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Background: Stability being the potential of any particular preparation in a noteworthy container/closure set up to abide within its physical, microbiological, chemical, toxicological, therapeutic stipulations which is invariably manifested in respect of shelf-life. Main aim of present analysis is to ascertain the shelf-life of Balachaturbhadrika Syrup prepared with different sweetening agent viz. Sugar (Sample I), Jaggery (Sample II), Honey (Sample III) and Stevia (Sample IV). The study was performed under accelerated storage conditions. Methods: Accelerated stability study was conducted for 3 months as per ICH guideline QA1 (R2) and the changes in physico-chemical traits viz. pH, refractive index, specific gravity, alcohol content and sedimentation rate were inscripted for quadruple alliance of 0, 15, 30 and 90 days. The statistical analysis was done using mean ± SEM, student paired t- test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: Remarkable changes were found in both organoleptic and physico-chemical traits. Extrapolated shelf-life of Sample I, II, III and IV from physico-chemical attributes in conformity with the weather conditions prevailing in India were 73.514 month (6.12 year), 76.080 month (6.340 year), 58.05 month (4.83 year) and 37.05 month (3.09 year) respectively. Conclusion: The syrups prepared using Sugar, Jaggery and Honey were found to be more stable than those prepared using Stevia as the value of physical parameters was found more prominent for honey, jaggery and sugar.

The present work discusses the effects of Electrolytically deposited chromium coating on the Tribological behaviour of piston ring material. The frictional behaviours were evaluated using the linear reciprocating Tribometer under varying conditions of load and temperature. Test temperatures of 25, 50, and 100 degrees Celsius and loads of 20, 30, and 40N were applied during the tests to obtain the wear response of the coating under conditions similar to real piston cylinder/ring friction conditions. Tests were carried out with a constant sliding speed of 0.1 m/s. Optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope were used to analyze the nature of wear. It has been found that for lubricated or non-lubricated and coated or uncoated specimens, on increasing load, wear and surface roughness both increased for pins and plates. For dry conditions and a fixed load of 30N, wear of coated pins is found to be increasing with temperature from 25॰C to 100॰C, but plate wear shows a fully opposite variation in wear with increasing temperature thus wear decreased. Therefore, a substantial resistance to wear has been achieved by the hard chromium coating of pins.

The aim of the current research is to compare the surface roughness models based on the Box–Behnken Design and Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm-based artificial neural networks. For prediction of the surface roughness of magnetic abrasive flow machining (MAFM) finished rare earth oxides (REOs) aluminium composites, Box–Behnken Design models were developed using three-level factorial design as magnetic flux density, number of cycles and extrusion pressure as process parameters. The artificial neural networks predictive models of surface roughness were developed using feed forward back propagation network procedures called the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm. Also, an attempt has been made to compare the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm-based artificial neural networks and Box–Behnken Design for the modeling of surface roughness results. The value of coefficient of determination for the Box–Behnken Design model is found to be high ( R2 = 0.9737), which is an indication of good fit for the model with high significance. The percentage error for the Box–Behnken Design model is observed to be more as compared to the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm-based artificial neural networks model. The comparison evidently indicates that the prediction capabilities of trained artificial neural networks models are far better than the Box–Behnken Design models. Further, specimens were examined using atomic force microscopy for three-dimensional surface profiles.

Rare earth particulates are known as the “seed of technology.” Due to this in the last few years, the research based on rare earth particulate composite materials and structures (REPCMS) is remarkably increased. In this paper, a review of published papers that are related to mechanical properties along with their microstructure of rare earth composites was done. REPCMS are generally used for a variety of functions apart from primary functions that provide high specific stiffness, superior high-temperature mechanical properties and excellent oxidation resistance. In contrast non-structural functions provide glass polishing, rare earth catalysts used in pollution control, magnets of motors and generators, cell phones and electric vehicle batteries, sports goods and wind turbine magnets for energy harvesting. Many of the recent developments focused on the applications of REPCMS such as predator drones, F-22 fighter jet, Tomahawk Cruise Missile, intelligent bombs, night vision goggles, radar detection, nuclear submarines, nanomaterials, biomechanics, hydrophobicity applications, condensation and evaporation phenomenon. This paper portraits the fabrication of composites with improved mechanical and metallurgical characterization by reinforcing rare earth particulate. Also, the study describes the potential application of aluminum composites with rare earth which suits for automotive, defense and space fields. Some suggestions regarding future research needs are also presented in the paper.

Mucoadhesive microspheres have their own significant amongst the various sustained release drug delivery systems. The prolonged residence time of these delivery devices at drug absorption site results in steep concentration gradient and enhanced bioavailability. In this study, the mucilage of Isabgol husk was applied as polymeric backbone to develop gliclazide loaded microspheres by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. The formulations were studied for surface morphology, swelling behavior, particle size

This article aims to evaluate the effect of ceria oxide as rare earth oxides (REOs) on the tribological properties of aluminum hybrid composites with varied concentrations of reinforcing elements such as silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, and ceria oxide. In order to accomplish this, composites were produced by varying the percentage of SiC/Al2O3 in the Al-6061 matrix from 2.5 to 7.5 wt% and the quantity of CeO2 from 0.5 to 2.5 wt%. The formation of the intermetallic phase (Al4Ce3) as a result of the integration of cerium oxide into aluminum composites at concentrations between 0.5 and 2.5 wt% results in a wear rate improvement of up to 87.28%. The objective of developing Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LMA) neural networks is to forecast how the tribological behavior of hybrid composites would be altered by the addition of REOs based on data acquired from wear testing. The correlation value (R) and mean square error are found to be 0.987 and 4.3424e−10, respectively, which is an indication of good fit for the model with high significance. The findings indicate that the LMA neural network models accurately forecast the tribological properties of REOs–aluminum hybrid composites.

Mechanical characteristics and tribological behavior of aluminum (Al6063) matrix composites (AMCs), fabricated using different compositions of SiC particles and mixed rare earth particulates (REP) ...

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point in a soft cone metric space are discussed for a single self-mapping using expanding and comparison function in the setting of cone metric space for random operator. These established results improve and modify some existing results in the literature. The obtained results are very useful in mechanical engineering and digital electronics. To find the results the fundamental result Banach contraction principal, is used. The established results satisfied the previous well known results.

Hydrophobic surfaces have shown promising applications in the field of energy, medicines, transportation and aerospace. Currently used materials including metals, alloys and metal matrix composites have shown hydrophilic behaviour and require some alternatives materials in order to make them hydrophobic. However, these alternatives materials go down in severe environmental conditions. Instead of alternative materials to be called as surface modifier, the addition of lanthanides series rare-earth-oxides (REOs) as reinforcement for class of aluminium hybrid composites is studied for their effect on hydrophobic properties. Wettability behavior analysis between the aluminium liquid matrix and Al2O3/SiC reinforcement can be improved by the addition of REOs. Results showed that the contact angle of composites with Al2O3/SiC reinforcement lies in the range of 87.94° to 98.52°. Whereas addition of 2.5 wt % REO raised the contact angle above 100.78°. The hybrid composites with REOs show better corrosion resistant properties due to better hydrophobicity. As REO ceramics have better mechanical, thermal and chemical properties as compared with polymer-based materials, they can be applied to the industrial conditions involving exposure to elevated temperature or abrasive wear without degradation of the water repelling properties. The water repellency of the aluminum based hybrid composites improved with the incorporation of rare earth nano-particles as per the Cassie-Baxter Model.

In this paper we introduced basic notions of soft sets and examined some important properties of soft metric and soft fuzzy metric spaces. The main object of this research article to establish some coincidence point theorems in soft compact fuzzy metric spaces and its applications.

The remarkable strength and durability characteristics found in lightweight alloys-based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC) assisted in enhancing their widespread use in automobile, aircraft, and marine sectors. The present study consists of utilizing a conventional stir casting setup for fabricating Aluminium-based MMCs having fly ash as reinforcement. The fly ash was reinforced with an aluminum matrix in proportions: 2, 4, and 6 % to get three different homogeneous samples of MMCs. The prepared samples were examined for microstructure and mechanical characterization. The MMCs samples exhibited successful incorporation and homogeneous dispersion of fly ash particles. The fly ash addition assisted in enhancing the hardness and decrease in strength of aluminum MMCs.

The current paper investigates the mechanical behavior of Al-6063 hybrid composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and rare earth (RE) oxides. Hybrid composites containing wt% of SiC as 3, 6 and 9% and (CeO2 + La2O3) mixture as RE oxides as 1,2 and 3 wt% were fabricated using stir casting technique. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to characterize the prepared samples of hybrid composites. The mechanical characterization including Rockwell hardness, Vicker’s microhardness, impact strength and tensile strength were tested as per ASM standards. The fractured samples of different hybrid composites were studied using SEM. The highest value of Rockwell hardness was observed as 69 HRB in composite sample with 6 wt% of SiC and 2 wt% of RE mixture. For the same sample, highest value of Vicker’s microhardness was found to be 114.24 HV. Furthermore, highest value of tensile strength and impact strength was observed to be 91 MPa and 56 J for the same sample. The obtained data were analyzed on Design Expert software Version 6.0.8 using two level factorial designs afterward. The regression equations obtained from the software is validated using diagnosis plots and the optimized values of reinforcements are obtained using desirability analysis.

Emerging memristor technology is as of late drawing broad consideration due to its potential for several applications. But, the non-availability of solid-state memristive devices puts a practical limitation. So, this paper proposed the concept and design of a practical memristor emulator, which can be used to imitate the behaviour of the well-known ideal memristor model developed by the HP Lab. This circuit contains off-the-shelf components such as AD844, AD633, voltage variable resistor (VVR) and few passive components. This circuit provides voltage tunability, an additional advantage over current tunability, which requires a complex circuitry. All the fingerprints of nano-scale memristor behavior are validated by the derived mathematical relations and simulation verification. Further, the robustness of the circuit has been demonstrated for statistical (10% deviation in passive components) and environmental variations (10% deviation in supply voltages). Also, the proposed circuit has been tested for a wide temperature range. Eventually, the proposed circuit is compared with the previously published emulators to illustrate the advantages of the proposed design.

The present paper discusses the use of graphite particles in the lubricant for enhancing the friction properties of lubricant. Graphite particles were produced using the ball milling methods and mixed with multi-grade SAE 15W-40 lubricating oil using a magnetic stirrer and ultrasonicator. The graphite mixed lubricant was tested for its frictional behaviour using a linear reciprocating tribometer. Experiments were performed at three load values with constant stroke length and frequency. It is observed that graphite mixed lubricant resulted in reduction in coefficient of friction (COF) values. For the considered operating parameters, there is 33–36% reduction in the COF values. The overall temperature generation during the testing was also low for the graphite mixed lubricant testing.

This study was carried out to assess the possible effect of Passiflora edulis Sims on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia with using different animal models and commonly used in the Virginia, southern Illinois, southeast Kansas and India as a folk medicine. Possible effect of extract of the plant was evaluated on reserpine-induced fibromyalgia. For evaluating the effect of this Plant leaves extract, different models were used such as tail flick, radiant heat, hot plate and inclined plane model. Evaluation of anti-depression activity, forced swim test and elevated plus maze (EPM) model were used. Investigations were shown that reserpine-treated animals responded with significantly increased sensitivity of pain in tail flick latency, decreased threshold of paw-withdrawal and immobility time and in Randall test. Whereas Plant leaves extract at different level of doses (e.g. 200 and 400 mg/kg) has shown a significant reduction in time of immobility, withdrawal latency of tail and the significant increase in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. The Passiflora edulis Sims showed inhibition of algesic condition in all the models which was dose dependent. During forced swim test extract of plant showed the significant reduce immobility time as compared with the control group, also in the plus‐maze method, Plant leaves extract showed increased time spend in open arm. The results were confirmed that the use of the extract of leaves of Passiflora edulis Sims in the traditional management of pain and enhances behavioural activity.

Present work, evaluates the effects of Sea shell and B4C powder on the mechanical behavior of the aluminium material (Al 6082). Stir casting method was used to fabricate a hybrid composite of Al 6082 with sea shell and B4C. A linear reciprocating tribometer was used to evaluate the wear and friction behavior. The addition of sea shell and B4C particles, resulted in 7-13 % reduction in coefficient of friction and 32-43 % improvement in wear resistance as compared to the Al 6082 alloy. The average Vicker hardness was also improved by 20-70 %. The residual stresses developed during the mechanical testing were also measured to inspect the generation of residual stresses in the fabricated composite. Optical micrographs and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were obtained to analyze the prepared composites for the wear behavior. Waste sea shells were reinforced with B4C in Al 6082 alloys. Microhardness along with microstructure and residual stress of the developed green hybrid aluminium metal composite are compared and presented. The wear and friction data have also been shown in this paper for the use of green hybrid aluminium composite in tribological applications.

The nanostructured biomaterials find its importance in the field of tissue engineering especially tissue regeneration and repair. The materials are developed in concordance to work with tissues so that it can promote rejuvenation of affected or damaged tissues. Recently, available nano materials are found to possess several drawbacks which make it incompatible for practical applications. Nanotechnology provides a better platform to create a lot of important novel materials for tissue engineering applications. Predominantly, organic nanomaterials and inorganic nanomaterials are mostly preferred for tissue engineering, since it overcomes limitations that occur in other approaches. This article highlights synthesis and applications of nano biomaterials in hard and soft tissue engineering.