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Background Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is one of the standard treatment modalities for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) under 65 years of age. Renal failure, significant disease comorbidity, significantly affects treatment choices. There are conflicting data in the literature regarding the dose of melphalan to be used for AHSCT in patients with renal failure and comorbid conditions. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side effect data of different melphalan doses in patients with renal failure. Material and Methods The study included 107 patients older than 18 years of age with a diagnosis of MM who underwent AHSCT in our center between January 2010 and January 2019. The data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were grouped according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR

Background: Dapsone is a second-line therapy for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). It is cost-effective, with a response rate comparable to other drugs used as second-line therapy, such as azathioprine, danazol, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, vincristine, rituximab, and eltrombopag. Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed ten adult patients who presented to our hematology division outpatient clinic between March 2013 and July 2021, was diagnosed with chronic/refractory ITP, did not respond to first-line therapy, and used dapsone. Results: Eight (80%) patients were female, and 2 (20%) were male. The median age was 50 (range, 24-64) years. The mean pre-treatment platelet value was 12.8x109/L (range: 4-22.1x109/L). The median duration of symptoms before dapsone treatment was 60 (6-360) months. The median number of treatments received before dapsone was 4 (range: 3-6). All patients were routinely treated with oral dapsone 50 mg for two weeks, followed by 100 mg. The median time to treatment response was 39 (range: 14-90) days. The response rate was 60% (complete response 40%, partial response 20%). Asymptomatic anemia was observed as a side effect in only one patient. Conclusions: Based on these results, it can be speculated that dapsone is an effective, inexpensive, and well tolerated treatment option. Considering the economic status of developing countries, it seems very attractive to use dapsone as the second-line therapy for chronic/refractory ITP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey on the use of dapsone for chronic/refractory ITP.

Background Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is an uncommon neoplasm representing approximately 2% leukemias and

Objectives: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) following high-dose chemotherapy in recurrent lymphomas has become the standard treatment. However, this method leads to various toxic side effects, including cardiotoxicity. This study aims to determine the factors that may cause post-transplant cardiotoxicity. Methods: A total of 35 patients older than 18 years old, diagnosed with recurrent lymphoma, who underwent AHSCT at the Uludağ University Hematology Department, were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in two groups, with and without cardiotoxicity after AHSCT. We separated the frequency of cardiotoxicity that developed during hospitalization after transplantation and patients who developed and did not develop cardiotoxicity. We compare some parameters including gender, age, lymphoma type, stage, cardiac risk factors before transplantation, the number of chemotherapy cycles and the use of rituximab before the transplantation, radiotherapy before transplantation, Karnofsky performance scale, the amount of Dimethyl sulfoxide among these patients. Also, we evaluated patients with echocardiopraphy before transplantation and measured left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF). We use CTCAE V 4.0 system for evaluating cardiotoxicity level from Grade I to Grade V. Results: Nine patients developed cardiac events. One patient developed Grade V MI and died despite treatment. Other eight toxicities developed Grade III-IV and returned by treatment. In terms of risk factors, LVEF of the group with cardiotoxicity was found to be significantly low (p < 0.05). There is no statistical difference between the two groups with other parameters. Conclusions: Cardiotoxicity is a frequent complication of autologous stem cell transplantation. A detailed pre-transplantation evaluation of all patents in terms of cardiac functions is essential to reduce cardiac morbidity. Therefore, patients should be evaluated cardiologically before transplantation and closely monitored for post-transplantation cardiac side effects. Some studies show that enalapril and carvedilol may be beneficial to prevent from cardiotoxicity. Although not in our routine, if approved by larger studies, it may be necessary to use agents such as enalapril and carvedilol in prophylaxis in reduce cardiotoxicity.

Otolog hematopoetik kök hücre nakli (OHKHN) relaps/refrakter Hodgkin lenfoma (HL) için kurtarma tedavisi sonrasında uygulanılan standart bir tedavidir. Çalışma ile merkezimizdeki relaps/refrakter HL tanılı OHKHN uygulanılan hastaların hastalıksız (DFS) ve genel sağkalım (OS) saptamasını ve risk faktörlerinin sağkalım üzerindeki etkisini incelenmeyi amaçladık. Merkezimizde Ocak 2009–Mart 2020 tarihleri arasında takipli OHKHN uygulanılan 314 hastanın 35 (%11)’i HL tanılıydı. Çalışmaya relaps/refrakter HL tanılı 18 yaşından büyük OHKHN uygulanılan 35 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların %46’sı kadındı. Medyan tanı yaşı 29 (14-62) ve nakil yaşı 33 (22-62)’idi. Primer kemoterapi sonrasında hastaların %66’sında remisyon sağlanırken %34’ü refrakter kaldı. Relaps/refrakter HL’ye uygulanılan kurtarma tedavisi sonucunda %6 parsiyel yanıt, %26 tam yanıt, %68 refrakter kabul edildi. OHKHN sonrası hastaların %49’unda remisyon sağlanırken, %51’inde relaps gelişti. OHKHN sonrasında relaps olan hastaların tedavi yanıtında %39’u remisyon, %17’si refrakter, %44’ü hayatını kaybetti. Hayatını kaybeden hastaların %88'i lenfoma kaynaklı, %12’si lenfoma harici nedenden kaybedildi. OHKHN sonrası hastaların ortalama OS 99(±8,9) ay; DFS 60(±10,7) aydı. OHKHN sonrası relaps süresi 12 ay altında (p=0,033) ve relaps anındaki sedimentasyon düzeyinin normal olması (p=0,021) DFS için anlamlı; relaps anında LDH düzeyinin normal olması (p=0,022) OS için anlamlı olduğu saptandı. Çok değişkenli analizde OS üzerinde etkili prognostik risk faktörü saptanmadı. Diğer taraftan DFS üzerinde; hemoglobin düzeyinde bir birimlik artışın relaps riskini 1,67 kat arttırdığı, nötrofil engraftmanında bir birimlik artışın relaps riskini %30 ve relaps süresi 12 ay üzerinde olmasının relaps riskini %85 düzeyinde azalttığı saptandı. Çalışmamızda hastaların birkaç risk faktörünün OHKHN sağkalımı ve süresi üzerinde etkili olduğunu saptadık. Ancak daha anlamlı sonuçlar için çalışmaların örneklem grubunun genişletilmesi ve takip süresinin uzatılması gerekmektedir. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a standard treatment applied after rescue treatment for relapse/refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). In our study, we aimed to determine the disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients diagnosed relapse/refractory HL who applied AHSCT in our center and to examine the effect of risk factors on survival. Thirty-five (11%) of 314 patients who underwent AHSCT between January 2009 and March 2020 and followed up in our center were defined HL. 46% of the patients were female. The median age of diagnosis was 29(14-62), and the transplantation age was 33(22-62). After primary chemotherapy; 66% of patients remained in remission, 34% refractory. The rescue treatment’s result applied to relapse/refractory HL, 68% refractory. 26% complete and 6% partial response. After AHSCT, the patients accomplished remission of 49% and developed relapsed 51%. The result of the treatment applied to patients who relapsed after AHSCT was accomplished remission in 39%, considered refractory at 17%, and died at 44%. The patients who died after AHSCT died 88% from lymphoma and died 12% from causes other. After AHSCT, the mean OS of patients was 99(±8.9); the mean DFS was 60(±10.7) months The time-to-relapse being less than 12 months (p=0.033) and normal sedimentation at relapse (p=0.021) were found to be substantial on DFS, and normal LDH at relapse (p=0.022) was found to be substantial on OS. In multivariate analysis, no prognostic risk factor was detected affecting OS. On the other hand, that was found that the increase in hemoglobin at diagnosis on PFS increased the risk of relapse 1.67 times; increase in one-unit neutrophil engraftment decreased the risk of relapse by 30%, and the time-to-relapse being over 12 months decreased the risk of relapse by 85%. In our study, we could validate several risk factors affecting survival and duration of patients who underwent AHSCT. However, that ıs necessary to expand the sample group of the studies and extend the follow-up period for more meaningful results.

İlk oral proteazom inhibitörü (PI) olan iksazomib, lenalidomid ve deksametazon (IRd) ile kombinasyon halinde relaps refrakter multipl miyelomun (RRMM) tedavisi için onaylanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, klinik çalışma sonuçları her zaman gerçek dünyadaki sonuçlarla örtüşmez. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gerçek yaşamda RRMM'li hastaların tedavisi için iksazomib bazlı kombinasyon tedavisinin sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Çalışmaya ** Tıp Fakültesi Hematoloji Bilim Dalı’ndan toplam 45 RRMM tanılı hasta retrospektif olarak dahil edildi. Medyan takip süresi 15.9 ay (0.3-53.8) ve medyan yaş 66 (40-84) idi. Hastaların %8.8’i 2. sırada, % 15.5’i 3. sırada, %35.5’i 4. sırada ve %40’ı da ≥5. sırada iksazomib aldı. Genel olarak, IRd’den önce hastaların %100’ü PI'lere (bortezomib %100, karfilzomib %31.1), %88.8’i immünomodülatör ilaçlara (IMID) (lenalidomid %86.6, pomalidomid %33.3, talidomid %4.4) ve %55.5’i de otolog kök hücre nakline maruz kalmıştır. Hastaların hepsi lenalidomid ve deksametazon ile kombinasyon halinde iksazomib almıştır. Tedavi, yan etki nedenli düşük bir kesilme oranıyla (%6.6) iyi tolere edilmiştir. En sık görülen yan etkiler sitopeni (%50) ve enfeksiyon (%25) olmuştur. Genel yanıt oranı %77.7, çok iyi kısmi yanıt oranı %20, tam yanıt oranı % 28, kısmi yanıt oranı %11.4, minimal yanıt oranı %5.7, stabil hastalık oranı %5.7, progresif hastalık oranı %28.5 saptandı. İksazomib tedavisinde medyan progresyonsuz sağkalım (PFS) 29.1 aydı (%95 GA 17.2–40.9). PFS 12 ve 24 ayda sırasıyla %75 ve %59 idi. Medyan genel sağkalım (OS) 22.6ay (%95 GA 18.8–40.9) idi; OS 12 ve 24 ayda sırasıyla %73 ve %49 idi. Gerçek yaşamda RRMM hastalarında IRd etkili, güvenli ve oral verilebilmesi nedeniyle kolay uygulanabilir bir rejimdir.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) differs from other forms of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including coagulopathy, hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and treatment success with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Despite ATRA, early deaths (ED) are still common in APL. Here, we evaluated factors associated with ED and applicability of scoring systems used to diagnose DIC. Ninety-one APL patients (55 females, 36 males, and median age 40 years) were included. ED was defined as deaths attributable to any cause between day of diagnosis and following 30th day. DIC was assessed based on DIC scoring system released by the International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) and Chinese Diagnostic Scoring System (CDSS). Patients' median follow-up time was 49.2 months, and ED developed in 14 (15.4% of) cases. Patients succumbing to ED had higher levels of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ISTH DIC, and lower fibrinogen levels (p0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age55 and ECOG PS ≥2 rates were revealed to be associated with ED. Based on ISTH and CDSS scores, DIC was reported in 47.3 and 58.2% of the patients, respectively. Despite advances in APL, ED is still a major obstacle. Besides the prompt recognition and correction of coagulopathy, those at high ED risk are recommended to be detected rapidly. Implementation of local treatment plans and creating awareness should be achieved in hematological centers. Common utilization of ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO) may be beneficial to overcome ED and coagulopathy in APL patients.

Candida türleri hastanede yatan hastalarda özellikle hematolojik maligniteli hastalarda önde gelen invazif fungal enfeksiyon etkenidir. Bu çalışma, hematolojik maligniteli hastalarda kandidemi prevalansını, mortalite ile ilişkili kontrol edilebilir risk faktörlerini ve antifungal direnci belirlemeyi, ampirik antifungal tedaviye rehberlik edecek ve enfeksiyon kontrol stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine katkıda bulunacak bilgiler elde etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Hematoloji Kliniğinde 2009-2016 yılları arasında Candida kan kültürü pozitif saptanan hematolojik maligniteli hastaların demografik verileri, laboratuvar sonuçları, antifungal duyarlılıkları ve tedavi sonuçları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hematolojik maligniteleri olan 2489 hastanın 45’inde 45 kandidemi atağı saptandı. Bu hastaların büyük çoğunluğu akut lösemi hastalarıydı (%75.5). Çalışmamızda hematolojik malignitesi olan hastalarda kandidemi insidansını %1.8 bulduk; akut lösemili hastalarda ise bu oran %2.3 idi. Hastaların tür dağılımında C. albicans dışı türler hakimdi (38/45, %84,4). Genel olarak yatan hastalara kıyasla hematolojik malignitesi olan hastalarda C. krusei ve C. tropicalis daha yaygındı. C. parapsilosis her iki grupta da kandidemi için yaygın bir etkendi. Antifungal direnç, flukonazole karşı sadece iki C. parapsilosis izolatında antifungal direnç gözlendi. Toplam 30 günlük ölüm oranı %55,5 idi. Mortalite ile ilişkili bağımsız risk faktörleri hipoalbuminemi, aktif hastalık, septik şok ve monoterapi almaktı. Sonuç olarak, Tedavisindeki gelişmelere rağmen, ilişkili mortalitede önemli bir azalma sağlanamamıştır. Kandidemi tedavisinde lokal epidemiyolojik çalışmalar hala önemini korumaktadır. C. parapsilosis, kötü kateter yönetiminin bir göstergesi olarak kabul edilir. Çalışmamızda C. parapsilosis yüksek oranda tespit edilmiş ve antifungale direnç gösteren tek tür olmuştur. Bu, kandidemi ile mücadelede iyi kateter yönetiminin öneminin yanı sıra ampirik antifungal tedavi stratejilerinde epidemiyolojik çalışmaların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Langerhans hücreli histiyositoz (LHH) erişkinde nadir rastlanılan multi-sistemik (MS) ve heterojen bir hastalıktır. Erişkin hastaya yaklaşım ve tedaviyle ilgili veri oldukça azdır. Bu çalışmada Mart 2000 ile Mart 2022 tarihleri arasında merkezimize sevk edilen LHH’li 16 erişkin hastayı retrospektif olarak inceledik. Hastaların %68,7’si erkek ve ortanca yaş 30,5 yıl idi. Tanıda hastaların %50’sinde tek bölgede, %50’sinde MS tutulum vardı. Riskli organ tutulumu 3 hastada (%18,75) mevcuttu. En çok tutulan alanlar kemik ve akciğer (%43.75), sonrasında ise santral sinir sistemi (SSS) (%31,25) idi. Sistemik tedavi endikasyonu olan 8 hastanın tamamına birinci sırada vinorelbin ve steroid tedavisi verildi. Diğer hastalara cerrahi eksizyon veya radyoterapi uygulandı. Tedaviye tam yanıt oranı %37.5, kısmi yanıt oranı %37.5 idi. Hastaların 3’ü (%18,75) nüks etti. Tek bölge tutulumu olan hastaların hepsi hayatta ve nüks gelişmedi. On bir hasta ise halen hayattadır. Median genel sağkalıma (OS) ulaşılamadı, 3 yıllık OS %79.8 idi. Otuz yaş üzerindeki hastaların sağkalımı daha düşük bulundu. Ancak bu fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi (p=0.2). MS hastalığı olanların median OS verileri daha kötüydü (48 aya karşı ulaşılamadı, p=0.02). Tanı yaşının 30’un üzerinde olması ve SSS tutulumu bulunması daha düşük OS ile ilişkiliydi ancak bu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Dalak ve karaciğer tutulumu olan hastalarda hızlı hastalık progresyonu ya da tedaviye refrakterlik izlendi. Özellikle kötü prognostik özellikleri olan hastalara birinci basamakta vinblastin/steroid bazlı tedaviler yetersiz kalabilir. Erişkin LHH’da klinik ve prognostik özelliklerinin daha iyi belirlenebilmesi, uygun tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için çok merkezli, prospektif çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır., Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare, multisystemic, and heterogeneous disease seen in adults. There is very little data on how to approach and the treatment of the adult patient. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 16 adult patients with LCH who were referred to our center between March 2000 and March 2022. 68.7% of the patients were male, and the median age was 30.5 years. At the time of diagnosis, 50% of the patients had a single site, and 50% had multisystemic (MS). Risk organ involvement was present in 3 patients (18.75%). The most involved areas were bone and lung (43.75%), followed by the central nervous system (CNS) (31.25%). All eight patients with indications for systemic treatment were given vinorelbine and steroid treatment in the first line. Other patients underwent surgical excision or radiotherapy. The response rate to treatment was 37.5%, and the partial response rate was 37.5%. 3 (18.75%) of the patients relapsed. All patients with single-site involvement survived and did not relapse. Eleven patients are alive. Median overall survival (OS) was not achieved; 3-year OS was 79.8%. Survival of patients over 30 years of age was found to be lower. However, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.2). Those with MS had worse median OS data (48 months vs. unavailable, p=0.02). Age at diagnosis over 30 and CNS involvement was associated with lower OS, but this was not statistically significant. Rapid disease progression or refractoriness to treatment was observed in patients with spleen and liver involvement. Especially in patients with poor prognostic features, vinblastine/steroid-based treatments may be insufficient in primary care. Multicenter, prospective studies are needed better to determine the clinical and prognostic features of adult LCH and to develop appropriate treatment strategies.

Kronik Myeloid Lösemide (KML), etyolojisinde sorumlu tirozin kinaz aktivitesi gösteren bcr-abl füzyon geninin keşfinden sonra, bu aktiviteyi inhibe eden ilaçların keşfiyle, daha uzun sağkalım sürelerine ulaşılabilmiştir. Bu ilaçlarla tedaviye zamanla direnç gelişmesi, ikinci ve üçüncü kuşak ajanların geliştirilmesinin önünü açmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda, merkezimizde ikinci kuşak tirozin kinaz inhibitörü (TKİ) – bosutinib - tedavisi alan hastaların, klinik, laboratuvar, moleküler yanıt, yan etki profili ve mortalite üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. KML nedeniyle bosutinib tedavisi başlanan 17 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların tedaviye kaçıncı sırada başlandığı, klinik, laboratuvar ve moleküler yanıt durumları retrospektif olarak elektronik hasta kayıtlarından tarandı. Elde edilen veriler hastaların ilaç başlanma sırasına göre karşılaştırıldı. İkinci (n=2), üçüncü (n=7) ve dördüncü (n=8) sırada bosutinib başlanan hastaların yaş, cinsiyet, komorbidite sayısı, bosutinib tedavi süresi açısından anlamlı bir fark gözlenmezken KML tanı yaşları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık mevcuttu. Moleküler yanıt ve yan etki profili açısından değerlendirildiğinde, ilacın başlanma sırası ile anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu. Hastaların genel sağkalımı 43,38 ± 4,98 ay (%95 GA: 33,62 – 53,16 ay) olarak gözlemlendi. Bosutinib tedavisinin her yaş grubunda, ilacın her başlanma sırasında kullanımının, stabil moleküler yanıt sağlaması açısından güvenli olduğu gözlemlendi. Yan etki profili açısından kullanımını sınırlayacak bir profile sahip olmaması nedeniyle KML tedavisinde tercih edilebilir bir molekül olarak düşünülmelidir. After the discovery of the bcr-abl fusion gene, which shows the tyrosine kinase activity responsible for its etiology in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), longer survival times have been achieved with the discovery of drugs that inhibit this activity. The development of resistance to treatment with these drugs over time paved the way for the development of second and third generation agents. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of patients receiving second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) - bosutinib - treatment on clinical, laboratory, molecular response, side effect profile and mortality in our center. Seventeen patients who were started on bosutinib therapy for CML were included in the study. The order in which the treatment was initiated, the clinical, laboratory and molecular response status of the patients were retrospectively scanned from electronic patient records. The data obtained were compared according to the order of initiation of the drugs of the patients. While no significant difference was observed among the second-line (n=2), third-line (n=7) and fourth-line (n=8) bosutinib treated patients in terms of age, gender, number of comorbidities, and duration of bosutinib treatment, there was a significant difference between the ages of CML diagnosis. There was no significant difference with the order of initiation of the drug and molecular response and side effect profile. The overall survival of the patients was 43.38 ± 4.98 months (95% CI: 33.62 – 53.16 months) Conclusion: It was observed that the use of bosutinib treatment was safe in all age groups at each initiation order and provide a stable molecular response. Since it does not have a side-effect profile that would limit its use, it should be considered as a preferred molecule in CML treatment.

Relaps veya refrakter akut lösemide klofarabin bazlı kurtarma tedavilerinin genel yanıt oranları %17-48 arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmamızda relaps veya refrakter akut lösemi tanılı hastalarda klofarabin bazlı kurtarma tedavisi sonrası yanıt oranları, enfeksiyon ile ilişkili komplikasyonları ve yan etkileri değerlendirildi. Ocak 2015 ile Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında kliniğimizde klofarabin bazlı kurtarma tedavisi alan 12 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların %58 (n=7)’i erkek olup ortalama yaş 36,6±16,4 olarak saptandı. Hastaların %75 (n=9)’i akut lenfoblastik lösemi, %25 (n=3)’i akut myeloid lösemi tanısı ile takip edilmekteydi. Klofarabin öncesi almış oldukları kemoterapi rejim sayısı medyan 3 idi. Hastaların %66 (n=8)’sı son aldığı tedaviye refrakter, %33 (n=4)’ü erken nüks ile başvurdu. Hastalar klofarabin 22,5 mg/m2 + sitozin arabinozid 1000 mg/m2 dozunda intravenöz 1-5. gün olacak şekilde tedavi aldılar. Tedavi esnasında tüm hastalar febril nötropeni ile komplike oldu, hastaların %58 (n=7)’inde sepsis gelişti. Ciddi (grade 3-4) non- hematolojik yan etkiler arasında hepatotoksisite %33, diyare %25, bulantı-kusma %16, mukozit %16 civarındaydı. Klofarabine bağlı nörotoksisite izlenmedi. Hastaların birinde tam yanıt (%8) elde edildi. Hastaların %33 (n=4)’ü tedaviye yanıtsızdı. İlk 30 gün içindeki mortalite oranı %50 (n=6) idi. Mortal seyreden hastaların bir tanesinde erken ölüm (

Patients with solid malignancies are more vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than the healthy population. The outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in highly immunosuppressed populations, such as in patients with hematological malignancies, is a point of interest. We aimed to analyze the symptoms, complications, intensive care unit admissions, and mortality rates of patients with hematological malignancies infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Turkey.In this multicenter study, we included 340 adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from March to November 2020. Diagnosis and status of primary disease, treatment schedules for hematological malignancies, time from last treatment, life expectancy related to the hematological disease, and comorbidities were recorded, together with data regarding symptoms, treatment, and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Forty four patients were asymptomatic at diagnosis of SARS-CoV- 2 infection. Among symptomatic patients, fever, cough, and dyspnea were observed in 62.6%, 48.8%, and 41.8%, respectively. Sixty-nine (20%) patients had mild SARS-CoV-2 disease, whereas moderate, severe, and critical disease was reported in 101 (29%), 71 (20%), and 55 (16%) patients, respectively. Of the entire cohort, 251 (73.8%) patients were hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2. Mortality related to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 26.5% in the entire cohort; this comprised 4.4% of those patients with mild disease, 12.4% of those with moderate disease, and 83% of those with severe or critical disease. Active hematological disease, lower life expectancy related to primary hematological disease, neutropenia at diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2, ICU admission, and first-line therapy used for coronavirus disease-2019 treatment were found to be related to higher mortality rates. Treatments with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin were associated with a higher rate of mortality in comparison to favipiravir use.Patients with hematological malignancy infected with SARS-CoV-2 have an increased risk of severe disease and mortality.Solid malignite hastalarının şiddetli akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonu-koronavirüs-2 (SARS-CoV-2) enfeksiyonuna sağlıklı bireylerden daha yatkın oldukları gösterilmiştir. Bu verilerin ardından oldukça yoğun immünosupresif olan hematolojik malignite hastalarında SARS-CoV-2 infeksiyonu sonuçları ilgi konusu olmuştur. Biz de bu makalede Türkiye’de hematolojik malignite tanısı ile takip ve tedavi edilirken SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu saptanan hastaların semptom, komplikasyon, yoğun bakım ünitesine yatış ve mortalite oranlarını değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.Çok merkezli çalışmamıza Mart-Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu tanısı alan erişkin ve pediatrik 340 hastayı dahil ettik. Hastaların hematolojik malignite tanıları, hastalık statusları, tedavileri, son tedaviden enfeksiyona kadar geçen süre, komorbiditeleri, yaşam beklentileri değerlendirildi. Semptomları, oluşan komplikasyonlar ve sonuçlar analiz edildi.Kırk-dört hasta semptomsuz olarak enfeksiyonu geçirirken, semptomatik hastaların ateş, öksürük, ve dispne oranları sırasıyla %62,6, %48,8 ve %41,8 idi. Altmış altı hasta (%20) hastalığı hafif geçirirken, orta, ciddi ve kritik hastalık tanısı alanların oranı sırasıyla %29, %20 ve %16 idi. Tüm kohortta ölüm oranı %26,6 idi; ölüm hafif hastalığı olanlarda %4,4 , orta derece hastalık geçirenlerde %12 ve ciddi/kritik hastalık geçirenlerde ise %83 olarak saptandı. Aktif hematolojik hastalık olması, primer hematolojik hastalığa bağlı düşük hayat beklentisi, SARS-CoV-2 tanısı aldığında nötropenik olmak, yoğun bakıma alınmış olmak ve ilk sıra koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 tedavisi yüksek ölüm riski ile ilişkilendirilen faktörlerdendi. Tek başına veya azitromisin ile kombine olarak hidroksiklorokin kullanan hastaların sadece favipiravir kullananlara göre ölüm riskleri daha yüksek saptandı.SARS-CoV-2 infeksiyonu geçiren hematolojik malignite hastalarında daha yüksek oranda ciddi hastalık ve ölüm riski gözlenmektedir.

Nodüler lenfosit predominant Hodgkin lenfoma (NLPHL) az görülen ve prognozu oldukça iyi olan bir hastalıktır. NLPHL tüm Hodgkin lenfomalı (HL) hastaların %5’ini oluşturmaktadır. Hastalıkla ilgili en önemli sorunlar hastalık nüksü, Hodgkin dışı lenfomaya transformasyon ve tedavi ilişkili yan etkilerdir. Erken evre hastalıkta tedavisiz izlem, cerrahi, tutulu alan radyoterapisi ve tek başına ritüksimab tercih edilirken, yüksek tümör yükü olan olgularda ve ileri evre hastalıkta kemoimmünoterapi kullanılır, radyoterapi eklenebilir. Hastalık nüksü sonrasında dahi tedavi yanıtları oldukça iyidir. Tedaviye yönelik verilerin tamamı retrospektif çalışmalardan gelmektedir. Çalışmamızda kliniğimizde Aralık 2011-Aralık 2020 tarihleri arasında NLPHL tanısı alan 10 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların medyan yaşı 36 (28-60) yıldı. NLPHL tanılı hastalar HL tanılı hastaların %2.08’ini oluşturmakta idi. Hastaların %80’ni (n=8) erkekti. Tanı anında hastalarımızın %70’ni (n=7) erken evre idi ve tüm hastaların ECOG (Doğu Kooperatif Onkoloji Grubu) performans skoru 0’dı. Hastalarımızın hepsinde başvuru şikayeti ele gelen lenfadenopatiydi. Tanı anındaki hemogram ve biyokimyasal parametreler normal referans aralığındaydı. Tüm hastalarımızın bakılan immünhistokimyasal boyamalarında CD20 pozitifliği mevcuttu ve yalnız 1 (%10) hastanın CD30 pozitifliği mevcuttu. Dokuz (%90) hastamıza ilk sıra tedavi olarak ABVD (doksorubisin, bleomisin, vinblastin, dakarbazin) kemoterapisi uygulandı. Bir (%10) hastamıza ise kombine modalite tedavisi (CMT) olan ABVD ile birlikte RT uygulandı. Bir hastamıza hastalık progresyonu nedeni ile diğer hastamıza ise geç nüks sebebi ile kurtarma tedavisi sonrası otolog kök hücre nakli yapıldı. Kliniğimizde tanı konulan NLPHL hastalarının Amerika ve Almanya gibi yabancı ülkelerde yayınlanan literatürlerde belirtilen insidans oranları ve verilen ilk basamak tedavi seçimi ile uyumsuz bir tablo oluşturmaktadır. Bu farklılığın Türkiye’den bildirilecek diğer verilerle karşılaştırılması ve tartışılması uygun olacaktır., Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an infrequent disease with a favorable prognosis. NLPHL accounts for 5% of all HL cases. The major problems encountered in NLPHL are treatment side effects, recurrent disease or transformation into NHL. Patients with early-stage NLPHL are prefered active monitoring, surgery, radiotherapy to the part of the body affected by lymphoma, single-agent rituximab whereas individuals with advanced NLPHL are treated with chemotherapy/radiotherapy may be added. Even relapsed NLPHL responds quite well to treatment. It is important to repeat the biopsy at recurrence because of the high risk of transformation of NLPHL. Although transformed disease is mostly related to primary disease clonaly, survival of patients in which autologous stem cell transplant is done following salvage therapy, is similar to those with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). All data on treatment come from retrospective studies. Ten patients diagnosed with NLPHL in our clinic between December 2011 and December 2020 were evaluated in our study. Median age was found 36 years. Patients with a diagnosis of NLPHL comprised 2.08% of patients with a diagnosis of HL. Eight of patients (80%) were male. At the time of diagnosis, all patients had ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) score of 0 and seven of the patients (70%) were at early stage. All patients who applied to the hospital, complained about palpable lymphadenopathy at first. Hemograms and biochemical parameters were in reference intervals at the time of diagnosis. Immunohistochemical staining showed that all patient’s specimen were positive for CD20, but just one of them (10%) positive for CD30. Nine patiens (90%) were administered ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) chemotheraphy as first-line theraphy. On the other hand one patient (10%) received coadministration of RT with ABVD (CMT). One of our patients due to disease progression and the other patient due to late recurrent disease, recieved salvage chemotherapy regimen. After chemotherapy, patients had autologous stem cell transplant. NLPHL patients diagnosed in our clinic are not competible with incidence rates and first-line treatment option given in the published foreign literature. It would be appropriate to compare and discuss the difference with other data reported in Turkey.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is thrombotic microangiopathy caused by decreased activity of ADAMTS13, a von Willebrand factor-degrading metalloprotease. Here, we present a male patient with neurological symptoms, diagnosed with TTP and successfully treated with plasmapheresis.

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is considered a curable disease; however, approximately one-third of responders experience disease relapse following first-line therapy. Several studies have shown the efficacy of brentuximab vedotin (BV) in patients with relapsed/refractory HL. We present a retrospective analysis of 58 patients with relapsed/refractory HL treated with BV in a named patient program from 11 centers. The median follow-up duration was 20 (range, 4-84) months. The best overall response rate was 64% (complete response [CR], 31%; partial response [PR], 33%). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-0.22) and 26% (95% CI, 0.16-0.38), respectively. Among patients who achieved CR, the estimated 5-year PFS and OS rates were 32% (95% CI, 0.13-0.54) and 60% (95% CI, 0.33-0.78), respectively. A total of 26 patients underwent subsequent stem cell transplantation. The 5-year PFS and OS rates for 10 patients who had consolidative stem cell transplantation were 28% and 30%, respectively. Twenty-seven patients required further therapy following BV. At the time of the analysis, 12 patients (21%) were alive. Five patients (9%) had long-term remission after achieving CR with BV monotherapy, with a median PFS of 76 months. Three of them (5%) did not receive any other treatment following BV and their median PFS was 75 months. Our long-term results showed that a small subset of patients with relapsed/refractory cHL may benefit from and even be cured with BV monotherapy.

Bu çalışmada; lenfomada ilk basamak tedavi sonrasında Flor-18 fluorodeoksiglukoz pozitron emisyon tomografisinin (FDG-PET/BT) rezidüel SUVmax değerine göre duyarlılık ve özgünlüğünün geriye dönük olarak klinik takip veya biyopsi sonuçları doğrultusunda belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmaya Ocak 2004-Mayıs 2012 tarihleri arasında takip edilen, 18 yaş üzeri, agresif B hücreli Hodgkin dışı lenfoma (Yüksek dereceli sınıflandırılamamış B hücreli lenfoma, diffüz büyük B hücreli lenfoma [DBBHL], mantle hücreli lenfoma, Burkitt lenfoma) ve Hodgkin lenfoma (klasik ve nodüler predominant) tanılı 69 hasta dahil edildi. Tedavi sonu FDG-PET/BT’ leri değerlendirilen hastaların ortanca takip süresi 40 ay olup ortalama yaş 49,7 ± 15,5 yıl olarak hesaplandı. Klinik takipte standart tedavi sonrası 23 Hodgkin lenfoma olgusunun sadece birinde, 46 Hodgkin dışı lenfoma olgusunun 10’ unda (%21) relaps gözlendi. Hodgkin dışı lenfomalı 7 olgu (%15) ise tedaviye dirençli idi. Hastaların ortanca relaps süresi 20 ay idi. Rezidü SUVmax > 3,5 kabul edildiğinde duyarlılık, özgüllük, olumlu öngörü, olumsuz öngörü, doğruluk oranları sırası ile %66,6, %94,1, %80, %88,9, %87 olarak hesaplandı. Sonuç olarak; Gallamini kriterleri ile benzer şekilde tedavi sonu FDG-PET/BT’ deki en yüksek doğruluğa sahip rezidüel SUVmax sınır değerinin >3,5 olduğu saptandı. ROC analizlerinde ise SUVmax >4 değerinin %96 özgüllüğe sahip olduğu ve görsel değerlendirmenin şüpheli olduğu lenfomalarda bu sınır değerin anlamlı olabileceği düşünüldü.

Introduction Amphotericin B (AmB-d) is one of the most effective therapeutic options against frequently life-threatening systemic fungal infections in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, significant adverse effects including nephrotoxicity associated with its use limit its more widespread use. The objectives of our study were to determine the incidence of AmB-d associated nephrotoxicity, to evaluate clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients, and to support the notion that conventional amphotericin B remains a valid therapeutic option among hematologic patients with proper patient selection. Materials and methods A total of 110 patients with hematologic malignancies were admitted to our Hematology Unit between January 2014 and November 2017 who required anti-fungal therapy during intensive systemic chemotherapy. The incidence of AmB-d associated nephrotoxicity, side effect profile, time to nephrotoxicity, and clinical and epidemiological characteristics associated with treatment success were assessed retrospectively. Results Of the 110 patients receiving AmB-d, 70 (63.6%) were male and 40 (36.4%) were female. The mean age of participants was 44 years. The most common diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia (n=53, 48.2%), and the most common chemotherapy protocol was 7 + 3 remission-induction (cytarabine 100 mg/m² days 1-7, Idarubicin 12 mg/m² days 1-3; n=24, 21.8%). In 56.4% of the patients, antifungal therapy was given empirically. In 40 patients (36.4%), nephrotoxicity was observed following antifungal treatment, and only four patients had stage 3 renal failure. The mean duration of time to nephrotoxicity from initiation of amphotericin B was four days (min: 2, max: 31). All patients were found to receive at least one additional potential nephrotoxic treatment during the antifungal treatment process. Conclusion: AmB-d is associated with a significant risk of nephrotoxicity. In most hematological patients, antifungal treatment is initiated empirically, and patients received prolonged courses of treatment. Therefore, it is plausible to initiate such treatment with AmB-d, when one considers the already high treatment costs in this patient group as well as the fact that AmB-d offers similar efficacy to antifungal agents at a lower cost. AmB-d may be recommended as a first-line agent in this patient group with the introduction of newer and more costly antifungal agents when needed, on the basis of the fact that these patients can be closely monitored in a hospital setting, reversible nature of nephrotoxicity upon discontinuation, and rare occurrence of severe renal failure requiring dialysis.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare X-linked genetic disorder. On the contrary to its name, it is a multisystemic disease and various symptoms other than hemoglobinuria could be occurred. It could be life threatening especially because of thromboembolic events. In the last decade, a terminal complement inhibition with eculizumab approved with promising results for PNH patients. We conducted this study to evaluate the long term experience of eculizumab therapy from Turkey for the first time. Our cohort included 138 patients with PNH treated with eculizumab between January 2008 and December 2018 at 28 centers in Turkey. Laboratory and clinical findings at the time of diagnosis and after eculizumab therapy were recorded retrospectively. The median age was 39 (range 18-84) years and median granulocyte PNH clone size was 74% (range 3.06-99.84%) at the time of diagnosis. PNH with bone marrow failure syndrome was detected in 49 patients and the rest of 89 patients had classical PNH. Overall 45 patients (32.6%) had a history of any prior thrombotic event before eculizumab therapy and only 2 thrombotic events were reported during the study period. Most common symptoms are fatigue (75.3%), hemoglobinuria (18.1%), abdominal pain (15.2%) and dysphagia (7.9%). Although PNH is commonly related with coombs negativity, we detected coombs positivity in 2.17% of patients. Seven months after the therapy, increased hemoglobin level was seen and remarkably improvement of lactate dehydrogenase level during the treatment was occurred. In addition to previous studies, our real life data support that eculizumab is well tolerated with no serious adverse events and improves the PNH related findings.

While autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is expected in non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, it is less common in marginal zone lymphoma. Sixty-year-old male patient was followed up with hemolytic anemia in our clinic and while the etiology was investigated, scattered nodes in the mediastinum and abdomen compatible with lymphoproliferative disease were observed on CT, and positive detection of CD5, CD19, CD20, CD22, CD45, HLA-DR, FMC-7 on flow cytometry sent from peripheral blood and a diagnosis of low grade B cell lymphoma (MZL) was made with the result of bone marrow pathology. We found it appropriate to present our MZL case because of its response to steroid treatment and its rare presentation with AIHA.

Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma is an infrequent disease. It is associated with a favorable prognosis. The most important problems with the management of the disease are relapses, transformation to non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and treatment-related toxicities. In early stages of disease, watchful waiting, surgery, radiotherapy, and single-agent rituximab are the treatment options. Chemo-immunotherapy may be preferred in early disease with high tumor and symptom burden. In advanced disease, chemo-immunotherapy with or without radiotherapy is used. Good responses can be achieved in relapsed disease. The risk of transformation is high. It is reasonable to obtain re-biopsies at relapses. Transformed disease and the primary disease have been shown to be clonally-related in most cases. Prognosis of transformed disease which is treated with salvage chemo-immunotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is similar to that of de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. All of the data regarding the treatment come from retrospective data.

Bu calismanin amaci hematopoetik kok hucre nakli yapilan hastalarda komorbidite indekslerinin sagkalimi ongormede prediktif degerlerini saptamakti. Agustos 2009–Mart 2014 tarihleri arasinda otolog hematopoetik kok hucre nakli (OHKHN) yapilan hematolojik maligniteli 110 hastanin verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Komorbidite indeksleri ve sagkalim sureleri arasindaki iliski Kaplan-Meier testi kullanilarak incelendi. OHKHN yapilan 110 hastanin 58’ini (%53) kadin, 52’sini (%47) erkek hastalar olusturmaktaydi. Hastalarin ortanca yasi 54 (22-72)’tu. OHKHN yapilan hastalarin 84’u (%76) Multipl miyelom (MM), 18’i (%17) Non-hodgkin lenfoma (NHL), 8’i (%7) Hodgkin lenfoma (HL) taniliydi. 2 yillik takiplerinde hastalarin 57’si (%52) nuks olmustu, 53’u (%48) remisyondaydi, 40’i (%36) hayatini kaybetmisti. Hayatta olan 70 (%64) hasta vardi. En sik komorbiditeler pulmoner hastaliklar (%33), psikiyatrik hastaliklar (%29) ve enfeksiyon hastaliklariydi (%20). Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), Flexible Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (Flexible HCT-CI) ve Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) skoru ile progresyonsuz sagkalim ve genel sagkalim arasindaki iliski incelendiginde istatistiksel anlamli bir iliski bulunamadi (p>0.05). Yapilan calismalarda genel sagkalimi en iyi ongoren komorbidite skoru HCT-CI olmakla birlikte bizim calismamizda daha sik 65 yas alti, perfomans durumu iyi olan, komorbid hastaligi az olan hastalara nakil yapilmasi nedeni ile HCT-CI komorbidite skorunun bu grup hastalarda kullanimi ve sagkalimi ongormedeki etkisi kisitlidir. Komorbidite indekslerindeki parametre sayilari arttikca sagkalimi ongormedeki duyarliliklari artmaktadir. Nakil oncesi rutin kullanima girmeleriyle birlikte bu konuyla ilgili tecrubelerimiz artacaktir.

Cranial imaging is vital in patients with complaints of sudden speech disorder, deterioration in performance status, urinary and fecal incontinence, and numbness in hands and feet. It provides an investigation of etiology and clarification of diagnosis. Hematological malignancies sometimes present with these symptoms and imaging may be the first method for diagnosis. In this case, we will present a patient diagnosed with primary central nervous system lymphoma, who was found to be HIV-positive during follow-up, and who progressed early and died despite treatment.

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasia (BPDCN) is a rare hematological malignancy whose pathogenesis has not yet been elucidated. Skin, bone marrow, and lymph node involvement can be observed, and it is generally seen in men and old adults. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) features of skin and bone marrow biopsy are essential for diagnosis. There are no standardized treatment options for this malignancy, and the prognosis is particularly poor. Although there are no standardized treatment options for this malignancy, multiple agent chemotherapies such as Hyper-CVAD and CHOP can be used. Bone marrow transplantation may be an option for patients with life expectancy. More case reports are required to understand and manage this extremely rare malignancy. We report the case we encountered in our clinic and selected CVP as the treatment approach.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma is characterized by the infiltration of small vessels by lymphoid cells. These cells are not seen in the systemic circulation. Depending on the involvement location, it may present with different clinics such as central nervous system and skin involvement. Therefore, diagnosis may delay. Diagnosis is based on pathology. Herein we present a rare patient who initially presented with cellulitis and was ultimately diagnosed with Intravascular Large B Cell Lymphoma. With this case, we aim that lymphoma infiltration should be considered in skin lesions that are difficult to diagnose.

COVID-19 is a systemic infection with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis. Reported findings indicate that immunosuppression, endothelial activation, and direct viral-mediated tissue damage rather than hyperinflammation-related injury mediates COVID-19 induced organ dysfunction. If direct infection drives injury, the vascular tissue is expected to be quite susceptible as it highly expresses angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), which is essential for coronavirus uptake. Viral injury, disordered cytokine release, and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) induce localized microvascular inflammation, which triggers endothelial activation, leading to vasodilation and pro-thrombotic conditions. It has been shown that lymphocytes express the ACE-2 receptor on their surfaces thus, SARS-CoV-2 may directly infect those cells and ultimately lead to their lysis. Furthermore, the cytokine storm is characterized by markedly increased levels of interleukins and TNF –alpha, which may promote lymphocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis mediates lymphocyte depletion and inhibitory effects of lactic acid on lymphocyte proliferation.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) is an infectious agent that can increase morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with neutropenia in haematology departments. We analysed VRE infections and mortality rates among VRE colonized patients with acute leukaemia, defined predisposing risk factors for infection and mortality, and investigated the influence of daptomycin or linezolid treatment on mortality.We included 200 VRE colonized adult acute leukaemia patients with febrile neutropenia between January 2010 and January 2016. Data were collected from electronic files.There were 179 patients in the colonized group, and 21 patients in the infected group. Enterococcus faecium (van A) was isolated from all patients. The infection rate was 10.5 %, and the types of infections noted were as follows: bloodstream (n = 14; 66.7 %), skin and soft tissue (n = 3; 14.3 %), urinary (n = 2; 9.5 %), and others (9.5 %). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, exposure to invasive procedures, coinfection status, and15 days of VRE positivity were independent risk factors for VRE infections. In hospital mortality rates were 57.1 % in the infected group, and 9.5 % in the colonized group (p 0.001). Older age, female gender, absolute neutropenia, and coinfection status were statistically significant predictor of survival.Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality in haematology patients with neutropenia. Clinicians should be aware of predisposing risk factors for VRE infection to avoid unfavourable outcomes. We believe that larger studies are necessary regarding the influence of treatment with daptomycin and linezolid.

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among neutropenic patients undergoing chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and stem cell transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-life impact of posaconazole prophylaxis.Eighty-four adult patients were included with AML under remission induction chemotherapy and posaconazole prophylaxis. The 34 patients in the control group did not receive primary antifungal prophylaxis. The period between June 2006 and January 2009, when antifungal prophylaxis was not administered (control group), was retrospectively compared to the period between December 2010 and May 2012 when primary oral posaconazole prophylaxis was administered in similar conditions (posaconazole group) according to the use of antifungal agents for treatment, breakthrough infections, galactomannan performance, and the necessity for performing bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) procedures.The two groups were compared according to the use of antifungal agents; progression to a different antifungal agent was found in 34/34 patients (100%) in the control group and in 9/84 patients (11%) in the posaconazole group (p0.001). There were four breakthrough IFIs (4/84, 4.8%) in the posaconazole group and 34 IFIs in the control group (p0.001). In addition, 15/34 patients (44%) in the control group required BAL compared to 11/84 patients (13%) in the posaconazole group (p0.001). Posaconazole treatment was discontinued within 7-14 days in 7/84 patients (8.3%) due to poor oral compliance related to mucositis after chemotherapy.Posaconazole appears to be effective and well-tolerated protection against IFIs for AML patients.İnvaziv fungal enfeksiyonlar (İFE) akut myeloid lösemili (AML) ve kök hücre nakli yapılan hastalarda önemli bir mortalite ve morbidite nedenidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı posakonazol profilaksisinin gerçek yaşamdaki etkisini değerlendirmektir.AML ve remisyon indüksiyon kemoterapisi alan ve posakonazol profilaksisi uygulanan 84 erişkin hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kontrol grubunda primer antifungal profilaksi almayan 34 hasta dahil edildi. Haziran 2006 ile Ocak 2009 tarihleri arası primer oral posakonazol profilaksisi almayan (kontrol grubu) ile Aralık 2010 ile Mayıs 2012 arası primer oral posakonazol profilaksisi (posakonazol grubu) uygulanan hastaları geriye dönük olarak; tedavi için antifungal ajan kullanımı, tedavi altında (breakthrough) enfeksiyonlar, galaktomannan performansı ve bronko-alveolar lavaj (BAL) gerekliliği gibi benzer durumlar için karşılaştırdık.İki grup antifungal ajan kullanımına göre karşılaştırıldığında farklı antifungal ajana geçiş kontrol grubunda 34/34 (%100) idi ve posakonazol grubunda bu oran 9/84 (%11) bulundu (p0,001). Posakonazol grubunda 4 tedavi altında (breakthrough) IFE (4/84, %4,8) ve kontrol grubunda ise 34 İFE vardı (p0,001). İlaveten kontrol grubunda BAL gereken hasta 15/34 (%44) iken, posakonazol grubunda BAL gerekliliği 11/84 (%13) bulundu (p0,001). Posakonazol tedavisi hastaların 7/84’ünde (%8,3) kemoterapi sonrası mukozite bağlı oral alım bozukluğu nedeniyle 7-14 gün içinde kesilmişti.Posakonazol AML’li hastaların invaziv fungal enfeksiyonlarına karşı korumada etkili ve iyi tolere ediliyor görünmektedir.

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Materials and Methods A total of 285 chronic ITP patients (187 women, 65.6%; 98 men, 34.4%) followed in 55 centers were enrolled in this retrospective cohort. Response to treatment was assessed according to platelet count (/mm3) and defined as complete (platelet count of >100,000/mm3), partial (30,000-100,000/mm3 or doubling of platelet count after treatment), or unresponsive (

61st Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH) -- DEC 07-10, 2019 -- Orlando, FL, Onec, Birgul/0000-0003-2824-1044; OZDOGU, HAKAN/0000-0002-8902-1283, WOS:000577164604216, [No Abstract Available], Amer Soc Hematol

INTRODUCTION: Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are commonly seen in immunosuppressive patients. Early diagnosis is key to optimizing antifungal treatment success. Betaglucan (BG) assay can detect most of the fungal pathogens except mucormycosis and Cryptococcus. In this study we aimed to evaluate the value of BG as a diagnostic tool in patients with hematological malignancy and IFI.METHODS: Forty-six hematological malignancy patients under induction and consolidation chemotherapy that expected to have neutropenia for more than 14 days with no clinical and radiological signs of IFI are included in this study. Blood Galactomannan (GM) and BG levels were measured 2 times in a week during the hospitalization period. Method A (proven + probable groups vs non IFI) and Method B (proven + probable + possible groups vs. non IFI) variables were determined to assess the sensitivity, specifity and predictive values.RESULTS: In method A; BG test's sensitivity, specifity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) was determined as 68.75%, 84.1%, 52.4%, 91.4% respectively. In method B (proven + probable + possible groups vs. non IFI) BG test sensitivity, specifity, PPV, NPV was determined as 60%, 88.9%, 71.4%, and 82.8% respectively.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Depending on our data and present literature; we conclude that BG and GM is a non-invasive contributory test for the diagnosis of IFI The current treatment of the symptomatic extremity, GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: İnvaziv fungal enfeksiyonlar (IFE) sıklıkla immün süpresif hastalarda görülmektedir. Antifungal tedavi başarısı için erken tanı anahtar öneme sahiptir. Betaglucan (BG) testi mucormikoz ve kriptokoklar dışında birçok mantar patojeni tespit edebilir. Bu çalışmada betaglucan düzeyinin hematolojik kanserli ve IFE'li hastalarda tanısal bir araç olarak değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Indüksiyon veya konsolidasyon tedavisi alan, klinik ve radyolojik IFE bulguları olmayan 14 günden uzun süreli nötropeni beklentisi olan 46 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastanede yattıkları süre içerisinde haftada 2 defa kan galaktmannan (GM) ve BG düzeyleri ölçüldü. Sensitivite, spesifite ve öngörğlen değerlerin yorumlanması için Metod A (kanıtlanmış + muhtemel grup vs non-IFE) ve Metod B (kanıtlanmış + muhtemel +olası grup vs non-IFE ) değişkenleri tanımlandı.BULGULAR: Metod A'da; BG testinin sensitivitesi, spesifitesi, pozitif öngörülen değer (PÖD), Negatif öngörülen değer (NÖD) sırasıyla %68.75, %84.1, %52.4, %91.4 olarak tespit edildi. Metod B'de; BG testinin sensitivitesi, spesifitesi, PÖD, NÖD sırasıyla %60, %88.9, %71.4, %82.8 olarak tespit edildi.Hiçbir hastada ameliyat içi istenmeyen durum olmadı. Cerrahi gruptaki 3 hastaya embolizasyon uygulandı. Postoperatif takiplerde 1 hastada enfeksiyon, 2 hastada nüks saptandı.TARTIŞMA ve SONUÇ: Bizim verilerimiz ve mevcut literature dayanarak BG ve GM'nin IFE tanısına katkı sağlayan non-invaziv test olduğu sonucuna vardık.

61st Annual Meeting and Exposition of the American-Society-of-Hematology (ASH) -- DEC 07-10, 2019 -- Orlando, FL, BERBER, Ilhami/0000-0003-3312-8476, WOS:000577164606194, [No Abstract Available], Amer Soc Hematol