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The term transposition is used to refer to an interchange in the position of 2 adjacent teeth within the same quadrant of the dental arch.In complete transposition, both the crowns and the entire root structures of the involved teeth are found parallel in their transposed positions. In incomplete transposition (also called “pseudo” or “partial” transposition) the crowns may be transposed while the root apices remain in their normal positions. Unilateral transposition has been reported more often than bilateral transposition, with the left side being somewhat more frequently involved than the right side. The only dental anomaly that has an apparent association with maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition is increased third molar agenesis.Treatment of maxillary canine-lateral incisor transposition depends on many factors like the condition of the root of central incisors, shape of lateral incisors, need of extraction because of either severe crowding or profile improvement, etc. Here, we are going to present the management of a rare case report of maxillary right lateral incisor-canine pseudotransposition with minimum available space and agenesis of mandibular third molars.

To evaluate microbial corrosion by weight loss, microbial corrosion and elemental analysis of NiTi and stainless wires after period of 2 months in streptococcus mutans containing media. Percentage change in weight after 2 months is 1.7% and 0.8% in NiTi & SS respectively. Elemental analysis of NiTi wire in streptococcus containing media showed decrease in Ni by 2.9% by weight and Ti decreased 3.07% by weight due to leaching of Ni and Ti from the surface of wires. In stainless steel wire, there was decrease in Fe by 8.82% and Cr 1.39% by weight. Significant microbial corrosion was observed in NiTi wires as compared with SS wires may be attributed to the surface roughness of NiTi wires. However, the role of biofilm is dual and remained controversial due to being protective and corrosive.

This letter is on observability of discrete-time LTI systems under unknown piece-wise constant inputs with sufficiently slow, but arbitrary update times. Assuming knowledge of the update times, we characterize the unobservable subspace and show that with sufficiently many measurements in each inter-update interval of the input, the unobservable subspace remains fixed. We explore the implications of the result for privacy in event-triggered control through an illustrative example.

Objective This systematic review was aimed to find out possible predictive variables measured on panoramic radiographs to predict spontaneous eruption of palatally displaced canine (PDC) after interceptive extraction in late mixed dentition. Materials and methods Electronic database searches were performed in MEDLINE, Cochrane’s CENTRAL, Scopus, and in other sources up to June 2020. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, and pre-post prospective studies without control groups were considered for review. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment (by RoB 2.0, ROBINS-I, and NHLBI score), and the certainty of evidence evaluation (GRADE approach) were performed during reviewing process. Only qualitative analyses of included literature were done due to presence of between study heterogeneity. Results Out of 970 retrieved records, 3 controlled trials and 3 prospective before and after studies without control fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Studies were assessed at low risk to high risk of bias. Overall certainty was moderate to very low. Results shows that PDCs in distal sectors, lower alpha angle, younger subjects, PDCs with less advanced developed root were significantly benefited from interceptive extraction. However, Vertical distance had insignificant roll on eruption prediction. Conclusions Interceptive extraction at younger age, mesial canine crown position (sectors), and mesial inclination of PDC (alpha angulation) are the most important variables predicting the spontaneous eruption of palatally displaced canine. Findings of this review can be utilized to make evidence-based decisions for managing PDCs with diverse sectors and mesial inclinations. However, well designed clinical trials are recommended to strengthen the evidence.

To evaluate the effectiveness of different diagnostic variables measured on panoramic radiographs (PAN) to predict spontaneous eruption of palatally displaced canine (PDC) after interceptive extraction in late mixed dentition.Digital databases (MEDLINE, CENTRAL (Cochrane), Scopus, clinicaltrials.gov, ISRCTN registry) and hand searches were performed up to March 2020. Both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials were considered for the review. Study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment (RoB2.0 and ROBINS-I), and the certainty of evidence evaluation (GRADE) were performed according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The random-effects method for quantitative synthesis of dichotomous as well as continuous data was used.Out of 767 retrieved records, 4 controlled trials fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Studies were assessed at low risk of bias except one. Overall certainty was strong to moderate. PDCs in distal sectors (RR: 1.621; 95%CI: 1.259 to 2.086; P0.001) and alpha-angle30° (SMD: -1.350; 95%CI: 1.924 to -0.776; P0.001) were significantly benefited from interceptive extraction. However, Vertical distance of PDC cusp tip from occlusal plane had statistically insignificant (p: 0.855) roll on eruption prediction.Interceptive extraction at a younger age, initial horizontal localization (sector position), and alpha-angle (initial mesial inclination) are the most important variables predicting the spontaneous eruption of palatally displaced canines. Findings of this review can be utilized to make evidence-based decisions for managing PDCs with diverse sectors and mesial inclinations. However, well-designed clinical trials are recommended to strengthen the evidence.

In the present work, the phase development and dielectric response of polycrystalline CoFe2O4 has been studied as a function of temperature. The CoFe2O4 was synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The thermal activation of the reactions between precursors were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) to optimize the calcination temperature. The structural studies performed by X-ray diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement shows that CoFe2O4 crystallize in cubic Fd-3 m, conforming to a mixed spinel structure (Co0.95Fe0.05) (Fe0.975Co0.025)2O4. The dielectric studies show a low frequency dispersion, predominantly associated with the Maxwell-Wagner polarization. The real part of ac conductivity, σ ' shows a change of ~ 4 orders in magnitude and follows the modified Jonscher’s law. The derived values of σ dc , comply with Arrhenius behavior with the activation energy of ~ 0.382 eV. The values of exponents range from 0 to 1, indicating the conductivity in measured range is dominated by hopping of charge carriers.

The correlation between the micro-structure and dielectric response of polycrystalline BaBi 4 Ti 4 O 15 (BBT) has been studied. A comparative study of as sintered and thermally etched single phase BBT pellets shows a significant improvement in the microstructure of latter. Both the samples exhibit characteristic relaxor behaviour with no appreciable change in transition temperature or degree of relaxation. The conductivity (σ′) conform to the Joncher’s power law, with activation energy 0.88 eV in both samples. However, a significant improvement in dielectric constant (ϵ′) ∼ 340 (at 64.2 kHz) was observed for thermally etched BBT.

Objective: To compare and correlate different skeletal patterns by using panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment panoramic radiographs (PR) and lateral cephalograms (LCR) of total 112 selected subjects in the age range of 10 to 15 years were obtained for analysis. Subjects were divided into three groups on the basis of SN-MP angle (Normodivergent=31–34 degree, Hypodivergent 34 degree). Subjects were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, Paired sample t-test and Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation test. Results: All the parameters were higher in PR as compared with LCR (except AHMx and ML/RL) and significant correlation was found between linear and angular variables between two radiographs (highest for PHMn: Group I r=0.867** p=

Supernumerary teeth are frequently found in the maxillary anterior region, largely in permanent dentition (rare in deciduous dentition). Shape of the supernumerary teeth may vary from conical, tueberculate, supplemental to odontome. Mesiodens is a conical type of supernumerary teeth located in the maxillary central incisor region and is generally unerupted. Presence of mesiodens may result in rotation, uneruption, or malalignment of adjacent maxillary incisors. In this article, we present a case report of unusual rotation of maxillary central incisor with impacted mesiodens.

Compromised occlusion because ofscissor' bite can eventually lead to temporomandibular disorders and severe consequences. Wany devices and orthodontic techniques have been proposed for the correction of this defect. Treatment of scissor's bite with the help of cross. elastics between maxillary and mandibular molars may lead to extrusion of molars resulting in increased vertical dimension. Here, we are going to present management of two cases of scissor's bite with the help of modified transpalatal arch.

First class appliance produces rapid distalization of the maxillary first and second molars, even when the second molars are completely erupted. The range of molar distalization is 4-8 mm. It has both buccal and palatal component. Here, we are going to present a technique to reactivate a broken first class appliance for effective distalization.

Introduction Abnormal skeletal jaw relationships is an important factor causing difficulty in speech, mastication, sleep and social interaction, thus affect the overall well being of an individual. Aim The present study was an attempt to decipher the role of human MSX1 in terms of sagittal jaw relationship by employing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based analysis. Materials and methods Ninety-eight case subjects belonging to North India with skeletal Class II and Class III jaw relationships were selected. Further, thirty-five control subjects of the same region having Class I skeletal and dental relationships (normal Jaw relationships) with good alignment of all teeth were enrolled. MSX1 gene sequencing was performed using the subjects' blood samples. Multiple sequence alignment was performed to find Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP's). Nine SNP's were obtained of which seven were reported and two novels. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi square test to compare genotype differences between case and control groups. Results SNP rs186861426 was found to be significantly associated in Class I subjects (p-value=0.02). The sequencing results suggested that individuals having changes from G (guanosine) with A (adenine) genotype had approximately seven times low risk for developing Class II division 1 malocclusion as compared to those alleles having GG genotype and therefore, allele 'A' position on chromosome 4 (rs186861426) seems to have a protective role. Conclusion The study unfolds an important relationship between MSX1 gene and Class II division 1 malocclusion and Class I normal skeletal relationships. The study tried to interpret the role of human MSX1 and extend the gene pool responsible for the skeletal anomalies related to development of abnormal upper and lower jaws.

Machine learning algorithm are used to produce new pattern from compound data set. To cluster the patient heart condition to check whether his /her heart normal or stressed or highly stressed k-means clustering algorithm is applied on the patient dataset. From the results of clustering ,it is hard to elucidate and to obtain the required conclusion from these clusters. Hence another algorithm, the decision tree, is used for the exposition of the clusters of . In this work, integration of decision tree with the help of k-means algorithm is aimed. Another learning technique such as SVM and Logistics regression is used. Heart disease prediction results from SVM and Logistics regression were compared.

To analyze therapeutic and clinical efficacy of mandibular advancement device (MAD) on snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Thirty patients with OSA were recruited on the basis ofpolysomnography with an Apnea and Hypopnea Index (AHI) greater than 5 but less than 30. Repeat polysomnography was performed in follow up with the appliance in place. MAD used in the study is Medical Dental Sleep Appliance (MDSA). It is a titratable appliance. With the appliance in position, the mandible was advanced to an extent that did not exceed 70% of maximum protrusion capacity; Vertical opening did not exceed on an average 3-4 mm beyond freeway space. Comparison of pre AHI scores (diagnostic PSG) with post AHI scores (PSG with OA in-situ) showed a decrease from Mean +/- SD 26.2367 +/- 6.53 to 13.7111 +/- 627. A highly significant (p0.001) improvement in AHI was observed. Pre and post ESS score showed a mean decrease from 14.2333 +/- 5.00 to 6.1481 +/- 2.46 MDSA is effective in reducing apnea hypopnea index scores and improving oxygen saturation level.

Maxillary permanent canines are the basis of an esthetic smile and functional occlusion. There are so many factors that interfere with their normal development and eruption leading to ectopic eruption of canine. Sometimes, the mesial movement of molars also leads to ectopically erupted canine. Various inter- and intra-arch treatment mechanics have been used to direct the eruption of ectopically placed teeth. Here, we use a spring that exerts force in both mesial and distal direction as well as can upright the tooth.

The disadvantages of having orthodontic interventions both before and after orthognathic surgery include a long treatment time of 7-47 months and temporary worsening of facial appearance. Nowadays, the concept of surgery-first, followed by orthodontic treatment is applied to orthognathic surgery cases in different orthodontic centers in the world. This concept and technique is called "surgery-first-orthognathic-approach" or "surgery-first approach" (SFA) rigid fixation (skeletal anchorage system) of the bony segments and regional acceleratory phenomenon were keys to broad implementation of the SFA. This article is intended to provide an overview of SFA including indications, general and specific guidelines, different protocol variations, success rate and potential problems.

We face difficulty in individual canine retraction in the bracket system lacking power arms on the canines. When orthodontic force is applied through the center of resistance (CR), then, tooth translation ensues. Forces applied at a distance from the CR create a moment that tends to rotate and tip the tooth. The tendency of tipping is increased in the bracket system lacking power arm, since, force is applied more occlusally. Hence, we have designed a chair side custom made jig to retract the canines individually.

Temporary bite opening in cases of deep bite and cross bite prevents mandibular and maxillary anterior brackets from being sheared off and allows unobstructed tooth movement. Both removable and fixed bite planes have their limitations. Here, we present a very simple and efficient method to fabricate temporary bite raiser.

Open coil springs in orthodontic tooth movement are frequently used to create space between teeth. During placement, the spring exerts continuous force toward both the ends and in clinics sometimes becomes difficult and it is also time consuming procedure. To overcome this problem, we modified the tweezer design and made modified tweezer (m-tweezer) for greater convenience and safety during the ligation of open coil spring intraorally.