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Background: The objective of the study was to investigate the immune-histochemical expression of two proteins, galectin-1 and Np-63, in oral malignancy and lesions with and without epithelial dysplasia. The study aimed to compare the expression of these proteins in normal oral epithelium, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), potentially malignant oral disorders (PMODs) with and without epithelial dysplasia. Methods: Immuno-histochemical staining for galectins-1 and Np-63 was evaluated in 25 samples of normal oral epithelium, 25 samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 25 samples of PMODS with dysplasia and 25 samples of PMODs without dysplasia. Analyzed the data using the Chi-Square test. The result were presented descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), it was adopted the value of P Results: No significant difference was found in the inter group comparison of Gal-1 and Np-63 expression, indicating no abrupt change in expression of these markers in epithelium of normal mucosa, PMODs with and without dysplasia and OSCCs. Conclusion: Regarding the prognosis of different PMODs with and without dysplasia and different grades of OSCCs, no significant difference was found in the expression of both IHC markers. Therefore, the role of these markers as predicting/prognostic markers is questionable.

Introduction: Minimally invasive procedure for hemorrhoids (stapler hemorrhoidectomy) has been considered as a novel technique in the surgical treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids. Although it involves substantial added cost, it resulted in shorter period of convalescence in comparison with Open hemorrhoidectomy. T Aim: o investigate and compare the outcome and post-operative complications in patients with grade 2, 3 and 4 hemorrhoids who underwent hemorrhoidectomy with either Stapler hemorrhoidectomy or Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. A total of 80 patients betwee Methods: n the age group 28 to 40 years who were diagnosed with grade 2, 3 and 4 hemorrhoids, were divided into two groups equally. Group- 1 contains 40 Patients undergoing Stapler hemorrhoidectomy and Group- 2 contains 40 Patients undergoing Open hemorrhoidectomy/Milligan Morgan. Post-operatively patients of both the groups were assessed for bleeding, pain against pre-operative symptom prole, development of recurrence and long-term complications.. Results: MIPH is associated with signicantly less post operative pain (p

This paper aims to study the public transport mode choice behaviour of commuters in Delhi so that appropriate strategies to incentivize the use of public transport can be developed. We examine the efficacy of a multivariate statistical modelling approach to predict the probability of non-metro commuters to shift to the Delhi metro. We also analyse the reasons for this shift from private motor vehicles (PMVs) and buses. Data is collected through a survey of the metro commuters over various metro lines. A binomial logistic regression model is formulated to predict whether existing metro users have shifted from buses or are new additions to public transport shifting from PMVs. The model is validated well through several methods. The model analysis reveals that 57% of the metro users have shifted from buses and 28.8% from PMVs. The shift is more amongst females than males.

A mutation system possess the extensive theoretical components called mutation operators that are designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fault detection. Mutation testing of a software system rely extremely on the kinds of faults detected that the mutation operators are designed to represent. Therefore, the quality of the mutation operators is very significant to mutation testing. The interaction mutation provides criteria for the determination of the adequacy of tests generated for the software system. It helps in determining whether the test cases that have been created effectively detect all the possible faults in the software with sufficient mutation operators. The types of faults that the mutation operators are designed to represent plays a key role in determining the effectiveness of a test case. Therefore, the mutation testing heavily relies on the quality of the mutation operators. This work targets this issue by providing a set of additional mutation operators for creating mutants of the source code of few modules of an existing software system.