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Objectives: The aim of this study was to validate and determine the reliability of the Portuguese version of the Summated Xerostomia Inventory. Background: Many conditions such as head and neck radiation, autoimmune diseases or polypharmacy are characterised by hyposalivation which can affect oral and sys- temic quality of life. As such, this condition must be assessed, and the English version of the Xerostomia Inventory has been increasingly used to determine the severity of dry mouth perception. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, which employed volunteers suffering from hyposalivation after local ethical committee clearance. Each patient signed an informed consent and responded to the Portuguese version of the questionnaire in the form of an interview. This was repeated again after 2 weeks. A standard single question provided a validity check. Data were analysed using Cronbach's α to test its reliability and total and interitem correlation, and intraclass correlation to determine its internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Significance was set at .05. Results: A sample of 103 volunteers was recruited. Cronbach's α was .84 and .87 for the first and second test administrations, respectively. The intraclass correlation coef- ficient value for the test-retest reliability was .93, and scores for the individual items ranged from .79 to .90. The correlation between the total score of the questionnaire and standard single dry mouth question was .66, indicating a very good correlation. Conclusion: Demonstrating excellent psychometric properties, the Summated Xerostomia Inventory (Portuguese Version) is a valid tool for quantifying Xerostomia in a dry mouth-afflicted population.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mandibular condylar hyperplasia is a disease where excessive growth of mandibular condyle, ramus and body elicits facial asymmetry. Its therapeutic management is not a consensus and, due to its complexity, is a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. This study aimed at discussing clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the management of this disease, and at explaining the role of condylectomy. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 19 years old, Caucasian, looked for maxillofacial surgeon assistance due to facial asymmetry and pain on right temporomandibular joint. Patient had no medical, gestational or family history of facial deformity, or history of previous joint trauma or infection. This was a case of hemimandibular elongation treated with condylectomy. CONCLUSION: Condylectomy is a safe and effective procedure, without functional joint sequelae, which prevents dentalfacial deformity progression, minimizing its psychosocial impact and helping future treatment.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mandibular condylar hyperplasia is a disease where excessive growth of mandibular condyle, ramus and body elicits facial asymmetry. Its therapeutic management is not a consensus and, due to its complexity, is a challenge for maxillofacial surgeons and orthodontists. This study aimed at discussing clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of the management of this disease, and at explaining the role of condylectomy. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 19 years old, Caucasian, looked for maxillofacial surgeon assistance due to facial asymmetry and pain on right temporomandibular joint. Patient had no medical, gestational or family history of facial deformity, or history of previous joint trauma or infection. This was a case of hemimandibular elongation treated with condylectomy. CONCLUSION: Condylectomy is a safe and effective procedure, without functional joint sequelae, which prevents dentalfacial deformity progression, minimizing its psychosocial impact and helping future treatment. RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A hiperplasia da cabeça mandibular é uma doença na qual há um crescimento excessivo da cabeça, ramo e corpo mandibulares que causa assimetria facial. A sua abordagem terapêutica não apresenta um consenso e, dada a sua complexidade, constitui um desafio para o cirurgião maxilofacial e para o ortodontista. O objetivo deste estudo foi discutir os aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos envolvidos na abordagem dessa doença, clarificando o papel da condilectomia. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do gênero feminino, 19 anos, caucasiana, procurou atendimento de um Cirurgião Maxilofacial devido a assimetria facial e dor na articulação temporomandibular direita. Não possuía antecedentes médicos ou gestacionais ou familiares de deformidade facial, nem história de trauma ou infecção articular prévios. Apresenta-se um caso clínico de alongamento hemimandibular tratado com condilectomia. CONCLUSÃO: A condilectomia é um procedimento seguro e eficaz, sem sequelas articulares funcionais, que evita a progressão da deformidade dentofacial, minimizando o seu impacto psicossocial e facilitando o tratamento posterior.

Bonding agents play a crucial role in the effective sealing and retention of resin-based composite restorations, which have been increasingly placed and replaced by dentists in many countries around the world. In fact, direct adhesive restoration with composite resins has become the procedure of choice for the treatment of anterior and posterior teeth. However, long-term durability of those restorations may be compromised due to progressive loss of the integrity of adhesive interfaces. This means that no adhesive strategy is free from technique sensitivity. The specificity and proportion of different constitutive molecules, the interaction between them and substrates can differ greatly from one class of adhesive system to another, which can affect bond quality. Protocol simplification has been an inevitable trend that has boosted the use of self-etching and universal systems in adhesive dentistry. However, there is a lack of randomized clinical trials to prove the effectiveness of these systems. This chapter gives an overview of the most important issues in dental adhesion and adhesive systems, as well, discussing their composition and clinical use.