521 results on '"Viola H"'
Search Results
2. Large carbon sink potential of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon to mitigate climate change
- Author
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Viola H. A. Heinrich, Ricardo Dalagnol, Henrique L. G. Cassol, Thais M. Rosan, Catherine Torres de Almeida, Celso H. L. Silva Junior, Wesley A. Campanharo, Joanna I. House, Stephen Sitch, Tristram C. Hales, Marcos Adami, Liana O. Anderson, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
This study uses regional and global remote sensing data to assess the regrowth of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon biome. The authors find differences of regrowth rates due to climate, forest fires and deforestation actions and further quantify their carbon capture potential.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Editorial: Functional Characterization and Pharmaceutical Targets in Common and Rare CFTR Dysfunctions
- Author
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Elena K. Schneider-Futschik, Viola H. Lobert, and John W. Wilson
- Subjects
CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) ,CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) ,cystic fibrosis ,lung ,biomarker ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. HS1BP3 negatively regulates autophagy by modulation of phosphatidic acid levels
- Author
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Petter Holland, Helene Knævelsrud, Kristiane Søreng, Benan J. Mathai, Alf Håkon Lystad, Serhiy Pankiv, Gunnveig T. Bjørndal, Sebastian W. Schultz, Viola H. Lobert, Robin B. Chan, Bowen Zhou, Knut Liestøl, Sven R. Carlsson, Thomas J. Melia, Gilbert Di Paolo, and Anne Simonsen
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Autophagy must be tightly controlled at each step of the process. Here the authors show that HS1BP3 binds phosphatidic acid (PA) at autophagosome precursors and negatively regulates autophagosome formation by modulating the activity and localization of the PA-producing enzyme phospholipase D1.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway is Dominant over Androgen Receptor Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells
- Author
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Mari Kaarbø, Øyvind Løveseter Mikkelsen, Lene Malerød, Su Qu, Viola H. Lobert, Gulcan Akgul, Thomas Halvorsen, Gunhild M. Mælandsmo, and Fahri Saatcioglu
- Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Background: Androgen receptor (AR) and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling are two of the most important pathways implicated in prostate cancer. Previous work has shown that there is crosstalk between these two pathways; however, there are conflicting findings and the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here we studied the AR–PI3K pathway crosstalk in prostate cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The carbon sink in recovering degraded and secondary tropical forests
- Author
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Heinrich, Viola H. A. and House, Jo
- Abstract
Tropical forests play a key role in climate change mitigation. Recovering, degraded and secondary forests are becoming more dominant in tropical landscapes and yet large uncertainties exist regarding their carbon sink and storage. Remote sensing data enables a spatially and temporally explicit assessment of forests that can improve the accuracy of forest carbon flux estimates. This thesis uses a variety of satellite datasets to improve the spatial representation of the carbon sink in recovering forests. By combining satellite-based datasets of secondary forest age and aboveground carbon, the carbon accumulation was modelled across the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental variables and disturbances were found to drive spatially distinct regrowth patterns, with repeated anthropogenic disturbances reducing regrowth by up to 55%. Carbon recovery in degraded and secondary forests was then modelled across the Amazon, Central Africa, and Borneo. Between 1984 and 2018 recovering forests offset a quarter of carbon emissions from tropical forest loss, indicating the mitigation potential of protecting them, alongside old-growth forest conservation. Uncertainties in estimating the net global anthropogenic greenhouse gas flux from the entire land-use sector are reflected in the difference of 4-7GtCO2eyr-1 between methodological approaches, that has largely been attributed to managed forest fluxes in the tropics. This 'gap' represents a challenge within the Global Stocktake when emissions-reductions progress will be evaluated. This thesis demonstrates how to adjust remote sensing-based estimates of forest carbon fluxes to align them with national greenhouse gas inventory approaches, making them useful tools for Monitoring Reporting and Verification. Knowing how secondary forests are identified, and how associated carbon fluxes are incorporated into respective approaches are key to reconciling differences. Overall, this research uses remote sensing datasets to develop new methodologies, providing new quantitative insights into the carbon sink of tropical recovering, degraded and secondary forests with implications for the scientific and policy communities.
- Published
- 2023
7. The carbon sink of secondary and degraded humid tropical forests
- Author
-
Heinrich, Viola H. A., Vancutsem, Christelle, Dalagnol, Ricardo, Rosan, Thais M., Fawcett, Dominic, Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., Cassol, Henrique L. G., Achard, Frédéric, Jucker, Tommaso, Silva, Carlos A., House, Jo, Sitch, Stephen, Hales, Tristram C., and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Break the Ice (Opthygb): Hyper-Parameter Optimization Predictive Machine Learning Model Framework for Early Warning Breast Cancer
- Author
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ASANTE, ISAAC OSEI, primary, Donatus, Dunee, additional, Wu, Libing, additional, Gbomagba, Marus, additional, Ayimadu, Edwin, additional, and Cheeseman, Viola H., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Large carbon sink potential of secondary forests in the Brazilian Amazon to mitigate climate change
- Author
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Heinrich, Viola H. A., Dalagnol, Ricardo, Cassol, Henrique L. G., Rosan, Thais M., de Almeida, Catherine Torres, Silva Junior, Celso H. L., Campanharo, Wesley A., House, Joanna I., Sitch, Stephen, Hales, Tristram C., Adami, Marcos, Anderson, Liana O., and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. RE:Growth—A toolkit for analyzing secondary forest aboveground carbon dynamics in the Brazilian Amazon
- Author
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Heinrich, Viola H. A., primary, Sitch, Stephen, additional, Rosan, Thais M., additional, Silva-Junior, Celso H. L., additional, and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Dodging the blades : new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus
- Author
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Thaxter, Chris B., Ross-Smith, Viola H., Bouten, Willem, Masden, Elizabeth A., Clark, Nigel A., Conway, Greg J., Barber, Lee, Clewley, Gary D., and Burton, Niall H. K.
- Published
- 2018
12. Benchmark maps of 33 years of secondary forest age for Brazil
- Author
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Silva Junior, Celso H. L., Heinrich, Viola H. A., Freire, Ana T. G., Broggio, Igor S., Rosan, Thais M., Doblas, Juan, Anderson, Liana O., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Shimabukuro, Yosio E., Silva, Carlos A., House, Joanna I., and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Sample Size Required to Characterize Area Use of Tracked Seabirds
- Author
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THAXTER, CHRIS B., CLARK, NIGEL A., ROSS-SMITH, VIOLA H., CONWAY, GREG J., BOUTEN, WILLEM, and BURTON, NIALL H. K.
- Published
- 2017
14. Focusing the Spotlight on the Zebrafish Intestine to Illuminate Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer
- Author
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Lobert, Viola H., Mouradov, Dmitri, Heath, Joan K., and Langenau, David M., editor
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Modelling flight heights of lesser black-backed gulls and great skuas from GPS: a Bayesian approach
- Author
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Ross-Smith, Viola H., Thaxter, Chris B., Masden, Elizabeth A., Shamoun-Baranes, Judy, Burton, Niall H. K., Wright, Lucy J., Rehfisch, Mark M., and Johnston, Alison
- Published
- 2016
16. Author Correction: Benchmark maps of 33 years of secondary forest age for Brazil
- Author
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Silva Junior, Celso H. L., Heinrich, Viola H. A., Freire, Ana T. G., Broggio, Igor S., Rosan, Thais M., Doblas, Juan, Anderson, Liana O., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Shimabukuro, Yosio E., Silva, Carlos A., House, Joanna I., and Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa
- Author
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Jethro G. Gauld, João P. Silva, Philip W. Atkinson, Paul Record, Marta Acácio, Volen Arkumarev, Julio Blas, Willem Bouten, Niall Burton, Inês Catry, Jocelyn Champagnon, Gary D. Clewley, Mindaugas Dagys, Olivier Duriez, Klaus‐Michael Exo, Wolfgang Fiedler, Andrea Flack, Guilad Friedemann, Johannes Fritz, Clara Garcia‐Ripolles, Stefan Garthe, Dimitri Giunchi, Atanas Grozdanov, Roi Harel, Elizabeth M. Humphreys, René Janssen, Andrea Kölzsch, Olga Kulikova, Thomas K. Lameris, Pascual López‐López, Elizabeth A. Masden, Flavio Monti, Ran Nathan, Stoyan Nikolov, Steffen Oppel, Hristo Peshev, Louis Phipps, Ivan Pokrovsky, Viola H. Ross‐Smith, Victoria Saravia, Emily S. Scragg, Andrea Sforzi, Emilian Stoynov, Chris Thaxter, Wouter Van Steelant, Mariëlle Toor, Bernd Vorneweg, Jonas Waldenström, Martin Wikelski, Ramūnas Žydelis, Aldina M. A. Franco, and Animal Ecology (AnE)
- Subjects
animal movement, bird conservation, collision risk, environmental impact assessment, GPS, renewable energy, spatial planning, telemetry ,Ecology ,environmental impact assessment ,ddc:570 ,GPS ,telemetry ,bird conservation ,collision risk ,spatial planning ,renewable energy ,animal movement - Abstract
1. Wind turbines and power lines can cause bird mortality due to collision or electrocution. The biodiversity impacts of energy infrastructure (EI) can be minimised through effective landscape-scale planning and mitigation. The identification of high-vulnerability areas is urgently needed to assess potential cumulative impacts of EI while supporting the transition to zero carbon energy.2. We collected GPS location data from 1,454 birds from 27 species susceptible to collision within Europe and North Africa and identified areas where tracked birds are most at risk of colliding with existing EI. Sensitivity to EI development was estimated for wind turbines and power lines by calculating the proportion of GPS flight locations at heights where birds were at risk of collision and accounting for species' specific susceptibility to collision. We mapped the maximum collision sensitivity value obtained across all species, in each 5 × 5 km grid cell, across Europe and North Africa. Vulnerability to collision was obtained by overlaying the sensitivity surfaces with density of wind turbines and transmission power lines.3. Results: Exposure to risk varied across the 27 species, with some species flying consistently at heights where they risk collision. For areas with sufficient tracking data within Europe and North Africa, 13.6% of the area was classified as high sensitivity to wind turbines and 9.4% was classified as high sensitivity to transmission power lines. Sensitive areas were concentrated within important migratory corridors and along coastlines. Hotspots of vulnerability to collision with wind turbines and transmission power lines (2018 data) were scattered across the study region with highest concentrations occurring in central Europe, near the strait of Gibraltar and the Bosporus in Turkey.4. Synthesis and applications. We identify the areas of Europe and North Africa that are most sensitive for the specific populations of birds for which sufficient GPS tracking data at high spatial resolution were available. We also map vulnerability hotspots where mitigation at existing EI should be prioritised to reduce collision risks. As tracking data availability improves our method could be applied to more species and areas to help reduce bird-EI conflicts. published
- Published
- 2022
18. The carbon sink in recovering degraded and secondary tropical forests
- Author
-
Heinrich, Viola H A and Heinrich, Viola H A
- Abstract
Tropical forests play a key role in climate change mitigation. Recovering, degraded and secondary forests are becoming more dominant in tropical landscapes and yet large uncertainties exist regarding their carbon sink and storage. Remote sensing data enables a spatially and temporally explicit assessment of forests that can improve the accuracy of forest carbon flux estimates. This thesis uses a variety of satellite datasets to improve the spatial representation of the carbon sink in recovering forests. By combining satellite-based datasets of secondary forest age and aboveground carbon, the carbon accumulation was modelled across the Brazilian Amazon. Environmental variables and disturbances were found to drive spatially distinct regrowth patterns, with repeated anthropogenic disturbances reducing regrowth by up to 55%. Carbon recovery in degraded and secondary forests was then modelled across the Amazon, Central Africa, and Borneo. Between 1984 and 2018 recovering forests offset a quarter of carbon emissions from tropical forest loss, indicating the mitigation potential of protecting them, alongside old-growth forest conservation. Uncertainties in estimating the net global anthropogenic greenhouse gas flux from the entire land-use sector are reflected in the difference of 4-7GtCO2eyr-1 between methodological approaches, that has largely been attributed to managed forest fluxes in the tropics. This ‘gap’ represents a challenge within the Global Stocktake when emissions-reductions progress will be evaluated. This thesis demonstrates how to adjust remote sensing-based estimates of forest carbon fluxes to align them with national greenhouse gas inventory approaches, making them useful tools for Monitoring Reporting and Verification. Knowing how secondary forests are identified, and how associated carbon fluxes are incorporated into respective approaches are key to reconciling differences. Overall, this research uses remote sensing datasets t
- Published
- 2023
19. Use of environmental stratification to derive non-breeding population estimates of dispersed waterbirds in Great Britain
- Author
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Méndez, Verónica, Austin, Graham E., Musgrove, Andrew J., Ross-Smith, Viola H., Hearn, Richard D., Stroud, David A., Wotton, Simon R., and Holt, Chas A.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Reduced productivity and carbon drawdown of tropical forests from ground-level ozone exposure
- Author
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Cheesman, Alexander W., Brown, Flossie, Artaxo, Paulo, Farha, Mst Nahid, Folberth, Gerd A., Hayes, Felicity J., Heinrich, Viola H. A., Hill, Timothy C., Mercado, Lina M., Oliver, Rebecca J., O’ Sullivan, Michael, Uddling, Johan, Cernusak, Lucas A., and Sitch, Stephen
- Abstract
Elevated ground-level ozone, a result of human activity, is known to reduce plant productivity, but its influence on tropical forests remains unclear. Here we estimate how increased ozone exposure has affected tropical-forest productivity and the global carbon cycle. We experimentally measure the ozone susceptibility of various tropical tree species, and then incorporate these data into a dynamic global vegetation model. We find that current anthropogenic-derived ozone results in a substantial decline in annual net primary productivity (NPP) across all tropical forests, with some areas being particularly impacted. For example, Asia sees losses of 10.9% (7.2–19.7%) NPP. We calculate that this productivity decline has resulted in a cumulative loss in carbon drawdown of 0.29 PgC per year since 2000, equating to ~17% of the tropical contemporary annual land carbon sink in the twenty-first century. We also find that areas of current and future forest restoration are disproportionately affected by elevated ozone. Future socioeconomic pathways that reduce ozone formation in the tropics will incur benefits to the global carbon budget by relieving the current ozone impacts seen across both intact forest and areas of forest restoration, which are critical terrestrial regions for mitigation of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Exams at classroom have bidirectional effects on the long-term memory of an unrelated graphical task
- Author
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Lopes da Cunha, P., Ramirez Butavand, D., Chisari, L. B., Ballarini, F., and Viola, H.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Hope Intervention Against Depression in the Survivors of Cold Lava Flood from Merapi Mount
- Author
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Retnowati, S., Ramadiyanti, D.W., Suciati, A.A., Sokang, Y.A., and Viola, H.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Dietary supplementation withBacillusspecies improves growth, intestinal histomorphology, innate immunity, antioxidative status and expression of growth and appetite‐regulating genes of Nile tilapia fingerlings
- Author
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Viola H. Zaki, Abdallah S. Salah, Radi A. Mohamed, Asmaa M. El-Nokrashy, Ahmed M. Abozeid, and Huda R. Ghalwash
- Subjects
Bacillus species ,Innate immune system ,Antioxidative status ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Appetite ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Nile tilapia ,Nutrient absorption ,Dietary supplementation ,Gene ,media_common - Published
- 2021
24. PHLPP1 regulates CFTR activity and lumen expansion through AMPK
- Author
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Viola H. Lobert, Maren L. Skardal, Lene Malerød, Julia E. Simensen, Hermine A. Algra, Aram N. Andersen, Thomas Fleischer, Hilde A. Enserink, Knut Liestøl, Joan K. Heath, Tor Erik Rusten, and Harald A. Stenmark
- Subjects
Drosophila melanogaster ,Phosphoprotein Phosphatases ,Animals ,Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ,Humans ,Nuclear Proteins ,AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ,Phosphorylation ,Molecular Biology ,Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Complex organ development depends on single lumen formation and its expansion during tubulogenesis. This can be achieved by correct mitotic spindle orientation during cell division, combined with luminal fluid filling that generates hydrostatic pressure. Using a human 3D cell culture model, we have identified two regulators of these processes. We find that pleckstrin homology leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) 2 regulates mitotic spindle orientation, and thereby midbody positioning and maintenance of a single lumen. Silencing the sole PHLPP family phosphatase in Drosophila melanogaster, phlpp, resulted in defective spindle orientation in Drosophila neuroblasts. Importantly, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the main channel regulating fluid transport in this system, stimulated by phosphorylation by protein kinase A and inhibited by the AMP-activated protein kinase AMPK. During lumen expansion, CFTR remains open through the action of PHLPP1, which stops activated AMPK from inhibiting ion transport through CFTR. In the absence of PHLPP1, the restraint on AMPK activity is lost and this tips the balance in the favour of channel closing, resulting in the lack of lumen expansion and accumulation of mucus.
- Published
- 2022
25. PHLPP1 regulates CFTR activity and lumen expansion through AMPK
- Author
-
Lobert, Viola H., primary, Skardal, Maren L., additional, Malerød, Lene, additional, Simensen, Julia E., additional, Algra, Hermine A., additional, Andersen, Aram N., additional, Fleischer, Thomas, additional, Enserink, Hilde A., additional, Liestøl, Knut, additional, Heath, Joan K., additional, Rusten, Tor Erik, additional, and Stenmark, Harald A., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Persistence of Spatial Memory Induced by Spaced Training Involves a Behavioral-Tagging Process
- Author
-
Correa, J., primary, Tintorelli, R., additional, Budriesi, P., additional, and Viola, H., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A novel viral responsive protein (MjVRP) from Marsupenaeus japonicus haemocytes is involved in white spot syndrome virus infection
- Author
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Elbahnaswy, Samia, Koiwai, Keiichiro, Zaki, Viola H., Shaheen, Adel A., Kondo, Hidehiro, and Hirono, Ikuo
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa
- Author
-
Gauld, Jethro G., Silva, João P., Atkinson, Philip W., Record, Paul, Acácio, Marta, Arkumarev, Volen, Blas, Julio, Bouten, Willem, Burton, Niall, Catry, Inês, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Clewley, Gary D., Dagys, Mindaugas, Duriez, Olivier, Exo, Klaus Michael, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Flack, Andrea, Friedemann, Guilad, Fritz, Johannes, Garcia-Ripolles, Clara, Garthe, Stefan, Giunchi, Dimitri, Grozdanov, Atanas, Harel, Roi, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., Janssen, René, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kulikova, Olga, Lameris, Thomas K., López-López, Pascual, Masden, Elizabeth A., Monti, Flavio, Nathan, Ran, Nikolov, Stoyan, Oppel, Steffen, Peshev, Hristo, Phipps, Louis, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ross-Smith, Viola H., Saravia, Victoria, Scragg, Emily S., Sforzi, Andrea, Stoynov, Emilian, Thaxter, Chris, Van Steelant, Wouter, van Toor, Mariëlle, Vorneweg, Bernd, Waldenström, Jonas, Wikelski, Martin, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Franco, Aldina M.A., Gauld, Jethro G., Silva, João P., Atkinson, Philip W., Record, Paul, Acácio, Marta, Arkumarev, Volen, Blas, Julio, Bouten, Willem, Burton, Niall, Catry, Inês, Champagnon, Jocelyn, Clewley, Gary D., Dagys, Mindaugas, Duriez, Olivier, Exo, Klaus Michael, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Flack, Andrea, Friedemann, Guilad, Fritz, Johannes, Garcia-Ripolles, Clara, Garthe, Stefan, Giunchi, Dimitri, Grozdanov, Atanas, Harel, Roi, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., Janssen, René, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kulikova, Olga, Lameris, Thomas K., López-López, Pascual, Masden, Elizabeth A., Monti, Flavio, Nathan, Ran, Nikolov, Stoyan, Oppel, Steffen, Peshev, Hristo, Phipps, Louis, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ross-Smith, Viola H., Saravia, Victoria, Scragg, Emily S., Sforzi, Andrea, Stoynov, Emilian, Thaxter, Chris, Van Steelant, Wouter, van Toor, Mariëlle, Vorneweg, Bernd, Waldenström, Jonas, Wikelski, Martin, Žydelis, Ramūnas, and Franco, Aldina M.A.
- Abstract
Wind turbines and power lines can cause bird mortality due to collision or electrocution. The biodiversity impacts of energy infrastructure (EI) can be minimised through effective landscape-scale planning and mitigation. The identification of high-vulnerability areas is urgently needed to assess potential cumulative impacts of EI while supporting the transition to zero carbon energy. We collected GPS location data from 1,454 birds from 27 species susceptible to collision within Europe and North Africa and identified areas where tracked birds are most at risk of colliding with existing EI. Sensitivity to EI development was estimated for wind turbines and power lines by calculating the proportion of GPS flight locations at heights where birds were at risk of collision and accounting for species' specific susceptibility to collision. We mapped the maximum collision sensitivity value obtained across all species, in each 5 × 5 km grid cell, across Europe and North Africa. Vulnerability to collision was obtained by overlaying the sensitivity surfaces with density of wind turbines and transmission power lines. Results: Exposure to risk varied across the 27 species, with some species flying consistently at heights where they risk collision. For areas with sufficient tracking data within Europe and North Africa, 13.6% of the area was classified as high sensitivity to wind turbines and 9.4% was classified as high sensitivity to transmission power lines. Sensitive areas were concentrated within important migratory corridors and along coastlines. Hotspots of vulnerability to collision with wind turbines and transmission power lines (2018 data) were scattered across the study region with highest concentrations occurring in central Europe, near the strait of Gibraltar and the Bosporus in Turkey. Synthesis and applications. We identify the areas of Europe and North Africa that are most sensitive for the specific populations of birds for which sufficient GPS tracking data at hig
- Published
- 2022
29. Hotspots in the grid: Avian sensitivity and vulnerability to collision risk from energy infrastructure interactions in Europe and North Africa
- Author
-
Gauld, Jethro G., primary, Silva, João P., additional, Atkinson, Philip W., additional, Record, Paul, additional, Acácio, Marta, additional, Arkumarev, Volen, additional, Blas, Julio, additional, Bouten, Willem, additional, Burton, Niall, additional, Catry, Inês, additional, Champagnon, Jocelyn, additional, Clewley, Gary D., additional, Dagys, Mindaugas, additional, Duriez, Olivier, additional, Exo, Klaus‐Michael, additional, Fiedler, Wolfgang, additional, Flack, Andrea, additional, Friedemann, Guilad, additional, Fritz, Johannes, additional, Garcia‐Ripolles, Clara, additional, Garthe, Stefan, additional, Giunchi, Dimitri, additional, Grozdanov, Atanas, additional, Harel, Roi, additional, Humphreys, Elizabeth M., additional, Janssen, René, additional, Kölzsch, Andrea, additional, Kulikova, Olga, additional, Lameris, Thomas K., additional, López‐López, Pascual, additional, Masden, Elizabeth A., additional, Monti, Flavio, additional, Nathan, Ran, additional, Nikolov, Stoyan, additional, Oppel, Steffen, additional, Peshev, Hristo, additional, Phipps, Louis, additional, Pokrovsky, Ivan, additional, Ross‐Smith, Viola H., additional, Saravia, Victoria, additional, Scragg, Emily S., additional, Sforzi, Andrea, additional, Stoynov, Emilian, additional, Thaxter, Chris, additional, Van Steelant, Wouter, additional, van Toor, Mariëlle, additional, Vorneweg, Bernd, additional, Waldenström, Jonas, additional, Wikelski, Martin, additional, Žydelis, Ramūnas, additional, and Franco, Aldina M. A., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the UK POETIC survey
- Author
-
Melhorn, James, primary, Achaiah, Andrew, additional, Conway, Francesca M., additional, Thompson, Elizabeth M.F., additional, Skyllberg, Erik W., additional, Durrant, Joseph, additional, Hasan, Neda A., additional, Madani, Yasser, additional, Naran, Prasheena, additional, Vijayakumar, Bavithra, additional, Tate, Matthew J., additional, Trevelyan, Gareth E., additional, Zaki, Irfan, additional, Doig, Catherine A., additional, Lynch, Geraldine, additional, Warwick, Gill, additional, Aujayeb, Avinash, additional, Jackson, Karl A., additional, Iftikhar, Hina, additional, Noble, Jonathan H., additional, Ng, Anthony Y.K.C., additional, Nugent, Mark, additional, Evans, Philip J., additional, Hastings, Robert A., additional, Bellenberg, Harry R., additional, Lawrence, Hannah, additional, Saville, Rachel L., additional, Johl, Nikolas T., additional, Grey, Adam N., additional, Ellis, Huw C., additional, Chen, Cheng, additional, Jones, Thomas L., additional, Maddekar, Nadeem, additional, Khan, Shahul Leyakathali, additional, Muhammad, Ambreen Iqbal, additional, Ghani, Hakim, additional, Maung Maung Myint, Yadee, additional, Rafique, Cecillia, additional, Pippard, Benjamin J., additional, Irving, Benjamin R.H., additional, Ali, Fawad, additional, Asimba, Viola H., additional, Azam, Aqeem, additional, Barton, Eleanor C., additional, Bhatnagar, Malvika, additional, Blackburn, Matthew P., additional, Millington, Kate J., additional, Budhram, Nicholas J., additional, Bunclark, Katherine L., additional, Sapkal, Toshit P., additional, Dixon, Giles, additional, Harries, Andrew J.E., additional, Ijaz, Mohammad, additional, Karunanithi, Vijayalakshmi, additional, Naik, Samir, additional, Khan, Malik Aamaz, additional, Savlani, Karishma, additional, Kumar, Vimal, additional, Lara Gallego, Beatriz, additional, Mahdi, Noor A., additional, Morgan, Caitlin, additional, Patel, Neena, additional, Rowlands, Elen W., additional, Steward, Matthew S., additional, Thorley, Richard S., additional, Wollerton, Rebecca L., additional, Ullah, Sana, additional, Smith, David M., additional, Lason, Wojciech, additional, Rostron, Anthony J., additional, Rahman, Najib M., additional, and Hallifax, Rob J., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Protocol for quantifying drug sensitivity in 3D patient-derived ovarian cancer models
- Author
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Kathrin B. Labrosse, Flavio C. Lombardo, Natalie Rimmer, Mónica Núñez López, André Fedier, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Ricardo Coelho, and Francis Jacob
- Subjects
Cancer ,Cell culture ,Single Cell ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 - Abstract
Summary: Three-dimensional (3D) ex vivo cultures allow the study of cancer progression and drug resistance mechanisms. Here, we present a protocol for measuring on-target drug sensitivity in a scaffold-free 3D culture system through quantification of apoptotic tumor cells. We provide detailed steps for sample processing, immunofluorescence staining, semi-high-throughput confocal imaging, and imaged-based quantification of 3D cultures. This protocol is versatile and can be applied in principle to any patient-derived material. : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Focusing the Spotlight on the Zebrafish Intestine to Illuminate Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer
- Author
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Lobert, Viola H., primary, Mouradov, Dmitri, additional, and Heath, Joan K., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Protective effect of Nannochloropsis Oculata against mercuric-induced histopathological alterations in the kidney of Nile tilapia
- Author
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Viola H. Zaki, Eman Zahran, Fatma Mohamed, and Al-Zahraa Mamdouh
- Subjects
Kidney ,0303 health sciences ,Necrosis ,biology ,Chemistry ,H&E stain ,Hemosiderosis ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,Nephrotoxicity ,Andrology ,Nile tilapia ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Hyaline ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the toxic effect of sublethal concentration of mercuric chloride (0.3 mg/L HgCl2) on histopathological lesions in the kidney of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) and the protective effect of microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculata) against the induced tissue alterations for 3 weeks. Design: Randomized controlled study Animals: Nile tilapia Procedures: Fish were randomly assigned to 4 groups, group1: control (basal diet), group 2 (Hg/ exposed to HgCl2 at a dose of 0.3 mg/L (1/4 of LC50), and fed basal diet), group 3: (Hg+N5, similar to group2, but fed diet supplemented with N. oculata 5% and group 4 (Hg+N10, similar to group2, but fed diet supplemented with N. oculata 10 %. Two fish from each aquarium tank (6 fish/group) were sampled at weeks 1, 2, and 3 of the experiment. The posterior kidney was dried out in a graded ethanol series and then embedded in paraffin. Each block of tissue was cut into serial sections (5 μm thick) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results: Histopathological alterations were induced following mercuric exposure in a time-dependent manner. The kidney showed congestion, hemosiderosis, and hemorrhage with vacuolated tubular epithelium, hyaline droplet degeneration, and necrosis of the tubular epithelium. Supplementation with N. oculata, particularly at 10 %, succeeded in alleviating the histopathological induced lesions in the kidney. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Our findings demonstrate that HgCl2 has nephrotoxic properties that led to severe histopathological alterations in the kidney of Nile tilapia, while dietary supplementation with N. oculata was able to alleviate the induced kidney alterations.
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- 2020
34. Incidence and molecular characterization of fungi and yeast isolated from cultured catfish and Nile tilapia
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Radwia Adawy, Viola H. Zaki, and Ola Hashem
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Clarias gariepinus ,0106 biological sciences ,Veterinary medicine ,biology ,Fish farming ,Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus flavus ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Oreochromis ,Nile tilapia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Penicillium ,Catfish ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Objective: To study the incidence and seasonal dynamics of different fungi affected freshwater fishes in Lake Manzala with molecular identification of the isolated fungi. Animals: 300 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and 300 catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Design: Descriptive study. Procedures: Random samples of Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) and Clarias gariepinus (C. gariepinus) were collected from Manzala fish farms. Clinical and postmortem examination of fish was applied. Isolation and identification of different fungi were performed by conventional methods. Furthermore, the molecular characterization of isolated fungi was carried out. Results: C. gariepinus had a higher rate of infection with different fungal species than O. niloticus. Aspergillus spp. (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus) were the most fungal isolated from the examined fishes, followed by Penicillium spp. and Candida albicans. Aspergillus spp were detected in all seasons with a higher rate in summer and spring. A. flavus, A. niger, Penicillium spp. and C.albicans isolates were amplified from both C. gariepinus and O. niloticus at the specified molecular weight using PCR. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Fungal infection affected the fish showing different external and internal lesions, all species of Aspergillus were found in all seasons with a high rate in, hot seasons, summer and spring. The Prevalence of Penicillium and C. albicans were also reported. All fungal isolates were identified on the phenotypic and molecular bases.
- Published
- 2020
35. Editorial: Functional Characterization and Pharmaceutical Targets in Common and Rare CFTR Dysfunctions
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Schneider-Futschik, Elena K., primary, Lobert, Viola H., additional, and Wilson, John W., additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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36. Validating the Significance of Ser1487 in the Beta-Adrenergic Regulation of the Alpha Subunit of the Cardiac L-Type Calcium Channel Using a CRISPR/Cas9 Mouse Model
- Author
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Cserne Szappanos, H., primary, Viola, H., additional, and Hool, L., additional
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Dietary supplementation withBacillusspecies improves growth, intestinal histomorphology, innate immunity, antioxidative status and expression of growth and appetite‐regulating genes of Nile tilapia fingerlings
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Ghalwash, Huda R., primary, Salah, Abdallah S., additional, El‐Nokrashy, Asmaa M., additional, Abozeid, Ahmed M., additional, Zaki, Viola H., additional, and Mohamed, Radi A., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19: a phenotype of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis? The results of the United Kingdom (POETIC) survey
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James Melhorn, Andrew Achaiah, Francesca M. Conway, Elizabeth M.F. Thompson, Erik W. Skyllberg, Joseph Durrant, Neda A. Hasan, Yasser Madani, Prasheena Naran, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Matthew J. Tate, Gareth E. Trevelyan, Irfan Zaki, Catherine A. Doig, Geraldine Lynch, Gill Warwick, Avinash Aujayeb, Karl A. Jackson, Hina Iftikhar, Jonathan H. Noble, Anthony Y.K.C. Ng, Mark Nugent, Philip J. Evans, Robert A. Hastings, Harry R. Bellenberg, Hannah Lawrence, Rachel L. Saville, Nikolas T. Johl, Adam N. Grey, Huw C. Ellis, Cheng Chen, Thomas L. Jones, Nadeem Maddekar, Shahul Leyakathali Khan, Ambreen Iqbal Muhammad, Hakim Ghani, Yadee Maung Maung Myint, Cecillia Rafique, Benjamin J. Pippard, Benjamin R.H. Irving, Fawad Ali, Viola H. Asimba, Aqeem Azam, Eleanor C. Barton, Malvika Bhatnagar, Matthew P. Blackburn, Kate J. Millington, Nicholas J. Budhram, Katherine L. Bunclark, Toshit P. Sapkal, Giles Dixon, Andrew J.E. Harries, Mohammad Ijaz, Vijayalakshmi Karunanithi, Samir Naik, Malik Aamaz Khan, Karishma Savlani, Vimal Kumar, Beatriz Lara Gallego, Noor A. Mahdi, Caitlin Morgan, Neena Patel, Elen W. Rowlands, Matthew S. Steward, Richard S. Thorley, Rebecca L. Wollerton, Sana Ullah, David M. Smith, Wojciech Lason, Anthony J. Rostron, Najib M. Rahman, Rob J. Hallifax, Durrant, Joseph [0000-0003-0548-9952], Aujayeb, Avinash [0000-0002-0859-5550], Jackson, Karl A [0000-0002-6464-7474], Hastings, Robert A [0000-0001-5338-4851], Ellis, Huw C [0000-0002-4351-1658], Jones, Thomas L [0000-0002-6324-7540], Irving, Benjamin RH [0000-0003-3610-6467], Azam, Aqeem [0000-0001-9270-1127], Gallego, Beatriz Lara [0000-0003-0090-8206], Steward, Matthew S [0000-0002-1873-4665], Lason, Wojciech [0000-0002-1036-6108], Rostron, Anthony J [0000-0002-9336-1723], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical Research ,32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,3 Good Health and Well Being ,FOS: Health sciences ,3202 Clinical Sciences ,Lung - Abstract
BackgroundThere is an emerging understanding that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased incidence of pneumomediastinum (PTM). We aimed to determine its incidence among patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK and describe factors associated with outcome.MethodsA structured survey of PTM and its incidence was conducted from September 2020 to February 2021. UK-wide participation was solicitedviarespiratory research networks. Identified patients had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and radiologically proven PTM. The primary outcomes were to determine incidence of PTM in COVID-19 and to investigate risk factors associated with patient mortality.Results377 cases of PTM in COVID-19 were identified from 58 484 inpatients with COVID-19 at 53 hospitals during the study period, giving an incidence of 0.64%. Overall 120-day mortality in COVID-19 PTM was 195 out of 377 (51.7%). PTM in COVID-19 was associated with high rates of mechanical ventilation. 172 out of 377 patients (45.6%) were mechanically ventilated at the point of diagnosis. Mechanical ventilation was the most important predictor of mortality in COVID-19 PTM at the time of diagnosis and thereafter (pConclusionsPTM appears to be a marker of severe COVID-19 pneumonitis. The majority of patients in whom PTM was identified had not been mechanically ventilated at the point of diagnosis.
- Published
- 2021
39. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B cells determine clinically relevant T cell phenotypes in ovarian cancer
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Lenka Kasikova, Jana Rakova, Michal Hensler, Tereza Lanickova, Jana Tomankova, Josef Pasulka, Jana Drozenova, Katerina Mojzisova, Anna Fialova, Sarka Vosahlikova, Jan Laco, Ales Ryska, Pavel Dundr, Roman Kocian, Tomas Brtnicky, Petr Skapa, Linda Capkova, Marek Kovar, Jan Prochazka, Ivan Praznovec, Vladimir Koblizek, Alice Taskova, Hisashi Tanaka, Robert Lischke, Fernando Casas Mendez, Jiri Vachtenheim, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Francis Jacob, Iain A. McNeish, Michal J. Halaska, Lukas Rob, David Cibula, Sandra Orsulic, Lorenzo Galluzzi, Radek Spisek, and Jitka Fucikova
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Intratumoral tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) have been associated with improved outcome in various cohorts of patients with cancer, reflecting their contribution to the development of tumor-targeting immunity. Here, we demonstrate that high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) contains distinct immune aggregates with varying degrees of organization and maturation. Specifically, mature TLSs (mTLS) as forming only in 16% of HGSOCs with relatively elevated tumor mutational burden (TMB) are associated with an increased intratumoral density of CD8+ effector T (TEFF) cells and TIM3+PD1+, hence poorly immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-sensitive, CD8+ T cells. Conversely, CD8+ T cells from immunologically hot tumors like non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) are enriched in ICI-responsive TCF1+ PD1+ T cells. Spatial B-cell profiling identifies patterns of in situ maturation and differentiation associated with mTLSs. Moreover, B-cell depletion promotes signs of a dysfunctional CD8+ T cell compartment among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from freshly isolated HGSOC and NSCLC biopsies. Taken together, our data demonstrate that – at odds with NSCLC – HGSOC is associated with a low density of follicular helper T cells and thus develops a limited number of mTLS that might be insufficient to preserve a ICI-sensitive TCF1+PD1+ CD8+ T cell phenotype. These findings point to key quantitative and qualitative differences between mTLSs in ICI-responsive vs ICI-irresponsive neoplasms that may guide the development of alternative immunotherapies for patients with HGSOC.
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- 2024
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40. Comparison of different suture techniques for laparoscopic vaginal cuff closure
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Christiane E. Förster, Iliana Calabretti, Laura Gubser, Andreas Schötzau, Bernhard Fellmann-Fischer, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, and Tibor A. Zwimpfer
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Laparoscopy ,Education ,Suturing techniques ,Barbed suture ,Extracorporeal and intracorporeal knots ,Vaginal cuff closure ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Laparoscopic hysterectomy is a commonly performed procedure. However, one high-risk complication is vaginal cuff dehiscence. Currently, there is no standardization regarding thread material or suturing technique for vaginal cuff closure. Therefore, this study aimed to compare extracorporeal and intracorporeal suturing techniques for vaginal cuff closure using a pelvic trainer model. Eighteen experts in laparoscopic surgery performed vaginal cuff closures with interrupted sutures using intracorporeal knotting, extracorporeal knotting and continuous, unidirectional barbed sutures. While using an artificial tissue suturing pad in a pelvic trainer, experts performed vaginal cuff closure using each technique according to block randomization. Task completion time, tension resistance, and the number of errors were recorded. After completing the exercises, participants answered a questionnaire concerning the suturing techniques and their performance. Experts completed suturing more quickly (p
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- 2024
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41. Comparison of 2D 4K vs. 3D HD laparoscopic imaging systems in bariatric surgery: study protocol for a randomized controlled prospective trial
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Tibor A. Zwimpfer, Nadja Stiegeler, Philip C. Müller, Andreas Schötzau, Bernhard Fellmann-Fischer, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Ralph Peterli, and Marko Kraljević
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Laparoscopy ,2D 4K vision system ,3D HD vision system ,Bariatric surgery ,Gastric bypass ,Operating time ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Vision is an important and defining element of laparoscopy and significantly affects the outcome of surgery in terms of time, error, and precision. Several new imaging systems have become available for laparoscopic surgery, including three-dimensional (3D) high-definition (HD) and two-dimensional (2D) ultra-high-resolution (4K) monitors. 3D HD systems offer a number of potential benefits to surgeons and patients over traditional 2D systems, including reduced operating time, blood loss, and hospital stay. However, the performance of 3D systems against the new, ultra-high definition 4K systems is barely known and highly controversial. There is a paucity of studies comparing them in clinical settings. The aim of this study is to compare 2D 4K and 3D HD perspectives in gastric bypass surgery. Methods Forty-eight patients with an indication for gastric bypass will be randomized to receive laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery using either 2D 4K or 3D HD systems. The operations will be performed by a well-coordinated team of three senior surgeons. The primary outcome is operative time. Secondary outcomes include intraoperative complications, blood loss, operator workload as assessed by the validated Surg-TLX questionnaire, and postoperative complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. An interim analysis is planned after enrollment of 12 participants for each group. Discussion This prospective, randomized trial is designed to test the hypothesis that the use of a 3D HD system will result in a significant improvement in operative time compared to a 2D 4K system in bariatric surgery. The objective is to provide clinical evidence for new laparoscopic imaging systems and to evaluate potential benefits. Trial registration This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the identifier NCT05895058. Registered 30 May 2023. BASEC2023-D0014 [Registry ID Swissethics, approved 3 May 2023]. SNCTP000005489 [SNCTP study register, last updated 13 July 2023].
- Published
- 2024
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42. Avian vulnerability to wind farm collision through the year: Insights from lesser black‐backed gulls ( Larus fuscus ) tracked from multiple breeding colonies
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Niall H. K. Burton, Elizabeth A. Masden, Greg J. Conway, Gary D. Clewley, Willem Bouten, Nigel A. Clark, Lee J. Barber, Viola H. Ross-Smith, Chris B. Thaxter, and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Wind power ,Ecology ,biology ,Human–wildlife conflict ,business.industry ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Vulnerability ,Climate change ,Annual cycle ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Fishery ,Geography ,Seasonal breeder ,Conservation status ,Larus fuscus ,business - Abstract
1. Wind energy generation has become an important means to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and mitigate against human‐induced climate change, but could also represent a significant human–wildlife conflict. Airborne taxa such as birds may be particularly sensitive to collision mortality with wind turbines, yet the relative vulnerability of species’ populations across their annual life cycles has not been evaluated.2. Using GPS telemetry, we studied the movements of lesser black‐backed gulls Larus fuscus from three UK breeding colonies through their annual cycle. We modelled the distance travelled by birds at altitudes between the minimum and maximum rotor sweep zone of turbines, combined with the probability of collision, to estimate sensitivity to collision. Sensitivity was then combined with turbine density (exposure) to evaluate spatio‐temporal vulnerability.3. Sensitivity was highest near to colonies during the breeding season, where a greater distance travelled by birds was in concentrated areas where they were exposed to turbines.4. Consequently, vulnerability was high near to colonies but was also high at some migration bottlenecks and wintering sites where, despite a reduced sensitivity, exposure to turbines was greatest.5. Synthesis and applications. Our framework combines bird‐borne telemetry and spatial data on the location of wind turbines to identify potential areas of conflict for migratory populations throughout their annual cycle. This approach can aid the wind farm planning process by: (a) providing sensitivity maps to inform wind farm placement, helping minimize impacts; (b) identifying areas of high vulnerability where mitigation warrants exploration; (c) highlighting potential cumulative impacts of developments over international boundaries and (d) informing the conservation status of species at protected sites. Our methods can identify pressures and linkages for populations using effect‐specific metrics that are transferable and could help resolve other human–wildlife conflicts.
- Published
- 2019
43. Homologous recombination proficient subtypes of high-grade serous ovarian cancer: treatment options for a poor prognosis group
- Author
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Nadja Stiegeler, Dale W. Garsed, George Au-Yeung, David D. L. Bowtell, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, and Tibor A. Zwimpfer
- Subjects
ovarian cancer ,homologous recombination proficiency ,treatment resistance ,PARP inhibitor ,CDK inhibitor ,PI3K inhibitor ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Approximately 50% of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) have functional homologous recombination-mediated (HR) DNA repair, so-called HR-proficient tumors, which are often associated with primary platinum resistance (relapse within six months after completion of first-line therapy), minimal benefit from poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, and shorter survival. HR-proficient tumors comprise multiple molecular subtypes including cases with CCNE1 amplification, AKT2 amplification or CDK12 alteration, and are often characterized as “cold” tumors with fewer infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased expression of PD-1/PD-L1. Several new treatment approaches aim to manipulate these negative prognostic features and render HR-proficient tumors more susceptible to treatment. Alterations in multiple different molecules and pathways in the DNA damage response are driving new drug development to target HR-proficient cancer cells, such as inhibitors of the CDK or P13K/AKT pathways, as well as ATR inhibitors. Treatment combinations with chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors and agents targeting DNA replication stress have shown promising preclinical and clinical results. New approaches in immunotherapy are also being explored, including vaccines or antibody drug conjugates. Many approaches are still in the early stages of development and further clinical trials will determine their clinical relevance. There is a need to include HR-proficient tumors in ovarian cancer trials and to analyze them in a more targeted manner to provide further evidence for their specific therapy, as this will be crucial in improving the overall prognosis of HGSC and ovarian cancer in general.
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- 2024
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44. Synthesis of the land carbon fluxes of the Amazon region between 2010 and 2020
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Thais M. Rosan, Stephen Sitch, Michael O’Sullivan, Luana S. Basso, Chris Wilson, Camila Silva, Emanuel Gloor, Dominic Fawcett, Viola Heinrich, Jefferson G. Souza, Francisco Gilney Silva Bezerra, Celso von Randow, Lina M. Mercado, Luciana Gatti, Andy Wiltshire, Pierre Friedlingstein, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Mathew Williams, Luke Smallman, Jürgen Knauer, Vivek Arora, Daniel Kennedy, Hanqin Tian, Wenping Yuan, Atul K. Jain, Stefanie Falk, Benjamin Poulter, Almut Arneth, Qing Sun, Sönke Zaehle, Anthony P. Walker, Etsushi Kato, Xu Yue, Ana Bastos, Philippe Ciais, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Clement Albergel, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Subjects
Geology ,QE1-996.5 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract The Amazon is the largest continuous tropical forest in the world and plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Human-induced disturbances and climate change have impacted the Amazon carbon balance. Here we conduct a comprehensive synthesis of existing state-of-the-art estimates of the contemporary land carbon fluxes in the Amazon using a set of bottom-up methods (i.e., dynamic vegetation models and bookkeeping models) and a top-down inversion (atmospheric inversion model) over the Brazilian Amazon and the whole Biogeographical Amazon domain. Over the whole biogeographical Amazon region bottom-up methodologies suggest a small average carbon sink over 2010-2020, in contrast to a small carbon source simulated by top-down inversion (2010-2018). However, these estimates are not significantly different from one another when accounting for their large individual uncertainties, highlighting remaining knowledge gaps, and the urgent need to reduce such uncertainties. Nevertheless, both methodologies agreed that the Brazilian Amazon has been a net carbon source during recent climate extremes and that the south-eastern Amazon was a net land carbon source over the whole study period (2010-2020). Overall, our results point to increasing human-induced disturbances (deforestation and forest degradation by wildfires) and reduction in the old-growth forest sink during drought.
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- 2024
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45. Detection of isoforms and genomic alterations by high-throughput full-length single-cell RNA sequencing in ovarian cancer
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Arthur Dondi, Ulrike Lischetti, Francis Jacob, Franziska Singer, Nico Borgsmüller, Ricardo Coelho, Tumor Profiler Consortium, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz, Christian Beisel, and Niko Beerenwinkel
- Subjects
Science - Abstract
Abstract Understanding the complex background of cancer requires genotype-phenotype information in single-cell resolution. Here, we perform long-read single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on clinical samples from three ovarian cancer patients presenting with omental metastasis and increase the PacBio sequencing depth to 12,000 reads per cell. Our approach captures 152,000 isoforms, of which over 52,000 were not previously reported. Isoform-level analysis accounting for non-coding isoforms reveals 20% overestimation of protein-coding gene expression on average. We also detect cell type-specific isoform and poly-adenylation site usage in tumor and mesothelial cells, and find that mesothelial cells transition into cancer-associated fibroblasts in the metastasis, partly through the TGF-β/miR-29/Collagen axis. Furthermore, we identify gene fusions, including an experimentally validated IGF2BP2::TESPA1 fusion, which is misclassified as high TESPA1 expression in matched short-read data, and call mutations confirmed by targeted NGS cancer gene panel results. With these findings, we envision long-read scRNA-seq to become increasingly relevant in oncology and personalized medicine.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Mind the gap: reconciling tropical forest carbon flux estimates from earth observation and national reporting requires transparency
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Viola Heinrich, Jo House, David A. Gibbs, Nancy Harris, Martin Herold, Giacomo Grassi, Roberta Cantinho, Thais M. Rosan, Barbara Zimbres, Julia Z. Shimbo, Joana Melo, Tristram Hales, Stephen Sitch, and Luiz E. O. C. Aragão
- Subjects
Forests ,CO2 flux ,LULUCF ,Removal factors ,Transparency ,Managed land proxy ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Background The application of different approaches calculating the anthropogenic carbon net flux from land, leads to estimates that vary considerably. One reason for these variations is the extent to which approaches consider forest land to be “managed” by humans, and thus contributing to the net anthropogenic flux. Global Earth Observation (EO) datasets characterising spatio-temporal changes in land cover and carbon stocks provide an independent and consistent approach to estimate forest carbon fluxes. These can be compared against results reported in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (NGHGIs) to support accurate and timely measuring, reporting and verification (MRV). Using Brazil as a primary case study, with additional analysis in Indonesia and Malaysia, we compare a Global EO-based dataset of forest carbon fluxes to results reported in NGHGIs. Results Between 2001 and 2020, the EO-derived estimates of all forest-related emissions and removals indicate that Brazil was a net sink of carbon (− 0.2 GtCO2yr−1), while Brazil’s NGHGI reported a net carbon source (+ 0.8 GtCO2yr−1). After adjusting the EO estimate to use the Brazilian NGHGI definition of managed forest and other assumptions used in the inventory’s methodology, the EO net flux became a source of + 0.6 GtCO2yr−1, comparable to the NGHGI. Remaining discrepancies are due largely to differing carbon removal factors and forest types applied in the two datasets. In Indonesia, the EO and NGHGI net flux estimates were similar (+ 0.6 GtCO2 yr−1), but in Malaysia, they differed in both magnitude and sign (NGHGI: -0.2 GtCO2 yr−1; Global EO: + 0.2 GtCO2 yr−1). Spatially explicit datasets on forest types were not publicly available for analysis from either NGHGI, limiting the possibility of detailed adjustments. Conclusions By adjusting the EO dataset to improve comparability with carbon fluxes estimated for managed forests in the Brazilian NGHGI, initially diverging estimates were largely reconciled and remaining differences can be explained. Despite limited spatial data available for Indonesia and Malaysia, our comparison indicated specific aspects where differing approaches may explain divergence, including uncertainties and inaccuracies. Our study highlights the importance of enhanced transparency, as set out by the Paris Agreement, to enable alignment between different approaches for independent measuring and verification.
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- 2023
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47. Methods of Tracking Newborns: New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry, 2015-2017
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Zahra S Alaali, Viola H Glaze, Nicole D. Longcore, Pauline Santos, and Nina Ahmad
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Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Databases, Factual ,Population ,New York ,Mothers ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,030225 pediatrics ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Registries ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Zika Virus Infection ,Data Collection ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Zika Virus ,medicine.disease ,AJPH Surveillance ,Recien nacido ,Population Surveillance ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objectives. To describe methods employed to track infants enrolled in the New York State Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (NYSZPIR) and demonstrate the benefits of population databases to improve the process. Methods. We used patient medical records and provider outreach, New York State Immunization Information System (NYSIIS), and New York State Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Information System (NYEHDI-IS) to gather medical information. We used descriptive statistics to summarize variables and the McNemar test to determine statistical significance (P Results. We identified 109 live births from NYSZPIR mothers. Provider information was documented for 106 (97.2%) infants in NYSIIS compared with 72 (66.1%) through chart review. Collected results of newborn hearing screening increased from 82 (75.2%) to 106 (97.2%) using NYEHDI-IS. The amount of data obtained was significantly higher (P Conclusions. Public health surveillance systems can be used to track infants using data sources such as NYSIIS and NYEHDI-IS in addition to traditional methods. Using medical records alone is inadequate for locating and tracking infants and may result in high lost to follow-up rates.
- Published
- 2019
48. Dodging the blades: new insights into three-dimensional space use of offshore wind farms by lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus
- Author
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Lee J. Barber, Elizabeth A. Masden, Willem Bouten, Viola H. Ross-Smith, Niall H. K. Burton, Chris B. Thaxter, Gary D. Clewley, Greg J. Conway, Nigel A. Clark, and Theoretical and Computational Ecology (IBED, FNWI)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Ecology ,biology ,Human–wildlife conflict ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Gps telemetry ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Collision risk ,Fishery ,Offshore wind power ,Geography ,biology.animal ,Tracking data ,Seabird ,Larus fuscus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
GPS telemetry is improving our understanding of the way animals interact with their environment. Recent research has used this technology to assess the impact of offshore wind farms (OWFs) on seabirds, but few studies have collected fine-scale data from birds flying within OWFs. We use GPS telemetry to investigate movements of lesser black-backed gulls Larus fuscus in relation to OWFs from a protected site with an active breeding colony. Individual birds varied considerably in their use of OWFs; 15 out of 24 birds visited them, and time spent in these areas was 1.3% of time budgets across all birds. Two birds, for which the most data was collected, frequently entered OWFs and flew at turbine blade height; however, their overlap with the spherical 3-dimensional rotor swept volume was significantly lower than a random distribution. Although preliminary, these tracking data suggest a lack of a macro-scale (wind farm-scale) avoidance for L. fuscus but a potential meso-scale (within wind farm-scale) avoidance of turbines. Such data are therefore important in improving our understanding of the implications of OWFs for seabirds.
- Published
- 2018
49. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF E. COLI AND SALMONELLA SPECIES ISOLATED from FRESH WATER FISH BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS (PCR)
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Adel H. El-Gohary, Viola H. Zaki, and Mostafa M. Nabih
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Fresh water fish ,Salmonella species ,biology ,Chemistry ,biology.protein ,Chain reaction ,Polymerase ,Microbiology ,Molecular identification - Published
- 2017
50. A novel viral responsive protein (MjVRP) from Marsupenaeus japonicus haemocytes is involved in white spot syndrome virus infection
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Hidehiro Kondo, Keiichiro Koiwai, Viola H. Zaki, Samia Elbahnaswy, Ikuo Hirono, and A. A. Shaheen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Hemocytes ,White spot syndrome ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Immunofluorescence ,Virus ,Arthropod Proteins ,Penaeus monodon ,Flow cytometry ,Pathogenesis ,03 medical and health sciences ,White spot syndrome virus 1 ,Penaeidae ,medicine ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Phylogeny ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Gene Expression Profiling ,General Medicine ,Flow Cytometry ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Immunity, Innate ,Blot ,030104 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Sequence Alignment ,Immunostaining - Abstract
A viral responsive protein (MjVRP) was characterized from Marsupenaeus japonicus haemocytes. In amino acid homology and phylogenetic tree analyses, MjVRP clustered in the same group with the viral responsive protein of Penaeus monodon (PmVRP15), showing 34% identity. MjVRP transcripts were mainly expressed in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ. Western blotting likewise showed that MjVRP was strongly expressed in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ. Immunostaining detected MjVRP within the cytosol next to the perinuclear region in some haemocytes. Experimental challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of MjVRP in the M. japonicus haemocytes at 6 and 48 h. Flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed that the ratio of MjVRP+ haemocytes significantly increased 24 and 48 h post-WSSV infection. These results suggest that MjVRP+ haemocytes have a supporting role in the pathogenesis of WSSV.
- Published
- 2017
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