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The novelty of this study is the combined experimental and statistical approach, which is showcased to predict and optimise bamboo–mortar bond strength, incorporating the effects of various material factors. The design of experiments method was used to quantify the impact of multiple factors affecting the bond strength. Firstly, different experimental pull-out tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine the effect of various factors (water/cement ratio, curing duration, cement/sand ratio, fly ash content and bamboo treatment) on bond strength development. Three failure patterns were observed – bamboo failure, bond failure and mortar failure. Secondly, using a two-level full factorial design method, different statistical models were formulated. These models were developed based on the surface treatment of the bamboo (model M1 (untreated) and model M2 (treated and untreated)). The effects of single factors and their interactions on bond strength development were quantified. The developed models were validated for the prediction of bond strength based on different factors. The developed statistical models were found to predict and simulate the experimental behaviour of bond strength with sufficient accuracy.

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a precursor of Glutathione (GSH) which possess an immense potential of mucolytic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties against several diseases including tuberculosis. Since last several decades, NAC is being primarily used to treat lung conditions as well as paracetamol-induced liver toxicity However, NAC exhibited potential antimycobacterial activity through several mechanism including immunomodulation, enhancement of GSH level, and by direct antimycobacterial effect. Herein, we synthesized and characterized lactose coated N-acetylcysteine loaded PLGA composites (NAC-PLGA@Cs) by double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The physicochemical characterization studies revealed the compatibility of the drug with excipients. Moreover, NAC-PLGA@Cs showed particle size with 310 ± 5.5nm, PDI with 0.15 ± 0.1, and zeta potential with − 11.5 ± 0.4 mV. In vitro release study suggested the biphasic release profile. Likewise, in vitro lung deposition studies revealed remarkable lung deposition parameters, indicating effective particles size for efficient pulmonary delivery. Additionally, in vitro study for antimycobacterial activity exhibited superior antibacterial activity against MTB H37Rv. Subsequently, we hypothesized that NAC incorporated PLGA composites could be a novel approach in the battle of fighting for pulmonary tuberculosis.

The article presents the design and development of a metamaterial-based microwave absorber having polarisation insensitivity, broad angle of incidence, low profile, and compactness in the microwave frequency range. The unit cell focuses to achieve maximum absorption at C-, X- and broad Ku-bands. The structure is simulated and the results are analysed for different angles of polarisation and angle of incidence. The dimension of the proposed structure is ultrathin and compact having an overall dimension of 8 mm × 8 mm × 0.8 mm. The dimensions are optimized in such a fashion to achieve three different peaks at three different bands thereby making the triple-band behaviour of the metamaterial absorber possible. The structure is providing absorption of 99.14% absorption at 6.08 GHz (C-Band) while absorption of 98.29% is achieved at 9.49 GHz (X-band) and 265 MHz bandwidth with above 95% absorption from 16.57 GHz to 16.83 GHz (Ku-Band) in the microwave regime. The absorber patch is a composition of square ring patches and a central square ring annexed with triangles on four sides, the split ring providing a combinational effect witnessing the desired absorption at designated frequencies. The unit cell dimension at a lower cut-off frequency is 0.162 λ lowest. The proposed structure is verified for polarisation sensitivity and has a wide angle of incidence. The structure is experimentally verified for results and is found to be in close agreement with simulated ones. The compactness of structure with the attainment of the highest form of absorption in different bands including the 265 MHz high absorption band provides the scope of applicability in various engineering applications at microwave regimes.

This study investigates the effect of fly ash in bamboo-reinforced mortar wall panels. The effect of fly ash with bamboo has been quantified by evaluating the material properties of bamboo, the compressive strength of mortar mixes, composite panel properties through non-destructive testing techniques and by evaluating the flexural strength of panels through two-point loading tests. Nine panels were fabricated with mortar mixes categorised into three groups based on mix proportion. Test results showed that bending cracks promote debonding of mortar layers under flexure with the addition of fly ash in wall panels due to lower bond strength development. Because of the reduced surface hardness and resilience, the first crack load and ultimate load were lowered compared to panels developed without fly ash. Debonding failure under flexure loads was observed, which leads to a reduction in flexural strength of the panels with the addition of fly ash, although significant compressive strength and cost-effectiveness was achieved.

Aim: The main aim of this article is to prepare and evaluate sodium alginate microparticles and evaluate on the basis of their characterization. The drug is dissolved, encapsulated or attached to a microparticles matrix. Depending upon method of preparation microparticles were obtained. Microparticles were developed as a carrier for vaccines and other disease like rheumatoid arthritis, cancer etc. Microparticles were developed to increase the efficacy of active pharmaceutical ingredient to a specific targeted site. Material and Method: Microparticles of Sodium Alginate, Pepsin and Calcium Chloride were prepared in six batches (A-F) with different ratio of sodium alginate and calcium chloride respectively i.e. (0.25:2.5), (0.25:5), (0.25:7.5), (0.5:2.5), (0.5:5), (0.5:7.5) by using a homogenizing method. Microparticles were evaluated for particle size distribution, zeta potential and morphology. Result and Discussion: The normal particle size of each of the six batches were analyzed by Zeta Sizer (Delsa C Particle Analyzer) and it was found that the Batch B (0.25:5) delivered the best microparticles with size distribution of 1.2731 (µm). All batches were seen under Motic magnifying microscope by using the Sulforhodamine B (M.W. 479.02) color as staining dye. Microparticles was found to be semi spherical in shape. Conclusion: Results of all the six batches was contrasted based on particle size investigation, zeta potential and morphology. Batch B (0.25:5) was considered as the best formulation. Key words: Micro Particle, Pepsin, Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride, Sulforhodamine B, Zeta Sizer.

In this paper, focus is on development of polarization independent absorber having broad angle of incidence, low profile and compactness in microwave frequency range. The unit cell focuses to achieve maximum absorption at C, K and Ka band. The structure is simulated and the results are analysed for different angle of polarization and angle of incidence. The dimensions of structure are ultrathin and compact with 8mm×8mm×0.8mm. The dimensions are optimised in such a fashion to achieve three different peaks at three different microwave bands i.e. C, K and Kaband. The proposed structure after optimization provides peak absorption of 98.49%, 91.1%, and 96.9% at C Band, K and Ka band of microwave regime, respectively.

Background Free Open-Access Medical education (FOAM) use among residents continues to rise. However, it often lacks quality assurance processes and residents receive little guidance on quality assessment. The Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Approved Instructional Resources tool (AAT) was created for FOAM appraisal by and for expert educators and has demonstrated validity in this context. It has yet to be evaluated in other populations. Objectives We assessed the AAT's usability in a diverse population of practicing emergency medicine (EM) physicians, residents, and medical students; solicited feedback; and developed a revised tool. Methods As part of the Medical Education Translational Resources: Impact and Quality (METRIQ) study, we recruited medical students, EM residents, and EM attendings to evaluate five FOAM posts with the AAT and provide quantitative and qualitative feedback via an online survey. Two independent analysts performed a qualitative thematic analysis with discrepancies resolved through discussion and negotiated consensus. This analysis informed development of an initial revised AAT, which was then further refined after pilot testing among the author group. The final tool was reassessed for reliability. Results Of 330 recruited international participants, 309 completed all ratings. The Best Evidence in Emergency Medicine (BEEM) score was the component most frequently reported as difficult to use. Several themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: for ease of use-understandable, logically structured, concise, and aligned with educational value. Limitations include deviation from questionnaire best practices, validity concerns, and challenges assessing evidence-based medicine. Themes supporting its use include evaluative utility and usability. The author group pilot tested the initial revised AAT, revealing a total score average measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of moderate reliability (ICC = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0 to 0.962). The final AAT's average measure ICC was 0.88 (95% CI = 0.77 to 0.95). Conclusions We developed the final revised AAT from usability feedback. The new score has significantly increased usability, but will need to be reassessed for reliability in a broad population.

Plastic and stubble are some of the industrial and agricultural wastes whose disposal has become a menace over the last decade. Their extreme production has impacted their disposal which in turn is deteriorating the environment. This study presents four different brick development methodologies utilizing plastic and stubble wastes in building bricks. First brick was developed using the application of stubble having a 1:5 cement to sand ratio. The second had the application of PET bottle with 1:3 cement to sand ratio. The third and fourth bricks were developed using waste plastic polybags. The study further evaluated the performance analysis, energy efficiency along with a comparative cost analysis. A comparative analysis was also carried out with the conventional fly ash bricks. Study observed that the energy efficiency of such bricks is significantly higher and their application potential as building bricks is immense. However, the strength of such bricks was observed to be lower. This further requires optimization of design mix and plastic waste. For stubble-based bricks further long term, durability analysis is required.

The latest trend in electronic industry demands the design of ultralow-power circuits. One such technology that can address this demand is reversible logic which is an alternative technology to design various digital circuits with almost zero power dissipation. In this paper, a new 3 × 3 IMG reversible gate has been proposed which is both universal and multifunctional in nature. The universal nature has been verified by designing all the logic gates from the proposed IMG gate whereas the multifunctional nature is verified by implementing all the 13 standard Boolean functions. In addition to this, the future scope of the proposed gate has also been presented wherein reversible logic can be combined with Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology to implement various ultraefficient digital circuits in nano-regime. Based on the performance comparison, it is observed that the proposed gate is highly efficient and thus can be used in various nano-electronic applications.

The latest trend in electronic industry demands the design of ultralow-power circuits. One such technology that can address this demand is reversible logic which is an alternative technology to design various digital circuits with almost zero power dissipation. In this paper, a new 3 × 3 NNG reversible gate has been proposed which is both universal and multifunctional in nature. The universal nature has been verified by designing all the logic gates from the proposed NNG gate whereas the multifunctional nature is verified by implementing all the 13 standard Boolean functions. In addition to this, the future scope of the proposed gate has also been presented wherein reversible logic can be combined with Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) nanotechnology to implement various ultraefficient digital circuits in nano-regime. Based on the performance comparison, it is observed that the proposed gate is highly efficient and thus can be used in various nano-electronic applications.

Aim To find the association of dermatoglyphics and dental caries in normal and cerebral palsy (CP) children. Materials and methods A total of 150 children of age group 6-12 years were selected and divided into three equal groups. Group I constituted of 50 CP caries-active children, group II constituted of 50 healthy caries active children, and group III consisted of 50 healthy caries-free children. World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used for diagnosis and recording of decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT)/deft scores. Fingerprints of both hands were taken using a stamp pad and analyzed using the Cummin and Midlo method. Results The results were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD). The data for the entire study were calculated using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) statistical software 19.0 version. The mean DMFT/deft score was the highest for the CP caries-active group compared to the healthy caries-active and healthy caries-free children. Dermatoglyphic pattern distribution in the CP caries-active group showed more whorls and that in the healthy caries-free group showed more arches. Intergroup comparisons for DMFT/deft and dermatoglyphic patterns were significant except between CP caries-active children and healthy caries-active children. Conclusion Association of dermatoglyphics and dental caries was observed among CP caries-active children, healthy caries-active children, and healthy caries-free children. This association can be helpful in identifying the possible genetic predisposition and early prediction of dental caries in CP children, so as to initiate oral health measures at an early stage. Clinical significance Maintaining oral hygiene has always been a challenge in children because of many difficulties like behavior management and lack of dexterity, and it becomes all the more difficult in the case of children with special needs. Dermatoglyphics can be proven to be a very useful, noninvasive, and economical tool for the preliminary diagnosis of diseases of suspected genetic origin like dental caries and CP. How to cite this article Somani R, Gupta MP, et al. Dermatoglyphics as a Noninvasive Tool for Predicting Dental Caries in Cerebral Palsy and Healthy Children: An In Vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(3):237-242.

Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) is one of the latest geophysical methods used for determining the shear wave velocity of the soil. A series of MASW tests were carried out in this study using a multi channel seismograph with 24 numbers of 4.5 Hz vertical geophones. Collected data were analysed using Surface Plus software. One-dimensional shear wave velocity models were developed from the analyses of the collected data for the Jaipur city. The average shear wave velocity (VS30) for the top 30 m of soil deposit was estimated for the Jaipur city. Based on this VS30 value, the Jaipur city was finally divided into various sub-zones as per the NEHRP guidelines. From the study it has been observed that all the studied areas are falling either in site class C or D. In top 15 m depth, almost all studied area is having average shear wave velocity less than 360 m/s. The estimated shear wave velocity data were used in the assessment of liquefaction potential of soil at various locations in the city. From the liquefaction potential results it can be concluded that most of the city area is not susceptible to liquefaction.

With the increasing population there is a tremendous exploitation of natural resources to produce conventional building materials such as bricks, cement and reinforcing bars. This exponentially increases their prices and also deteriorates the environment by production of large amount of greenhouse gases. So, there is a need to develop cheap and sustainable infrastructure. This paper presents an alternative sustainable infrastructure component – prefabricated bamboo reinforced walls beneficial for low cost housing. To determine the potential of these panels in the construction industry, the strength analysis along with the cost estimation and environmental impact analysis were also carried out for these panels. It was observed that these walls are 56% lighter in weight, 40% cheaper and have good strength as compared to partition brick walls. The benefits of these walls over the traditional brick walls were observed to be significant, through which it can be concluded that these wall panels have a great potential for low cost housing.

Okra is a nutritional source of power used throughout history for both medicinal and culinary purposes. Okra is good source of minerals, vitamins and nutrients that are responsible for the health benefits. It has various reported pharmacological properties like antidabetic, antioxidant, nootropic, eye, heart disease and neurological disorders etc. This effort is towards providing the evidence in support to encourage more scientific research to find out more pharmacological and nutritional potential of Abelmoschus esculentus that may be suggestive of new drug discovery.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a group of sensor nodes deployed and resource-constrained sensor nodes aware their surroundings and communicate the sensed data to the base station through sink node. Based on environmental conditions such as sound, humidity, temperature, wind, gas sensor can be clearly determined by WSN. In sensor node deployment model, Target COVerage (TCOV) and Network CONnectivity (NCON) are the basic issues in WSNs that have found important attention in Sensor Deployment Problem. In this viewpoint, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) are conveyed to find optimal locations for sensor nodes. GA and PSO are evolutionary computation methods based optimisation scheme inspired from biology. The principal objective of WSN is to organise the whole sensor nodes in their related positions, thereby developing an effective network. In WSN, Many research works aspire the involvement of smart context awareness algorithm for sensor deployment issues in WSN. GA and PSO of the TCOV and NCON process are deployed as the minimisation problem.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) have thousands of sensor nodes in a distributed environment and it is developed for controlling and verifies the natural characteristics of the sensor network. WSN is still on improving and is said to be a popular technology for checking and to work on the risky events on humans. The local sensor data that is got from the sensor node is then moved to the sink, and hence it acts as a remote base station. It is a group of sensor nodes deployed and resource constrained sensor nodes with less energy, higher computational cost, coverage and connectivity are major challenges in general deployment model. In sensor node deployment model, Target COVerage (TCOV) and Network CONnectivity (NCON) are the main issue in WSNs that have initiate significant consideration in Sensor Deployment Problem. In this review, metaheuristic algorithms are conveyed to find optimal locations for the sensor nodes as an approximate solution. Main objective is provide roadmap for researchers and development of different WSN application system. Lastly, future implementation and major open issue are highlighted.

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is generally a collection of spatially distributed and dedicated sensors to record and monitor the physical environmental condition, and the collected data is grouped at a central location. In fact, the environmental conditions such as sound, humidity, temperature, wind, pollution levels, etc. can be clearly determined by WSN. The principal objective of WSN is to organize the whole sensor nodes in their related positions, thereby developing an effective network. In WSN, Target COVerage (TCOV) and Network CONnectivity (NCON) are the main concern of Sensor Deployment problem. In sensor node deployment model, Target COVer-age (TCOV) and Network CONnectivity (NCON) are the main issue in WSNs that have initiate significant consideration in Sensor Deployment Problem. In this paper, ABC-WOA scheme algorithm are conveyed to find optimal locations for sensor nodes as an approximate solution. Main objective is provide suitable for improvement of different WSN application system. Finally, implementation of ABC-WOA proposed scheme in WSN are simulated in MATLAB and compare with other conventional methods such as GA and PSO models.

Study objective Online educational resources such as blogs are increasingly used for education by emergency medicine clinicians. The Social Media Index was developed to quantify their relative impact. The Medical Education Translational Resources: Indicators of Quality (METRIQ) study was conducted in part to determine the association between the Social Media Index score and quality as measured by gestalt and previously derived quality instruments. Methods Ten blogs were randomly selected from a list of emergency medicine and critical care Web sites. The 2 most recent clinically oriented blog posts published on these blogs were evaluated with gestalt, the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine Approved Instructional Resources (ALiEM AIR) score, and the METRIQ-8 score. Volunteer raters (including medical students, emergency medicine residents, and emergency medicine attending physicians) were identified with a multimodal recruitment methodology. The Social Media Index was calculated in February 2016, November 2016, April 2017, and December 2017. Pearson's correlations were calculated between the Social Media Index and the average rater gestalt, ALiEM AIR score, and METRIQ-8 score. Results A total of 309 of 330 raters completed all ratings (93.6%). The Social Media Index correlated moderately to strongly with the mean rater gestalt ratings (range 0.69 to 0.76) and moderately with the mean rater ALiEM AIR score (range 0.55 to 0.61) and METRIQ-8 score (range 0.53 to 0.57) during the month of the blog post's selection and for 2 years after. Conclusion The Social Media Index's correlation with multiple quality evaluation instruments over time supports the hypothesis that it is associated with overall Web site quality. It can play a role in guiding individuals to high-quality resources that can be reviewed with critical appraisal techniques.

Trend detection in financial temporal data is a significant problem, with far-reaching applications, that presents researchers with many challenges. Existing techniques require users to choose a given interval, and then provide an approximation of the data on that interval; they always produce some approximation, namely, a member of a class of candidate functions that is "best" according to some criteria. Moreover, financial analysis can be performed from different perspectives, at different levels, from short term to long term; it is therefore very desirable to be able to indicate a scale that is suitable and adapted to the analysis of interest. Based on these considerations, our objective was to design a method that lets users input a scale factor, determines the intervals on which an approximation captures a significant trend as a function of the scale factor, and proposes a qualification of the trend. The method we use combines various machine-learning and statistical techniques, a key role being played by a change-point detection method. We describe the architecture of a system that implements the proposed method. Finally, we report on the experiments we ran and use their results to stress how they differ from the results than can be obtained from alternative approaches.

Abstarct : Design of 8 element linear array as a model set up by using IE3D setup. Satellite applications involve millions of elements Defect in an element is difficult to diagnose and require optimization approach. The paper intends to design 8 element arrays as a satellite model and making its element defective for diagnosis Particle swarm optimization technique is used for the purpose of diagnosis. Detection of defective element in a satellite antenna requires optimized approach A calibration system can be used in satellite itself but in case of any failure, calibration can also be defective. So the good solution will be location of failing element from external data and optimization scheme can be used for the detection. PSO is used as a optimization tool that detects the defective element using power values that are being, received.

Nowadays, the performance of wireless sensor network (WSN) in a variety of applications plays a pivotal role in the research field and variety of parameters is used for its functioning. While designing WSN, some issues may arise out of which one issue is energy consumption. Energy efficiency is a serious issue for distributed WSNs deployed in varied environments. The energy efficient cluster-based protocols play a vital role for energy saving in hierarchical WSN. In modelling, probability plays its important role. While selecting the CH at the beginning of the network, one important parameter used is distance. The probability definition is different for different approaches. Most of the protocols consider probability of all the nodes to become CH at the beginning of the network is fixed but the present paper is an approach to consider varying probability of the nodes to become CH at the beginning on the basis of distance from BS. These results show that the present approach has improved performance when compared to existing algorithms with their results. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate and compare the performance of the proposed algorithms.

Study objective Open educational resources such as blogs are increasingly used for medical education. Gestalt is generally the evaluation method used for these resources; however, little information has been published on it. We aim to evaluate the reliability of gestalt in the assessment of emergency medicine blogs. Methods We identified 60 English-language emergency medicine Web sites that posted clinically oriented blogs between January 1, 2016, and February 24, 2016. Ten Web sites were selected with a random-number generator. Medical students, emergency medicine residents, and emergency medicine attending physicians evaluated the 2 most recent clinical blog posts from each site for quality, using a 7-point Likert scale. The mean gestalt scores of each blog post were compared between groups with Pearson's correlations. Single and average measure intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated within groups. A generalizability study evaluated variance within gestalt and a decision study calculated the number of raters required to reliably (>0.8) estimate quality. Results One hundred twenty-one medical students, 88 residents, and 100 attending physicians (93.6% of enrolled participants) evaluated all 20 blog posts. Single-measure intraclass correlation coefficients within groups were fair to poor (0.36 to 0.40). Average-measure intraclass correlation coefficients were more reliable (0.811 to 0.840). Mean gestalt ratings by attending physicians correlated strongly with those by medical students (r=0.92) and residents (r=0.99). The generalizability coefficient was 0.91 for the complete data set. The decision study found that 42 gestalt ratings were required to reliably evaluate quality (>0.8). Conclusion The mean gestalt quality ratings of blog posts between medical students, residents, and attending physicians correlate strongly, but individual ratings are unreliable. With sufficient raters, mean gestalt ratings provide a community standard for assessment.

One of the three basic needs for mankind's survival is shelter which is not adequate in India as per the estimation reported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, Government of India. With an annual population growth rate of 1.64 % as compared to world population growth rate of 1.23 % during the last decade there is a great vulnerability to housing needs in the coming decades. This would result in an enormous over dependence on traditional building materials like steel, cement and wood. To reduce this over dependence there is a need to review alternate building materials and formulate guidelines for their application in construction industry. This paper focuses on the recent advancements in energy efficient, eco-friendly low cost building materials like fly ash, earthen materials and natural fibers (bamboo) along with the different problems associated with them. Numerous technologies are available nowadays to build two storey bamboo house, pre-engineered bamboo portal frame buildings, composite bamboo beams and columns, fly ash concrete, fly ash bricks, fly ash blocks, non-erodible mud plaster, terra cotta skin in mud walls, tumbler tiles, and fibrous boards. The recent developments in this area in India by various organizations like Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council (BMTPC), Central Building Research Institute (CBRI), Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi, Roorkee, Madras, Kharagpur) and Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute (IPIRTI) have been discussed along with their potential applications, cost aspects. Numerous problems such as lack of codal guidelines, technology transfer and manufacturing facilities associated with these materials have been discussed. Need of the hour is for their widespread usage and awareness among peoples but the lack of specific guidelines unlike other countries hinder their application.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) usually presents as respiratory distress in the newborn period but atypical presentation can mimic a vast array of clinical symptoms frequently masquerading other more common paediatric entities. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is essential in the management of CDH.1