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Ageism can be very detrimental for the old age groups. The study was conducted on the bases of cultural zone Hisar from Bagar and Nuh from Ahirwati. This is descriptory as well as exploratory type of study which is designed to get specific required information on cultural problems faced by them. Sample for this study has been collected data from urban and rural areas of each district was taken to make a total sample size of 256 old aged women respondents.The objectives of the study is to know the level of Cultural problems areas related to new generation of the elderly women along with socio economic factors associated with cultural problems. Most of the elderly women (45.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ that the changing dress pattern was a threat for preservation of culture followed by ‘neutral’ (34.00%) and ‘disagree’ (20.30). Most of the elderly women (47.70%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (47.70%) that fast food replaced the home made and simple food. Most of the elderly women (49.60%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (49.60%) that girls should not be allowed to stay in hostels followed by ‘neutral’ (35.20%) and ‘disagree’ (23.80). Most of the elderly women (43.80%) of both the districts were ‘agree’ (43.80%) that inter caste was marriage perceived as cultural diffusion. The cultural problems among the elderly women were found significantly (P ≤0.01, Z = 4.58) higher in rural area (49.68). To sustain dignity of old women awards should be instituted for the women who are serving to the best of their in-laws by the village panchayat /local bodies.. Most of the elderly women with age group ‘60-70 years’ (47.7%) in rural areas were found significantly associated with the cultural problems with a chi square statistic c2 = 13.80 at a = 0.01 level.

Farmers have been performing agriculture and allied activities since the dawn of human civilization. The agriculture industries rely heavily on the hard work and dedication of the farmers to provide food and other resources to the entire population. Despite, their vital role many farmers struggle to make ends meet due to low revenue of farm produce. The paper addresses the current nature of Indian agriculture, the change in the pattern variables governing them, and the challenges faced by Indian farmers at large. Doubling farmer’s income is necessary to address these challenges and to ensure sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, it can help in improving their livelihoods and well-being by enabling them to meet their basic needs. The researcher’s focus will be towards generating substantial returns for the farmers. A thorough exposition will also be on the welfare approach and how the government’s decisive role in policymaking will go to lengths to protect the interests of the farmers. In addition to these, a discussion of the novel techniques will also find a place in the paper. The paper will eventually end on a note providing a sociological analysis of how the improved, innovative technologies have are harbinger of new era for Indian agriculture in general and farmers in particular.

Considering the significance of Chrysomya megacephala (F.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and their larval instars in forensic-entomological investigations, a culture of C. megacephala was established and morphological features of second and third larval instars were studied under a compound microscope. To validate the species’ morphological identification, sequencing of the ‘standard barcode region’ (658 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene) was performed and this sequence was subjected to BLAST analysis using the NCBI database which acknowledged it as Chrysomya megacephala with 99.39% identity with sequence of same species collected from Maharashtra, India. The phylogenetic analysis congregated Jaipur population separately than other samples from different regions of India, however, not much variations were recorded. This is the maiden report of molecular identification of C. megacephala from Rajasthan.

The study was set about in the state of Haryana to gauge the knowledge and adoption level of the drip irrigation system (DIS) in the cotton crop amongst the farmers. The research highlighted that more than two-thirds of the farmers (68.33%) had a high level of knowledge of DIS. The socio-economic factors such as the family income, size of the landholdings, exposure to the mass media, education level and the socio-economic status of the respondents were significantly correlated with the overall levels of knowledge and adoption of DIS by the farmers. On a whole, more concentrated efforts are the call of the hour to increase the knowledge levels and adoption of micro irrigation techniques on a wider scale.

Water is becoming increasing scare which limits agricultural development not only in Indiabut also in many parts of the world. Drip irrigation is an incredibly efficient wateringmethod that slowly delivers water directly to plant root system. The present study wasundertaken to assess the knowledge and adoption level of drip irrigation in citrus cropsamong farmers of Haryana state. Majority of respondents belonged to middle age group(51.67%), general castes (96.67%), joint families (68.33%) and having land between 4-10hectares (45.00%). It was found that majority of sampled farmers (61.67%) had high levelof knowledge while 31.67 per cent had moderate level of knowledge of drip irrigation.More number of farmers had high level of adoption (40.00%) whereas 35.00 per cent hadmedium and 25.00 per cent had low level of adoption of drip irrigation. Socio-economicfactors like income, landholding, mass media exposure, education and socio-economic statusof farmers were found significantly associated with the level of knowledge and adoptionof drip irrigation. It is concluded that more efforts are required to increase the knowledgeof farmers about drip irrigation for wider adoption of micro-irrigation technologies.

In traditional medicine, Illicium verum is regarded as the most important plant as it possesses a variety of active components which are responsible for medicinal characteristics such as antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-carminative effects. Nanoparticles have been synthesized from illicium verum employing biodegradable polymer like poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA which is widely used as a drug delivery system owing to its two significant properties such as biocompatibility and controlled drug release characteristics. Earlier synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial studies on these biocompatible nanoparticles were carried out, however, kinetic release models need more instigation. The objective behind this work is to formulate illicium verum loaded PLGA nanoparticles employing solvent evaporation technique and to study kinetic release patterns of the synthesized biocompatible nanoparticles. This work considers the effects of some preparation variables on the size and shape of synthesized nanoparticles and the results show that sonication time, polymer content, the ratio of organic to aqueous phase volume, and the amount of drug have a significant effect on the size of nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) which shows nanoparticles with a size range below 270 nm was successfully prepared. The drug release from drug-loaded nanoparticles was studied by dialysis bag method and the in vitro drug release data was also studied by using various kinetic models. The release profile corresponds to first-order kinetics, specifying that the delivery phase is directly proportional to the absorption of therapeutics in the nanoparticulate, and corresponds to the Higuchi model, indicating medication released by diffusion. The effectiveness of various dosage kinds is controlled by studying the drug's release pattern.

Background: Jhunjhunu district has semi-arid climatic condition which is favorable to flourish ground beetles. Diversity of ground beetles are beneficial to agricultural ecosystem as carabid beetles are prominent decomposers and reduce population of insect pest specially, caterpillars. The present study aimed to document diversity of ground beetles which will provide first even preliminary information needed for their conservation and use in integrated pest management program. Methods: Sampling was carried out in Jhunjhunu district from January 2021 to December 2021. Four sampling sites viz., Site-A (agriculture land), Site-B (Plains are relatively flat land which is dominated by grasses, herbs and shrubs), Site-C (rocky area) and Site-D (blanks of water bodies) were selected based on different habitats situation. Carabid beetles were collected using pitfall trap, hand picking and light trap and identified by valid taxonomic keys. Result: Diversity indices authenticated a good diversity and abundance of ground beetles in the district. A total of 956 individuals of carabid beetles, representing 28 species and 19 genera belonging to 11 subfamilies viz. Harpalinae (7 species), Trechinae (7 species), Brachininae (3 species), Scaritinae (3 species), Lebiinae (2 species), Paussinae (1 species), Anthiinae (1 species), Carabinae (1 species), Pterostichinae (1 species), Platyninae (1 species), Cicindelinae (1 species) under Carabidae family were collected and identified from various habitats of study area. On the basis of total number of individuals Dromius quadrimaculatus is the most dominant species and constituted 18.62% of total beetles followed by Chlaenius bimaculatus (8.05%), Tetragonoderus intermedius (7.64%) Lophyra differens (6.80%) and Bembidion ambiguum (5.02%). The highest diversity was observed at Site-B (H=2.72, J=0.83, M=4.43) followed by Site-A (H=2.72, J=0.83, M=4.08), Site-C (H=2.52, J=0.90, M=3.48) and Site-D (H=2.25, J=0.87, M=2.25).

Acridids are cosmopolitan, active, diurnal and voracious phytophagous insects in both larval and adult stages. These insects are generally known as a pest in agricultural farms and are accountable for locust attacks and outbreak situations. The current study reported on the distribution and diversity of acridids in the semiarid eastern plain, Rajasthan. The study area was surveyed from April 2021 to September 2021 and observed 17 acridids representing 14 genera, 7 subfamilies, and 10 tribes of the Acrididae family. The species abundance, distribution, and their relationship with abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and rainfall) are also discussed. The subfamily Hemiacridinae was the most abundant, with the species Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus that was responsible for grasshopper outbreaks in agricultural farms. Subfamily Gomphocerinae was found to be the least abundant, whereas subfamily Oedipodinae had the highest species richness in the research area. Shannon Diversity Index (H’), Simpson’s Diversity Index (D’), Dominance, and Evenness were calculated as, 1.294, 0.4951, 0.5049, and 0.2146, respectively, indicating that acridids are quite diverse in the surveyed area.

Growth and development of acridid grasshopper, Chrotogonus trachypterus Blanchard was greatly influenced by different levels of temperature (20, 25, 30, 35 and 37oC) and relative humidity (40, 60 and 70%). A laboratory study was revealed that temperature between 30-35oC with 60% relative humidity is mostly suitable for life cycle of the test insect. Maximum oviposition period was 54.6±2.21 days at 25oC whereas, maximum hatching percent was recorded at 30oC (90.6±1.18). Average fecundity of a female increased with the increase in temperature up to 35oC (242.1±2.55) but decreased at 37oC. Developmental period of nymphs was longer at 20oC as 94.03±3.45 and 105.3±3.16 days for males and females whereas, nymphs quickly developed at 37oC within 50.3±0.55 and 60.2±2.44 days, respectively. Highest survivability was obtained at 25o and 30oC. Relative humidity ranged from 60-70% gave non-significant differences and found to be most suitable for insect growth. Study of interaction of ecological factors will be helpful in management strategy of the pest and future adaptation behavior and outbreak issues.

Background: Aim of the study was to access the knowledge regarding menstruation and sanitary products among young women from rural, urban and slum areas of Gurugram and Nuh.Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 240 young women of Gurugram and Nuh districts of Haryana, India with the help of a pre-designed semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analyzed using MS-Excel. Chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation and two sample t-test were used as statistical tools to analyze the data.Results: The overall level of knowledge regarding menstruation was found to be poor among 84.2 percent of women from Nuh and 49.2 percent from Gurugram. The findings of the study revealed that education of respondents and their mother, occupation of respondent, socio-economic status, mass media exposure and religion etc. were highly significantly associated with level of knowledge regarding menstruation. Knowledge regarding menstruation was found positively correlated with menstrual hygiene practices (r=0.545** in Gurugram and r=0.270* in Nuh) and with the general perceptions regarding menstruation (r=0.500** in Gurugram and r=0.256* in Nuh) respectively. A significant difference was observed in the knowledge regarding menstruation of women from rural, urban and slum areas of Gurugram and Nuh.Conclusions: Women still lacked of proper knowledge about this crucial phenomenon of their body which leads to various unhygienic menstrual practices and misconceptions about menstruation. Knowledge of young women can be improved through education interventions on menstruation and its importance in their life.

Medical imaging is playing an effective role in diagnosing diseases noninvasively. There are many denoising filters, but previous filters have not attained the desirable results. Denoising techniques have to be applied in such a way that, they preserve and enhance diagnostic relevant information of the MRI images. Therefore noise reduction has always been a challenge for researchers. A hybrid denoising technique based on Sylvester-Lyapunov Equation and Non Local Means method has been proposed in this work. This hybrid denoising technique has been compared with the existing techniques of denoising by varying noise levels in brain images of Brainweb dataset and real dataset. Efficiency of methods have been discussed by measuring PSNR and SSIM coefficients.

Human rights are as old as human civilizations and the term represent the rights of all human beings of both sex men and women. It has identified gender equality, in accessibility of human rights. No discrimination is allowed or imposed in exercise of these rights. Women represent about half of total population in India, but gender biasness and gender inequality are main features of Indian society. Women have been denied equal rights for centuries. Study was conducted in Karnal district of Haryana state on 200 women respondents from Nardak cultural zone to know the awareness about the laws related to crime against women. It was observed that awareness about laws was found in majority of respondents (86.0%) and awareness was found associated with age, education, occupation, caste and mass-media exposure as indicated by c2 values.

Cinnamon act as potential drug for lot of curable diseases such as Diabetes. For increasing its bioavailability as a drug, Nano encapsulation of cinnamon powder was carried out using solvent evaporation method. The effect of organic solvent and surfactant such as PVA(Polyvinylalcohol) and Pluronic F-68 was studied. The morphology and particle size of nanoparticles was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Drug release study for cinnamon and corresponding nanoparticles was also done. Results show that different surfactants have different impact on nanoparticles size and morphology. Nanoparticles obtained were in size range of 100–250 nm. The study reveals that cinnamon loaded PLGA nanoparticles has potential therapeutic efficiency and may be used in treatment of type II Diabetes.

Nanoscale drug delivery systems have shown their ability to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic agents. By encapsulating these molecules the solubility and stability of drug is improved. Cinnamon act as potential drug for lot of curable diseases such as Diabetes. For increasing its bioavailability as a drug, nanoencapsulation of cinnamon powder was carried out using solvent evaporation method. The effect of organic solvent and surfactant such as PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol) and Pluronic F-68 was studied. The morphology and particle size of nanoparticles was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) which shows nanoparticles of small size (10 nm for Cinnamon. Nanoencapsulation of Cinnamon also shows high entrapment efficiency (82.34% for Cinnamon) respectively and also improvement in inhibition of microbial growth. During microbial analysis, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cinnamon loaded nanoparticles against the Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus pumilus shows the inhibition zone of 9.12 mm and 10.39mm respectively at 6000 ppm whereas in case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans the nanopaticles shows inhibition zone of 7.23mm and 8.47 mm respectively at 4000ppm. Drug release study for cinnamon and corresponding nanoparticles was also done. The main objective behind the work in hand is the preparation of Cinnamon loaded poly (lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles for increasing the efficacy towards different ailments.

Background: Tumors of the central nervous system in the pediatric age group occur relatively frequently during the early years of life. Brain tumors are the most common solid malignancies of childhood and only second to acute childhood leukemia. Squash cytology is an indispensable diagnostic aid to central nervous system (CNS) lesions. The definitive diagnosis of brain lesions is confirmed by histological examination. Aim: To study the cytology of CNS lesions in pediatric population and correlate it with histopathology. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty cases of CNS lesions in pediatric patients were studied over a period of 2 years. Intraoperative squash smears were prepared, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined. Remaining sample was subjected to histopathological examination. Results: Medulloblastoma (24.0%) was the most frequently encountered tumor followed by pilocyctic astrocytoma (21.33%) and ependymoma (13.33%). Diagnostic accuracy of squash smear technique was 94.67% when compared with histological diagnosis. Conclusion: Smear cytology is a fairly accurate tool for intraoperative CNS consultations.

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) have functional versatility and high speed switching capability. The integration of resonant tunneling diodes and MOS transistor makes threshold gates and logics. The design and fabrication of linear threshold gates will be presented based on a monostable bistable transition logic element. Each of its input terminals consist out of a resonant tunnelling diode merged with a transistor device. The circuit models of RTD and MOSFET are simulated in HSPICE. Two input XOR gate is designed and tested.

DESIDOC has made considerable efforts over the years towards collection development and database development to serve the large number of scientists/engineers working in various Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) labs/estts and top management at DRDO HQrs. The Defence Science Library (DSL) of DESIDOC has developed into a major information resource centre by way of over 2.39 lakh documents in its collection. For achieving the optimum use of LIS resources, a user-friendly library automation software, DeLAS, has been developed with six integrated modules: acquisition, cataloguing, OPAC, serial control, circulation control, and Web OPAC. The DSL has been regularly subscribing CD-ROM and online databases. DESIDOC has initiated a project 'Virtual Walkthrough for Defence Science Library.' It has two modules: Module 1—General Browsing—Through DRONA, users can take virtual tour of the DSL which is completely user interactive that means that user can take the tour at his own pace and Module 2—Guided Tour—complements the text-based search of the user for the books with an extended multimedia interface. DESIDOC made significant progress in the development of digital resources underlying digital library technologies that include: Full-text CD of Defence Science Journal (1950-2005); Patrika (Newspaper Clippings 2000-2005); DRDO Science Spectrum; Popular Science and Technology Series (13 books), Database of Photo Negatives of important events and so on. DESIDOC is bringing out a large number of regular and ad hoc special publications such as Defence Science Journal, Technology Focus, DRDO Newsletter and DRDO Samachar which have undergone various changes in terms of coverage, quality, and timeliness over the period of time. A large number of special publications are also brought out each year to meet the needs of DRDO HQrs and labs/estts. DESIDOC developed a large-sized ‘DRDO website’ providing information on key activities of the DRDO labs/estts, and technical directorates. This paper highlights some of the products created and services offered by DESIDOC to fulfill its vision of processing and dissemination of information to defence scientists. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.26.2.3675

Digitizing video is a complex process. Many factors affect the quality of the resulting digital video, including: quality of source video (recording equipment, video formats, lighting, etc.), equipment used for digitization, and application(s) used for editing and compressing digital movies. In this article, an attempt is made to outline the various steps taken for video digitization followed by the basic infrastructure required to create such facility in-house.http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.22.4.3572

This article gives in brief the various aspects involved in creation of website. It highlights the importance of prior planning which is the basicstep. Other important aspects for creating a website as web editors, URLS/lnternet address, graphics software, web authoring, and search engines are also introduced. It gives the process of registration of domain name for website along with the various option and technologies involved in the hosting and uploading of a website. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.21.2.3537

Multimedia presentations have become a favourite medium for conveying ideas, messages, project reports, products’ information; describing marketing strategy; presenting annual growth, and so on in business/commercial houses. It is also being used a lot in academics and entertainment. Definitely the addition of multimedia effects certainly gives lively and interactive appearance to any presentation. This article describes application of multimedia and use of it in libraries. The various aspects of managing a multimedia presentation are discussed in detail. Planning is one of the most important part in management of any activity. The various other factors like analysis, design, development, implementation during the preparation of any multimedia presentation to be considered are discussed. Organising the multimedia team is also a very important part of management of any multimedia activity. Its various members and their roles are described.http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.23.5.3608

Computers waved a (magic) wand and the whole process creation, access, delivery and preservation of information changed for the literary, scholarly, artistic, scientific and domestic community. Computers transformed the analogue world in to the digital world of 0 and 1. Digitisation came as a most wonderful and welcome tool in hands of libraries, museums, archives, societies, publishers, and others for preserving billions of paper/analogue documents in digital format for retaining their original look as well as with a point of view of their future relevance and potential. Preservation is the activity of protecting something from loss or danger. Digital preservation includes the preservation of print and non print material in digitised form for effective, efficient and purposeful use.Any library can’t digitise all its resources. What should it do? What should it preserve? Why should and for whom should it preserve? How this ever changing digitisation scenario is putting a pressure on librarians/archivists, etc. This paper is making an attempt to seek answers to these questions. This paper also explores the concept of preservation by digitisation, the need of digital preservation, and the problems of digital preservation. How digital preservation activities are being carried out by DESIDOC for its publications: Defence Science Journal, DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology, PST Series, etc., are described. A detailed case study of development of database of negatives of photographs taken at various events, being developed by DESIDOC by use of various software like MS Access, Corel Draw, PhotoShop, etc., is discussed. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.25.1.3646

Potentiometric evidences have been cited for the formation of 1∶1∶1 ternary complexes in the systems: Cu(II)/Ni(II)-glycine-diamines [where diamines = ethylenediamine (en), propylenediamine (pn), o-phenylenediamine (phenen) and 1.8-naphthalenediamine (naphen)].

Chemical Laboratories, Agra College, Agra Manuscript received 28 March 1977, accepted 21 November 1977 Formation of 1:1:1:1 quaternary complexes of dioxouranium(VI) ion with dibasic acids such as oxalic (OX), malonic (MALN), phthalic (PHA) and maleic (MA) acids has been inferred from \(p\)H metric studies and the stability constants of tile resulting species have been evaluated.

Chemical Laboratories, Agra College, Agra. (India) Manuscript received 22 June 1978. revised 30 June 1979, accepted 6 October 1979 The formation of quaternary complexes of dioxouranium(VI) with three different organic acids (OX. MALN and SA, SSA, TAR or TMA) has been inferred from the potentiometric studies. The formation constants for the resulting trlligand complexes have been evaluated. &nbsp

Potentiometric evidences have been cited for the formation of 1∶1∶1 ternary complexes in the systems: Cu(II)/Ni(II)-glycine-diamines [where diamines = ethylenediamine (en), propylenediamine (pn), o-phenylenediamine (phenen) and 1.8-naphthalenediamine (naphen)].

Chemical Laboratories, Agra College, Agra Manuscript received 19 November 1976 ; accepted 21 March 1977 Formation of 1 : 1 : 1 ternary complexes in the system : Zn(II)/Cd(II)-NTA-H2A (where H2A = oxalic (OX), malonic (MALN), succinic (SUC), phthalic acid (PHA)) has been evidenced potentiometrically. The formation constants and thermodynamic functions viz. AG, OH and AS have been calculated for the resulting complexes at 25±1° and 35±1°. The order of stability in terms of metal is Zn(II)>Cd(II).

Chemical Laboratories, Agra College, Agra Manuscript received 19 July 1974; accepted 23 September 1974 Potentiometric Studies on Ternary Complexes of Nickel (II).