Virginie Dubosclard, Yamina Hamel, Elodie Bal, Capucine Picard, Alessandra Pescatore, Christine Bodemer, Emmanuel Laplantine, Ghislaine Royer, Smail Hadj-Rabia, Robert Weil, Arnold Munnich, Jean-Paul Bonnefont, J Steffann, Fabrice Agou, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Pierre Vabres, Asma Smahi, Valeria M. Ursini, Bertrand Boisson, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Signalisation et Pathogénèse, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Biologie cellulaire et infection - Department of Cell Biology and infection (BCI), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Département de Biologie structurale et Chimie - Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Rockefeller University [New York], Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso', CNR (IGB), Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Biologie cellulaire et infection ( BCI ), Département de Biologie structurale et Chimie, The Rockefeller University [New-York], Institute of Genetics and Biophysics 'Adriano Buzzati-Traverso', CNR ( IGB ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
International audience; BackgroundIncontinentia pigmenti (IP; MIM308300) is a severe, male-lethal, X-linked, dominant genodermatosis resulting from loss-of-function mutations in the IKBKG gene encoding nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) essential modulator (NEMO; the regulatory subunit of the IκB kinase [IKK] complex). In 80% of cases of IP, the deletion of exons 4 to 10 leads to the absence of NEMO and total inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Here we describe a new IKBKG mutation responsible for IP resulting in an inactive truncated form of NEMO.; ObjectivesWe sought to identify the mechanism or mechanisms by which the truncated NEMO protein inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway.; MethodsWe sequenced the IKBKG gene in patients with IP and performed complementation and transactivation assays in NEMO-deficient cells. We also used immunoprecipitation assays, immunoblotting, and an in situ proximity ligation assay to characterize the truncated NEMO protein interactions with IKK-α, IKK-β, TNF receptor-associated factor 6, TNF receptor-associated factor 2, receptor-interacting protein 1, Hemo-oxidized iron regulatory protein 2 ligase 1 (HOIL-1), HOIL-1-interacting protein, and SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein. Lastly, we assessed NEMO linear ubiquitination using immunoblotting and investigated the formation of NEMO-containing structures (using immunostaining and confocal microscopy) after cell stimulation with IL-1β.; ResultsWe identified a novel splice mutation in IKBKG (c.518+2T>G, resulting in an in-frame deletion: p.DelQ134_R256). The mutant NEMO lacked part of the CC1 coiled-coil and HLX2 helical domain. The p.DelQ134_R256 mutation caused inhibition of NF-κB signaling, although the truncated NEMO protein interacted with proteins involved in activation of NF-κB signaling. The IL-1β-induced formation of NEMO-containing structures was impaired in fibroblasts from patients with IP carrying the truncated NEMO form (as also observed in HOIL-1(-/-) cells). The truncated NEMO interaction with SHANK-associated RH domain-interacting protein was impaired in a male fetus with IP, leading to defective linear ubiquitination.; ConclusionWe identified a hitherto unreported disease mechanism (defective linear ubiquitination) in patients with IP.