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Our research occurred in the Andean region, one of the eight global centers of domestication of plant species grown for agriculture. The shores of Lake Titicaca (located between Peru and Bolivia), at 3800 meters above sea level, are recognized as the center of origin of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). In this region, complex societies have emerged, thanks to the development of water and soil management technologies. They have managed to overcome high mountain territories' extreme and variable climatic conditions. These societies have traditionally protected and preserved quinoa as food for present and future generations through their long-standing knowledge and cultivation practices. The fieldwork occurred in the context of Andean family farming, and our study analyzes nature-society dynamics with a chorematic approach and interviews with local communities. The interest of this work is the transformation of the landscape at the scale of the mountain agroecosystem to understand better the impacts of rural development policies. Chorematic modeling was applied to two periods, before and after 1970, a pivotal year in Peru for agriculture, to show how socio-spatial dynamics in the Andean environment are changing, particularly concerning the evolution of quinoa cultivation. The results show that wild quinoa relatives' distribution is strongly linked to the socio-spatial organization of the agroecosystem. Different species of wild quinoa relatives are maintained by villagers for their multiple foods, medicinal and cultural uses in natural areas, grazed areas, on edge, and also within cultivated fields. However, this management is changing under the pressure of global issues related to the international quinoa market, whose requirements imply reducing the presence of wild relatives in cultivated fields.

The Chiloé archipelago is a world full of geographical and human eccentricities. It is not surprising that much has been written about it, trying to cover different perspectives. Our recent FONDART research (“The greatness of twelve small churches in rural Chiloé. Forthcoming pilgrimage to Unesco”, Folio 594243), has allowed us to open another edge of exploration, trying to reach the people of distant and unprotected places such as: Apiao , Caulín, Chullec, Compu, Huyar Bajo, Lincay, Llingua, Matao, Puchilco, Quehui, Teupa and San Javier. Through an ethnographic approach, using phenomenological procedures, a reality that deserves the utmost attention and aid was unveiled: the extractive industry settled in, in those territories imposing its terms without any counterweight, overriding the virtues of a culture that still expresses itself with powerful ancestral voices and blends harmoniously with a virtual virgin landscape. The inhabitants know how to face the grumbling of nature, expressed in cataclysms and adverse weather conditions. However, they do not have the tools to protect their beloved natural and built assets from depredation. In every say there is a reality, a story, a universe of its own that speaks of the depth of thought, in close connection with their faith and the worldview integrated to their lives. The connection between the inhabitants and the divinity is best expressed by the temples that are a testimony of life, a history of the place, a treasure of memories waiting to be brought to light. The present work looks into those traces that impregnate the modest materials of the churches. Nevertheless, at the same time, it tries to praise its unknown attributes. It is about enlightening knowledge still veiled by a cloak of oblivion and abandonment. The idea is for them not to be engulfed by the voracity of the extractive industry, but to survive., O arquipélago de Chiloé é um mundo cheio de excentricidades geográficas e humanas. Não por nada foi escrito muito sobre o assunto, tentando cobri-lo a partir de perspectivas diferentes. Uma recente investigação FONDART (“A grandiosidade de doze pequenas igrejas em Chiloé rural. Próxima peregrinación a la Unesco”, Folio 594243), permitiu-nos abrir outro flanco de exploração, tentando alcançar as pessoas destes lugares distantes e desprotegidos: Apiao, Caulín, Chullec, Compu, Huyar Bajo, Lincay, Llingua, Matao, Puchilco, Quehui, Teupa e San Javier. Através de uma abordagem etnográfica, utilizando procedimentos fenomenológicos, aprendemos uma realidade que merece a maior atenção e ajuda: a indústria extractiva instalou-se nestes territórios e impõe os seus termos sem contrapeso, anulando as virtudes de uma cultura que ainda se expressa com vozes ancestrais poderosas e comunga harmoniosamente com a paisagem quase intocada. Os habitantes sabem como lidar com os caprichos da natureza, expressos em cataclismos e num clima adverso. Mas não têm armas para defender os seus amados bens naturais e construídos da depredação. Em cada voz há uma realidade, uma história, um universo próprio que fala da profundidade do seu pensamento, em estreita ligação com a fé e a cosmovisão integrada nas suas existências. Os templos são testemunho vivo desta ligação entre os habitantes e a divindade: em cada templo há um registo da vida, uma história do lugar, um tesouro de memórias à espera de ser exumado. O presente trabalho procura os vestígios que estão impregnados nos modestos materiais das igrejas. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, procura exaltar os seus atributos desconhecidos. O objectivo é lançar luz sobre um conhecimento que ainda está velado num manto de esquecimento e negligência. Queremos que eles tenham o direito de sobreviver, antes de serem enterrados pela voracidade da indústria extractiva., El archipiélago de Chiloé es un mundo colmado de excentricidades geográficas y humanas. No en vano se ha escrito mucho al respecto, intentando cubrirlo desde miradas distintas. Una reciente investigación FONDART (“La grandeza de doce pequeñas iglesias en el Chiloé rural. Próxima peregrinación a la Unesco”, Folio 594243), nos ha permitido abrir otro flanco de exploración, procurando llegar a las personas de esos parajes distantes y desprotegidos: Apiao, Caulín, Chullec, Compu, Huyar Bajo, Lincay, Llingua, Matao, Puchilco, Quehui, Teupa y San Javier. Mediante una aproximación etnográfica, valiéndonos de procedimientos fenomenológicos, hemos conocido una realidad que merece la máxima atención y ayuda: la industria extractiva se instala en esos territorios e impone sus términos sin contrapeso, anulando las virtudes de una cultura que todavía se expresa con las poderosas voces ancestrales y que comulga armoniosamente con el paisaje casi virgen. Los habitantes saben cómo enfrentar los rezongos de la naturaleza, expresado en cataclismos y un clima adverso. Pero no tienen armas para defender de la depredación sus queridos bienes naturales y los construidos. En cada voz hay una realidad, una historia, un universo propio que habla de la profundidad de su pensamiento, en estrecha conexión con la fe y la cosmovisión integrada a sus existencias. Los templos son testimonio vivo de esa conexión entre los habitantes y la divinidad: en cada templo hay un registro de vida, una historia del lugar, un tesoro de memorias que esperan ser exhumadas. El presente trabajo busca esos rastros que están impregnados en los modestos materiales de las iglesias. Pero procura exaltar, al mismo tiempo, sus atributos desconocidos. Se trata de iluminar un conocimiento que está, todavía, velado por un manto de olvido y abandono. Queremos que tengan el derecho a sobrevivir, antes de que sean sepultados por la voracidad de la industria extractiva.

Au fil de la lecture de ce guide, vous découvrirez les réponses à au moins quatre questions clés: Qu'est-ce que la cartographie sensible et comment peut-elle être utilisée dans le cadre de diagnostics territoriaux participatifs? Comment se déroulent les trois étapes proposées dans ce guide pour réaliser une cartographie sensible individuelle ou collective ? Quelles sont les expériences menées à Montpellier et Keur Momar Sarr qui ont permis de développer cette méthode interdisciplinaire ? Quels sont les avantages de cette méthode pour les diagnostics territoriaux participatifs ? Chacune de ces questions vous guidera dans la compréhension de la cartographie sensible et de son potentiel dans votre travail ou vos projets territoriaux.

Objective: Breast cancer (BC) is a public health problem. Anxiety and depression are the main comorbidities that afflict this sector, the navigation psychoeducational program (NPP) is presented as an effective psychosocial strategy in public hospitals in Mexico.Method: The NPP was adapted and its efficacy evaluated in 47 women with BC from three hospitals in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area. The NPP integrated emotional accompaniment, health education and relaxation techniques. Symptoms and levels of anxiety and depression were evaluated pre-post intervention with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: A decrease was found in anxiety symptoms pre-test (M= 6.79, SD= 4.01) and post-test (M= 4.19, SD= 3.03), the same as in depression symptoms before (M= 6.02, SD= 4.07) and after (M= 4.23, SD= 3.05). Statistically significant differences were obtained between the pre- and post-intervention evaluations both in the dimensions and in the global score (p<0.001). Conclusions: The NPP showed efficacy in reducing symptoms and levels of anxiety and depression in Mexican women with BC. We suggest replicating the program in other cancer care contexts in compliance with national regulations., Objetivo: El cáncer de mama (CAM) es un problema de salud pública mundial. La ansiedad y depresión son las principales comorbilidades que aquejan a este sector, el programa psicoeducativo de navegación (PPN) se presenta como una estrategia psicosocial eficaz en hospitales públicos de México. Método: Se realizó la adaptación del PPN y la evaluación de eficacia en 47 mujeres con CAM de tres hospitales de la Zona Metropolitana de Guadalajara. El PPN integró acompañamiento emocional, educación para la salud y técnicas de relajación. Se evaluaron los síntomas y los niveles de ansiedad y depresión, pre-post intervención con la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión (HADS). Resultados: Se encontró una disminución en los síntomas de ansiedad pre-test (M= 6,79, DT= 4,01) y pos-test (M= 4,19, DT= 3,03), igual que en los síntomas de depresión antes (M= 6,02, DT= 4,07) y después (M= 4,23, DT= 3,05). Se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las evaluaciones pre y post intervención tanto en las dimensiones, como en la puntuación global (p<0,001). Conclusiones: El PPN mostró eficacia para disminuir los síntomas y los niveles de ansiedad y depresión en mujeres mexicanas con CAM. Sugerimos replicar el programa en otros contextos de atención oncológica en seguimiento a las normativas nacionales.

Las Áreas Naturales Protegidas han sido tradicionalmente empleadas para preservar los ecosistemas naturales, aunque en las últimas décadas se han añadido esquemas de Pago por Servicios Ambientales para complementar estas iniciativas. Sin embargo, los Bos- ques Templados endémicos están expuestos a fuertes presiones por actividades antrópicas como el crecimiento urbano y la fuerte demanda hídrica para abastecer una de las ciudades más grandes del centro de México. La evidencia de México muestra que los PSA han tenido un impacto limitado en la conservación, ya que en sus primeros años los pagos fueron asignados en áreas con bajo riesgo de degradación am- biental, principalmente en las ANP. Esta asociación ha generado debates sobre su efectividad en la conservación y la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos. Fue cuantificada la efectividad espacial de las Áreas Naturales Protegidas y el sistema de Pago por Servicios Ambientales para la conser- vación de Servicios Ecosistémicos de la zona central de México específicamente en la zona denominada Bosque de Agua. Los servicios de provisión de agua y regulación climática fueron modelizados con el software InVEST, mientras que los servicios de provisión de alimentos agrícolas y de madera fueron estimados a partir de la cobertura de stock de biomasa elaborado por el programa para la reducción de las emisiones derivadas de la deforestación, y la degradación de los bosques. A partir de estas estimaciones por unidades mínimas de análisis (1 ha) se generaron modelos de puntos calientes para cada SE. Luego, se cruzaron áreas con altos valores de estos servicios (“puntos calientes”) con Áreas Naturales Protegidas y zonas con Pago por Servicios Ambientales. Los resultados destacan que el Bosque de Agua no solo es proveedor de agua, sino que otros servicios también son significativos y necesitan una protección más eficaz. El 62% del área total del Bosque de Agua (160,356 ha.) presenta puntos calientes para al menos uno de los cuatro se

Molecular profile of breast cancer in Latin-American women was studied in five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. Data about socioeconomic characteristics, risk factors, prognostic factors, and molecular subtypes were described, and the 60-month overall cumulative survival probabilities (OS) were estimated. From 2011 to 2013, 1,300 eligible Latin-American women 18 years or older, with a diagnosis of breast cancer in clinical stage II or III, and performance status ≦̸1 were invited to participate in a prospective cohort study. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, and clinical and outcome data, including death, were extracted from medical records. Unadjusted associations were evaluated by Chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests and the OS by Kaplan–Meier method. Log-rank test was used to determine differences between cumulative probability curves. Multivariable adjustment was carried out by entering potential confounders in the Cox regression model. The OS at 60 months was 83.9%. Multivariable-adjusted death hazard differences were found for women living in Argentina (2.27), Chile (1.95), and Uruguay (2.42) compared with Mexican women, for older (≥60 years) (1.84) compared with younger (≤40 years) women, for basal-like subtype (5.8), luminal B (2.43), and HER2-enriched (2.52) compared with luminal A subtype, and for tumor clinical stages IIB (1.91), IIIA (3.54), and IIIB (3.94) compared with stage IIA women. OS was associated with country of residence, PAM50 intrinsic subtype, age, and tumor stage at diagnosis. While the latter is known to be influenced by access to care, including cancer screening, timely diagnosis and treatment, including access to more effective treatment protocols, it may also influence epigenetic changes that, potentially, impact molecular subtypes. Data derived from heretofore understudied populations with unique geographic ancestry and sociocultural experiences are critical to furthering our understanding of this complexi, Fil: de Almeida, Liz Maria. Instituto Nacional de Cáncer; Brasil, Fil: Cortés, Sandra. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Chile, Fil: Vilensky, Marta. Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo; Argentina, Fil: Valenzuela, Olivia. Universidad de Sonora; México, Fil: Cortes-Sanabria, Laura. Hospital de Especialidades, CMNO-IMSS; México, Fil: de Souza, Mirian. Instituto Nacional de Cáncer; Brasil, Fil: Barbeito, Rafael Alonso. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina, Fil: Abdelhay, Eliana. Instituto Nacional de Cáncer; Brasil, Fil: Artagaveytia, Nora. Hospital de Clínicas Manuel Quintela. Universidad de la República; Uruguay, Fil: Daneri-Navarro, Adrian. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Llera, Andrea S. CONICET. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentina, Fil: Müller, Bettina. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; Argentina, Fil: Podhajcer, Osvaldo L. CONICET. Fundación Instituto Leloir; Argentina, Fil: Velazquez, Carlos. Universidad de Sonora; México, Fil: Alcoba, Elsa. Hospital Municipal de Oncología María Curie; Argentina, Fil: Alonso, Isabel. Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell; Argentina, Fil: Bravo, Alicia I. Hospital Regional de Agudos Eva Perón; Argentina, Fil: Camejo, Natalia. Hospital de Clínicas Manuel Quintela. Universidad de la República; Uruguay, Fil: Carraro, Dirce Maria. AC Camargo Cancer Center; Brasil, Fil: Castro, Mónica. Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo; Argentina, Fil: Cataldi, Sandra. Instituto Nacional de Cáncer; Uruguay, Fil: Cayota, Alfonso. Institut Pasteur de Montevideo; Uruguay, Fil: Cerda, Mauricio. Universidad de Chile; Chile, Fil: Colombo, Alicia. Universidad de Chile; Chile, Fil: Crocamo, Susanne. Instituto Nacional de Cáncer; Brasil, Fil: Del Toro-Arreola, Alicia. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Delgadillo-Cristerna, Raul. Hospital de Especialidades. CMNO-IMSS; México, Fil: Delgado, Lucia. Hospital de Clínicas Manuel Quintela; Uruguay, Fil: Breitenbach, Marisa Dreyer. Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro; Brasil, Fil: Fernández, Elmer. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. CONICET. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunologia; Argentina, Fil: Fernández, Jorge. Instituto de Salud Pública; Chile, Fil: Fernández, Wanda. Hospital San Borja Arriarán; Chile, Fil: Franco-Topete, Ramon A. OPD Hospital Civil de Guadalajara. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Gaete, Fancy. Hospital Luis Tisne; Chile, Fil: Gómez, Jorge. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos, Fil: Gonzalez-Ramirez, Leivy P. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Guerrero, Marisol. Hospital San José; Chile, Fil: Gutierrez-Rubio, Susan A. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Jalfin, Beatriz. Hospital Regional de Agudos Eva Perón; Argentina, Fil: Lopez-Vazquez, Alejandra. Universidad de Sonora; México, Fil: Loria, Dora. Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo; Argentina, Fil: Míguez, Silvia. Hospital Municipal de Oncología María Curie; Argentina, Fil: Moran-Mendoza, Andres de J. Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia CMNO-IMSS; México, Fil: Morgan-Villela, Gilberto. Hospital de Especialidades. CMNO-IMSS; México, Fil: Mussetti, Carina. Registro Nacional de Cancer; Uruguay, Fil: Nagai, Maria Aparecida. Instituto de Câncer de São Paulo; Brasil, Fil: Oceguera-Villanueva, Antonio. Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerologia; México, Fil: Reis, Rui M. Hospital de Câncer de Barretos; Brasil, Fil: Retamales, Javier. Grupo Oncológico Cooperativo Chileno de Investigación; Chile, Fil: Rodriguez, Robinson. Hospital Central de las Fuerzas Armadas; Uruguay, Fil: Rosales, Cristina, Hospital Municipal de Oncología María Curie; Argentina, Fil: Salas-Gonzalez, Efrain. Hospital San José; Chile, Fil: Segovia, Laura. Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau; Chile, Fil: Sendoya, Juan M. CONICET. Fundación Instituto Leloir,; Argentina, Fil: Silva-Garcia, Aida A. OPD Hospital Civil de Guadalajara. Universidad de Guadalajara; México, Fil: Viña, Stella. Instituto de Oncología Angel Roffo; Argentina, Fil: Zagame, Livia. Instituto Jalisciense de Cancerologia; México, Fil: Jones, Beth. Yale University. Yale School of Public Health; Estados Unidos, Fil: Szklo, Moysés. Johns Hopkins University. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health; Estados Unidos

Clonally transmissible cancers are tumour lineages that are transmitted between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. In marine bivalves, leukaemia-like transmissible cancers, called hemic neoplasia (HN), have demonstrated the ability to infect individuals from different species. We performed whole-genome sequencing in eight warty venus clams that were diagnosed with HN, from two sampling points located more than 1000 nautical miles away in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Spain. Mitochondrial genome sequencing analysis from neoplastic animals revealed the coexistence of haplotypes from two different clam species. Phylogenies estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed this leukaemia originated in striped venus clams and later transmitted to clams of the species warty venus, in which it survives as a contagious cancer. The analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences supports all studied tumours belong to a single neoplastic lineage that spreads in the Seas of Southern Europe.

Clonally transmissible cancers are tumour lineages that are transmitted between individuals via the transfer of living cancer cells. In marine bivalves, leukaemia-like transmissible cancers, called hemic neoplasia (HN), have demonstrated the ability to infect individuals from different species. We performed whole-genome sequencing in eight warty venus clams that were diagnosed with HN, from two sampling points located more than 1000 nautical miles away in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Coasts of Spain. Mitochondrial genome sequencing analysis from neoplastic animals revealed the coexistence of haplotypes from two different clam species. Phylogenies estimated from mitochondrial and nuclear markers confirmed this leukaemia originated in striped venus clams and later transmitted to clams of the species warty venus, in which it survives as a contagious cancer. The analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences supports all studied tumours belong to a single neoplastic lineage that spreads in the Seas of Southern Europe.