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Heavy menstrual bleeding is common gynecological complain observed in most of the female in their reproductive age group.Ultrasound usually used as a rst line investigation in diagnosis of HMB. It is a primary diagnostic tool in evaluating women with abnormal vaginal bleeding, being able to demonstrate anatomic ndings not frequently detected in pelvic examination Ultrasonography has markedly increased the accuracy of clinical diagnosis and it emerges as one stop diagnostic tool for diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding and help in proper management of patient. Aims and objective: 1.To study the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding in term of accuracy and reliability. 2.To decrease the undue risk associated with invasive procedure Method and materials :The present study was conducted at Mahila hospital SMS Medical college ,50 non pregnant patient in their reproductive age with complain of heavy menstrual bleeding were examined and evaluated during the period of april 2021 to april 2022 by proper history, clinical examination and ultrasound. Result were observed and compared with nding of endometrial biopsy and histopathology report.Standard treatment methodology was listed in each case. Result: In our study 44%patients presented with heavy menses, 40% patients with irregular menses, 20% patients experienced pain in lower abdomen and 10% of patients presented with bleeding PV with passage of clots and 64% patients were anemic. In ultrasound almost 60 % of patients with complaint of heavy menstrual bleeding had nding of bulky uterus, among them 46% patients had broid, adenomayotic changes seen in 20% patients . 28% patients had >5mm thick endometrium, 20% patients had 5-10mm thick endometrium and 24% patients had>10mm thick endometrium, So endometrial biopsy and pap smear was perfomed in these patients and managed accordingly. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a non invasive, safer, rapid, highly acceptable,easily available, affordable tool with high accuracy of diagnosis in patients with heavy menstrual bleeding and decreases the undue risk associated with invasive procedure

Considering that nanosilver-based materials have shown to have a novel, demanding, and promising properties appropriate for a variety of biological applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have evolved into one of the most researched and examined nanostructures created from nanotechnology in recent years. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the subject of research due to their special characteristics, and they have considerable interest in medical applications such as highly excellent antimicrobial agents even without toxic effects, and industrial applications such as inkjet inks comprising well-unified dispersions of nano-sized silver particles that are useful for creating electronic circuits. Due to the remarkable activities shown by silver nanoparticles, they have been the focus of many researchers for developing new medications with less toxic effects. In this study, we have highlighted some entitled applications of silver nanoparticles. This review will be helpful for the researchers working on silver nanoparticles.

The growing interest in biodegradable products paves the way for the safest sustainable earth. Starch is an extensively studied, cost-effective, easily accessible, and highly trusted resource to produce biodegradable products in the present and future. However, the exploitation of these starch in several fields requires substantial changes in its chemical functionalities and related properties. Here, we investigated the conditions (pH, temperature, the concentration of starch, concentration of chloroacetate, time, the ratio between starch/sodium hydroxide, etc.) that affect the preparation of carboxymethyl starch (CMS). The chemical structure and degree of substitution of native starch and CMS were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared ( FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), potentiometric titration, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR ). CMS's rheological properties show that CMS's intrinsic viscosity increased with increased degrees of substitutions (DS) from CMS (0.05 to 0.45). The CMS with different DS (0.05 to 0.45) was used for the first time to stabilize selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs), showing spherical shape with a high homogenous size of Se-NPs (approx. 50 nm). The NPs shape and size stability were investigated and confirmed by different techniques like Dynamic light scanning (DLS), SEM, and Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

This paper discusses what is the battery management system (BMS), what are different parts of it. In this paper, several methods used in battery balancing will be discussed and compared on their advantages & limitations. Among all the conventional methods, how the solar-powered balancing method is most efficient is justified. This method is based on three modes: Solar-balancing mode, in this mode, the solar panel will balance the battery cells directly. This mode can be used in sunny weather condition and when the vehicle is in running, the discharge rate of the battery is high. The cells with the lowest SOC which is detected by the control unit can be charged by a solar panel. The second mode is Storage balancing mode, this mode is used in rainy or cloudy weather conditions or during the night when the solar panels are not able to generate sufficient power. Then charge stored in the storage cell is passed to the battery module where it charges the cells with lower SOC value. And the third method is Charge balancing mode, Here the battery module is recharged by a plug-in charger. And this method yields an efficiency of the battery module which increases by 2.1 to 3.1%.

With the growing economy, there is an abundant demand of energy all over the world. As most of fossil fuels have depleted and alarming signs of climate changes all over the world, the world’s focus has shifted from conventional to renewable energy resources. Solar and wind are among two popular RES but individually these two are not able to meet the bulk demand. Thus, Hybrid Renewable Energy Resources (HRER) are implemented. HRE has its own limitation when wind turbines and solar energy is integrated like voltage profile detoriation, losses and power fluctuations. In this paper, study has been conducted to minimize the power losses, smoothens the power fluctuations using energy storage system through different optimization techniques.

With the recent advancements going in the field of engineering, several new models for mobile phones are introduced in the market very often. One of the main judging parameters of these phones is their battery consumption. Thus, a need to develop high speed, low power consuming modules arises. The important module of any communication system is the demodulator circuit. One of the main factors that has to be taken care while demodulating a signal is to detect and correct phase errors, without which meaningless messages can be received. Thus the objective of this project would be to develop a phase locked loop system for error free demodulation.