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3. Molecular Testing of Zoonotic Bacteria in Cattle, Sheep, and Goat Abortion Cases in Botswana.

Author

Modise-Tlotleng, Boitumelo M., Mpoloka, Sununguko W., Settypalli, Tirumala B. K., Hyera, Joseph, Kgotlele, Tebogo, Kumile, Kago, Sechele, Mosarwa E., Raboloko, Obuile O., Marobela-Raborokgwe, Chandapiwa, Viljoen, Gerrit J., Cattoli, Giovanni, and Lamien, Charles E.

Subjects
ZOONOSES, COXIELLA burnetii, BACTERIAL diseases, MIXED infections, LIVESTOCK losses, LEPTOSPIRA interrogans, BRUCELLA
Abstract

Abortion is one of the major causes of economic losses in livestock production worldwide. Because several factors can lead to abortion in cattle, sheep and goats, laboratory diagnosis, including the molecular detection of pathogens causing abortion, is often necessary. Bacterial zoonotic diseases such as brucellosis, coxiellosis, leptospirosis, and listeriosis have been implicated in livestock abortion, but they are under diagnosed and under-reported in most developing countries, including Botswana. This study applied a recently developed multiplex high-resolution melting analysis technique, coupled with singleplex qPCR assays, to investigate abortions in livestock in Botswana, using 152 samples from cattle, sheep, and goat abortion cases. Brucella spp. were the most frequent pathogen detected, with an overall frequency of 21.1%, followed by Coxiella burnetii with 19.1%. Listeria monocytogenes and Leptospira spp. were not detected in any of specimens samples investigated. Mixed infections with Brucella spp. and C. burnetii were observed in 35% specimes examined. There was a good agreement between the multiplex qPCR-HRM and singleplex qPCR for detecting Brucella spp. and C. burnetii. This study is the first report on the syndromic testing of abortion-causing pathogens in Botswana. It shows the importance of molecular methods in the differential diagnosis of abortion-causing diseases in domestic ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies in Animal Production Systems, Preparedness, Response and Recovery

Author

Naletoski, Ivancho, Luckins, Anthony G., and Viljoen, Gerrit

Subjects
Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science, Public Health, Emergency Services, Animal Ecology, Nutrition, Veterinary Science, Ecology, Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies, Radiological Contamination, Animal Production Systems, Disaster Management, Open Access, Veterinary medicine, Public health & preventive medicine, Accident & emergency medicine, Zoology & animal sciences, Biochemistry, bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MZ Veterinary medicine, bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine, bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMK Accident & emergency medicine, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology & animal sciences::PSVS Animal ecology, bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
Abstract

This Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market. Release of radionuclides after NREs can cause substantial contamination in the animal production systems. Critical responsibility of veterinary authorities is therefore to prevent such contamination, establish early response mechanisms to mitigate the consequences and prevent placement of contaminated products of animal origin on the market for human consumption. This work summarizes the critical technical points for effective management of NREs for national veterinary services.

Published
2021
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12. Mapping molecular diversity of indigenous goat genetic resources of Asia

Author

Periasamy, Kathiravan, Vahidi, S.M.F., Silva, Pradeepa, Faruque, M.O., Naqvi, A.N., Basar, Muladno, Cao, JianHua, Zhao, ShuHong, Thuy, Le Thi, Pichler, Rudolf, Podesta, Mario Garcia, Shamsuddin, Mohammed, Boettcher, Paul, Garcia, Jose Fernando, Han, Jian-Lin, Marsan, Paolo Ajmone, Diallo, Adama, and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2017
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17. Specifications for PCR Machines

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., Viljoen, Gerrit J., Pestana, Erika, Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2010
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18. Analysis and Troubleshooting

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., Viljoen, Gerrit J., Pestana, Erika, Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2010
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19. PCR Laboratory Set-up

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., Viljoen, Gerrit J., Pestana, Erika, Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2010
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20. Traditional PCR

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., Viljoen, Gerrit J., Pestana, Erika, Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2010
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21. Background

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., Viljoen, Gerrit J., Pestana, Erika, Belak, Sandor, Diallo, Adama, Crowther, John R., and Viljoen, Gerrit J.

Published
2010
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23. Does thyroid sparing total laryngectomy decrease the risk of hypothyroidism?

Author

Viljoen, Gerrit, McGuire, Jessica K, and Fagan, Johannes J

Subjects
lobectomy, Laryngeal cancer, thyroidectomy, head and neck cancer, hypothyroidism, laryngectomy
Abstract

Introduction Thyroid lobectomy is recommended with total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. However, it is associated with a 32-89% risk of hypothyroidism, which represents a problem especially for patients without access to thyroid hormone monitoring and replacement. Sparing the thyroid gland does not compromise oncological control if thyroid lobectomy is reserved for intraoperative evidence of extra laryngeal tumor extension abutting or invading the thyroid gland, or when there is need to resect level 6 lymph nodes with subglottic and pyriform fossa involvement. However, there is limited evidence about to what extent hypothyroidism is avoided if the thyroid gland is completely spared compared to hemithyroidectomy in the setting of a total laryngectomy. Aims The aims of the study were to determine whether preserving the whole thyroid, compared to a single lobe, does indeed significantly lower the incidence of hypothyroidism in the setting of a total laryngectomy with or without adjuvant radiotherapy. Method A retrospective study was done at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. The thyroid function of patients who had undergone thyroid sparing total laryngectomy with or without radiotherapy was determined and compared to those who underwent hemithyroidectomy. Results Eighty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall incidence of hypothyroidism was 45.2%. The incidence of hypothyroidism was significantly reduced in patients who underwent thyroid sparing total laryngectomy compared to hemithyroidectomy (p=0.037). Adjuvant radiotherapy was associated with a higher incidence of hypothyroidism (p=0.001). Conclusion Thyroid preserving laryngectomy should be advocated in carefully selected patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma as it reduces the incidence of hypothyroidism.

Published
2023

24. Genus Capripoxvirus

Author

Diallo, Adama, Viljoen, Gerrit J., Schmidt, Axel, editor, Kaufmann, Stefan H. E., editor, Wolff, Manfred H., editor, Mercer, Andrew A., editor, and Weber, Olaf, editor

Published
2007
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27. Management of oral feeding following total laryngectomy around the world: YO‐IFOS international study

Author

Benali, Johanna, primary, Viljoen, Gerrit, additional, Ayad, Tareck, additional, Gravier‐Dumonceau, Robinson, additional, Ceccon, Fabio Pupo, additional, Tangjaturonrasme, Napadon, additional, Saibene, Alberto Maria, additional, Chiesa‐Estomba, Carlos, additional, Melkane, Antoine E., additional, Allen, Jacqueline, additional, Lim, Chwee Ming, additional, Mayo‐Yañez, Miguel, additional, Tucciarone, Manuel, additional, Sargi, Zoukaa, additional, Mouawad, François, additional, Ramirez, Adonis Tupac, additional, Magaró, Manuel, additional, Michel, Justin, additional, Radulesco, Thomas, additional, Giovanni, Antoine, additional, Fagan, Johannes J., additional, Hao, Sheng‐Po, additional, Lechien, Jerome R., additional, Giorgi, Roch, additional, and Fakhry, Nicolas, additional

Published
2022
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29. Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Death in a Population Cohort Study from the Western Cape Province, South Africa

Author

Boulle, Andrew, Davies, Mary-Ann, Hussey, Hannah, Ismail, Muzzammil, Morden, Erna, Vundle, Ziyanda, Zweigenthal, Virginia, Mahomed, Hassan, Paleker, Masudah, Pienaar, David, Tembo, Yamanya, Lawrence, Charlene, Isaacs, Washiefa, Mathema, Hlengani, Allen, Derick, Allie, Taryn, Bam, Jamy-Lee, Buddiga, Kasturi, Dane, Pierre, Heekes, Alexa, Matlapeng, Boitumelo, Mutemaringa, Themba, Muzarabani, Luckmore, Phelanyane, Florence, Pienaar, Rory, Rode, Catherine, Smith, Mariette, Tiffin, Nicki, Zinyakatira, Nesbert, Cragg, Carol, Marais, Frederick, Mudaly, Vanessa, Voget, Jacqueline, Davids, Jody, Roodt, Francois, van Zyl Smit, Nellis, Vermeulen, Alda, Adams, Kevin, Audley, Gordon, Bateman, Kathleen, Beckwith, Peter, Bernon, Marc, Blom, Dirk, Boloko, Linda, Botha, Jean, Boutall, Adam, Burmeister, Sean, Cairncross, Lydia, Calligaro, Gregory, Coccia, Cecilia, Corin, Chadwin, Daroowala, Remy, Dave, Joel A, De Bruyn, Elsa, De Villiers, Martin, Deetlefs, Mimi, Dlamini, Sipho, Du Toit, Thomas, Endres, Wilhelm, Europa, Tarin, Fieggan, Graham, Figaji, Anthony, Frankenfeld, Petro, Gatley, Elizabeth, Gina, Phindile, Govender, Evashan, Grobler, Rochelle, Gule, Manqoba Vusumuzi, Hanekom, Christoff, Held, Michael, Heynes, Alana, Hlatswayo, Sabelo, Hodkinson, Bridget, Holtzhausen, Jeanette, Hoosain, Shakeel, Jacobs, Ashely, Kahn, Miriam, Kahn, Thania, Khamajeet, Arvin, Khan, Joubin, Khan, Riaasat, Khwitshana, Alicia, Knight, Lauren, Kooverjee, Sharita, Krogscheepers, Rene, Kruger, Jean Jacque, Kuhn, Suzanne, Laubscher, Kim, Lazarus, John, Le Roux, Jacque, Lee Jones, Scott, Levin, Dion, Maartens, Gary, Majola, Thina, Manganyi, Rodgers, Marais, David, Marais, Suzaan, Maritz, Francois, Maughan, Deborah, Mazondwa, Simthandile, Mbanga, Luyanda, Mbatani, Nomonde, Mbena, Bulewa, Meintjes, Graeme, Mendelson, Marc, Möller, Ernst, Moore, Allison, Ndebele, Babalwa, Nortje, Marc, Ntusi, Ntobeko, Nyengane, Funeka, Ofoegbu, Chima, Papavarnavas, Nectarios, Peter, Jonny, Pickard, Henri, Pluke, Kent, Raubenheimer, Peter J, Robertson, Gordon, Rozmiarek, Julius, Sayed, A, Scriba, Matthias, Sekhukhune, Hennie, Singh, Prasun, Smith, Elsabe, Soldati, Vuyolwethu, Stek, Cari, van den berg, Robert, van der Merwe, Le Roux, Venter, Pieter, Vermooten, Barbra, Viljoen, Gerrit, Viranna, Santhuri, Vogel, Jonno, Vundla, Nokubonga, Wasserman, Sean, Zitha, Eddy, Lomas-Marais, Vanessa, Lombard, Annie, Stuve, Katrin, Viljoen, Werner, Basson, De Vries, Le Roux, Sue, Linden-Mars, Ethel, Victor, Lizanne, Wates, Mark, Zwanepoel, Elbe, Ebrahim, Nabilah, Lahri, Sa’ad, Mnguni, Ayanda, Crede, Thomas, de Man, Martin, Evans, Katya, Hendrikse, Clint, Naude, Jonathan, Parak, Moosa, Szymanski, Patrick, Van Koningsbruggen, Candice, Abrahams, Riezaah, Allwood, Brian, Botha, Christoffel, Botha, Matthys Henndrik, Broadhurst, Alistair, Claasen, Dirkie, Daniel, Che, Dawood, Riyaadh, du Preez, Marie, Du Toit, Nicolene, Erasmus, Kobie, Koegelenberg, Coenraad F N, Gabriel, Shiraaz, Hugo, Susan, Jardine, Thabiet, Johannes, Clint, Karamchand, Sumanth, Lalla, Usha, Langenegger, Eduard, Louw, Eize, Mashigo, Boitumelo, Mhlana, Nonte, Mnqwazi, Chizama, Moodley, Ashley, Moodley, Desiree, Moolla, Saadiq, Mowlana, Abdurasiet, Nortje, Andre, Olivier, Elzanne, Parker, Arifa, Paulsen, Chané, Prozesky, Hans, Rood, Jacques, Sabela, Tholakele, Schrueder, Neshaad, Sithole, Nokwanda, Sithole, Sthembiso, Taljaard, Jantjie J, Titus, Gideon, Van Der Merwe, Tian, van Schalkwyk, Marije, Vazi, Luthando, Viljoen, Abraham J, Yazied Chothia, Mogamat, Naidoo, Vanessa, Wallis, Lee Alan, Abbass, Mumtaz, Arendse, Juanita, Armien, Rizqa, Bailey, Rochelle, Bello, Muideen, Carelse, Rachel, Forgus, Sheron, Kalawe, Nosi, Kariem, Saadiq, Kotze, Mariska, Lucas, Jonathan, McClaughlin, Juanita, Murie, Kathleen, Najjaar, Leilah, Petersen, Liesel, Porter, James, Shaw, Melanie, Stapar, Dusica, Williams, Michelle, Aldum, Linda, Berkowitz, Natacha, Girran, Raakhee, Lee, Kevin, Naidoo, Lenny, Neumuller, Caroline, Anderson, Kim, Begg, Kerrin, Boerlage, Lisa, Cornell, Morna, de Waal, Renée, Dudley, Lilian, English, René, Euvrard, Jonathan, Groenewald, Pam, Jacob, Nisha, Jaspan, Heather, Kalk, Emma, Levitt, Naomi, Malaba, Thoko, Nyakato, Patience, Patten, Gabriela, Schneider, Helen, Shung King, Maylene, Tsondai, Priscilla, Van Duuren, James, van Schaik, Nienke, Blumberg, Lucille, Cohen, Cheryl, Govender, Nelesh, Jassat, Waasila, Kufa, Tendesayi, McCarthy, Kerrigan, Morris, Lynn, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, Marais, Ruan, Ambler, Jon, Ngwenya, Olina, Osei-Yeboah, Richard, Johnson, Leigh, Kassanjee, Reshma, and Tamuhla, Tsaone

Subjects
sub-Saharan Africa, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Tuberculosis, antiretroviral, 030106 microbiology, Population, HIV Infections, HIV Infections/complications, Cohort Studies, South Africa, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Major Article, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Proportional Hazards Models, education.field_of_study, South Africa/epidemiology, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, SARS-CoV-2, Hazard ratio, HIV, Correction, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, Standardized mortality ratio, tuberculosis, Attributable risk, business, Viral load, Demography
Abstract

Background Risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) death in sub-Saharan Africa and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis on COVID-19 outcomes are unknown. Methods We conducted a population cohort study using linked data from adults attending public-sector health facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa. We used Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for age, sex, location, and comorbidities, to examine the associations between HIV, tuberculosis, and COVID-19 death from 1 March to 9 June 2020 among (1) public-sector “active patients” (≥1 visit in the 3 years before March 2020); (2) laboratory-diagnosed COVID-19 cases; and (3) hospitalized COVID-19 cases. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for COVID-19, comparing adults living with and without HIV using modeled population estimates. Results Among 3 460 932 patients (16% living with HIV), 22 308 were diagnosed with COVID-19, of whom 625 died. COVID-19 death was associated with male sex, increasing age, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. HIV was associated with COVID-19 mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70–2.70), with similar risks across strata of viral loads and immunosuppression. Current and previous diagnoses of tuberculosis were associated with COVID-19 death (aHR, 2.70 [95% CI, 1.81–4.04] and 1.51 [95% CI, 1.18–1.93], respectively). The SMR for COVID-19 death associated with HIV was 2.39 (95% CI, 1.96–2.86); population attributable fraction 8.5% (95% CI, 6.1–11.1). Conclusions While our findings may overestimate HIV- and tuberculosis-associated COVID-19 mortality risks due to residual confounding, both living with HIV and having current tuberculosis were independently associated with increased COVID-19 mortality. The associations between age, sex, and other comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality were similar to those in other settings.

Published
2021
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32. Large-Scale International Validation of an Indirect ELISA Based on Recombinant Nucleocapsid Protein of Rift Valley Fever Virus for the Detection of IgG Antibody in Domestic Ruminants

Author

Pawęska, Janusz T., primary, Jansen van Vuren, Petrus, additional, Msimang, Veerle, additional, Lô, Modu Moustapha, additional, Thiongane, Yaya, additional, Mulumba-Mfumu, Leopold K., additional, Mansoor, Alqadasi, additional, Fafetine, José M., additional, Magona, Joseph W., additional, Boussini, Hiver, additional, Bażanow, Barbara, additional, Wilson, William C., additional, Pepin, Michel, additional, Unger, Hermann, additional, and Viljoen, Gerrit, additional

Published
2021
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36. Environmental pathways of radionuclides to animal products in different farming and harvesting systems

Author

Naletoski, Ivancho, Luckins, Anthony G., Viljoen, Gerrit, Howard, Brenda, Naletoski, Ivancho, Luckins, Anthony G., Viljoen, Gerrit, and Howard, Brenda

Abstract

Chapter 5. This chapter outlines the key environmental and metabolic pathways of radionuclides relevant for animals and animal products after NREs. The different methods used to quantify the transfer of radionuclides between relevant environmental pathways are also described. Detailed information is provided for the most important radionuclides that contaminate animals and animal products, namely radiocaesium, radioiodine and radiostrontium. Observed effects on agricultural and game animals after two NREs are also briefly described.

Published
2021

39. First Molecular Characterization of Poxviruses in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Botswana

Author

Modise, Boitumelo Magret, primary, Settypalli, Tirumala Bharani Kumar, additional, Kgotlele, Tebogo, additional, Xue, Dingrong, additional, Ntesang, Kebonyemodisa, additional, Kumile, Kago, additional, Naletoski, Ivancho, additional, Nyange, John Frederick, additional, Thanda, Carter, additional, Macheng, Kenny Nametso, additional, Marobela-Raborokgwe, Chandapiwa, additional, Viljoen, Gerrit Johannes, additional, Cattoli, Giovanni, additional, and Lamien, Charles Euloge, additional

Published
2021
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43. Background

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., primary, Belak, Sandor, additional, Diallo, Adama, additional, Crowther, John R., additional, and Viljoen, Gerrit J., additional

Published
2009
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44. Traditional PCR

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., primary, Belak, Sandor, additional, Diallo, Adama, additional, Crowther, John R., additional, and Viljoen, Gerrit J., additional

Published
2009
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47. PCR Laboratory Set-up

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., primary, Belak, Sandor, additional, Diallo, Adama, additional, Crowther, John R., additional, and Viljoen, Gerrit J., additional

Published
2009
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48. Analysis and Troubleshooting

Author

Pestana, Ericka A., primary, Belak, Sandor, additional, Diallo, Adama, additional, Crowther, John R., additional, and Viljoen, Gerrit J., additional

Published
2009
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