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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have become the agents of choice for acid-related diseases. In some clinical situations, PPI therapy by oral or intravenous route may be difficult especially among elderly and patients in palliative care. Off-label PPI subcutaneous injection could be the last alternative to improve patient relief, despite limited published data. We report a case of linitis plastica, peritoneal carcinomatosis and occlusive syndrome who suffered from painful regurgitations which rapidly improved after subcutaneous pantoprazole. No related adverse effects were observed during PPI therapy. Despite some limitations, this report suggests that off-label subcutaneous pantoprazole could be an interesting alternative route when intravenous infusion may be difficult or harmful for elderly and patients in palliative care. Nevertheless, clinical safety and efficiency data on larger populations are needed to validate this use in such population., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Objective: To compare the impact of a care bundle including medication reconciliation at discharge by a pharmacist versus standard of care, on continuity of therapeutic changes between hospital and primary care and outcome of patients, within 1 month after discharge., Methods: Randomised controlled trial in 120 adult patients with at least one chronic disease and three current medications before admission, hospitalised in an infectious disease department of a tertiary hospital and discharged home. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a discharge care bundle including medication reconciliation, counselling session and documentation transfer to primary care physician (PCP) (intervention group) or standard of care (control group). Primary outcome was the proportion of in-hospital prescription changes, not maintained by the PCP, 1 month after discharge. Secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients experiencing early PCP's consultation, hospital readmissions or adverse reactions within 1-month postdischarge and cost of discharge prescriptions., Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. One month after discharge, the proportion of in-hospital prescription changes, not maintained by the PCP, was 11% in the intervention group versus 24% in the control group (P = .007). The median delay before PCP's consultation was longer in the intervention group (30.5 vs 19.5 days, P = .013), there were fewer patients readmitted to hospital (3.4% vs 20.7%, P = .009, odds ratio (OR) = 0.13 [0.02-0.53]) and fewer patients who suffered from adverse drug reaction (7.0% vs 22.8%, P = .04, OR = 0.26 [0.07-0.78])., Conclusion: This care bundle resulted in the reduction of treatment changes between hospital discharge and primary care., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Physicians are facing a worldwide increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms. Eradication of such bacteria, including so called superbugs (XDR), may cause physicians to prescribe last-resort antibiotics. However, experience with these drugs is limited and few data are available., Methods: A before and after retrospective study was conducted from January 2008 to June 2016. Prescriptions of parenteral antimicrobials considered as last-resort antibiotics (colistin, fosfomycin, tigecycline and temocillin) were reviewed by 4 infectious disease specialists (according to microbiology results, susceptibility testing, clinical situation and alternative agents), while doses were analysed by a pharmacist. As a second step, the cohort was split before and after 2013 coinciding with the arrival of a referent in antimicrobial stewardship., Results: The treatment of 77 patients with a mean age of 55.4 ± 18.7 years was analysed. The majority were treated for gram-negative rods (69.2%), especially Pseudomonas and Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli while 20.0% of patients were treated for gram-positive cocci (mainly Staphylococcus aureus) and the remainder were polymicrobial. Of 84 prescriptions, fosfomycin was the most frequently prescribed (47.6%), followed by colistin (40.5%), tigecycline (10.7%) and temocillin (1.2%). Outcomes were favorable in 75.3% of patients. In patients with MDR and XDR infections (n = 54), the mortality rate was 11.1%. After 2013, there were significantly fewer prescriptions of last-resort antibiotics for susceptible microorganisms (29.2% vs 6.9%), in the absence of supporting microbiology results (22.9% vs 3.5%) and fewer dose errors (56.2% vs 27.6%) (P = 0.02)., Conclusion: Reinforcement of the antimicrobial stewardship task force seems to be valuable for promoting the better use of last-resort antibiotics., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.)

Background: Elderly patients are more susceptible to Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs). Despite existing guidelines, there is no specific treatment for CDI in geriatrics. Vancomycin is commonly used in the treatment of CDI. Teicoplanin is an alternative glycopeptide which recently received marketing authorization approval for CDI in Europe., Objectives: Evaluate the potential interest of oral teicoplanin and assess whether such treatment could potentially become an alternative treatment in mild to severe CDIs in elderly patients., Methods: A prospective monocentric study was conducted over 10 months (from December 2015 to October 2016) in a geriatric unit (Sainte Périne, AP-HP, Paris, France). According to the remote infectious disease specialist, some hospitalized patients suffering from CDI and aged over 65 years received oral teicoplanin 200 mg twice a day (highest dose recommended). The clinical response to teicoplanin and relapses after treatment were evaluated. Patients were monitored up to 90 days after teicoplanin administration, and analyzed in non-responder imputation analysis., Results: Eleven patients received teicoplanin among 19 CDIs during the study time period. In non-responder imputation analysis, 90.9% (n = 10) successfully responded to oral teicoplanin. The rate of relapse observed after a 90-day follow-up was 36.4%. Patients reported no drug-related adverse effects., Conclusion: Oral teicoplanin is a glycopeptide that could be proposed as an alternative to other recommended drugs for CDI. In our case series, teicoplanin seems to be an effective therapy as a first-line regimen for CDI in geriatrics. Such treatment has good acceptability in geriatrics, considering it can be taken orally twice a day.

The use of antibiotics, as any other drug, is regulated by the terms of its marketing authorisation, notified in the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC). If a prescription is not in accordance with the SPC, the physician prescribes off-label. There is very little literature regarding off-label use of antibiotics in adult healthcare facilities. A prospective monocentric study was conducted during 11 days from February to June 2015 in hospitalised patients from a tertiary teaching hospital with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonisation to evaluate off-label use of antibiotics. Two independent experts assessed whether prescriptions complied with the latest guidelines in infectious diseases and whether off-label use of antibiotics was associated with an increased risk of adverse events. In total, 160 antibiotic prescriptions were analysed, of which 76 (47.5%) were off-label. Of the 76 off-label prescriptions, 50 (65.8%) were off-label regarding indications and 26 (34.2%) regarding doses. Nevertheless, 46/50 off-label indications (92.0%) and only 14/26 off-label doses (53.8%) were approved by experts, especially because of dose adjustment requirements. During follow-up, the rate of reported adverse events was not statistically different between patients with (n = 76) and without (n = 84) off-label prescriptions (P = 0.35). In a context of multidrug resistance and a lack of new drugs, high rates (47.5%) of antibiotic off-label use were observed in our hospital, but without an increased rate of adverse events. Moreover, 78.9% of off-label uses were in accordance with guidelines. Therefore, the SPC is not the warrant of an appropriate use of antibiotics., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.)

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxic protein synthesized by Clostridium botulinum. Among approved indications for type A pharmaceutical formulations is the treatment of upper limb spasticity in post-stroke patients. Neurologists and rehabilitator physicians have extended their use to treat other types of muscles spasticity. In 2002, most of prescriptions in France were off-label. The activity of the R. Poincaré hospital is dedicated to treating handicapped patients. Working in close collaboration, prescribing physicians and hospital pharmacists elaborated a set of guidelines for the use of botulinum toxin type A. The protocol includes a specific order form, pharmaceutical validation of prescriptions and distribution follow-up. The numbers of prescriptions and treated patients have greatly increased from 2003 to 2005. As a consequence to the extension of marketing authorization for indications for the use of botulinum toxin type A in 2005, 77% of treated therapeutic indications are now compliant to marketing authorization specifications. Through prescription analysis, in-hospital pharmacists participate in the implementation of guidelines for follow-up and management of medical expenditures.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) for overt mandibular osteoradionecrosis., Patients and Methods: This prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at 12 university hospitals. Ambulatory adults with overt osteoradionecrosis of the mandible were assigned to receive 30 HBO exposures preoperatively at 2.4 absolute atmosphere for 90 minutes or a placebo, and 10 additional HBO dives postoperatively or a placebo. The main outcome measure was 1-year recovery rate from osteoradionecrosis. Secondary end points included time to treatment failure, time to pain relief, 1-year mortality rate, and treatment safety., Results: At the time of the second interim analysis, based on the triangular test, the study was stopped for potentially worse outcomes in the HBO arm. A total of 68 patients were enrolled and analyzed. At 1 year, six (19%) of 31 patients had recovered in the HBO arm and 12 (32%) of 37 in the placebo arm (relative risk = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.25 to 1.41; P = .23). Time to treatment failure (hazard ratio = 1.33; 95% CI, 0.68 to 2.60; P = .41) and time to pain relief (hazard ratio = 1.00; 95% CI, 0.52 to 1.89; P = .99) were similar between the two treatment arms., Conclusion: Patients with overt mandibular osteoradionecrosis did not benefit from hyperbaric oxygenation.