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1. Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide films fabrication for potential environmental sensing and nonlinear photonics

Author

Tomáš Halenkovič, Marion Baillieul, Jan Gutwirth, Petr Němec, and Virginie Nazabal

Subjects
Chalcogenide, Thin films, Glass, Amorphous, Optical properties, NLO, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te chalcogenide thin films were fabricated by rf magnetron sputtering from Ge19Sb17Se64−xTex (x = 5, 10, 15, 20) sputtering targets in order to select appropriate compositions for infrared sensor and optical nonlinear applications. An influence of chemical composition and deposition parameters on the optical properties, structure and wettability was thus studied. The amorphous thin films seem to be constituted by selenide entities that can include tellurium atoms in variable proportion such as [GeSe4−xTex] and [SbSe3−xTex] (x = 0, 1, 2) and Ge(Sb)-Ge(Sb) bonds according to Raman spectroscopy. Contact angle measurements of the thin films showed values of 68–71° for water and their surface energies in the range of ∼36–39 mJ·m−2 seem suitable for surface functionalization required for photonic sensor development. Furthermore, the maximum nonlinearity at the telecom wavelength with respect to the highest figure of merit value was found for the thin film with composition Ge19Sb17Se56Te8 having nonlinear refractive index of 28 × 10−18 m2·W−1. Due to their low optical bandgap energies, they may find their full interest for nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared range. Wide IR transparency in combination with high (non)linear refractive indices make these materials attractive in the field of mid-IR sensing and optical nonlinear devices.

Published
2022
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2. Genetic architecture and genomic selection of fatty acid composition predicted by Raman spectroscopy in rainbow trout

Author

Carole Blay, Pierrick Haffray, Jonathan D’Ambrosio, Enora Prado, Nicolas Dechamp, Virginie Nazabal, Jérôme Bugeon, Florian Enez, David Causeur, Christophe Eklouh-Molinier, Vincent Petit, Florence Phocas, Geneviève Corraze, and Mathilde Dupont-Nivet

Subjects
Fish, Genomic selection, QTL, GWAS, Fatty acid, Raman, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background In response to major challenges regarding the supply and sustainability of marine ingredients in aquafeeds, the aquaculture industry has made a large-scale shift toward plant-based substitutions for fish oil and fish meal. But, this also led to lower levels of healthful n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids—in flesh. One potential solution is to select fish with better abilities to retain or synthesise PUFAs, to increase the efficiency of aquaculture and promote the production of healthier fish products. To this end, we aimed i) to estimate the genetic variability in fatty acid (FA) composition in visceral fat quantified by Raman spectroscopy, with respect to both individual FAs and groups under a feeding regime with limited n-3 PUFAs; ii) to study the genetic and phenotypic correlations between FAs and processing yields- and fat-related traits; iii) to detect QTLs associated with FA composition and identify candidate genes; and iv) to assess the efficiency of genomic selection compared to pedigree-based BLUP selection. Results Proportions of the various FAs in fish were indirectly estimated using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Fish were genotyped using the 57 K SNP Axiom™ Trout Genotyping Array. Following quality control, the final analysis contained 29,652 SNPs from 1382 fish. Heritability estimates for traits ranged from 0.03 ± 0.03 (n-3 PUFAs) to 0.24 ± 0.05 (n-6 PUFAs), confirming the potential for genomic selection. n-3 PUFAs are positively correlated to a decrease in fat deposition in the fillet and in the viscera but negatively correlated to body weight. This highlights the potential interest to combine selection on FA and against fat deposition to improve nutritional merit of aquaculture products. Several QTLs were identified for FA composition, containing multiple candidate genes with indirect links to FA metabolism. In particular, one region on Omy1 was associated with n-6 PUFAs, monounsaturated FAs, linoleic acid, and EPA, while a region on Omy7 had effects on n-6 PUFAs, EPA, and linoleic acid. When we compared the effectiveness of breeding programmes based on genomic selection (using a reference population of 1000 individuals related to selection candidates) or on pedigree-based selection, we found that the former yielded increases in selection accuracy of 12 to 120% depending on the FA trait. Conclusion This study reveals the polygenic genetic architecture for FA composition in rainbow trout and confirms that genomic selection has potential to improve EPA and DHA proportions in aquaculture species.

Published
2021
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4. (INVITED)Infrared luminescence of chalcogenide glasses doped with rare earth ions and their potential applications

Author

Virginie Nazabal and Jean-Luc Adam

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Mid-infrared, Low-phonon glasses, Optical fibers, Thin film, Photonic integrated circuit, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

This article deals with sulfur and selenium-based glasses doped with rare earth ions. It reviews the most significant glass compositions and their related thermal and mechanical properties, with emphasis given to optical and spectroscopic properties in the infrared domain. Optical transparency, multiphonon relaxations, luminescence in optical fibers and planar waveguides doped with trivalent rare earth ions are presented in details. Applications as new compact light sources and lasers, especially for the mid-IR domain, are shown.

Published
2022
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5. Anodic bonding of mid-infrared transparent germanate glasses for high pressure - high temperature microfluidic applications

Author

Julien Ari, Geoffrey Louvet, Yannick Ledemi, Fabrice Célarié, Sandy Morais, Bruno Bureau, Samuel Marre, Virginie Nazabal, and Younès Messaddeq

Subjects
germanate glass, mid-infrared, anodic bonding, high pressure/high temperature, microfluidics, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

High pressure/high-temperature microreactors based on silicon-Pyrex® microfabrication technologies have attracted increasing interest in various applications providing optical access in high-pressure flow processes. However, they cannot be coupled to infrared spectroscopy due to the limited optical transparency (up to ~2.7 μm in the infrared region) of the Pyrex® glass substrate employed in the microreactor fabrication. To address this limitation, the alternative approach proposed in this work consists in replacing the Pyrex® glass in the microreactor by a mid-infrared transparent glass with thermal and mechanical properties as close as possible or even better to those of the Pyrex®, including its ability for silicon-wafers coupling by the anodic bonding process. Glasses based on germanate GeO2, known for their excellent transmission in the mid-infrared range and thermal/thermo-mechanical properties, have been thus evaluated and developed for this purpose. The optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical conductivity properties of adapted glass compositions belonging to five vitreous systems have been systemically investigated. The glass composition 70GeO2-15Al2O3-10La2O3-5Na2O (mol.%) was defined as the best candidate and produced in large plates of 50 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. Anodic bonding tests with Si-wafers have been then successfully conducted, paving the way for the development of fully mid-infrared transparent silicon-glass microreactors.

Published
2020
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6. Photo-Writable Sulfide Glasses Used to Fabricate Core-Clad Fiber Doped with Pr3+ for Mid-IR Luminescence

Author

Julie Carcreff, Virginie Nazabal, Johann Troles, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Pascal Masselin, Florent Starecki, Alain Braud, Patrice Camy, and David Le Coq

Subjects
step index sulfide fiber, Pr3+ doped chalcogenide glass, ∆n modification by femtosecond laser, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

With the ultimate goal of developing rare-earth doped chalcogenide fiber fabrication for sensing, amplification, and laser applications, a core/clad germanium-gallium sulfide fiber doped with Pr3+ has been fabricated. The compositions of the core and the clad were selected to ensure the positive ∆n by adding CdI2 and CsCl, respectively, in the GeS2-Ga2S3 matrix. The choice of these compositions was also justified from experimental parameters, including characteristic temperatures and viscosity. Moreover, the permanent photo writability of the sulfide glass family by a femtosecond laser is investigated from the perspective of Bragg grating photo-inscription. Structural investigations by Raman spectroscopy are presented and the effect of the Pr3+ rare-earth ion on the structure is underlined. Finally, the emission of the step-index fiber, made by the rod-in-tube technique between 3.1 µm and 5.5 µm (by pumping at 1.55 µm), is demonstrated.

Published
2022
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7. Tailoring of Multisource Deposition Conditions towards Required Chemical Composition of Thin Films

Author

Jan Gutwirth, Magdaléna Kotrla, Tomáš Halenkovič, Virginie Nazabal, and Petr Němec

Subjects
thin film, deposition, sputtering, co-sputtering, Ga–Sb–Te, calculation, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The model to tailor the required chemical composition of thin films fabricated via multisource deposition, exploiting basic physicochemical constants of source materials, is developed. The model is experimentally verified for the two-source depositions of chalcogenide thin films from Ga–Sb–Te system (tie-lines GaSb–GaTe and GaSb–Te). The thin films are deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering using GaSb, GaTe, and Te targets. Prepared thin films are characterized by means of energy dispersive X-ray analysis coupled with a scanning electron microscope to determine the chemical composition and by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry to establish film thickness. Good agreement between results of calculations and experimentally determined compositions of the co-deposited thin films is achieved for both the above-mentioned tie-lines. Moreover, in spite of all the applied simplifications, the proposed model is robust to be generally used for studies where the influence of thin film composition on their properties is investigated.

Published
2022
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8. Toward Chalcogenide Platform Infrared Sensor Dedicated to the In Situ Detection of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Natural Waters via an Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopy Study

Author

Marion Baillieul, Emeline Baudet, Karine Michel, Jonathan Moreau, Petr Němec, Kada Boukerma, Florent Colas, Joël Charrier, Bruno Bureau, Emmanuel Rinnert, and Virginie Nazabal

Subjects
optical infrared sensor, chalcogenide glasses, mid-infrared, mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, natural waters, BTEXs, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the successful functionalization of the surface of a chalcogenide infrared waveguide with the ultimate goal of developing an infrared micro-sensor device. First, a polyisobutylene coating was selected by testing its physico-chemical compatibility with a Ge-Sb-Se selenide surface. To simulate the chalcogenide platform infrared sensor, the detection of benzene, toluene, and ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes was efficaciously performed using a polyisobutylene layer spin-coated on 1 and 2.5 µm co-sputtered selenide films of Ge28Sb12Se60 composition deposited on a zinc selenide prism used for attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. The thickness of the polymer coating was optimized by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy to achieve the highest possible attenuation of water absorption while maintaining the diffusion rate of the pollutant through the polymer film compatible with the targeted in situ analysis. Then, natural water, i.e., groundwater, wastewater, and seawater, was sampled for detection measurement by means of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. This study is a valuable contribution concerning the functionalization by a hydrophobic polymer compatible with a chalcogenide optical sensor designed to operate in the mid-infrared spectral range to detect in situ organic molecules in natural water.

Published
2021
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9. Ge-Sb-Te Chalcogenide Thin Films Deposited by Nanosecond, Picosecond, and Femtosecond Laser Ablation

Author

Georgiana Bulai, Oana Pompilian, Silviu Gurlui, Petr Nemec, Virginie Nazabal, Nicanor Cimpoesu, Bertrand Chazallon, and Cristian Focsa

Subjects
pulsed laser deposition, chalcogenide thin films, Raman spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Ge-Sb-Te thin films were obtained by ns-, ps-, and fs-pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in various experimental conditions. The thickness of the samples was influenced by the Nd-YAG laser wavelength, fluence, target-to-substrate distance, and deposition time. The topography and chemical analysis results showed that the films deposited by ns-PLD revealed droplets on the surface together with a decreased Te concentration and Sb over-stoichiometry. Thin films with improved surface roughness and chemical compositions close to nominal values were deposited by ps- and fs-PLD. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results showed that the samples obtained with ns pulses were partially crystallized while the lower fluences used in ps- and fs-PLD led to amorphous depositions. The optical parameters of the ns-PLD samples were correlated to their structural properties.

Published
2019
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10. From Selenium- to Tellurium-Based Glass Optical Fibers for Infrared Spectroscopies

Author

Jacques Lucas, Bruno Bureau, Johann Troles, Jean-Louis Doualan, Virginie Nazabal, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Radwan Chahal, and Shuo Cui

Subjects
selenide glass, telluride glass, optical fiber, infrared spectroscopy, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Chalcogenide glasses are based on sulfur, selenium and tellurium elements, and have been studied for several decades regarding different applications. Among them, selenide glasses exhibit excellent infrared transmission in the 1 to 15 µm region. Due to their good thermo-mechanical properties, these glasses could be easily shaped into optical devices such as lenses and optical fibers. During the past decade of research, selenide glass fibers have been proved to be suitable for infrared sensing in an original spectroscopic method named Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS). FEWS has provided very nice and promising results, for example for medical diagnosis. Then, some sophisticated fibers, also based on selenide glasses, were developed: rare-earth doped fibers and microstructured fibers. In parallel, the study of telluride glasses, which can have transmission up to 28 µm due to its atom heaviness, has been intensified thanks to the DARWIN mission led by the European Space Agency (ESA). The development of telluride glass fiber enables a successful observation of CO2 absorption band located around 15 µm. In this paper we review recent results obtained in the Glass and Ceramics Laboratory at Rennes on the development of selenide to telluride glass optical fibers, and their use for spectroscopy from the mid to the far infrared ranges.

Published
2013
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11. Chalcogenide Glass Optical Waveguides for Infrared Biosensing

Author

Bruno Bureau, Florent Colas, Chantal Compère, Kiyoyuki Yanakata, Olivier Loreal, Jenny Le Person, Hervé Lhermite, Joël Charrier, Catherine Boussard-Pledel, Satoru Inoue, Koji Hyodo, Virginie Nazabal, Julie Keirsse, and Marie-Laure Anne

Subjects
chalcogenide, optical sensor, fibre, planar waveguide, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

Due to the remarkable properties of chalcogenide (Chg) glasses, Chg optical waveguides should play a significant role in the development of optical biosensors. This paper describes the fabrication and properties of chalcogenide fibres and planar waveguides. Using optical fibre transparent in the mid-infrared spectral range we have developed a biosensor that can collect information on whole metabolism alterations, rapidly and in situ. Thanks to this sensor it is possible to collect infrared spectra by remote spectroscopy, by simple contact with the sample. In this way, we tried to determine spectral modifications due, on the one hand, to cerebral metabolism alterations caused by a transient focal ischemia in the rat brain and, in the other hand, starvation in the mouse liver. We also applied a microdialysis method, a well known technique for in vivo brain metabolism studies, as reference. In the field of integrated microsensors, reactive ion etching was used to pattern rib waveguides between 2 and 300 μm wide. This technique was used to fabricate Y optical junctions for optical interconnections on chalcogenide amorphous films, which can potentially increase the sensitivity and stability of an optical micro-sensor. The first tests were also carried out to functionalise the Chg planar waveguides with the aim of using them as (bio)sensors.

Published
2009
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15. Challenges and future trends in fiber lasers.

Author

Stefano Taccheo, Kay Schuster, Maurizio Ferrari, Angela B. Seddon, Marian Marciniak, Christopher Taudt, Johann Troles, Gianluca Valentini, Dominik Dorosz, Francesco Prudenzano, Monika Jaeger, Cristiano D'Andrea, Mile Ivanda, Alessandro Chiasera, Slawomir Sujecki, Virginie Nazabal, Daniela Comelli, Hovik V. Baghdasaryan, Tobias Baselt, Peter Hartmann, Antonio Lucianetti, Pavel Peterka, Annett Klotzbach, Jean-Luc Adam, and Hrvoje Gebavi

Published
2016
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19. Carbon dioxide mid-infrared sensing based on Dy3+-doped chalcogenide waveguide photoluminescence

Author

Loïc Bodiou, Marion Baillieul, Virginie Nazabal, Jonathan Lemaitre, Albane Benardais, Sofiane Meziani, Nathalie Lorrain, Yannick Dumeige, Petr Nemec, Joël Charrier, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-17-CE09-0028, ANR-22-CE24-0021], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (MITI interdisciplinary programs (ORIGAMI)), Grantova Agentura CeskS Republiky [22-05179S], ANR-17-CE09-0028,MID-VOC,Circuit optique intégré à base matériaux poreux pour la détection de composés organiques volatiles dans le moyen infrarouge(2017), and ANR-22-CE24-0021,KASHMIR,Sources moyen-infrarouge Silicium par intégration hybride de verres de chalcogénures dopés aux ions de terre rare(2022)

Subjects
[SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

Climate-active gases, notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), display fundamental absorption bands in the mid-infrared (mid-IR). The detection and monitoring of those gases could be enabled by the development of mid-IR optical sources. Broadband mid-IR on-chip light emission from rare-earth-doped chalcogenide photonic integrated circuits could provide a compact, efficient, and cost-effective gas sensing solution. Mid-IR photoluminescence of dysprosium-doped selenide ridge waveguides obtained under optical pumping at a telecommunication wavelength (∼1.3 µm) is investigated for Dy3+ ion concentrations in the 2500–10,000 ppmw range. CO2 detection at around 4.3 µm is then demonstrated based on absorption of this broadband mid-IR emission.

Published
2023
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21. Germanium‐antimony‐selenium‐tellurium thin films: Clusters formation by laser ablation and comparison with clusters from mixtures of elements

Author

Fei Huang, Josef Havel, Virginie Nazabal, Tomáš Halenkovič, Marion Baillieul, Petr Němec, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [1924516S, LM2018103], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of theCzech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports - Czech Republic [MUNI/A/1390/2020], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Materials science, amorphous chalcogenides, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Antimony, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, clusters, Thin film, mass spectrometry, Laser ablation, magnetron sputtering, Ge-Sb-Se-Te, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, thin films, chemistry, laser ablation, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Tellurium, Selenium
Abstract

International audience; Quaternary germanium-antimony-selenium-tellurium (Ge-Sb-Se-Te) thin films deposited from Ge19.4Sb16.7Se63.9-xTex (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20) glass-ceramics targets by radio frequency magnetron sputtering were studied using laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time of flight mass spectrometry. Binary, ternary, and quaternary GeaSbbSecTed clusters were formed and their stoichiometry was determined. By comparison of the clusters obtained from quaternary Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films and those from ternary Ge-Sb-Te materials, we found that Ge-Te species are not detected from the quaternary system. Furthermore, Ge-Se and Se-Te species are missing in mass spectra generated from Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films. From the Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films, 16 clusters were detected while ternary Ge-Sb-Se glasses yielded 26 species. This might be considered as a signal of higher stability of Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films which is increasing with a higher content of Te. The missing (Se-2(+), GeaSb+ (a = 1-4), and GeSec+ (c = 1, 2)) and new (Ge+ and SbbTe+ (b = 1-3)) clusters may indicate that some of the structural features of the films (Ge2Se6/2 and Se2Sb-SbSe2) were replaced by (GeSe4-x,Te-x and SbSe3-xTex) ones. In addition, when comparing the stoichiometry of clusters formed from Ge-Sb-Se-Te thin films with those from the mixtures of the elements, only Sb-3(+) and SbSe+ were observed in both cases. The knowledge gained concerning clusters stoichiometry contributes to the elucidation of the processes proceeding during plasma formation used for the chalcogenide thin films deposition.

Published
2021
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22. Mid-IR emission from integrated rare earth (Dy3+, Pr3+)-doped chalcogenides waveguides for sensing applications

Author

Loic Bodiou, Marion Baillieul, Virginie Nazabal, Jonathan Lemaitre, Albane Benardais, Sofiane Meziani, Nathalie Lorrain, Yannick Dumeige, Petr Nemec, Joël Charrier, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs (ORIGAMI), French national research agency under MID-VOC ANR project [ANR-17-CE09-0028-01], CPER SOPHIE, French Renatech+ Network, Lannion Tregor Communaute, Region Bretagne (grant DESIR), Baets, RG, O'Brien, Vivien, and ANR-17-CE09-0028,MID-VOC,Circuit optique intégré à base matériaux poreux pour la détection de composés organiques volatiles dans le moyen infrarouge(2017)

Subjects
Rare-earth ions, Dysprosium, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, chalcogenides, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Praseodymium, atmospheric sensing, Mid-infrared
Abstract

International audience; The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region is of great interest to many areas of science and technology as it contains two important transparency windows (3-5 and 8-13 mu m) of the Earth's atmosphere and strong characteristic vibrational transitions displayed by a large number of molecules. Praseodymium (Pr3+) and dysprosium (Dy3+) ions feature characteristic transitions in the mid-IR and transmission range of chalcogenides-based materials spans a large part of the mid-IR. The combination of efficient waveguiding properties with mid-IR light emitters would therefore be a key enabler of the development of mid-IR sensors-on-a-chip for health, security and environmental applications. In this paper, RF magnetron co-sputtering is used to deposit a Dy3+/Pr-3 broken vertical bar-doped chalcogenides guiding layer based on the quaternary system composed of Ga, Ge, Sb and Se atoms on silica cladding layer. The fabrication process of straight ridge waveguides using photolithography and RIE/ICP dry etching is then described. Finally, Dy3+ and Pr3+ mid-IR guided photoluminescence around 2.5 and 4.5 mu m is demonstrated at room temperature using co-propagating pumping at telecommunication wavelengths ( respectively around 1.3 and 1.55 mu m).

Published
2022
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23. Comprehensive study of photoinduced changes kinetics in ternary Ge-Sb-Se chalcogenide thin films

Author

Tomas Halenkovic, Magdaléna Kotrla, Jan Gutwirth, Petr Nemec, Virginie Nazabal, University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Czech Science Foundation [22-05179S], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2018103], McLeod, RR, Villalobos, IP, Tomita, Sheridan, and JT

Subjects
thin films, chalcogenides, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, sputtering, photodarkening, photobleaching, photoinduced changes
Abstract

International audience; In this work, the kinetics of photoinduced changes in sputtered ternary Ge29Sb8Se63 chalcogenide thin films with different thicknesses is studied. The optical bandgap energy of virgin thin films is 1.87 +/- 0.02 eV and the refractive index at 1 550 nm is 2.55 +/- 0.01 as determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry using Cody-Lorentz oscillator model. An annealing treatment caused bleaching of thin films resulting in optical bandgap energy increase to 1.96 +/- 0.02 eV accompanied with refractive index decrease down to 2.54 +/- 0.01. Subsequently, the photoinduced shift of the absorption edge was determined by the analysis of transmission data obtained by fibre-coupled high-resolution spectrometer. The irradiation of virgin thin films by near-bandgap light coming from continuous-wave diode-pumped solid-state laser leads to a fast photodarkening (PD) followed by slow photobleaching (PB) effect. The PB effect persists in virgin films and the maximum magnitude of this effect was found in film with the thickness of similar to 350 nm. Rise of the optical bandgap energy was similar to 0.04 +/- 0.02 eV using optical intensity of 125.0 +/- 5.0 mW center dot cm(-2). On the other hand, in annealed thin films, only PD occurs under the same conditions indicating that the PB component of the photoinduced change disappears when the film is annealed. Maximum decrease in optical bandgap energy due to the PD effect in annealed films was about similar to 0.05 +/- 0.02 eV found in film with the thickness of similar to 650 nm. An influence of the thickness and laser optical intensity onto the kinetics of photoinduced changes is discussed.

Published
2022
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24. Anodic bonding of mid-infrared transparent germanate glasses for high pressure - high temperature microfluidic applications

Author

Fabrice Célarié, Sandy Morais, Yannick Ledemi, Samuel Marre, Virginie Nazabal, Younes Messaddeq, Julien Ari, Geoffrey Louvet, Bruno Bureau, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was supported by the Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada [photonics innovation], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique [MI - μHPI], Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Nature et Technologies [strategic cluster], Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [strategic project grant]., ANR-12-SEED-0001,CGSµLab,Micro-laboratoires géologiques sur puce pour l'étude des processus clés du transport réactif multiphasique appliqués au stockage géologique du CO2.(2012), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, Infrared, microfluidics, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, mid- infrared, anodic bonding, high pressure/high temperature, 300 Processing / Synthesis and Recycling, 208 Sensors and actuators, General Materials Science, Germanate, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Germanate glass, [PHYS]Physics [physics], business.industry, mid-infrared, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Optical, Magnetic and Electronic Device Materials, 505 Optical / Molecular spectroscopy, 204 Optics / Optical applications, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Anodic bonding, TA401-492, Optoelectronics, Microreactor, 0210 nano-technology, business, 107 Glass and ceramic materials, TP248.13-248.65, Biotechnology, Microfabrication
Abstract

High pressure/high-temperature microreactors based on silicon-Pyrex® microfabrication technologies have attracted increasing interest in various applications providing optical access in high-pressure flow processes. However, they cannot be coupled to infrared spectroscopy due to the limited optical transparency (up to ~2.7 μm in the infrared region) of the Pyrex® glass substrate employed in the microreactor fabrication. To address this limitation, the alternative approach proposed in this work consists in replacing the Pyrex® glass in the microreactor by a mid-infrared transparent glass with thermal and mechanical properties as close as possible or even better to those of the Pyrex®, including its ability for silicon-wafers coupling by the anodic bonding process. Glasses based on germanate GeO2, known for their excellent transmission in the mid-infrared range and thermal/thermo-mechanical properties, have been thus evaluated and developed for this purpose. The optical, mechanical, thermal and electrical conductivity properties of adapted glass compositions belonging to five vitreous systems have been systemically investigated. The glass composition 70GeO2-15Al2O3-10La2O3-5Na2O (mol.%) was defined as the best candidate and produced in large plates of 50 mm diameter and 1 mm thickness. Anodic bonding tests with Si-wafers have been then successfully conducted, paving the way for the development of fully mid-infrared transparent silicon-glass microreactors., Graphical abstract

Published
2020
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25. Prediction of fatty acids composition in the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss by using Raman micro-spectroscopy

Author

Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Enora Prado, Carole Blay, V. Petit, P. Haffray, Geneviève Corraze, David Causeur, G. Taupier, Virginie Nazabal, L. Labbé, C. Eklouh-Molinier, F. Enez, A. Moreac, J. Bugeon, Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pisciculture Expérimentale INRAE des Monts d'Arrée (PEIMA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Les Sources de l’Avance, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, FranceAgrimer, European Project: PFEA470017FA1000008,Omega-Truite, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes)

Subjects
Docosahexaenoic Acids, Fish farming, adipocytes, Adipose tissue, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, Adipocytes, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Humans, Food science, calibration model, Fatty acids, Spectroscopy, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Ridge regression method, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 010401 analytical chemistry, Fatty Acids, ridge, Eicosapentaenoic acid, rainbow trout, 0104 chemical sciences, Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, regression method, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, Composition (visual arts), lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Gas chromatography, ridge regression method, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Calibration model
Abstract

International audience; The importance of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in food is crucial for the animal and human development and health. As a complementary strategy to nutrition approaches, genetic selection has been suggested to improve fatty acids (FAs) composition in farmed fish. Gas chromatography (GC) is used as a reference method for the quantification of FAs; nevertheless, the high cost prevents large scale phenotyping as needed in breeding programs. Therefore, a calibration by means of Raman scattering spectrometry has been established in order to predict FA composition in rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss adipose tissue. FA composition of visceral adipose tissue was analysed by both GC and Raman micro-spectrometry techniques on 268 individuals fed with three different feeds, which have different FA compositions. Among the possible regression methods, the ridge regression method, was found to be efficient to establish calibration models from the GC and spectral data. The best cross-validated R2 values were obtained for total PUFAs, omega-6 (Ω-6) and omega-3 (Ω-3) PUFA (0.79, 0.83 and 0.66, respectively). For individual Ω-3 PUFAs, α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) and docosahexenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) were found to have the best R2 values (0.82, 0.76 and 0.81, respectively). This study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy could be used to obtain good correlation coefficients on adipocytes allowing to predict PUFAs, and calibration models can be used to predict PUFAs contents for large scale and high throughput phenotyping in rainbow trout

Published
2022
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26. Surface Functionalization with Polymer Membrane or SEIRA Interface to Improve the Sensitivity of Chalcogenide-Based Infrared Sensors Dedicated to the Detection of Organic Molecules

Author

Marion Baillieul, Emmanuel Rinnert, Jonathan Lemaitre, Karine Michel, Florent Colas, Loïc Bodiou, Guillaume Demésy, Seyriu Kakuta, Anna Rumyantseva, Gilles Lerondel, Kada Boukerma, Gilles Renversez, Timothée Toury, Joël Charrier, Virginie Nazabal, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Pardubice, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lumière, nanomatériaux et nanotechnologies (L2n), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR LOUISE project of French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-21-CE04-0011-04], ANR AQUAE project of French National Research Agency (ANR) [22-05179S], IFREMER, Czech Science Foundation (GACR), BRGM, [ANR-15-CE04-0001-01], and ANR-21-CE04-0011,AQUAE,Surveillance de la qualité de l'eau et rémédiation : microcapteur multifonctionnel innovant(2021)

Subjects
General Chemical Engineering, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Chemistry
Abstract

International audience; Priority substances likely to pollute water can be characterized by mid-infrared spectroscopy based on their specific absorption spectral signature. In this work, the detection of volatile aromatic molecules in the aqueous phase by evanescent-wave spectroscopy has been optimized to improve the detection efficiency of future in situ optical sensors based on chalcogenide waveguides. To this end, a hydrophobic polymer was deposited on the surface of a zinc selenide prism using drop and spin-coating methods. To ensure that the water absorption bands will be properly attenuated for the selenide waveguides, two polymers were selected and compared: polyisobu-tylene and ethylene/propylene copolymer coating. The system was tested with benzene, toluene, and ortho-, meta-, and para-xylenes at concentrations ranging from 10 ppb to 40 ppm, and the measured detection limit was determined to be equal to 250 ppb under these analytical conditions using ATR-FTIR. The polyisobutylene membrane is promising for pollutant detection in real waters due to the reproducibility of its deposition on selenide materials, the ease of regeneration, the short response time, and the low ppb detection limit, which could be achieved with the infrared photonic microsensor based on chalcogenide materials. To improve the sensitivity of future infrared microsensors, the use of metallic nanostructures on the surface of chalcogenide waveguides appears to be a relevant way, thanks to the plasmon resonance phenomena. Thus, in addition to preliminary surface-enhanced infrared absorption tests using these materials and a functionalization via a self-assembled monolayer of 4-nitrothiophenol, heterostructures combining gold nanoparticles/chalcogenide waveguides have been successfully fabricated with the aim of proposing a SEIRA microsensor device.

Published
2022
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27. Genetic architecture and genomic selection of fatty acid composition predicted by Raman spectroscopy in rainbow trout

Author

Jonathan D’Ambrosio, Geneviève Corraze, Enora Prado, Pierrick Haffray, David Causeur, Florence Phocas, Jérôme Bugeon, Virginie Nazabal, Florian Enez, Christophe Eklouh-Molinier, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Carole Blay, Vincent Petit, Nicolas Dechamp, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Syndicat des Sélectionneurs Avicoles et Aquacoles Français (SYSAAF), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Les Sources de l’Avance, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Maritime and Fisheries Fund, FranceAgrimer (OmegaTruite project)P FEA470017FA1000008, Université Paris-Saclay-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Genetic correlations, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Docosahexaenoic Acids, QTL, Linoleic acid, QH426-470, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fish meal, Fish Oils, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Genetics, Animals, Humans, GWAS, 14. Life underwater, Genetic variability, Food science, Raman, Accuracy, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Genomic selection, Research, Fatty Acids, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Genomics, Heritability, Fish oil, Fish products, biology.organism_classification, Fatty acid, Trout, Fish, chemistry, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, TP248.13-248.65, Polyunsaturated fatty acid, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background In response to major challenges regarding the supply and sustainability of marine ingredients in aquafeeds, the aquaculture industry has made a large-scale shift toward plant-based substitutions for fish oil and fish meal. But, this also led to lower levels of healthful n−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)—especially eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids—in flesh. One potential solution is to select fish with better abilities to retain or synthesise PUFAs, to increase the efficiency of aquaculture and promote the production of healthier fish products. To this end, we aimed i) to estimate the genetic variability in fatty acid (FA) composition in visceral fat quantified by Raman spectroscopy, with respect to both individual FAs and groups under a feeding regime with limited n-3 PUFAs; ii) to study the genetic and phenotypic correlations between FAs and processing yields- and fat-related traits; iii) to detect QTLs associated with FA composition and identify candidate genes; and iv) to assess the efficiency of genomic selection compared to pedigree-based BLUP selection. Results Proportions of the various FAs in fish were indirectly estimated using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Fish were genotyped using the 57 K SNP Axiom™ Trout Genotyping Array. Following quality control, the final analysis contained 29,652 SNPs from 1382 fish. Heritability estimates for traits ranged from 0.03 ± 0.03 (n-3 PUFAs) to 0.24 ± 0.05 (n-6 PUFAs), confirming the potential for genomic selection. n-3 PUFAs are positively correlated to a decrease in fat deposition in the fillet and in the viscera but negatively correlated to body weight. This highlights the potential interest to combine selection on FA and against fat deposition to improve nutritional merit of aquaculture products. Several QTLs were identified for FA composition, containing multiple candidate genes with indirect links to FA metabolism. In particular, one region on Omy1 was associated with n-6 PUFAs, monounsaturated FAs, linoleic acid, and EPA, while a region on Omy7 had effects on n-6 PUFAs, EPA, and linoleic acid. When we compared the effectiveness of breeding programmes based on genomic selection (using a reference population of 1000 individuals related to selection candidates) or on pedigree-based selection, we found that the former yielded increases in selection accuracy of 12 to 120% depending on the FA trait. Conclusion This study reveals the polygenic genetic architecture for FA composition in rainbow trout and confirms that genomic selection has potential to improve EPA and DHA proportions in aquaculture species.

Published
2021
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28. Insight into the photoinduced phenomena in ternary Ge-Sb-Se sputtered thin films

Author

Tomáš Halenkovič, Magdaléna Kotrla, Jan Gutwirth, Virginie Nazabal, Petr Němec, Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy (LM2018103), and Grantová Agentura České Republiky (22-05179S).

Subjects
Absorption coefficients, Photobleaching, Time evolutions, Photoinduced change, Photoinduced effects, Thin films, Antimony compounds, Photoinduced phenomena, Thin-films, Sputtered thin films, Selenium compounds, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Annealing, As-deposited films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Germanium compounds, Local structure, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Raman scattering spectroscopy
Abstract

The kinetics of photoinduced changes, namely, photobleaching and photodarkening in sputtered ternary Ge 29 Sb 8 Se 63 thin films, was studied. The study of time evolution of the absorption coefficient Δ α ( t ) upon room-temperature near-bandgap irradiation revealed several types of photoinduced effects. The as-deposited films exhibited a fast photodarkening followed by a dominative photobleaching process. Annealed thin films were found to undergo photodarkening only. The local structure studied by Raman scattering spectroscopy showed significant structural changes upon thermal annealing, which are presumably responsible for a transition from the photobleaching observed in as-deposited and reversible photodarkening in annealed thin films. Moreover, a transient photodarkening process was observed in both as-deposited and annealed thin films. The influence of the initial film thickness and laser optical intensity on the kinetics of photoinduced changes is discussed.

Published
2022
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30. Comparison of Clusters Produced from Sb2Se3 Homemade Polycrystalline Material, Thin Films, and Commercial Polycrystalline Bulk Using Laser Desorption Ionization with Time of Flight Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry

Author

Fei Huang, Lubomír Prokeš, Josef Havel, Virginie Nazabal, Petr Němec, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Graphene, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Time of flight, Structural Biology, law, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Mass spectrum, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Quadrupole ion trap, Thin film, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spectroscopy, Stoichiometry
Abstract

This study compared Sb2Se3 material in the form of commercial polycrystalline bulk, sputtered thin film, and homemade polycrystalline material using laser desorption ionization (LDI) time of flight mass spectrometry with quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. It also analyzed the stoichiometry of the SbmSen clusters formed. The results showed that homemade Sb2Se3 bulk was more stable compared to thin film; its mass spectra showed the expected cluster formation. The use of materials for surface-assisted LDI (SALDI), i.e., graphene, graphene oxide, and C60, significantly increased the mass spectra intensity. In total, 19 SbmSen clusters were observed. Six novel, high-mass clusters-Sb4Se4+, Sb5Se3-6+, and Sb7Se4+-were observed for the first time when using paraffin as a protective agent.

Published
2019
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31. Směrem k chalkogenidové platformě infračervených senzorů určených pro in situ detekci aromatických uhlovodíků v přírodních vodách prostřednictvím spektroskopické studie zeslabeným totálním odrazem

Author

Emmanuel Rinnert, Joël Charrier, Marion Baillieul, Jonathan Moreau, Kada Boukerma, Florent Colas, Bruno Bureau, Petr Němec, Virginie Nazabal, Emeline Baudet, Karine Michel, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), University of Pardubice, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR LOUISE French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-15-CE04-0001-01], ANR Remantas project French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-11-ECOT-0010], ANR-Carnot Ifremer-Edrome VRACS project - French National Research Agency (ANR) French National Research Agency (ANR), BRGM-IFREMER interCarnot, Britanny region, ANR-15-CE04-0001,LOUISE,Capteur infrarouge intégré basé sur l'effet SEIRA pour une détection efficace d'une faible concentration d'espèces chimiques et biologiques(2015), ANR-11-ECOT-0010,REMANTAS,Raman Exalté pour Milieux Aquatiques : une Nouvelle Technologie d'Analyse sur Site(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, mono-aromatic hydrocarbons, aromatické uhlovodíky, aromatic hydrocarbons, chalkogenidová skla, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, BTEXs, PAHs, Coating, natural waters, Selenide, optický senzor pro infračervenou oblast spektra, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Zinc selenide, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, tenké vrstvy, mid-infrared, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chalcogenide glasses, 6. Clean water, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, thin films, 13. Climate action, Attenuated total reflection, optical infrared sensor, engineering, Optoelectronics, Surface modification, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the successful functionalization of the surface of a chalcogenide infrared waveguide with the ultimate goal of developing an infrared micro-sensor device. First, a polyisobutylene coating was selected by testing its physico-chemical compatibility with a Ge-Sb-Se selenide surface. To simulate the chalcogenide platform infrared sensor, the detection of benzene, toluene, and ortho-, meta- and para-xylenes was efficaciously performed using a polyisobutylene layer spin-coated on 1 and 2.5 µm co-sputtered selenide films of Ge28Sb12Se60 composition deposited on a zinc selenide prism used for attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. The thickness of the polymer coating was optimized by attenuated total reflection spectroscopy to achieve the highest possible attenuation of water absorption while maintaining the diffusion rate of the pollutant through the polymer film compatible with the targeted in situ analysis. Then, natural water, i.e., groundwater, wastewater, and seawater, was sampled for detection measurement by means of attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. This study is a valuable contribution concerning the functionalization by a hydrophobic polymer compatible with a chalcogenide optical sensor designed to operate in the mid-infrared spectral range to detect in situ organic molecules in natural water.

Published
2021
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32. Study of the Ge20Te80-xSex glassy structures by combining solid state NMR, vibrational spectroscopies and DFT modelling

Author

Michaël Deschamps, Virginie Nazabal, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Eric Furet, Claire Roiland, Bruno Bureau, Claudia Gonçalves, Marc Dussauze, Raphaël Méreau, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of: l’ Agence Nationale de la Recherche for the project IRTeGlass (ANR-14-CE07-0013-03), IDEX Bordeaux (Cluster of Excellence LAPHIA and the allocated grant referred to as ANR-10-IDEX-03-03), and the CNRS project EMERGENCE @INC2019. All IR and Raman experiments have been performed at the platform SIV at University of Bordeaux, funded by the FEDER and the Region Aquitaine., ANR-14-CE07-0013,IRTeGlass,Verres de tellurures en tant que matériaux applicatifs pour l'infrarouge lointain : une approche théorique et spectroscopique(2014), ANR-10-IDEX-0003,IDEX BORDEAUX,Initiative d'excellence de l'Université de Bordeaux(2010), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Inorganic Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Ternary numeral system, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, chemistry, Chemical physics, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, Tellurium, Raman spectroscopy, business
Abstract

International audience; The glassy ternary system Ge-Te-Se is currently receiving an increased attention due to its extended range of transmission in the infrared opening the way to various potential applications in photonics. In this study, a multi-techniques approach combining solid-state NMR, Raman and infrared spectroscopies and DFT calculations provides insight into the organization of the GeSe4-GeTe4 glassy network and allows to clarify a whole structural description of the glassy system. A particular attention is devoted to the presence of mixed GeTe8-xSex structural units and to the type of interconnections forming the glass networks. Such experimental/theoretical approach is provided both for the selenium and the tellurium rich part of the glassy system.

Published
2021
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33. Surface composition and micromasking effect during the etching of amorphous Ge-Sb-Se thin films in SF6 and SF6/Ar plasmas

Author

Emeline Baudet, Christophe Cardinaud, Guillaume Le Dain, Virginie Nazabal, Thibaut Meyer, Ahmed Rhallabi, Aurélie Girard, Petr Němec, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, 19-24516S, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Ge-Sb-Se, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, SF 6, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Physics::Plasma Physics, Etching (microfabrication), Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Physics::Chemical Physics, Thin film, Argon, ICP, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Etching, Fluorine, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Inductively coupled plasma, 0210 nano-technology, Micromasking
Abstract

International audience; A functional waveguide for photonic applications must fulfil some specific requirements in terms of dimension, shape, etch rate and roughness. In this study, Ge-Sb-Se thin films were etched using an Inductively Coupled Plasma reactor via fluorine-based chemistry. In a SF 6 plasma, etch rate and roughness highlight a micro masking effect which originates from the formation of SbF 3 , (Se)-Sb-F x and (Sb)-Se-F environments. The latter have been identified with in situ XPS. Systematically, a SF 6 plasma is associated with a quasi-isotropic profile and a rough surface. In a SF 6 /Ar plasma, the impact of pressure and the argon content has been investigated. The addition of argon affects directly the fluorine atom flux and the argon atom flux which were calculated using a global model. It was found that there is a strong coherence between the fluorine atom flux, the proportion of fluorine at the surface and the RMS roughness. A synergistic effect, between ion bombardment and reactive neutral species, is observed when varying both parameters. Surface is free of fluorinated products for a high percentage of argon (95%) and low-pressures (< 4mTorr). A smooth surface and a quasi-vertical profile were achieved in a SF 6 /Ar with a gas mixture ratio 5/95 and at a pressure of 1.5 mTorr.

Published
2021
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34. Laser ablation of Ga-Sb-Te thin films monitored with quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Author

Govinda Mandal, Josef Havel, Petr Němec, Magdaléna Gorylová, Virginie Nazabal, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), University of Pardubice, Synthèse Caractérisation Analyse de la Matière (ScanMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Analytical and Physical and Chemical Methods for Geological, Biological and Synthetic Materials [MUNI/A/1421/2019], Czech Science Foundation Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [19-24516S], Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, amorphous chalcogenides, 02 engineering and technology, Mass spectrometry, Ga-Sb-Te, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, clusters, Thin film, Quadrupole ion trap, 010302 applied physics, Thin layers, Laser ablation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, thin films, quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Ceramics and Composites, Mass spectrum, laser ablation, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 0210 nano-technology, diminishing clusters fragmentation, Stoichiometry
Abstract

International audience; Laser ablation of Ga-Sb-Te chalcogenide thin films prepared by radiofrequency magnetron co-sputtering was monitored with quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QIT-TOF-MS). The mass spectra of 11 thin films of various compositions (Ga: 0-53.1, Sb: 0-52.0, and Te: 0-100.0 at. %) were recorded. Several series of unary (Ga-x, Sb-y, and Te-z) binary (GaxSby, GaxTez, and SbyTez), and ternary GaxSbyTez clusters were identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Stoichiometry of observed clusters was determined. Up to 18 binary clusters (positively and negatively charged) were detected for thin film with low Sb content of 6.5 at. %. The highest number (4) of ternary clusters was observed for thin film with high Te content of 66.7 at. %. The number of generated clusters and their peaks intensity varied according to the chemical composition of thin films. Altogether, 41 clusters were detected. The laser ablation monitoring shows laser-induced fragmentation of thin film structure. The relation of clusters stoichiometries to the chemical composition of thin films is discussed. The fragmentation can be diminished by covering a surface of thin films with paraffin's, glycerol, or trehalose sugar thin layers. The stoichiometry of generated clusters shows partial structural characterization of thin films.

Published
2021
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35. Radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtered Ge-Sb-Te phase change thin films

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Jan Gutwirth, Tomáš Halenkovič, Petr Němec, Marek Bouška, University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Czech Science Foundation Grant Agency of the Czech Republic [18-03823S, LM2018103], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports - Czech Republic, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Thin films, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, Crystallization, Chemical composition, Deposition (law), 010302 applied physics, Orders of magnitude (numbers), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, Wavelength, Phase transitions, Cavity magnetron, Ceramics and Composites, Radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering, 0210 nano-technology, Chalcogenides
Abstract

International audience; Radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering technique with GeTe and Sb2Te3 targets has been used for the deposition of Ge-Sb-Te amorphous thin films. Fabricated layers cover broad region of chemical composition (-17.435.0 at. % of Ge, -14.2-29.0 at. % of Sb) with slight variation in Te content (50.8-53.6 at. % of Te). Upon annealing-induced crystallization, large variations in electrical contrast up to eight orders of magnitude were found. Phase change from amorphous to crystalline state leads also to drastic changes of optical functions demonstrated by optical contrast values up to |delta n|+|delta k| = 2.96 for GeTe layers at Blu-ray wavelength. Reflectivity contrast at Blu-ray wavelength reaches up to -43% with increasing content of GeTe in Ge-Sb-Te thin films, confirming importance of GeTe content in Ge-Sb-Te thin films.

Published
2021
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36. Co-sputtered Pr

Author

Geoffrey, Louvet, Simone, Normani, Loïc, Bodiou, Jan, Gutwirth, Jonathan, Lemaitre, Parastesh, Pirasteh, Jean-Louis, Doualan, Albane, Benardais, Yannick, Ledemi, Younes, Messaddeq, Petr, Němec, Joël, Charrier, and Virginie, Nazabal

Abstract

This work reports on the properties of luminescent waveguides based on quaternary Ga-Ge-Sb-Se amorphous thin films doped with praseodymium. The waveguides were fabricated via magnetron co-sputtering, followed by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The initial thin film thickness and optical properties were assessed and the spectroscopic properties of the waveguides were measured. The measurements show promising results-it is possible to obtain mid-infrared fluorescence at 2.5 and 4.5 µm by injecting near-infrared light at 1.5 µm as the pump beam. By comparing waveguides with various praseodymium concentrations, the optimal doping content for maximum fluorescence intensity was identified to be close to 4100 ppmw. Finally, correlation between the intensity of mid-infrared emission and the width/length of the waveguide is shown.

Published
2020

37. Design of a multimode interferometer-based mid-infrared multispecies gas sensor

Author

Simone Normani, Loïc Bodiou, Petr Nemec, Joël Charrier, Yannick Dumeige, Virginie Nazabal, Geoffrey Louvet, Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Bretagne, project No. 19-24516S, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Lannion Trgor Communaut, Conseil Dpartemental des Ctes dArmor, ANR-17-CE09-0028,MID-VOC,Circuit optique intégré à base matériaux poreux pour la détection de composés organiques volatiles dans le moyen infrarouge(2017), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Materials science, Interference (wave propagation), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Photonic integrated circuits, Amorphous materials, Optics, law, Insertion loss, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Diplexer, Instrumentation, Infrared spectroscopy, Optical strip waveguide components, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Photonic integrated circuit, Chalcogenides thin films, Environmental monitoring, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Mid-Infrared sensors, Interferometry, Optical Waveguides and Components, Integrated circuit design, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Light emission, Luminescent devices, Praseodymium Category: Optical Waveguides and Components, business, Beam splitter
Abstract

A $1\times 2$ multimode interferometer beam splitter based on mid-infrared emitting chalcogenides waveguides is designed. This device multiplexes mid-infrared light in two channels whose respective passbands overlap either CO2 or CO absorption bands, respectively between 4.20- $4.32~\mu \text{m}$ and 4.50- $4.86~\mu \text{m}$ . The proposed device offers a low-cost solution for monolithic combination of broadband on-chip mid-infrared light emission with dispersive spectroscopic element devoted to mid-IR multigas sensing applications. Based on restrictive interference mechanism in a $1\times 2$ multimode interferometer, the multimode section dimensions (width and length) are engineered to increase the imbalance between the two ports for the two passbands and consequently to increase the output contrast ratio. Tolerances to variations from the optimum device design resulting from processing conditions (materials fabrication and sputtering, photolithography and dry etching steps) are assessed. In particular, the $1\times 2$ multimode interferometer diplexer spectral transmission is investigated as a function of deposited film refractive index and multimode section dimensions (width and length) deviation from designed values. Input and output ports tapering is introduced to reduce the device insertion loss.

Published
2020
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38. Deformation of a chalcogenide glass film under optical modulated excitation

Author

Jean-Christophe Sangleboeuf, Janine Emile, Yann Gueguen, Virginie Nazabal, Olivier Emile, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pardubice, Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)

Subjects
Optical excitation, Materials science, Chalcogenide, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Materials Chemistry, Thin film, 010302 applied physics, Surface tension, business.industry, Borosilicate glass, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Mechanical resonance
Abstract

International audience; We report a significant thinning of an amorphous chalcogenide film (at least 5% of its initial thickness) from the Ge-Sb-Se system deposited by RF magnetron sputtering method on a borosilicate substrate, namely a BK7. This phenomenon is due to a resonant symmetric vibration mode at a low frequency, in the tens of Hertz range. By exciting the material with modulated near-infrared light (lambda = 1.55 mu m), we observe three transmission peaks of a probing light at slightly different frequencies of modulation. We assign these resonances to the air/chalcogenide, chalcogenide/BK7 and BK7/air interfaces. Under the effect of the optical modulated radiation pressure, the mechanical deformations of these interfaces show the contribution of associated surface tensions.

Published
2020
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39. Comparative study of Er3+-doped Ga-Ge-Sb-S thin films fabricated by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Florent Starecki, Simone Normani, Marek Bouška, Jean-Luc Adam, Petr Němec, Younes Messaddeq, Jean-Louis Doualan, Yannick Ledemi, Geoffrey Louvet, Jan Gutwirth, Emeline Baudet, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pardubice, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Chalcogenide, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Pulsed laser deposition, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Doping, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Despite the renewed interest in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses lying mainly in mid-infrared applications, a few comprehensive studies so far have presented the photoluminescence of amorphous chalcogenide films from visible to mid-infrared. This work reports the fabrication of luminescent quaternary sulfide thin films using radio-frequency sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the characterization of their chemical composition, morphology, structure, refractive index and Er3+ photoluminescence. The study of Er3+ 4I13/2 level lifetimes enables developing suitable deposition parameters; the dependency of composition, structural and spectroscopic properties on deposition parameters provides a way to tailor the RE-doped thin film properties. The surface roughness is very low for both deposition methods, ensuring reasonable propagation optical losses. The effects of annealing on the sulfide films spectroscopy and lifetimes were assessed. PLD appears consistent composition-wise, and largely independent of the deposition conditions, but radiofrequency magnetron sputtering seems to be more versatile, as one may tailor the film properties through deposition parameters manipulation. The luminescence via rare earth-doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunications or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.

Published
2020
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40. GaTe-Sb

Author

Marek, Bouška, Virginie, Nazabal, Jan, Gutwirth, Tomáš, Halenkovič, Jan, Přikryl, Simone, Normani, and Petr, Němec

Abstract

A radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering technique exploiting GaTe and ${\rm Sb}_2 {\rm Te}_3$Sb

Published
2020

41. Comparative study of Er

Author

Simone, Normani, Geoffrey, Louvet, Emeline, Baudet, Marek, Bouška, Jan, Gutwirth, Florent, Starecki, Jean-Louis, Doualan, Yannick, Ledemi, Younes, Messaddeq, Jean-Luc, Adam, Petr, Němec, and Virginie, Nazabal

Subjects
Glasses, Optical materials, Lasers, LEDs and light sources, Article, Materials science, Materials for optics
Abstract

Despite the renewed interest in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses lying mainly in mid-infrared applications, a few comprehensive studies so far have presented the photoluminescence of amorphous chalcogenide films from visible to mid-infrared. This work reports the fabrication of luminescent quaternary sulfide thin films using radio-frequency sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the characterization of their chemical composition, morphology, structure, refractive index and Er3+ photoluminescence. The study of Er3+ 4I13/2 level lifetimes enables developing suitable deposition parameters; the dependency of composition, structural and spectroscopic properties on deposition parameters provides a way to tailor the RE-doped thin film properties. The surface roughness is very low for both deposition methods, ensuring reasonable propagation optical losses. The effects of annealing on the sulfide films spectroscopy and lifetimes were assessed. PLD appears consistent composition-wise, and largely independent of the deposition conditions, but radiofrequency magnetron sputtering seems to be more versatile, as one may tailor the film properties through deposition parameters manipulation. The luminescence via rare earth-doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunications or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.

Published
2020

42. Dy3+ doped GaGeSbSe fiber long-wave infrared emission

Author

Julien Ari, Florent Starecki, Geoffrey Louvet, Radwan Chahal, Virginie Nazabal, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Patrice Camy, Alain Braud, I. Hafienne, J.L. Doualan, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR ANR-15-CE39-0007, ANR-15-CE39-0007,OPTIGAS,Capteur tout optique infrarouge pour gaz dangereux(2015), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
optical fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide glasses, Chalcogenide, Infrared, rare earth, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, law.invention, Optical pumping, chemistry.chemical_compound, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Diode, business.industry, Doping, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, infrared, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Luminescence
Abstract

International audience; We report on the mid-wave infrared (MWIR) and long-wave infrared (LWIR) emissions of a 1000 ppm Dy 3+ doped Ga 5 Ge 20 Sb 10 Se 65 chalcogenide fiber. Following a shortwave infrared (SWIR) optical pumping at 0.92, 1.12 and 1.32 µm using commercial laser diodes, LWIR luminescence around 7.3 µm (6 H 7/2 → 6 H 9/2 transition) was recorded for the first time to the best of our knowledge along with MWIR emissions around 4.3 µm and 5.4 µm with a Dy 3+ doped Ga 5 Ge 20 Sb 10 Se 65 fiber. Frequency dependent spectroscopic investigation clearly shows that this LWIR luminescence originates from the 6 H 7/2 manifold. Spectroscopic properties of this Dy 3+ doped material and the comparison with its equivalent sulfide Dy 3+ :Ga 5 Ge 20 Sb 10 S 65 glass are presented.

Published
2020
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43. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of co-sputtered Ge-Sb-Se amorphous thin films

Author

Virginie Nazabal, Gilles Renversez, Marek Bouška, Tomáš Halenkovič, Mathieu Chauvet, Jan Gutwirth, Petr Němec, Tintu Kuriakose, University of Pardubice, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR ANR-15-CE04-0001-01, ANR-15-CE04-0001,LOUISE,Capteur infrarouge intégré basé sur l'effet SEIRA pour une détection efficace d'une faible concentration d'espèces chimiques et biologiques(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], ATHENA (ATHENA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nonlinear optics, Optical films, Thin films, Antimony compounds, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Non-linear optical, Selenium compounds, 010309 optics, Germanium compounds, Nonlinear optical, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Arsenic compounds, Pseudo-binary systems, Integrated platform, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, Amorphous thin films, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Two photon absorption, Physics, Photons, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Economic and social effects, Optical properties, business.industry, Linear optical properties, Co-sputtered films, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Two photon processes, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amorphous solid, Crystallography, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), Linear and nonlinear optical properties, Kerr electrooptical effect, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se thin films were co-sputtered from G e S e 4 and S b 2 S e 3 targets. Depending on the film composition, linear optical properties were studied by ellipsometry. The Kerr coefficient and two-photon absorption coefficient were estimated using Sheik-Bahae’s formalism for co-sputtered films of G e S e 4 - S b 2 S e 3 compared to G e S e 2 - S b 2 S e 3 pseudo-binary system and A s 2 S e 3 as reference. The Kerr coefficient was found within the range of 4.9 – − 21 × 10 − 18 . Quantitatively by means of a figure of merit at 1.55 µm, thin films with compositions of G e 7 S b 25 S e 68 and G e 9 S b 20 S e 71 having an estimated Kerr coefficient of about 10.1 × 10 − 18 m 2 W − 1 and 13.4 × 10 − 18 m 2 W − 1 should be considered for the future nonlinear optical integrated platforms. Such compositions being close to ( G e S e 4 ) 50 ( S b 2 S e 3 ) 50 pseudo-binary (i.e., G e 7.5 S b 25.0 S e 67.5 ) provides just the trade-off between a high Kerr coefficient and low optical losses related to two-photon absorption.

Published
2020
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44. Amorphous Ga-Sb-Se thin films fabricated by co-sputtering

Author

Marek Bouška, Tomáš Halenkovič, Virginie Nazabal, Laurent Calvez, Petr Němec, Jan Gutwirth, Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics [University of Pardubice], Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice-University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 15-CE04-0001-FN, ANR-15-CE04-0001,LOUISE,Capteur infrarouge intégré basé sur l'effet SEIRA pour une détection efficace d'une faible concentration d'espèces chimiques et biologiques(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Glass forming region, Materials science, Ternary chalcogenides, Band gap, Thin films, Antimony compounds, Analytical chemistry, Refractive index, Inorganic compounds, Photobleaching effect, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Selenium compounds, 010309 optics, Fabrication, Optics, Sputtering, Photosensitivity, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, Amorphous thin films, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photobleaching, business.industry, Gallium compounds, Cosputtering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amorphous solid, Energy gap, Physical vapor deposition, X-ray crystallography, Content (measure theory), 0210 nano-technology, business, Infrared optics, Argon atmospheres
Abstract

Ternary chalcogenides of a Ga–Sb–Se system are prospective materials for potential applications in the field of infrared optics. This Letter deals with the optical properties and photosensitivity of Ga–Sb–Se thin films deposited by co-sputtering, enabling us to fabricate amorphous thin films outside the glass-forming region. The optical bandgap range of 1.92–1.35 eV with corresponding refractive indices at 1.55 µm ranging from 2.47 to 3.33 can be reliably covered using G a 2 S e 3 and S b 2 S e 3 targets. Furthermore, the prolonged irradiation by the near-bandgap light under the pure argon atmosphere leads to the irreversible photo-bleaching effect in fabricated films. The magnitude of this effect decreases monotonically with an increasing antimony content.

Published
2020
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45. Co-sputtered Pr 3+ -doped Ga-Ge-Sb-Se active waveguides for mid-infrared operation

Author

Yannick Ledemi, Younes Messaddeq, Simone Normani, Jean-Louis Doualan, Geoffrey Louvet, Joël Charrier, Albane Benardais, Parastesh Pirasteh, Virginie Nazabal, Jan Gutwirth, Loïc Bodiou, Petr Němec, Jonathan Lemaitre, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Pardubice, Laboratoire d'Optronique, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Région Bretagne, Photonics Innovations for PhD funds, Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada, COST MP1401-STSM, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, OP RDE project CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/16_027/0008008, International Mobility of Researchers at the University of Pardubice, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Praseodymium, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Thin film, Reactive-ion etching, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, business.industry, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amorphous solid, chemistry, Cavity magnetron, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, Inductively coupled plasma, 0210 nano-technology, Luminescence, business
Abstract

This work reports on the properties of luminescent waveguides based on quaternary Ga-Ge-Sb-Se amorphous thin films doped with praseodymium. The waveguides were fabricated via magnetron co-sputtering, followed by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching. The initial thin film thickness and optical properties were assessed and the spectroscopic properties of the waveguides were measured. The measurements show promising results—it is possible to obtain mid-infrared fluorescence at 2.5 and 4.5 µm by injecting near-infrared light at 1.5 µm as the pump beam. By comparing waveguides with various praseodymium concentrations, the optimal doping content for maximum fluorescence intensity was identified to be close to 4100 ppmw. Finally, correlation between the intensity of mid-infrared emission and the width/length of the waveguide is shown.

Published
2020
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46. GaTe-Sb2Te3 thin-films phase change characteristics

Author

Simone Normani, Jan Gutwirth, Petr Němec, Jan Přikryl, Virginie Nazabal, Tomáš Halenkovič, Marek Bouška, Faculty of Chemical Technology [University of Pardubice], University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 18-03823S, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Phase transition, Chemical compositions, Materials science, Optical contrast, Annealing (metallurgy), Thin films, Antimony compounds, 02 engineering and technology, Ga-Sb-Te, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Phase change, Tellurium compounds, Optics, law, Phase Change, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Crystallization, Thin film, Optical function, business.industry, Gallium compounds, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Magnetrons, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amorphous solid, Crystallography, Crystalline state, X-ray crystallography, Radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering technique exploiting GaTe and S b 2 T e 3 targets was used for the fabrication of Ga–Sb–Te thin films. Prepared layers cover broad region of chemical composition ( ∼ 10.0 − 26.3 a t . % of Ga, ∼ 19.9 − 34.4 a t . % of Sb) while keeping Te content fairly constant (53.8–55.6 at. % of Te). Upon crystallization induced by annealing, large variations in electrical contrast were found, reaching a sheet resistance ratio of R a n n e a l e d / R a s − d e p o s i t e d ∼ 2.2 × 10 − 8 for the G a 26.3 S b 19.9 T e 53.8 layer. Phase transition from the amorphous to crystalline state further leads to huge changes of optical functions demonstrated by optical contrast values up to | Δ n | + | Δ k | = 4.20 for G a 26.3 S b 19.9 T e 53.8 composition.

Published
2020
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47. Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se thin films fabricated by co-sputtering: Properties and photosensitivity

Author

Tomáš Halenkovič, Yann Gueguen, Virginie Nazabal, Emeline Baudet, Jean-Christophe Sangleboeuf, Marion Specht, Petr Němec, Jan Gutwirth, University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-15-CE04-0001-01], Grantova Agentura Ceske Republiky [16-17921S], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2015082, CZ.1.05/4.1.00/11.0251], ANR-15-CE04-0001,LOUISE,Capteur infrarouge intégré basé sur l'effet SEIRA pour une détection efficace d'une faible concentration d'espèces chimiques et biologiques(2015), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, amorphous chalcogenides, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, optical materials, Sputtering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, Spectroscopy, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, magnetron sputtering, business.industry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Sputter deposition, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Photobleaching, Amorphous solid, thin films, properties, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index
Abstract

International audience; Amorphous Ge-Sb-Se thin films were fabricated by a rf-magnetron co-sputtering technique employing the following cathodes GeSe2, Sb2Se3, and Ge28Sb12Se60. The influence of the composition, determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, on the optical properties was studied. Optical properties were analyzed based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry. The results show that the optical bandgap range 1.35-2.08 eV with corresponding refractive index ranging from 3.33 to 2.36 can be reliably covered. Furthermore, morphological and topographical properties of selenide-sputtered films studied by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed a good quality of fabricated films. In addition, structure of the films was controlled using Raman scattering spectroscopy. Finally, irreversible photoinduced changes by means of change in optical bandgap energy and refractive index of co-sputtered films were studied revealing the photobleaching effect in Ge-rich films when irradiated by near-bandgap light under Ar atmosphere. The photobleaching effect tends to decrease with increasing antimony content.

Published
2018
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48. Te-As-Se glass destabilization using high energy milling

Author

Laurent Calvez, Virginie Nazabal, Anna Novikova, Bruno Bureau, Thierry Jouan, Xianghua Zhang, Enora Lavanant, Claudia Goncalves, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Histoire et Sources des Mondes antiques (HiSoMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University, The authors wish to warmly thank the DGA (‘Délégation Française de l'Armement’) and the Brittany Region for having funded these works., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Sintering, Spark plasma sintering, 02 engineering and technology, Raw material, Hot pressing, glasses, 01 natural sciences, mechanical alloying, law.invention, chalcogenide, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Crystallization, Spark Plasma Sintering, 010302 applied physics, sintering, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; The Te 20 As 30 Se 50 (TAS) glass has been studied under the extreme conditions of high energy milling. Starting from the raw materials, an amorphization process occurs progressively reaching an unstable intermediate state and the final stable state then. Despite its high resistance against crystallization when made using silica tubes, an intermediate state is reached when mechanically alloyed into powder. The evolution of the glass structure has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and MAS NMR of 77 Se according to the milling time. Optimized parameters and conditions to compact milled powders by Spark Plasma Sintering show the possibility to design infrared windows transparent from 2 to 20µm. A correlation to the thermo-mechanical properties of densified powder using hot pressing has been made.

Published
2018
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49. All-optical carbon dioxide remote sensing using rare earth doped chalcogenide fibers

Author

Julien Ari, Jean-Louis Doualan, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Alain Braud, Florent Starecki, Karine Michel, Virginie Nazabal, Patrice Camy, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
Wavelength conversion, Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Phonon, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, MWIR sources, Ion, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Rare earth, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CO2 detection, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Detector, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Chalcogenide fibers
Abstract

As many fundamental spectroscopic signatures associated to gases of interest are in the 2.5 – 15 µm spectral range (4000–350 cm−1), gases can be detected using efficient infrared (IR) emissions from rare earth (RE) ions embedded into chalcogenide glasses, which are well-known for having low phonon energies. An all-optical IR fiber sensor for in-situ carbon dioxide monitoring was developed. The 4.3 µm mid-IR source probing the gas absorption in this sensor is a Dy3+ doped GaGeSbS fluorescent chalcogenide fiber. Following the 4.3 µm partial absorption by CO2, a wavelength conversion from 4.3 µm to 808 nm is implemented using excited state absorption (ESA) mechanisms in Er3+ doped GaGeSbS bulk glasses or fibers. This wavelength conversion allows the use of silica fibers to transport the 808 nm converted signal. This all-optical sensor with a sensitivity of few hundreds of ppm can be typically deployed over the kilometer range, making this tool suitable for field operations. The photon conversion principle used in this gas sensor could be implemented as a general mean to detect infrared radiations using visible or near-IR detectors instead of mid-infrared detectors.

Published
2019
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50. Mass spectrometric investigation of amorphous Ga-Sb-Se thin films

Author

Lubomír Prokeš, Pankaj Lochan Bora, Marek Bouška, Virginie Nazabal, Tomáš Halenkovič, Petr Němec, Josef Havel, Lukáš Pečinka, Jan Gutwirth, Ravi Mawale, University of Pardubice, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Czech Science Foundation [18-03823S], CESNET [LM2015042], CEPLANT, the project RandD center for low-cost plasma and nanotechnology surface modifications - European Regional Development Fund [CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0086], Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0058], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Materials science, magnetronové naprašování, Chalcogenide, amorphous chalcogenides, Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, Mass spectrometry, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Surfaces, interfaces and thin films, hmotnostní spektrometrie, 0302 clinical medicine, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, law, amorfní chalkogenidy, Thin film, lcsh:Science, mass spectrometry, Multidisciplinary, Laser ablation, magnetron sputtering, lcsh:R, tenké vrstvy, Laser, Amorphous solid, 030104 developmental biology, thin films, chemistry, lcsh:Q, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stoichiometry
Abstract

Amorphous chalcogenide thin films are widely studied due to their enhanced properties and extensive applications. Here, we have studied amorphous Ga-Sb-Se chalcogenide thin films prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, via laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of the generated clusters was determined which gives information about individual species present in the plasma plume originating from the interaction of amorphous chalcogenides with high energy laser pulses. Seven different compositions of thin films (Ga content 7.6-31.7 at. %, Sb content 5.2-31.2 at. %, Se content 61.2-63.3 at. %) were studied and in each case about -50 different clusters were identified in positive and -20-30 clusters in negative ion mode. Finally, for selected binary and ternary clusters, their structure was calculated by using DFT optimization procedure. Amorfní chalkogenidové tenké vrstvy jsou široce studovány s ohledem na jejich vlastnosti a rozsáhlé aplikace. V této práci jsme studovali amorfní chalkogenidové tenké vrstvy Ga-Sb-Se připravené magnetronovým vícekatodovým naprašováním s pomocí time-of-flight hmotnostní spektrometrie s laserovou ablací a kvadrupólovou iontovou pastí. Dále byla určena stechiometrie generovaných klastrů, což dává informace o jednotlivých částicích přítomných v plazmatu, které vznikají při interakci amorfních chalkogenidů s vysoce energetickými laserovými pulzy. Bylo studováno sedm různých složení tenkých vrstev (obsah Ga 7,6-31,7 at. %, obsah Sb 5,2-31,2 at. %, obsah Se 61,2-63,3 at. %) a ve všech případech bylo identifikováno asi 50 různých klastrů v pozitivním iontovém módu a 20-30 v negativním módu. Pro vybrané binární a ternární klastry byla pomocí DFT optimalizační procedury vypočtena jejich struktura.

Published
2019
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