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A new species of microhylid frog Microhyla kodial sp. nov. from the west coast of India is described in this paper. It is distinct from all described species of Microhyla occurring in South and Southeast Asia as revealed by a combination of morphological, molecular and acoustic characters. The new species is characterized by absence of lateral body stripe, tuberculated dorsal skin surface, absence of webbing between fingers, presence of basal webbing between toes and absence of dorsal marginal groove on finger and toe disc. Each male advertisement call lasts for 0.11-0.42 s and is comprised of 2-7 pulses with a dominant frequency of 3.3-4.2 kHz. The breeding season is short, limited to the rainy season (June to September) and the females lay up to 300 eggs per clutch. A molecular phylogenetic tree constructed using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene shows that M. kodial sp. nov. is closely related to the M. achatina group from Southeast Asia. The uncorrected genetic divergence between the new species and its closest congeners M. heymonsi, M. mantheyi, M. borneensis and M. orientalis were 7.3-7.6 %, 7.5-7.8%, 7.8-8.1% and 8.1-8.4% respectively. At present, this species is known only from the type locality, a highly disturbed urban and industrialized area which needs conservation intervention.

Microhyla sholigari is an endangered frog described in the year 2000. The original description was based on non-adult types and lacked information on several morphological characters, call structure, genetic material and photographs of the animal in life. The absence of such information posed challenges in field identification of this species. Since the original description, there is one other reported sighting of this species from Kerala in 2001. We encountered specimens that we confer to this species based on morphological similarity to the subadult holotype, from several new localities within and outside the Western Ghats of Karnataka. We here redescribe the species based on additional adult vouchers, provide molecular data, describe the advertisement call and report a range extension. Based on its current distribution, we assess the threat status of the species and suggest listing it as Least Concern according to IUCN Red List criteria. Our paper bridges an important gap in the knowledge of the genus Microhyla in India and highlights the importance of systematic surveys in documenting and understanding amphibian diversity in the region.