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Wildfires are increasing in duration and intensity across the United States' Pacific West region, resulting in heightened particulate matter from smoke in the atmosphere. Levels of peak particulate matter are concurrent to peak visitor attendance at National Parks, given seasonal alignment with summer vacation travel and heightened forest fire conditions. Particulate matter threatens visitor health and safety and contributes to poor visibility and a deteriorated visitor experience. To assess visitation response to diminished air quality, we utilized wildfire-generated particulate matter (PM2.5) data in conjunction with monthly attendance records for three ecoregions containing eight national parks in Washington, Oregon, and California from 2009 to 2019. We analyzed daily PM2.5 levels from data gridded at the 10 km scale for National Park Service units by Level III forest ecoregions within the National Park Service's Pacific West Unit. Data were then compared to normalized monthly visitation trends for each of the ecoregions using two statistical methods Kendall's Tau and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Tukey tests. Results demonstrate that attendance at these national parks does not decrease in response to increased PM2.5 levels. Instead, we see several statistically significant increases in attendance across these ecoregions during periods of reduced air quality. Of 115 shifts between air quality categories during the busy season of July to September, there are no significant decreases in attendance as air quality worsens. These findings suggest that visitors are willing to tolerate reduced air quality compared to other factors such as temperature or precipitation. Given that park units within each ecoregion feature diverse historical contexts, varied built environments, and unique ecological systems, our discussion specifically addresses managerial concerns associated with maintained high levels of visitation during suboptimal, and potentially dangerous, conditions. There is substantial need for specific, scalable approaches to mitigate adverse health and experiential impacts as visitors are exposed to increased risks during a range of exertional activities associated with diverse settings.

Scholars have highlighted the significant challenges faced by system-involved mothers in adhering to dominant motherhood ideologies. However, a research gap persists regarding the decision-making process of incarcerated mothers concerning child visitation. This study delves into the intricate dynamics of mothers' decision-making surrounding visitation, shedding light on the interplay between maternal identity, prison environments, and societal norms of motherhood. Through qualitative interviews with forty formerly incarcerated mothers, the study reveals a spectrum of strategies employed by mothers to uphold their maternal identities, including navigating stigma, shielding their children from perceived risks, and engaging in self-sacrificial behaviors in line with societal expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on prison visitation has primarily focused on the visitation experiences among the inmate population as a homogenous group, overlooking the complex experiences and needs of older inmates. Although there is extensive research on correlates and consequences of in-prison visitation, most studies have not considered differential patterns in visitation based on age, beyond the handful of studies that have assessed differences based on 'young' versus 'old.' Using data from inmates incarcerated in Florida, we explored how the trends and factors associated with in-prison visitation varied across inmate age groups. Consistent with prior research, we found that older inmates received far fewer visits than younger, although inmates who were 70 and older received more visits than inmates aged 50–69. We also identified factors that influenced whether older inmates were visited. Specifically, older Hispanic and white inmates were more likely to be visited than Black older inmates, and those housed in a facility closer to their homes were more likely to be visited. Marital status, pre-incarceration employment, and education levels did not influence visitation among older inmates. We document differences in the visitation experiences of inmates based on their age and that grouping inmates into one category may be masking important differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To describe compassionate care (CC) visits during visitation restrictions from the perspective of nursing home (NH) staff. Background: During the COVID‐19 pandemic, guidance was implemented to restrict visitation in NH communities to protect both residents and staff from risk of infectious outbreak. As a result, many NHs instituted "CC visits" to allow visitation for vulnerable residents. However, it is unclear how CC visits were defined, operationalized, and how their associated benefits and risks were perceived by staff. Methods: We conducted an exploratory qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews and analyzed data using directed content analysis among NH direct care staff. Results: From June 2021 through March 2022, we recruited nursing, social work, and activities NH staff participants (N = 24). Most were female (88%), White (79%), and had more than 3 years of experience working in NHs (79%). We found three main thematic categories and associated subthemes: (1) Appropriate Use of CC Visits (visits for residents experiencing imminent death, to support resident's psychosocial needs, and for family members exhibiting concern for the resident); (2) Benefits of CC Visits (resident and staff physical and psychosocial benefits); and (3) Risks of CC Visits (resident and staff risks of facilitating visits and contracting illness). In this study, benefits of CC visits outweighed risks. Conclusions: In this study, we describe how NH staff describe CC visits, their use during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and associated risks and benefits. This includes when visitation could be provided to residents and the impact it had on the resident's well‐being. Implications: This study highlights the need to consider the physical and psychosocial consequences of social isolation of NH residents. Impact: Study findings can be used to provide guidance in future public health emergencies when visitation restrictions are instituted. Reporting Method: We have adhered to the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) guidelines. Patient or Public Contribution: Direct care NH staff including social workers (SWs), nursing staff, and activity directors between the ages of 18 and 89 years old were English speaking and willing to participate in a semistructured interview outside of work hours participated in this research. Potential participants contacted members of the study team by phone or email to express their interest in study participation. After confirming eligibility and willingness to participate, an email link was sent to participants with the electronic information/consent sheet using the Qualtrics web‐based survey platform (Qualtrics, Provo, Utah). Once participants consented to participate, they were directed to an electronic demographic questionnaire and risk perception survey. At the end of the risk perception survey, participants could indicate if they were willing to be contacted for a semistructured interview to discuss restricted social activities and visitation mandates in NHs. Interviews were scheduled via Zoom video conference during a time outside of work hours. Following participant verbal consent, interviews were audio‐recorded. Participants were given a $30 electronic gift card. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When children are placed into foster care, they experience separations from their primary attachment figures. Visitations are often arranged to provide ongoing birth parent-child contact. These visitations are complicated, though, because young children typically show a range of confusing behaviors when reunited. Fostering Relationships is a brief intervention designed to enhance visitation for the child, birth parent, and foster parent. We examined the effectiveness of the Fostering Relationships intervention through single subject analyses. We examined whether birth parents followed their child’s lead during visitation sessions significantly more than they did not follow their child’s lead. Six of seven birth parents who received the Fostering Relationships intervention followed their child’s lead significantly more often than not, whereas only one of four of the control parents did so. Results are preliminary, but suggest that Fostering Relationships may be a promising intervention for enhancing visitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining the parent–child relationship while a parent is incarcerated is critical to the well-being of both parent and child. There is some evidence that video visits can be beneficial when they are used to supplement rather than replace in-person visits. This study explores how video visits support the father–child relationship during parental incarceration. Research was conducted with two public prisons in New South Wales, Australia, during the period of COVID-19 restrictions. Interviews with children's carers (n = 17) and fathers (n = 27) were analysed to identify the ways fathers engaged with their children and the benefits of the relationship. Three themes were identified: show and tell, which explored how the visual element of video visits contributed to parent–child interactions; part of their world, which identified how video visits became integrated into children's everyday lives; and along for the ride, which focused on child-initiated interactions. Challenges of using video visits were also explored in two themes: difficulty engaging, which showed how fathers and children can struggle to communicate and interact, and timing and transitions, which highlighted how video visits could be difficult or disruptive to children's mood and routines. Overall, video visits were perceived as enabling interactions that strengthened the engagement and relationship between the father and child. Highlights: When fathers are incarcerated, the benefits of video visitation with children include having a visual element that allows the father to be part of the child's world. Video visitation can be incorporated into the child's daily life for regular contact and enables child-led interactions. Challenges of video visits consist of disruption of mood and routines and difficulties initiating and maintaining the conversation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opportunities for incarcerated persons to connect with their loved ones exist in several forms. Yet, there is limited evidence documenting the scope of state prison family engagement policies beyond visitation. To fill this gap, a systematic policy review and content analysis of nine state prison family engagement policies was conducted. The results provide evidence of both consistencies and inconsistencies in policies across forms of prison contact, as well as opportunities and barriers for incarcerated persons. Important policy and practice takeaways are discussed, particularly the need for more timely, transparent, and clear policies regarding family engagement in correctional settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The experience of parenting in a highly medicalized, unnatural environment can result in impaired mother–infant bonding, but increased maternal presence at the infant's bedside has been associated with improved infant and maternal outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators during the NICU Experience in regard to maternal presence in an NICU. Methods: We interviewed 12 mothers (7 Black, 5 white) of low socioeconomic status (SES) whose preterm infants (average birth gestational age of 27 weeks) were currently hospitalized in an NICU. We engaged the NICU Family Advisory Board in all steps of the research process. Results: Barriers and facilitators to maternal presence spanned all levels of the Socioecological Model; however, barriers were mostly at the societal, community, and institutional levels, while facilitators varied based on interpersonal and individual-level factors. Assets that mothers accessed to facilitate visits, such as free housing and shuttle services, were not available to all mothers based on individual circumstances (e.g., caregiving responsibilities). While a few mothers identified negative interactions with health care practitioners, these encounters were not attributed to racism or described as barriers to visitation. Conclusions: Hospitals can support families with infants in an NICU by providing free or inexpensive short-term sibling support, alleviating the burden of parking costs, and communicating early and frequently about available institutional resources during the hospital stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the unique depiction of the Visitation in the Book of Hours of Juana Enriquez, housed in the Biblioteca del Palacio Real de Madrid and also known as the Book of Hours of Isabella the Catholic. While the Visitation is a common theme in other Books of Hours, this manuscript's rendition stands out for its inclusion of visual elements not found in other works by the same illuminator. Through a detailed iconographic analysis, the article emphasizes the significance of the Visitation scene, exploring its visual components and their implications for understanding the spiritual and cultural context of the era. The study aims to highlight the Visitation miniature as a prime example of imagery crafted to serve the inner devotion of its first owner, Juana Enriquez. Ultimately, this research offers a deeper appreciation of the Book of Hours of Juana Enriquez as a product of its time, designed for meditation and contemplation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friðhelgi fjölskyldunnar eru mannréttindi sem ná til fjölskyldunnar í víðum skilningi og því má ekki sundra fjölskyldu gegn vilja fjölskyldumeðlimanna nema aðskilnaður sé nauðsyn¬legur með tilliti til hagsmuna barnsins. Þrátt fyrir að þessi réttur sé varinn af stjórnarskránni og mannréttindasamningum virðast forsjárlausir foreldrar standa uppi réttlausir gagnvart barni sínu ef forsjárforeldri afsalar sér forsjá barnsins til barnaverndarþjónustu. Hér verður farið yfir þau lög og lögskýringargögn sem við eiga um þessi mikilvægu réttindi og mál tveggja forsjárlausra foreldra reifuð til að varpa ljósi á hvernig staðan er í raun. Því forsjárlausir foreldra hafa verulega takmörkuð úrræði til að leita réttar síns gagnvart barni sínu við þessar aðstæður og því mikilvægt að breyta lögum til að tryggja sem best réttindi foreldra í þessari stöðu. Familial integrity is a human right adhering to family in the broader sense and families cannot therefore be divided lawfully without their members consent, unless the separation is necessary in regards to a child’s best interest. In spite of familial integrity being protected by the constitution and human rights conventions, non-custodial parents seem to be without parental rights if the custodial parent conveys custody to child protection services. This review of legislation and explanatory documents regarding these important rights and two case studies of non-custodial parents will shed light on the current situation. Non-custodial parents have very limited options to guarantee their rights towards their child in these circumstances, and it is therefore important to change the law in order to best guarantee the rights of parents in this situation.

The study focuses on the issue of monastic enclosure in St. George's Abbey at Prague Castle. It gathers sources related to the contacts of Prague Benedictine nuns with the outside world and examines how their separation from the world evolved from the beginnings of the convent in the 10th century to the enforcement of strict enclosure in the first third of the 17th century, which was accompanied by extensive architectural modifications influenced by the Council of Trent. Special attention is given to the visitation of the monastery by Cardinal Guido in 1143, which may have resulted in the initial tightening or introduction of enclosure, though not comparable to later regulations. Based on this finding, it newly interprets the account of the siege and fire of Prague Castle in 1142 from the addition to the Annals of the so-called Vyšehrad Canon as an effort to legitimize monastic reforms through miracles associated with the relics of the abbey's patron saint, St. Ludmila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visits present an opportunity for prisoners to preserve family ties and reduce isolation, but not all receive visits from family or friends whilst incarcerated. Aims: To locate, appraise and synthesise qualitative data on the experiences of adult male prisoners (aged 18 years+) who do not receive prison visits from family or friends. Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched from the date of their inception until March 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist for qualitative studies, and data from the studies were synthesised using the thematic synthesis method. Results: Eighteen studies from seven countries (the USA, the UK [England, Northern Ireland & Scotland], Canada, Netherlands and the Philippines) were eligible for inclusion. Three main themes emerged: (1) reasons for not receiving visits, (2) harmful effects of not receiving visits and (3) the value of volunteer visitor programmes. Practical problems were cited as interfering with visiting opportunities, but also some prisoners or families chose not to meet in prison. Loneliness and depression were extensively described as effects of not receiving visits. Qualities associated with volunteer visitors included raised self‐esteem, improved mood and personal growth. Conclusion: Narratives of the experiences of adult men in prison without visits from family or friends suggest that not only the practical difficulties of imprisonment affect visiting; barriers that prisoners themselves impose would merit further exploration, as would family and relationship dynamics during incarceration and the emotional impact of prison visits, for both prisoners and their families. There are suggestions of therapeutic as well as humanitarian benefits from volunteer visiting programmes. There is a gap in the literature about any specific effect on rebuilding family relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reintegration support by community-based professionals and volunteers (CBPs) is needed to prepare prisoners for release. Yet, the way in which CBPs are received, informed and accommodated, may hamper in-prison involvement. Therefore, the current study explores the visit facilitation and accessibility of prisons in the Netherlands as experienced by CBPs. A new instrument to measure facilitation and accessibility across institutions is introduced. The findings among 4,309 prisoners and 1,077 professionals across 24 Dutch prisons revealed that although institutions differ in facilitation and accessibility, this is unrelated to prison visits received from most CBPs, apart from the likelihood of receiving visits from parole officers. The study confirms the importance of considering facilitation and accessibility in relation to in-prison involvement of external agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: The experience of parenting in a highly medicalized, unnatural environment can result in impaired mother–infant bonding, but increased maternal presence at the infant’s bedside has been associated with improved infant and maternal outcomes. The primary objective of this study was to explore barriers and facilitators during the NICU Experience in regard to maternal presence in an NICU. Methods: We interviewed 12 mothers (7 Black, 5 white) of low socioeconomic status (SES) whose preterm infants (average birth gestational age of 27 weeks) were currently hospitalized in an NICU. We engaged the NICU Family Advisory Board in all steps of the research process. Results: Barriers and facilitators to maternal presence spanned all levels of the Socioecological Model; however, barriers were mostly at the societal, community, and institutional levels, while facilitators varied based on interpersonal and individual-level factors. Assets that mothers accessed to facilitate visits, such as free housing and shuttle services, were not available to all mothers based on individual circumstances (e.g., caregiving responsibilities). While a few mothers identified negative interactions with health care practitioners, these encounters were not attributed to racism or described as barriers to visitation. Conclusions: Hospitals can support families with infants in an NICU by providing free or inexpensive short-term sibling support, alleviating the burden of parking costs, and communicating early and frequently about available institutional resources during the hospital stay.

Over 2 million people are currently incarcerated – the majority of whom are parents to minor children. The reentry process is often difficult for parents as they navigate reentry challenges such as finding housing and employment while also trying to develop and reestablish relationships with their children. Increased parent-child contact during incarceration is associated with improved incarceration and reentry outcomes for both the parents and their children. Using survey data from 252 parents exiting the prison system, this study uses structural equation modeling to examine predictors of parent-child contact during incarceration. Findings suggest incarcerated parents have higher levels of contact with their children when the parents had less exposure to childhood adversities such as parental incarceration, foster care, and group home placement. Mothers display higher levels of contact with children than fathers; similarly, younger parents display higher levels of contact than older, as do those who had recent contact in the month prior to incarceration compared to those who did not. These findings highlight specific factors and populations for practitioners to target to increase the level of parent-child contact during incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turismo: Visão e Ação is the property of Turismo-Visao E Acao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the ever-increasing availability of passive mobile data products and services, parks and protected areas (PPA) professionals have a growing interest in accessing them to analyze visitor use in PPA. There is substantial potential to use passive mobile data for studies of visitor use in PPA, but there is still much to learn about the suitability of them for this purpose. In this paper we provide an assessment of the current state of passive mobile data, including suggestions about how to evaluate the suitability of these data for PPA applications. Our research note is informed by our experience working with PPA professionals over several decades combined, and by our recent work using passive mobile data for PPA applications. We emphasize that this is a rapidly changing field with new data and approaches emerging on a continual basis. Nonetheless, in this discussion we provide our current perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the concept of Parental Alienation Syndrome (PAS) and its use in the legal system of Uruguay. Although legal science validates this concept, there is no consensus in the medical sciences regarding its scientific rigor. In Uruguay, the Faculty of Psychology of the University of the Republic, the Institute of the Child and Adolescent, and the General Prosecutor's Office have declared that PAS is not scientifically validated. The article examines national jurisprudence and shows how some cases recognize the lack of scientific basis of PAS, while in other cases it is used as evidentiary argument. [Extracted from the article]

To decrease the introduction of COVID-19, in-person visitation programs were temporarily limited at California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation facilities. After consultation with the California Department of Public Health, and in accordance with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, in-person visitation was reintroduced on April 10, 2021, with COVID-19 mitigation strategies. To assess the risk of visitation as a mode of entry for COVID-19 into a prison setting, data were gathered demonstrating the number of visitors who were not allowed into the prison due to a positive COVID-19 test prior to visitation. The number of patients who tested positive for COVID-19 after interaction with visitors was also assessed. Between April 10 and June 27, 2021, 33,212 visitors participated in the in-person visiting program. Eight visitors received positive test results prior to entry. Between January 1 and October 1, 2021, 19,025 patients received a total of 93,135 visitations. Of these, 66 patients received positive test results from post-visit testing. These data suggest that when appropriate mitigation strategies are implemented, the visitation process is not a significant contributor to COVID-19 entry into the prison facility when compared with the total number of COVID-19 cases among patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of terrorism events and the subsequent Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS) on visitation to US National Park Service (NPS) sites are examined. A spatial random effects model, using a panel of monthly site visitation (1979–2013), spanning the period between two major terrorism events, is applied. Results show increased visitation after the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, but a decrease in visitation after 9/11. The decline in park visitation diminishes the farther the park site is from the twin towers, and the more time has passed since 9/11. Elevated terrorism threat levels under HSAS have a negative impact on visitation, but the impact of the warning decays over time. The interaction effect indicates that large visitation sites close to the Twin Towers may experience more visitation after the HSAS level increases. We suggest that the negative HSAS time effect may be due to some potential visitors choosing to stay home, while the positive interaction effect may indicate substitution towards visiting NPS sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Correctional services are closed, complex bureaucratic organisations which are historically slow to embrace change. Yet, the COVID-19 pandemic catalysed a dramatic shift to widespread video visitation across correctional services in Australia. Drawing on qualitative data with corrective services staff (n = 19) from six jurisdictions (Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria and West Australia), this article charts the large-scale implementation of video visitation during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is argued that video visitation demonstrates uncharacteristic organisational agility in Australian corrective services which may provide optimism for change projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The spread of Coronavirus disease limited the activities of humans in the globe in 2020 with Jakarta reported to have also struggled with the virus. The pandemic stopped humans from visiting public amenities such as urban green spaces which are one of the key components of sustainable and livable cities and have the ability to reduce the negative impact on mental health. However, there are limited studies on the behaviors and perceptions of humans toward the usage of urban green spaces during the pandemic. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the changes in the behaviors, perceptions, and visitation of residents towards the urban green space during the pandemic based on the socioeconomic aspects as well as the access and proximity to the parks and urban forests.METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed through an online survey on social media for approximately two months, from March to April 2021, and the last data recorded showed there were 1,660 respondents. The attention was on their perceptions and visitation to the urban green spaces spread across administrative cities in Jakarta, representing 42 districts and 239 sub-districts. Data obtained were analyzed empirically using the partial least square structural equation approach and SmartPLS 3.0 software to determine the relationship between the respondents’ characteristics and proximity to urban green space visitation.FINDINGS: The results showed that almost half of the respondents perceived changes in the urban green spaces and the majority believed the spaces were more useful during the pandemic. It was also discovered that the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents including age, education level, occupational status, and average monthly income differed statistically significantly from the criteria associated with the visitation to urban green spaces during the pandemic. The findings indicated that education was substantially associated with the decision to exercise and engage in outdoor recreation in urban green spaces. Meanwhile, not all houses close to the parks and urban forests have a statistically significant impact on their usage and this is the explanation for the non-correlation and non-causation.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the perception of urban green space by the people changed during the pandemic but its usage was reduced due to the closures and restriction policies implemented. It was also discovered that socioeconomic characteristics have a significant influence on visitation but not all accessibility factors were significantly affected and this is different from the findings of previous studies. Moreover, this study discussed and shared empirical evidence that depicts urban green space as a resilient urban infrastructure during the pandemic. This means it is necessary to promote sustainable urban planning through the development of urban green spaces to manage the medium and long-term crises.

Abstract The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global mobility. ‘Lockdowns’ and travel bans have been used as control measures by international governments. Consequently, the ways that we use buildings have also been impacted by these actions. Thus, this paper explores the roles of heritage sites in a post-COVID-19 pandemic society. This research is part of the Urban Heritage and Community Resilience: Conservation, Tourism, and Pandemic project, and it employs methods such as semistructured interviews, participant observations, archival research, and focus group discussions (FGDs). This paper is based on semistructured interviews conducted with one hundred eighteen participants across ten popular heritage sites in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The findings confirm the debated claim in postdisaster studies asserting that some of these Acehnese heritage sites, especially those imbued with religious values, have become places of resilience. Specifically, during the pandemic, these sites have facilitated community resilience by helping people feel closer to God. For practising Acehnese Muslims, prayer at home is culturally acceptable, but praying at the mosque, which is one of the essential heritages of the Acehnese, has contributed to and strengthened the sense of community resilience. Therefore, visitation and participation in heritage sites that include experiencing the sense of place and conducting religious and cultural activities is integral to community resilience.

Fungi and invertebrates comprise a major part of biodiversity in dead wood ecosystems and invertebrates depend on fungi to utilise the dead wood resource. Many invertebrates also visit the long‐lived fruit bodies of wood‐decay fungi to feed on spores, the hymenium or other invertebrates. However, as traditional sampling methods are labour‐intensive, we know little of these interactions.In this study, we use time‐lapse cameras to monitor invertebrates visiting the hymenium of a common wood‐decay fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola, and explain their activity in terms of temporal variation, temperature and presence of Gyrophaena boleti, a highly abundant fungivorous beetle living primarily in fruit bodies of F. pinicola.The most common invertebrates on F. pinicola fruit bodies were Coleoptera, Araneae, Diptera, Gastropoda and Chilopoda. The invertebrate activity exhibited strong temporal variation with higher abundance during night and, for Coleoptera, earlier in the season. We discuss how this might correlate with the sporulation period of F. pinicola. The presence of G. boleti had a positive impact on the predatory Lordithon lunulatus and Ipidia binotata, and a negative impact on the fungivorous Thymalus limbatus and Peltis ferruginea. Chilopoda and L. lunulatus were ephemeral visitors, while the fungivorous Coleoptera and Araneae stayed the longest.We estimated the invertebrates' visitation frequency and duration, which would be time‐consuming to obtain with traditional methods. We offer improvements to our method and urge future research on invertebrate–fungus interactions to quantify invertebrate visits to fungal fruit bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Participatory planning is one strategy to increase tourism suppliers' capacity to jointly anticipate climate change impacts and implement locally feasible and acceptable solutions; however, participatory planning is uncommon. In this study, we co-created a series of planning workshops with tourism partners to examine and address climate change impacts (challenges and opportunities) on Mount Desert Island, Maine, USA. We co-designed and facilitated two Zoom workshops in spring 2021 for tourism suppliers. Workshops focused on (1) identifying climate change impacts to the tourism system and (2) developing planning priorities for the destination. Workshops resulted in two planning priorities: visitation shifts and the opportunity to become a more sustainable destination in response to climate change. Our participatory approach brought together diverse tourism suppliers that do not usually collaborate to increase the destination's capacity to plan for and respond to climate change. Similar participatory approaches may benefit other natural resource dependent contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Visitation restrictions due to COVID‐19 kept parents from being with their children who were hospitalized in the PICU and from meeting with professional staff. Aim: This study examined the moderating effect of COVID‐19‐induced visitation restrictions on the relationship between stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder in parents of children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit. Study Design: We conducted a descriptive, exploratory study involving 93 parents of children hospitalized in the paediatric intensive care unit using the Korean version of the Parental Stressor Scale: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and the Revised Impact of Events Scale. Descriptive, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the data. Self‐reported survey questionnaires were provided for parents to complete in a separate area of the outpatient clinic when they visited for follow‐up care after their children were discharged from the paediatric intensive care unit. Results: Mothers showed significantly higher post‐traumatic stress disorder scores than fathers. The relationship between all the sub‐domains of perceived stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder was statistically significant. Visitation restrictions because of the COVID‐19 pandemic had significant moderating effects on the relationship between perceived parental stress and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, the moderating effects of COVID‐19 were exhibited when the two sub‐domains—hyperarousal and intrusion—were investigated. Conclusions: Paediatric intensive care unit visitation may be an important intervention for parental post‐traumatic stress disorder. Parental visitation should be enabled, and alternative interventions should be developed in situations where visitation is prohibited. Relevance to Clinical Practice: It is necessary to develop and apply various and effective alternatives visitation that can prepare hospitals for visiting restrictions during pandemic situations which could emerge in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among many of the activities concerned with the "collateral consequences of incarceration," visitation has been quite a challenge. In particular, women visitors face several challenges while visiting a carceral space. Using semi-structured interviews with women having a family member incarcerated, we explore the experiences of women visitors visiting a prison in Kashmir. The paper employs a qualitative methodology to understand the experiences of these women visitors. The paper tries to understand the ways in which the prison regime dictates and directs their lives. The paper emphasizes the fact that the effects of incarceration are tremendously bore by these women who jeopardize their own economic and social capital in order to maintain ties with an incarcerated individual. These women are claimed to be the "other victims of crime" and are treated as quasi-inmates inside the carceral spaces. These women live lives marked with stigma and suspicion as they are often assumed to have known about the crime. Thus, they suffer from courtesy stigma and the taint of being equally involved in the crime. The findings reveal that these women face difficulties in visiting their incarcerated kin, endure emotionally intense experiences, and the traumatic experience of prison visitation, ironically, acts as a blessing in disguise. They become increasingly absorbed into the correctional facility, suffer the anxiety of waiting and frustration to meet institutional dictates, and elation or despair that stays with them after spending time with their loved ones in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted parents' ability to participate in their infants' care during the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay in unprecedented ways. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the lived experience of parents whose infants was in the NICU during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative telephone interview survey was conducted. Participants included parents of preterm infants who were born less than 34 weeks' gestation during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020-August 2020). Telephone surveys were conducted through open-ended questions. A thematic content analysis identifying themes was performed after interviews were completed and transcribed. Results: A total of 8 mothers completed the telephone survey. Key themes from this study include parents experiencing increased stress due to the restricted visitation policies, limited opportunities to care for their infant, lack of support, and inconsistent communication regarding their infant status and COVID-19 protocols. Implications for Practice: Suggestions provided to enhance NICU services during the pandemic include increasing parental engagement opportunities to care for their infant in the NICU, enhanced empathy and compassion from the neonatal team, and open and transparent communication. Implications for Research: Further research investigating cultural impact on parents' perspectives, perspectives of fathers, long-term impact of how parents coped after discharge from the NICU, and emotional impact on NICU staff members may be beneficial to aid improvements in NICU service delivery during the ongoing and future pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiences gained through in person (in-situ) interactions with ecosystems provide cultural ecosystem services. These services are difficult to assess because they are non-material, vary spatially and have strong perceptual characteristics. Data obtained from social media can provide spatially-explicit information regarding some in-situ cultural ecosystem services by serving as a proxy for visitation. These data can identify environmental characteristics (natural, human and built capital) correlated with visitation and, therefore, the types of places used for in-situ environmental interactions. A range of spatial models can be applied in this way that vary in complexity and can provide information for ecosystem service assessments. We deployed four models (global regression, local regression, maximum entropy and the InVEST recreation model) to the same case-study area, County Galway, Ireland, to compare spatial models. A total of 6,752 photo-user-days (PUD) (a visitation metric) were obtained from Flickr. Data describing natural, human and built capital were collected from national databases. Results showed a blend of capital types correlated with PUD suggesting that local context, including biophysical traits and accessibility, are relevant for in-situ cultural ecosystem service flows. Average trends included distance to the coast and elevation as negatively correlated with PUD, while the presence of major roads and recreational sites, population density and habitat diversity were positively correlated. Evidence of local relationships, especially town distance, were detected using geographic weighted regression. Predicted hotspots for visitation included urban areas in the east of the region and rural, coastal areas with major roads in the west. We conclude by presenting a guide for researchers and practitioners developing cultural ecosystem service spatial models using data from social media that considers data coverage, landscape heterogeneity, computational resources, statistical expertise and environmental context.

Abstract Background The intensive care unit (ICU) is an emotionally taxing environment. Patients and family members are at an increased risk of long-term physical and psychological consequences of critical illness, known collectively as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS). These environmental strains can lead to a high incidence of staff turnover and burnout. Aim The ICU Bridge Program (ICUBP) is a student-led organization that attempts to mitigate these stressors on patients, family, and staff, by assigning university volunteers to ICUs across Montreal. Setting ICU. Participants ICU volunteers, staff, patients, and families. Program description The ICUBP volunteers support staff by orienting patients and families, while using effective communication strategies to provide comfort and promote a calm environment. The presence of volunteer visitors is helpful to patients who do not have the support of family members and/or friends. The program provides students with profound learning experiences by allowing them to shadow multidisciplinary teams, gaining a privileged and varied exposure to an acute medical environment, while developing their communications skills. Program evaluation The program reassesses its methods and impact via internal student-designed surveys distributed on a yearly basis to staff and volunteers. Discussion Research is warranted to assess the impact of the program on ICU patients, visitors, staff, and volunteers.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global mobility. 'Lockdowns' and travel bans have been used as control measures by international governments. Consequently, the ways that we use buildings have also been impacted by these actions. Thus, this paper explores the roles of heritage sites in a post-COVID-19 pandemic society. This research is part of the Urban Heritage and Community Resilience: Conservation, Tourism, and Pandemic project, and it employs methods such as semistructured interviews, participant observations, archival research, and focus group discussions (FGDs). This paper is based on semistructured interviews conducted with one hundred eighteen participants across ten popular heritage sites in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The findings confirm the debated claim in postdisaster studies asserting that some of these Acehnese heritage sites, especially those imbued with religious values, have become places of resilience. Specifically, during the pandemic, these sites have facilitated community resilience by helping people feel closer to God. For practising Acehnese Muslims, prayer at home is culturally acceptable, but praying at the mosque, which is one of the essential heritages of the Acehnese, has contributed to and strengthened the sense of community resilience. Therefore, visitation and participation in heritage sites that include experiencing the sense of place and conducting religious and cultural activities is integral to community resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the story of Mary's visit to Elizabeth is object of analysis. It is a close reading of Luke 1,39-56 with special attention for the succession and the structure of the story and the story parts. This story stands in the center of the overture of Luke's Gospel (1:5-2:52). Luke gives two women, first Elizabeth and then Mary, the floor... not so much for their songs (Benedictus and Magnificat), but much more for their prophetic speeches in which they look back: to the announcement of the angel Gabriel (1:26-38), and look forward to the future, in which they both strongly believe. We see two pregnant self-confident women who speak vigorously and in strong images. Over themselves they speak as δούλη , but as δούλη of their Lord. With that these two women place themselves in the tradition of Deutero-Isaiah's servant of the Lord (42:1-7; 49:1-7; 50:4-11; 52:13-53;1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Museum development is a side effect of tourism development since museums are significant components of cultural and tourist infrastructure, and tourism encourages infrastructure development in general. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, where tourism is a critical sector of the economy with a decades-long flow, the pattern of comparative development of tourism and museums has been recognized. The study provides a comparative review of the country's tourism and museum development, showcasing the multiple benefits of tourism and museums. Museums are one of the most important socio-cultural benefits of tourism because they preserve and present heritage, improve science, education, and cultural profiling, encourage employment and visitation, provide a better stay, generate income, and contribute to environmental urbanization and higher living standards. The identification of museums and museum resources revealed that, during the past three decades, approximately thirty museums of a predominantly thematic character have been established, particularly in the country's most visited destination (Sarajevo). Furthermore, an open-air museum (ethno-village) trend has begun. Museum visitation is increasing in tandem with tourist trips to the country, despite a lack of adequate monitoring (incomplete figures that are inconsistent with the situation in the field). Despite the fact that the global crisis disrupted tourism and museum development (COVID-19), both areas are key drivers of economic revitalization, as evidenced by new ideas and projects in this field. However, in addition to the benefits of increased museum activity, the study highlighted certain issues (e.g., lower engagement of professional staff and women, etc.), which will encourage future research to provide more sustainable strategies for museum development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eleuthera is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although scholars have emphasised the implications of social support for in-prison behaviour, and prison administrators worldwide use visitation as a correctional tool to manage prisoner behaviour, a few empirical studies have provided an articulate account of the visitation–misconduct relationship. This study expands research in this field by (a) addressing various features of visits, such as whether, from whom and how often prisoners receive visits and (b) examining two specific types of misconduct: aggressive and contraband. Using a combination of survey and administrative data from 3885 Dutch prisoners, multilevel analyses were conducted. Receiving visits in prison is associated with the higher probabilities of contraband misconduct, especially when partner or friends visit. Receiving visits is, however, not significantly associated with aggressive misconduct, but weekly visits from friends increased the likelihood of aggressive misconduct. Post hoc analyses suggest that visits are particularly not associated with verbally aggressive behaviours, but they are associated with lower likelihoods of physically aggressive behaviours. No significant associations were found between child or family visits and any type of misconduct. Policy implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The spread of Coronavirus disease limited the activities of humans in the globe in 2020 with Jakarta reported to have also struggled with the virus. The pandemic stopped humans from visiting public amenities such as urban green spaces which are one of the key components of sustainable and livable cities and have the ability to reduce the negative impact on mental health. However, there are limited studies on the behaviors and perceptions of humans toward the usage of urban green spaces during the pandemic. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the changes in the behaviors, perceptions, and visitation of residents towards the urban green space during the pandemic based on the socioeconomic aspects as well as the access and proximity to the parks and urban forests. METHODS: A questionnaire was distributed through an online survey on social media for approximately two months, from March to April 2021, and the last data recorded showed there were 1,660 respondents. The attention was on their perceptions and visitation to the urban green spaces spread across administrative cities in Jakarta, representing 42 districts and 239 sub-districts. Data obtained were analyzed empirically using the partial least square structural equation approach and SmartPLS 3.0 software to determine the relationship between the respondents' characteristics and proximity to urban green space visitation. FINDINGS: The results showed that almost half of the respondents perceived changes in the urban green spaces and the majority believed the spaces were more useful during the pandemic. It was also discovered that the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents including age, education level, occupational status, and average monthly income differed statistically significantly from the criteria associated with the visitation to urban green spaces during the pandemic. The findings indicated that education was substantially associated with the decision to exercise and engage in outdoor recreation in urban green spaces. Meanwhile, not all houses close to the parks and urban forests have a statistically significant impact on their usage and this is the explanation for the noncorrelation and non-causation. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the perception of urban green space by the people changed during the pandemic but its usage was reduced due to the closures and restriction policies implemented. It was also discovered that socioeconomic characteristics have a significant influence on visitation but not all accessibility factors were significantly affected and this is different from the findings of previous studies. Moreover, this study discussed and shared empirical evidence that depicts urban green space as a resilient urban infrastructure during the pandemic. This means it is necessary to promote sustainable urban planning through the development of urban green spaces to manage the medium and long-term crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I sought to identify racial disparities in visitation and health between Non-White and White older adults incarcerated in prison and to examine the contribution of visitation to health among this vulnerable population. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were calculated to describe the cross-sectional sample and relationships between visitation and health. Independent t-tests, Chi-square tests, and effect sizes were used to identify racial disparities in measures of and relationships between visitation and health. Hierarchical multiple linear regression was used to examine the contribution of visitation to physical functioning, chronic disease, and mental health. Older adults rated their physical functioning higher than their mental health. Over 70% of older adults received zero visits during their current incarceration (∼13 years) and White older adults received 10 times the number of visits than Non-White older adults. Increased visitation related to decreased physical functioning among Non-White older adults, a relationship distinct from that of White older adults (z=-3.14, p<.001) and visitation contributed to variation in older adults' mental health. Future scholars are encouraged to examine factors associated with visitation and the quality of such visits for older adults. Further, visitation policies warrant amendment to increase visits and to enhance social support for older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although active participation of members is a critical success factor for virtual communities, few members actively participate in activities in virtual communities (e.g., posting, commenting, sharing, etc.). This study explores the differences between passive and active community participation from community cohesiveness and community attachment perspectives. Drawing upon a context-specific cohesiveness-attachment-participation framework based on cognition-affection-conation traits of human psychology, we propose a research model and empirically test the roles of community cohesiveness and attachment in virtual community participation. The results suggest that community members' active participation is positively influenced by both community cohesiveness and community attachment. Visitation, as the passive mode of participation, is influenced by community attachment only. The findings not only inspire future IS research to consider community cohesiveness, attachment, and participation as vital research constructs in other social contexts, but it also helps managers build managerial actions, such as prioritising their limited business resources to increase community members' active participation, for the success of virtual communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The United States has the highest-incarcerated population in the world. The U.S. houses 25% of the world's incarcerated individuals. Interpretations of incarcerated visitation differ and focus on theoretical and empirical importance with social connections and their initiation via visitation shields damaging outcomes of disapproval and stereotype. An absent father due to incarceration can cause a burden on one's family structure due to expenses related to legal costs, communication through telephone calls, transportation to visitation, and putting funds on the incarcerated individual's account. Well-known strict correctional facility visiting atmospheres hold barriers such as limited visiting schedules, visitation processes, and offensive visiting searches which are all difficult and essentially impact the consistency and or experience of the visits. Reducing difficulties within a correctional facility by organizing visitations that can be child friendly for incarcerated fathers can help support positive relationship involvement with families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay seeks to shift our perspective when addressing the question of the impact of the Council of Trent on art. Rather than focusing on the artistic treatises that emerged in the wake of the council, it turns to a different type of text: the records from visitations, regular church inspections that functioned as an important tool of Catholic reform. This analysis looks at apostolic visitation records in the Vatican archives between 1564 and 1630 to show how ecclesiastical visitors chiefly judged image decorum—and the definition of images themselves—according to function instead of form, giving priority to issues related to ritual use, such as conservation, consecration, and location. The functional definition of terms such as altarpiece and icona in the visitation records also reminds us to carefully consider the art historical vocabulary used in scholarship today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]