of professionally managed animals is vital to consider. The present study utilized an experimental approach to examine how 360° visitor viewing access (i.e., viewing from all sides of the habitat) impacts the behavior and physiology of Western lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla, N = 7). Data collection included behavioral observations and obtaining fecal samples to examine physiological indicators of welfare. The study included a baseline period observing the gorillas’ behavior and physiology during the typical 360° visitor viewing access and a treatment period examining the same indicators but reducing viewing access by approximately 70%. Behavioral states, behavioral events, and hormone data were compared across conditions using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Restricted viewing did not impact social or solitary grooming (as a state behavior), social or solitary play, foraging, stereotypies, locomotion, inactivity, or behavioral diversity. However, restricted viewing significantly reduced solitary grooming events, fecal glucocorticoid metabolites, and the ratio of glucocorticoid metabolites to dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites. These results suggest that 360° visitor viewing access may have an impact on the welfare of gorillas. However, further research is necessary to thoroughly understand the influence of allowing 360° visitor viewing on behavior and its possible interaction with variables of the zoo environment.

The goals of zoos are providing an entertaining and educational experience for visitors, promoting environmental conservation, and promoting positive welfare for nonhuman residents. Education can unify these goals. In this study, data were collected on visitors to the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) exhibit at The Zoo Northwest Florida. Researchers implemented three conditions of education at the chimpanzee viewing platform: a graphic sign, a trained docent, and a control condition with no intervention. The sign and docent encouraged visitors to use affinitive chimpanzee behaviors. Visitors were significantly more active in the graphic sign condition and significantly less active in the docent condition, and their behavior did not vary from the expected value during the control condition. Visitors used the affinitive behaviors that were demonstrated in each experimental condition. These results suggest that both graphic signs and docent interaction affect visitor behavior and can be considered useful educational tools for fulfilling the goals of the zoos.

Individuals engaged in cooperative or mutualistic interactions can benefit from adjusting their strategic behaviour according to the bargaining positions of their partners. In interaction networks in which individuals cooperate with a variety of partners, assessing partners' options and expected interaction payoffs might be crucial for such behavioural optimization to occur. However, the cognitive challenges involved in this assessment and the constraints they may pose for strategic behaviour are currently poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether cleaner fish, Labroides dimidiatus, can learn to optimally prioritize partners, when faced with an ecologically relevant challenge that requires them to distinguish between interaction contexts. We expanded on a relatively well-studied problem that cleaners face in nature: choosing between client fish that simultaneously seek service. In such situations, cleaners should give priority to visitor client species as these tend to leave if not serviced immediately, while resident species will readily await inspection. In laboratory ‘biological market’ experiments simulating this choice using ephemeral and permanent food-offering plates, cleaners could learn to prefer visitors. However, the actual challenge cleaners face is more complex: interactions in the reef form a ‘complex market’ whereby clients appear in all possible configurations. In homogeneous configurations (visitor–visitor and resident–resident), the payoffs received from tending residents are higher which may slow down or even prevent learning to prioritize visitors. Adjusting the plate paradigm to this more complex scenario, we found that exposure to homogeneous configurations indeed posed a challenge to cleaners' strategic prioritization, diverting their preferences towards residents. Our results also revealed individual differences in performance, as some cleaners still learned to prefer visitors. This suggests that cleaners may not only learn about each client type separately, and that learning about cue configurations, a precursor of learning complex structures, may play a role in shaping their strategic behaviour in cooperative interactions.

In natural environments, bear behavior follows seasonal patterns but the zoo environment differs from the natural environment in several ways, including the presence of zoo visitors. Although typically difficult to disentangle, we were able to tease apart the effects of seasonal changes and visitor density on the visibility and behavior of 10 bears representing five species housed at Cleveland Metroparks Zoo due to the disruption caused by COVID-19. We conducted a longitudinal bear behavior monitoring project from June, 2017-November, 2020. Bears were more visible in the spring and in the presence of visitors, locomoted more and were less inactive when large crowds were present, foraged and locomoted more when it was earlier in the day, and locomoted more at higher temperatures. There were limited differences in bear visibility to observers between 2020 (when the zoo was temporarily closed to visitors) and the previous three years. There were no differences in rates of stereotypy or social behavior across seasons, crowds, or daily attendance categories. Based on these limited differences, neither season nor visitor density seemed to have an apparent effect on bear behavior or welfare.

We investigated whether the welfare of domestic goats in an animal-visitor interaction experience at a zoo was affected by the presence and behavior of visitors. We considered how the number of visitors in the goats’ habitat and visitor proximity to the goats impacted goat behavior. We also considered the goats’ behavior toward visitors, use of retreat space, and whether the visitors’ interaction style, specifically, how the visitors groomed the goats, was predictive of changes in the goats’ behavior. We conducted 29 hr of focal follows on 7 domestic goats (Capra hircus) at Lincoln Park Zoo, and analyzed data using mixed effects models. We found that goats preferred to be in the visitor yard as visitor numbers increased, and goat behaviors did not change as visitor numbers increased to the maximum allowed (16 people). There were no differences in rates of conspecific aggression or affiliation based on visitor presence or visitor interactions. However, there was a decrease in feeding and increase in self-maintenance behaviors specifically while visitors were in close proximity and interacting with goats. Furthermore, visitor-directed behavior, specifically head tossing, was more common when visitors groomed goats in an improper way. Overall, this study demonstrates that domestic goat welfare was relatively unaffected by the simple presence of visitors when maximum visitor limits were in place and retreat options were available, but that goats were sensitive to visitor interaction styles. These findings support the idea that domestic goats may be appropriate candidates for human-visitor interaction programs under specific conditions.

Background Being able to visit a critically ill relative provides comfort to family members and has recognised benefits to the patient. Limited research has been conducted on demographic characteristics and visiting behaviours of family members with a relative in the intensive care unit (ICU). Objectives The objective was to provide an overview of local ICU visitor behaviours and practices across four metropolitan units in Australia. Methods A convenience sample of 440 participants from four ICUs across a metropolitan city in eastern Australia was required for the study. A descriptive 22-item self-report survey was used. Data were collected from four ICUs in a metropolitan city in eastern Australia. Sample characteristics and other variables were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results Data collection was undertaken from April 2018 to May 2019. Four hundred sixty-two (n = 462) ICU visitors responded. There were no significant differences between visitor characteristics across the four hospitals. The mean age of the respondents was 49 years, the youngest participant being 18 years and the oldest being 93 years, with most visitors being women (n = 312, 68%). The participants were more likely to be close relatives such as spouses (n = 117, 25%), parents (n = 113, 24%), or children (n = 79, 17%). Visitors reported different methods by which they received information about visiting policies across units and indicated that they would have visited more frequently if able. Although most respondents rated their ICU visiting experience favourably, some reported being frequently asked to leave the patient's bedside impacted their experience. Conclusions This study has highlighted that families want to remain in close proximity when they have a relative in the ICU. Despite visiting hours being flexible, most families visit midmorning so that they can talk with staff. Data captured in this study can be used toward improving the ICU visiting experience for family members.