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Objectives Microribonucleic acids (microRNA/miRNA/miR-) are predicted to be useful in the early diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aimed to investigate the relationship of DN to miR-21-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-126-3p, miR-129-1-3p, miR-137, miR-192-5p, miR-212-3p, and miR-320c. Methods There were 50 healthy controls and 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The diabetic patients were divided into three subgroups: normal to mildly increased (A1, n=51), moderately increased (A2, n=25), and severely increased (A3, n=24) albuminuria. The biochemical measurements were analysed using Roche Cobas 8000. The plasma miRNAs were analysed using RT-qPCR based on SYBR green chemistry. Results The relative expression of miR-21-3p was significantly lower in the (A3 p=0.005, 6.6-fold decrease) and DN (A1 + A3) (p=0.005, 6.6-fold decrease) groups compared to the controls. The relative expression of miR-192-5p was also significantly lower in the DN group (p=0.027, 2.4-fold decrease) compared to the controls. The area under curve value was 0.726 for miR-21-3p and 0.717 for miR-192-5p for distinguishing the DN group from the controls. Conclusions The decreased expressions of miR-21-3p and miR-192-5p are associated with the development of DN and may be potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of DN.

Objective: Caspase-1 is implicated in several important inflammatory diseases and controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions. This study was planned to determine if there is any relationship between Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: Forty-two women with PCOS and thirty-seven healthy controls were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels, serum lipid sub-fractions, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and other hormones (gonadotropins, androgens), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin resistance. Results: Free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR, MDA and Caspase-1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS. However, the women with PCOS had considerably lower GSH concentration levels than healthy subjects. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in study subjects than in controls, though it was statistically insignificant. Caspase-1 was positively associated with IL-10. Conclusion: These outcomes propose that Caspase-1 may have a role in triggering the processes leading to chronic low-grade inflammation in women with PCOS, independent of insulin resistance, androgen excess and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the precise role of Caspase-1 in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. (C) 2020 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cabus, Umit; Kabukcu, Cihan; Oztekin, Ozer; Fenkci, Veysel] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denizli, Turkey. [Fenkci, Semin] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Denizli, Turkey. [Caner, Vildan] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Denizli, Turkey. [Enli, Yasar] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Denizli, Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Due to the heterogeneous nature of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), the mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression have not yet been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the characteristics of plasma exosomes of DLBCL patients and healthy individuals and to evaluate the exosomal interactions between DLBCL cell lines and normal B-cells. METHODS: Exosome isolation was performed using an ultracentrifugation-based protocol from plasma of 20 patients with DLBCL and 20 controls. The expression of miRNAs from exosome samples was analyzed using a miRNA expression microarray. The presence of exosome-mediated communication between the lymphoma cells and normal B-cells was determined by the co-culture model. RESULTS: A significant increase in plasma exosome concentrations of DLBCL patients was observed. There was also a significant decrease in the expression of 33 miRNAs in plasma exosomes of DLBCL patients. It was determined that normal B-cells internalize DLBCL-derived exosomes and then miRNA expression differences observed in normal B-cells are specific to lymphoma-subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: MiR-3960, miR-6089 and miR-939-5p can be used as the miRNA signature in DLBCL diagnosis. We suppose that the exosomes changed the molecular signature of the target cells depending on the genomic characterization of the lymphoma cells they have originated.

Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a prototypical member of the long pentraxin subfamily, is a evolutionarily conserved multimeric pattern recognition receptor involved in the humoral component of the innate immune system. Pentraxin 3 is released when tissue is stressed or damaged, and interacts with many different ligands. Pentraxin 3 exerts a pivotal role both as a regulator and as an indicator of inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as sepsis, vasculitis and preeclampsia. Uncontrolled inflammatory response is considered a major cause of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss (URPL). We determined the PTX3 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expression levels in placentai tissues from 50 women with URPL, and made comparison with those in 50 age-matched control subjects. In quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses, PTX3 mRNA and protein levels, respectively, were significantly increased in URPL patients compared with their respective controls (p = 0.0001). Although no significant correlations were identified between PTX3 expression levels and clinical parameters such as maternal age, numbers of previous pregnancy losses, and gestational age at miscarriage, PTX3 mRNA expression was significantly higher in patients with no live births than in women with previous live births (p = 0.0001). Our study suggests that tissue-specific expression of PTX3 is associated with URPL. Further larger studies are required to determine whether PTX3 expression can be used as a biomarker to manage URPL in routine clinical practice.

Aims: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma. This study was designed to compare epigenetic alterations observed in Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2)-target genes between plasma-derived exosomes and primary tumors in DLBCL patients. Main methods: Exosomes were isolated from plasma of 21 DLBCL patients and 21 controls. We analyzed the methylation status of the target genes using methylation-specific PCR. We also examined whether the exosomes and the tumor samples contained transcripts of the target genes. Key findings: We found that CDKN2A and CDKN2B were methylated in both plasma exosomes and primary tumor tissue samples. None of the transcripts were found in the exosomes except CDKN1B which was expressed in 8 (38%) of the exosome samples. Significance: This study showed that plasma exosomes might preferably package certain target molecules from primary tumors and the exosomes containing dual methylated DNAs of CDKN2A and CDKN2B, or CDKN1B transcript may contribute to DLBCL pathogenesis. © 2020, Federación de Sociedades Españolas de Oncología (FESEO).

The objective of the current study was examining early and late (3, 24 h) responses to acute, chronic swimming exercise as muscle damage and regeneration in gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complexes. We also aimed to reveal the signaling pathways involved. 8–12 weeks old mice were grouped as control, exercise. Exercising groups were firstly divided into two as acute and chronic, later every group was again divided in terms of time (3, 24 h) passed from the last exercise session until exsanguination. Acute exercise groups swam 30 min, while chronic swimming groups exercised 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks. Histological investigations were performed to determine muscle damage and regeneration. Whole-genome expression analysis was applied to total RNA samples. Microarray data was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Exercising mice muscle revealed enhanced damage, leukocyte infiltration. Increments in acute and chronic 3 h groups were statistically significant. Car3, Neb, Obscn, Ttn, Igfbp5, Igfbp7, Gsk3β, and Usp2 were down-regulated in muscles of swimming mice. The exercise-induced signaling pathways involved in muscle damage and regeneration were drawn. Our findings demonstrate that swimming induces muscle damage. Samples were obtained at 3 and 24 h following exercise, this time duration seems not sufficient for the development of myofibrillogenesis.

Objective To show experimentally induced renal stone disease and to evaluate secondary inflammatory responses in vivo, and to characterize changes in the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) subtypes in this model. Methods Twenty 5- to 6-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into control and hyperoxaluria groups (n = 10 per group) and were supplied with normal water or 1% ethylene glycol, respectively, for 16 weeks. The animals were then placed in metabolic cages, and urine was collected for a 24-hour urine oxalate level evaluation. Following sacrifice, rats were subjected to bilateral nephrectomy and both kidneys were histopathologically evaluated. A 1-mm3 biopsy section from the right kidney of each rat was subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction of the TLR expression. Results At the end of week 16, the hyperoxaluria group had a higher mean 24-hour urine oxalate level (1.91) than the control group (0.29) (P

WOS: 000442483900002 PubMed ID: 30132448 Background: We aimed to determine the effects of exercise followed by detraining on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heme oxygenase 2 (HO-2) expression, and carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) concentration in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) to explain the role of carbon monoxide (CO) in this process. Material/Methods: Animals were randomized into exercised and detrained groups. Corresponding sedentary rats were grouped as Time 1-2. Swimming of 60 min/5 days/week for 10 weeks was applied. Detraining rats discontinued training for an additional 5 weeks. Gene and protein expressions were determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results: Aorta HO-2 histological scores (HSCORE) of hypertensive rats were lower, while SBP was higher. Swimming caused enhancement of HO-2 immunostaining in aorta endothelium and adventitia of SHR. Exercise induced elevation of blood COHb index in SHR. Synchronous BP lowering effect of exercise was observed. HO-2 mRNA expression, HSCORE, and blood COHb index were unaltered during detraining, while SBP was still low in SHR. Conclusions: CO synthesized by HO-2 at least partly plays a role in SBP regulation in the SHR-and BP-lowering effect of exercise. Regular exercise with short-term pauses may be advised to both hypertensives and individuals who are at risk. Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitPamukkale University [2012ARS002, 2013SBE002, 2016HZLDP018, 2018KRM002-201] This study is part of a PhD thesis and was supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit through project numbers 2012ARS002, 2013SBE002, 2016HZLDP018 and 2018KRM002-201

Purpose Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity in response to pathogens and endogenous danger signals from damaged or dying cells. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between urothelial carcinoma (UC) and TLR expression. Basic procedures Real-time polymerase chain reaction evaluation was made of the messenger RNA expression of TLRs 1–10 in 24 UC samples and 46 nontumoral bladder tissue samples. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β IL-6, and IL-8) in the urine samples were also determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main findings TLR2–7 and TLR10 expressions were significantly higher in UC than in the control group (P

Campylobacter jejuni , one of the most common causes of human gastroenteritis, is a thermophilic and microaerophilic bacterium. These characteristics make it a fastidious organism, which limits its ability to survive outside animal hosts. Nevertheless, C. jejuni can be transmitted to both humans and animals via environmental pathways, especially through contaminated water. Biofilms may play a crucial role in the survival of the bacterium under unfavorable environmental conditions. The goal of this study was to investigate survival strategies of C. jejuni in mono- and mixed-culture biofilms. We grew monoculture biofilms of C. jejuni and mixed-culture biofilms of C. jejuni with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . We found that mono- and mixed-culture biofilms had significantly different structures and activities. Monoculture C. jejuni biofilms did not consume a measurable quantity of oxygen. Using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), we found that cells from monoculture biofilms were alive according to live/dead staining but that these cells were not culturable. In contrast, in mixed-culture biofilms, C. jejuni remained in a culturable physiological state. Monoculture C. jejuni biofilms could persist under lower flow rates (0.75 ml/min) but were unable to persist at higher flow rates (1 to 2.5 ml/min). In sharp contrast, mixed-culture biofilms were more robust and were unaffected by higher flow rates (2.5 ml/min). Our results indicate that biofilms provide an environmental refuge that is conducive to the survival of C. jejuni .

Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1 (ERCC1) is an important DNA repair gene, playing critical role in nucleotide excision repair pathway and having a significant influence on genomic instability. Some studies support that ERCC1 might be a potential predictive and prognostic marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ERCC1 has also been shown to be a promising biomarker in NSCLC treated with a cisplatin-based regimen. Therefore, the determination of ERCC1 expression at DNA, mRNA and protein level in different stages of NSCLC is still an important topic in the cancer. Ninety-one formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples histopathologically diagnosed as NSCLC were examined in this study. ERCC1 expression at protein level were scored by immunohistochemistry. The gene amplification and mRNA expression levels for ERCC1 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR. There was complete concordance among the three methods in 39 tumor samples (42.9%). A strong correlation was found between DNA amplification and mRNA expression (r = 0.662) while there was no correlation between mRNA and protein assessment for ERCC1 expression (r = -0.013). ERCC1 expression at mRNA and DNA level (63.1 and 84.2%, respectively) in tumors at stage III was higher than at the other stages. In contrast, the protein expression at stage II and III (56.6 and 52.6%, respectively) of NSCLC was lower than that of tumors with stage I NSCLC. These results show that the mechanism by which ERCC1 expression might play a role in tumor behavior. This study was also confirmed that the appropriate validation and qualification in methods used for ERCC1 status were needed before its clinical application and implementation. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

DNA repair plays a key role in prevention of carcinogenesis and one of the most important DNA repair mechanisms is nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. This pathway includes a number of genes such as excision repair cross-complementing group 1 (ERCC1) gene which are responsible for the 5′ incision of damaged DNA. A reduced DNA repair capacity associated with ERCC1 mRNA level has been observed in lung carcinogenesis. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ERCC1 gene, T19007C (rs11615) and C8092A (rs3212986), reportedly predict to affect the mRNA of ERCC1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine the role of two common SNPs in ERCC1 gene further, we conducted this study where 80 cases histopatologically diagnosed as NSCLC were genotyped. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues and two SNPs were analyzed using real-time PCR. The distributions of TT, TC, and CC genotypes of the T19007C SNP were 40, 44 and 16%, respectively. Significantly increased frequency of the patients carrying at least one 19007C allele was observed in early stage compared to advanced stage (P = 0.002). And also, the frequency of TC and CC genotypes significantly increased in younger patients compared to older patients (P = 0.035). Regarding C8092A SNP, the distribution of CC, CA, and AA genotypes was 38, 51 and 11%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the genotype distribution between C8092A SNP and clinicopathological parameters. This study indicated that harboring at least one 19007C allele may have protective effect in NSCLC. © 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the tumor-related genes including DNA repair genes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of promoter methylation of the O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene as a DNA repair gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyze the correlation with clinicopathological parameters including age, gender, smoking status, histological subtype, and clinical stage. Eighty patients with NSCLC were included in this study. The analysis of DNA methylation was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues. Following DNA isolation and bisulfite treatment, DNA methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 51 of 80 (64%) NSCLC patients. There was a significant correlation between MGMT methylation and tumor stage (p=0.01). The frequencies of the promoter methylation of MGMT gene in smokers and older patients were higher than in their counterparts. In conclusion, the present study provides strong evidence for a higher frequency of promoter methylation of the MGMT gene in NSCLC, indicating that it is a common event during the carcinogenesis of NSCLC. © 2011 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

WOS: 000288828600002, PubMed ID: 27263937, Our aim was to investigate the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bid), apoptotic index (AI) and proliferation index (PI) in germinal center B-cell-like immunophenotypic profile (GCB) and non-GCB of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Materials and Methods: The methylation status of the promoter region of O-6-methylguanine-DNA yerine O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene and its relation with immunophenotypic differentiation of DLBCLs were also investigated. 101 cases were classified as GCB (29 cases) or non-GCB (72 cases). Apoptosis-associated proteins and PI were determined by IHC, and TUNEL method was used to determine AI. MGMT methylation analysis was performed by real-time PCR. Results: The PI was significantly higher in GCB compared with non-GCB (p=0.011). Percentage of cells stained with bcl-6 was positively correlated with the percentage of cells expressing bcl-2 (p=0.023), AI (p=0.006) and PI (p, Turkish Society of Hematology [2007/348]; Scientific Research Project Unit of Pamukkale UniversityPamukkale University, This research project was supported by the Turkish Society of Hematology (2007/348). Additionally, results of this study were presented at the 22nd European Congress of Pathology (4-9 September 2009, Florence, Italy) and the 19th National Congress of Pathology (7-11 October 2009, Girne, Cyprus). These presentations were supported by the Scientific Research Project Unit of Pamukkale University. The authors thank Dr. Mehmet Zencir for the statistical analysis.

Çokal, Yavuz (Balikesir Author), The current study aimed at determining the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance profiles of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. infecting broiler chickens. A total of 240 caecal samples from six slaughterhouses were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. C. jejuni was detected in 40.4% (97/240) of the samples and C. coli in 12.1% (29/240). The agar disc diffusion method and the E-test were used for testing the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates. C. jejuni isolates were most resistant to nalidixic acid (79.4%) followed by tetracycline (76.3%), ciprofloxacin (74.2%) and enrofloxacin (15.5%). Among the C. coli isolates, the frequency of resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was the same at 65.5%. The predominant profiles of multidrug resistance to three or more antimicrobials in C. jejuni and C. coli were determined as tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin resistance (48.5%) and tetracycline/nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin/enrofloxacin resistance (51.7%), respectively. To prevent the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria of animal origin to humans, it should be noted that high proportions of multidrug resistance were found in both species.

Purpose: Apelin is an adipokine that plays a role in the regulation of many biological functions in mammals including the neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, immune systems, glucose homeostasis and obesity. It can act via autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and exocrine signaling. We aimed to identify the role of apelin pathophysiology of diabetes. Material/methods: 37 male Wistar Albino rats aged 8-10 weeks were divided in four experimental groups as: control group (C) control + apelin group (C + A), diabetic group (D) diabetic + apelin group (D + A). Apelin and apelin receptor mRNA gene expressions in heart and aorta tissue were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The plasma levels of insulin and plasma apelin were determined by ELISA. Results Plasma levels of insulin, glucose, blood pressure levels were significantly lower in D + A group. There was no statistically significant difference for level of apelin between diabetic groups. On the other hand, differences for apelin and APJ mRNA expression in heart and vascular tissue were found significant between groups. Conclusions: Apelin can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of type II diabetes in the future. © 2014 Medical University of Bialystok., 2011 SBE001, This study was supported by Pamukkale University Research Fund (Project No.: 2011 SBE001).

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Different mechanisms deregulating cell cycle and apoptosis play a role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45γ) is an important gene family involved in these mechanisms. The aims of this study are to determine the frequency of GADD45γ methylation, to evaluate the correlation between GADD45γ methylation and protein expression, and to investigate the relation between methylation status and clinicopathologic parameters in DLBCL tissues and reactive lymphoid node tissues from patients with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia.Thirty-six tissue samples of DLBCL and 40 nonmalignant reactive lymphoid node tissues were analyzed in this study. Methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting analysis was used for the determination of GADD45γ methylation status. The GADD45γ protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.GADD45γ methylation was frequent (50.0%) in DLBCL. It was also significantly higher in advanced-stage tumors compared with early-stage (p=0.041). In contrast, unmethylated GADD45γ was associated with nodal involvement as the primary anatomical site (p=0.040).The results of this study show that, in contrast to solid tumors, the frequency of GADD45γ methylation is higher and this epigenetic alteration of GADD45γ may be associated with progression in DLBCL. In addition, nodal involvement is more likely to be present in patients with unmethylated GADD45γ.Amaç: Diffüz büyük B-hücreli lenfoma (DBBHL) yetişkin bireylerde Hodgkin-dışı lenfomaların en yaygın tipidir ve klinik, immünofenotipik ve genetik özellikler açısından heterojen özellikler taşıması ile karakterizedir. DBBHL patogenezinde hücre döngüsü ve apoptoz regülasyonunu bozan farklı mekanizmalar rol oynamaktadır. Growth arrest DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45γ), bu mekanizmalarda yer alan önemli bir gen ailesidir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları DBBHL doku örnekleri ve reaktif lenfoid hiperplazili bireylerin reaktif lenfoid doku örneklerinde GADD45γ metilasyon sıklığını belirlemek, GADD45γ metilasyonu ile protein ekspresyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek ve DBBHL olgularında metilasyon durumunun klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada 36 adet DBBHL doku örnekleri ve 40 adet malign-olmayan reaktif lenfoid doku örnekleri analiz edildi. GADD45γ metilasyon durumunu belirlemek için metilasyona-duyarlı yüksek çözünürlüklü erime eğrisi analizi kullanıldı. GADD45γ protein ekspresyonu immünohistokimyasal analiz ile belirlendi. Bulgular: DBBHL’de GADD45γ metilasyonunun sık olduğu belirlendi (%50). Aynı zamanda, erken evre ile karşılaştırıldığında ileri evre tümörlerde GADD45γ metilasyonu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde yüksekti (p=0,041). Ancak, GADD45γ metilasyon yokluğunun primer anatomik yerleşim olarak nodal tutulumla ilişkili olduğu belirlendi (p=0,040). Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sonuçları solid tümörlerin aksine, DBBHL’de GADD45γ metilasyon sıklığının yüksek olduğunu ve GADD45γ geninde gözlenen bu epigenetik değişimin, hastalığın progresyonu ile ilişkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, nodal tutulum daha çok GADD45γ metile olmayan olgularda gözlenmektedir.

Background: Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88) is a common adaptor protein that is responsible for signaling from several receptors; mutations in this gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of lymphoma. Aim: We aimed to determine the MYD88 L265P mutation frequency, the level of MYD88 expression, and their associations with clinicopathological parameters in mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Methods: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. The presence of the MYD88 L265P mutation was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. MYD88 protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using two different scoring systems. Results: MYD88 L265P mutation was present in eight (18.6%) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. We also observed a significant association between the loss of MYD88 expression and advanced stage in both mature B-cell NHL and DLBCL according to the first IHC scoring systems (p=0.015 and p=0.024, respectively). An association was also seen between MYD88 overexpression and low clinical risk in both mature B-cell NHL and DLBCL according to the second IHC scoring system (p=0.027 and p=0.024, respectively). Conclusions: The L265P mutation may be helpful for understanding the pathogenesis of immune-privileged site-associated DLBCLs. The presence of the mutation, together with its protein overexpression, could also be used as a prognostic marker in advanced stage DLBCLs. © Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.

Apelin, a novel multifunctional peptide implicated in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, including blood pressure and cardiac function control, has been postulated to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and hypertensive heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate, for the first time, whether the effects of apelin's chronic application might be involved in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertensive rats (DOCA-salt rats). In this study, 8-10-week-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, control + apelin, DOCA-salt rats, DOCA-salt rats + apelin. Deoxycorticosterone Acetate (25 mg/kg of body weight) was injected subcutaneously, twice a week for 4 weeks. These rats received NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking during the experimental period. Later, rats were randomly treated with pyroglutamylated apelin-13 (200 µg. kg-1. day-1 intraperitonealy) for 17 days. The concentrations of apelin, endothelin-1, angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and angiotensin II were analyzed in the plasma. The mRNA level of apelin and apelin receptor were determined in the heart and aorta tissue by real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. It was found that apelin reduces blood pressure in DOCA-salt rats. Apelin can be used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of hypertension in the future. © 2013 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc., 2011 SBE001, This study was supported by Pamukkale University Research Fund (Project no: 2011 SBE001).

The current study was undertaken to investigate chromosomal and genetical aberrations leading to overexpression of Topoisomerase-2 alpha (TOP2 alpha) and to reveal the possible association of these aberrations with HER2/neu overexpression and gene amplification, and to search for the relationship between TOP2 alpha and HER2/neu status with prognostical biomarkers in papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a group of tumors with diverse molecular, chromosomal and clinical features. Archival cases of papillary RCC obtained from Departments of Pathology of Pamukkale, Ege and Dokuz Eylul Universities were studied in two groups (type 1 and type 2) each containing 20 cases. The level of TOP2 alpha and HER2/neu expression by tumor cells were determined immunohistochemically. A multicolor FISH probe was used to define both amplification of HER2/neu and TOP2 alpha genes, and polysomy 17. The ratio of cells expressing TOP2 alpha in type 1 and type 2 papillary RCC were 24.29% and 6.89%, respectively. The difference was statistically significant comparing the average or median values of groups separately (p = 0.002). The expression levels of TOP2 alpha and HER2/neu were also correlated. TOP2 alpha and HER2/neu were co-amplified in both groups. Immunohistochemical expression was not observed in 15 of 23 cases with HER2/neu amplification. The most frequent finding detected by FISH method was polysomy of chromosome 17. We had contradictory results compared with the findings reported in the limited numbers of literature. It shows us that papillary RCC constitute a heterogenous group of tumors with various cytogenetic features and morphological classification of these tumors may not be compatible with their molecular characteristics.

Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is known to be a major inactivation mechanism of the tumor-related genes including DNA repair genes. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of promoter methylation of the O⁶-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene as a DNA repair gene in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to analyze the correlation with clinicopathological parameters including age, gender, smoking status, histological subtype, and clinical stage. Eighty patients with NSCLC were included in this study. The analysis of DNA methylation was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer tissues. Following DNA isolation and bisulfite treatment, DNA methylation was analyzed by methylation-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction. MGMT promoter methylation was detected in 51 of 80 (64%) NSCLC patients. There was a significant correlation between MGMT methylation and tumor stage (p = 0.01). The frequencies of the promoter methylation of MGMT gene in smokers and older patients were higher than in their counterparts. In conclusion, the present study provides strong evidence for a higher frequency of promoter methylation of the MGMT gene in NSCLC, indicating that it is a common event during the carcinogenesis of NSCLC.

Amaç: Diffüz büyük B-hücreli lenfoma (DBBHL)’nın germinal merkez B-hücresi benzeri (GCB) ve non-GCB profillerinde apoptozis-ilişkili proteinlerin (bcl-2, bcl-xl, bax, bak, bid) ekspresyonunu, apop- totic indeksi (AI) ve proliferasyon indeksi (PI)’ni araştırmaktır. Ayrıca, O6-methylguanine-DNA meth- yltransferase (MGMT) geninin promoter bölgesinin metilasyon durumunu ve onun DBBHL’nın immünofenotipik diferansiyasyonuyla ilişkisini araştırmaktır. Yöntem ve Gereçler: 101 olgu GCB (29 olgu) ve non-GCB (72 olgu) olarak sınıflandırıldı. Apoptozis- ilişkili proteinler ve PI immünohistokimyasal olarak saptandı ve TUNEL yöntemi AI’i belirlemek için kullanıldı. MGMT metilasyon analizi, real-time PCR ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: PI, non-GCB ile karşılaştırıldığında GCB’de anlamlı şekilde yüksek saptandı (p=0.011). Bcl-6 ile p: PI, non-GCB ile karşılaştırıldığında GCB’de anlamlı şekilde yüksek saptandı (p=0.011). Bcl-6 ile pozitif boyanan hücrelerin yüzdesi bcl-2 (p=0.023), AI (p=0.006), ve PI (p

Çokal, Yavuz (Balikesir Author), This study aimed to determine the presence of Campylobacter coli in water lines of commercial broiler houses. The samples were taken in the period of three sequential flocks in two houses. There was a distance of approximately 25 km between the houses and drinking water was supplied by groundwater in one house while the municipal water system with polyvinyl chloride plastic pipe was the source of drinking water in the other. C. coli was isolated and identified in drinking water and nipple swab samples, and fresh fecal dropping samples in both houses. The results of this study suggest that C. coil could be found in water-line of commercial broiler houses and drinking water might be a source for flock's colonization by C. coli., Bu çalışmada, ticari etlik piliç kümeslerin su hatlarında Campylobacter coli varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Birbirinden yaklaşık 25 km. uzaklıkta bulunan, artezyen ve köy şebeke suyu olmak üzere farklı içme suyu kaynağına sahip iki kümesten, üç ardışık sürü döneminde örnekler toplandı. Her iki kümeste de içme suyu, nipel svap ve taze dışkı örneklerinden C. coli izolasyonu yapıldı. Bu sonuçlar, C. coli’nin etlik piliç kümeslerinin su hatlarında var olduğunu ve içme suyunun sürülerin C. coli ile kolonizasyonunda bir kaynak olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Bu çalışmada, ticari etlik piliç kümeslerin su hatlarında Campylobacter coli varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Birbirinden yaklaşık 25 km. uzaklıkta bulunan, artezyen ve köy şebeke suyu olmak üzere farklı içme suyu kaynağına sahip iki kümesten, üç ardışık sürü döneminde örnekler toplandı. Her iki kümeste de içme suyu, nipel svap ve taze dışkı örneklerinden C. coli izolasyonu yapıldı. Bu sonuçlar, C. coli’nin etlik piliç kümeslerinin su hatlarında var olduğunu ve içme suyunun sürülerin C. coli ile kolonizasyonunda bir kaynak olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) comprises a multigene family of microsomal enzymes that metabolize a wide variety of xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. Although the a number of CYP enzymes were also detected in epithelial cells along the gastrointestinal tract, little is known about the expression of CYP genes in gastric tissue.In this study, the expression patterns of CYP isoforms was investigated in a total of 14 antral biopsy tissues obtained from the patients with either chronic gastritis (n = 6) or cancer (n = 8) by gene-specific real-time reverse transcriptase -PCR analyses. We employed primer sets specific for CYPs -1A1, -1A2, -2A6, -2B6, -2C, -2D6, -2E1, and -3A5.Among the isoforms CYP1A1, CYP2C and CYP2D6 gave rise to detectable mRNAs in all 14 gastric tissues while the mRNAs for the other CYPs were detected in some of the tissues. The expression patterns were compared to clinical parameters. There were no significant differences in the parameters between the two groups; however the mRNA expression of CYP2A6 was significantly higher in women than man (p0.05).Our data suggests that the CYP isoforms were independently expressed with respect to the pathological status in human gastric tissue.

Neonatal thrombosis is a serious event that can cause mortality or severemorbidity. Although catheters are the most common cause of neonatalthrombosis, spontaneous events can also occur. Arterial thrombosis isvery rare and accounts for approximately half of all thrombotic events inneonates. Genetic prothrombotic risk factors may affect the occurence ofneonatal thrombosis. In this report, a case of left brachial, radial, and ulnararterial thrombosis associated with methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase(MTHFR) gene C677T and A1298C polymorphism heterozygosity is presented.Plasma homocysteine level and other prothrombotic componentswere normal. Standard heparin, aspirin, vitamin B12, B6 and folic acidwere initiated for treatment. However, the left arm of the patient wasamputated at the shoulder because its capillary stream could not be observed.We suggest that MTHFR gene C677T and A1298C polymorphismheterozygosity might be investigated in neonates with congenital arterialthrombosis in spite of normal serum homocysteine levels., Yenidoğanda tromboz mortaliteye ve/veya ağır morbiditeye neden olabilenciddi bir durumdur. Yenidoğan trombozunun en sık nedeni kateterlerolmakla birlikte, spontan gelişen olgular da görülebilmektedir. Arteriyeltromboz çok nadir görülür ve yenidoğandaki trombotik olayların yaklaşıkyarısını oluşturmaktadır. Genetik protrombotik risk faktörleri yenidoğandatromboz oluşumunu etkilemektedir. Bu yazıda, metilen tetrahidrofolat redüktaz(MTHFR) geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmi heterozigotluğu ileilişkilendirilen sol brakiyal, radiyal ve ulnar arter trombozu saptanan bir yenidoğanolgusu sunuldu. Plazma homosistein düzeyi ve diğer protombotikkomponentleri normaldi. Standart heparin, aspirin, vitamin B12, B6 ve folikasit tedavileri başlanan olguda sol kol, kapiller dolaşımı alınamadığı içinomuzdan ampute edildi. Plazma homosistein düzeyleri normal saptansada konjenital arteriyel trombozlu yenidoğanlarda MTHFR geni C677T veA1298C polimorfizmi araştırılmalıdır.

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The generation of urothelial carcinoma is caused by the accumulation of various molecular changes, as in most malignancies. There are conflicting data about the status of HER-2/neu oncogene in urothelial carcinomas. The aim of this study was to determine the status of HER-2/neu oncogene in high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder both in protein and DNA level. We evaluated HER-2/neu protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR in paraffin-embedded samples of high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma obtained from 36 patients. Polysomy 17 was also assessed by FISH. Immunohistochemically, HER-2/neu protein overexpression was observed in 22 (61.1%) tumors (ten tumors with score 3+ and 12 with score 2+). Fourteen of 36 tumors (38.9%) were evaluated as negative (score 0 or 1+). Complete concordance between FISH and the PCR was seen in all of the samples scored as 0 and 1+ by IHC. HER-2/neu gene amplification was observed in three of 27 (11.1%) tumors by FISH (nine samples were non-informative) and in eight of 36 (22.2%) tumors by the PCR. The complete concordance between HER2-2/neu protein overexpression and gene amplification was seen only in three of 27 tumors. Polysomy 17 was seen in nine tumors (33.3%). The results indicated that, in contrast to breast cancer, there was no strong association between HER-2/neu overexpression and gene amplification in invasive urothelial carcinomas, and polysomy 17 was higher in tumors showing HER-2/neu overexpression. © 2008 Arányi Lajos Foundation.

Çokal, Yavuz (Balikesir Author), A total of 190 Campylobacter spp. isolates, of which 34 gave the result of very weak activity, and 156 gave the negative activity in the test for hippurate hydrolysis were characterized. The genomic DNA was isolated from a fresh culture of each isolate and the real-time PCR, targeting the hipO gene, was used to confirm the species distribution of Campylobacter isolates. The hipO gene was detected in 17 isolates (11%) within the total of 156 negative isolates for hippurate hydrolysis. Out of 34 isolates with very weak activity, 19 isolates (56%) were also found to be positive for hipO gene and characterized as C. jejuni. The real-time PCR assay used in this study could be employed for more accurate diagnosis of Campylobacter infections at species level after the biochemical characterization based on hippuricase activity of the isolates. This could also provide important data for the epidemiology of infections associated with these zoonotic pathogens., The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, TUBITAK 104T242

PubMed ID: 19040121, Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is a heme-containing enzyme superfamily metabolizing a wide variety of xenobiotics, including drugs and carcinogens. The majority of CYP genes are expressed in the liver, however, some CYP isoforms are also reported for a number of extra hepatic tissues. We analyzed Cytochrome P450-2A6, -3A5 and -4B1 mRNAs using real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in a total of 21 homogenized prostate tissues with or without malignancy. We detected a consistent expression of CYP2A6 and CYP3A5 in all, and of CYP4B1 in some (11/21) of the samples at mRNA level. Neither the histopathological status nor the smoking habit of the individuals affected CYP4B1 expression. Our results reflect possible roles for these particular CYPs in therapy and protection of prostate tissue. © 2008 Verlag der Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.

A large number of studies have shown that the prevalence of somatic chromosome abnormalities detectable with karyotyping is higher in infertile men. However, a normal somatic karyotype does not exclude the chance of having low level mosaicism.Eleven men with severe oligozoospermia and 10 healthy, fertile men were included in this study. All the patients had severe oligozoospermia with sperm countsor =3,000,000/ mL. All participants had normal physical findings and testicular volume. The probe for dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization consisted of an alpha satellite sequence in the centromeric region of chromosome X (DXZ1) and satellite III DNA at the Yq12 region of chromosome Y (DYZ1).The sex chromosome aneuploidy rate was significantly higher in subjects than in controls (p0.001). The median incidence of sex chromosome aneuploidy in the oligozoospermic group was 4.5% (range, 0.8-7.3%), while in the control group it was 0.7% (range, 0.2-1.2%).,The incidence of aneuploidy in somatic cells is significantly greater in oligozoospermic men than in normal controls. That may suggest that chromosome instability is a result of altered genetic control during mitotic cell division. Our results demonstrate that men with oligozoospermia have an elevated risk for sex chromosome abnormalities in their somatic cells.

This report describes a rapid detection procedure for salmonellae from chicken feces by the combination of tetrathionate primary enrichment (preenrichment [PE])-bacterial lysis-capillary PCR and capillary gel electrophoresis. Pure Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis 64K was reisolated and detected by capillary PCR after buffered peptone water and nutrient broth, tetrathionate broth base Hajna (TTBH), and tetrathionate broth (TTB) preenrichments. When the same culture was mixed with intestinal homogenate, bacteriological reisolation and capillary PCR detection was achieved only by TTBH and TTB preenrichments. Capillary gel electrophoresis revealed that a Salmonella genus-specific 281-bp PCR product was detected when Salmonella strains but not non- Salmonella strains were tested. The detection limit of capillary PCR with whole-cell DNA extracted from pure Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis 64K, Typhimurium LT2-CIP60-62, and Gallinarum 64K was 3, 3, and 9 CFU ml −1 , respectively. The detection limit of capillary PCR from whole-cell DNA extracted from intestinal homogenate artificially contaminated with the same three strains was 3, 3, and 7 CFU ml −1 , respectively. We compared the results of the capillary PCR and bacteriological examination from the natural samples. Thirty-five of 53 naturally contaminated samples produced a specific PCR product. In 9 of the 35 PCR-positive samples, Salmonella could not be detected bacteriologically either by PE or a primary and delayed secondary enrichment (DSE) combination. In the 18 PCR-negative samples, 4 samples were found to harbor Salmonella by both PE and DSE and 14 samples were positive after DSE. Fifty-three additional intestinal homogenate samples, which were negative by their PE and DSE in bacteriological examination, were found to be also negative by their PCRs. The total time required to detect Salmonella with the capillary PCR method we used was approximately 20 h. If samples are from clinically diseased birds, the total time for PCR and detection is reduced to 2 h since the 18-h PE is not required. These results indicate that TTB enrichment, bacterial lysis, and genus-specific capillary PCR combined with capillary gel electrophoresis constitute a sensitive and selective procedure which has the potential to rapidly identify Salmonella -infected flocks.

AIM: To characterize and compare genotype profiles of H pylori strains isolated from patients with chronic gastritis and duodenal ulcer in western part of Turkey. METHODS: A total of 46 patients [30 chronic gastritis (CG) and 16 duodenal ulcer (DU)] who had undergone endoscopy because of dyspeptic complaints were studied. The antral biopsy specimens were evaluated for the presence of H pylori by rapid urease test and culture, and the genotype profiles were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The cagA gene was observed in 43 (93.5%) isolates. The vacA s1m2 genotype was the predominant subtype, found in 63.3% and 68.7% of isolates in patients with CG and DU, respectively. Twenty (66.6%) isolates from patients with CG were iceA2 positive while the iceA1 was predominant in those with DU (68.8%). In terms of the association of the iceA alleles to other genes, both alleles were significantly associated with the cagA vacA s1m2 genotype. CONCLUSION: The prevalent circulating genotypes in CG and DU were cagA vacA s1m2 iceA2 and cagA vacA s1m2 iceA1 genotype, respectively. It was found that cagA vacA s1m2 genotype seems to be common virulence factors in both CG and DU while iceA alleles show specificity for gastroduodenal pathologies in this study.

Diffüz Büyük B-Hücreli Lenfoma (DBBHL), yetişkin bireylerde Hodgkin dışı lenfomaların en yaygın tipi olmakla birlikte klinik, immunofenotipik ve genetik özellikler açısından heterojen bir yapı göstermektedir. DBBHL'nın patogenezinde, hücre döngüsü ve apoptotik yollarda düzensizliğe neden olan farklı mekanizmalar rol oynamaktadır. 'Growth Arrest DNA Damage-Inducible 45(GADD45)' gen ailesi bu mekanizmalarda yer alan önemli bir gen ailesidir. Bu çalışmanın amaçları DBBHL doku örnekleri ve reaktif lenfoid doku örneklerinde i) GADD45gama'nın metilasyon sıklığını belirlemek, ii) metilasyon durumu ile protein ekspresyon düzeyi arasındaki korelasyonu değerlendirmek, ve iii) GADD45gama'nın metilasyon ve ekspresyon durumlarının apoptozla olan ilişkisi belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada, 40 DBBHL ve 40 reaktif lenfoid doku (RLD) örnekleri değerlendirildi. GADD45gama metilasyon durumu HRM analiziyle, GADD45gama, Bcl-2 ve Bcl-XL ekspresyonları immunohistokimya ve apoptotik indeks (AI) değerleri TUNEL yöntemi ile belirlendi. DBBHL'de GADD45gama metilasyon sıklığı yüksek (%55) bulundu. Aynı zamanda, ileri evre olgularda GADD45gama metilasyonunun, erken evre olgulara oranla yüksek olduğu belirlendi (P=0.041). GADD45gama aşırı ekspresyonu DBBHL?li ve RLD?li olgularda sırası ile %45 ve %5 olarak belirlendi ve fark anlamlı bulundu (P =0.000). İki olgu grubu arasında Bcl-2 ekpresyonu açısından anlamlı fark belirlenirken (P =000), Bcl-xL protein ekspresyonu açısından anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı (P =0.154). Aynı zamanda, iki grup arasında AI değerleri açısından anlamlı bir farklılık yoktu (P =1.000). Bu çalışmadan elde edilen veriler; i) solid tümörlerin aksine, DBBHL'de GADD45gama metilasyon sıklığının yüksek olduğunu, ii) GADD45gama geninde gözlenen bu epigenetik değişimin DBBHL'nin progresyonunda rol oynayabileceğini ve iii) DBBHL'de GADD45gama'nın, tek başına hücreleri apoptoza yönlendirmediğini göstermektedir. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma among adults and is characterized by heterogeneous clinical, immunophenotypic and genetic features. Different mechanisms deregulating cell cycle and apoptosis play a role in the pathogenesis of DLBCL. 'Growth Arrest DNA Damage-Inducible 45(GADD45)' is an important gene family involved in these mechanisms. The aims of this study are; i) to determine the frequency of GADD45gamma promoter methylation, ii) to evaluate the correlation between GADD45gamma methylation and protein expression and, iii) to investigate the relation between apoptosis and GADD45gamma methylation and protein expression in DLBCL tissues and reactive lymphoid node tissues (RLT). Forty tissue samples from patients with DLBCL and 40 RLT from patient with reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were investigated in this study. It was used HRM analysis for determination of GADD45gamma methylation status, immunohistochemistry for protein expression of GADD45gamma, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, and TUNEL method for apoptotic index (AI). It was found that the frequency of GADD45gamma methylation was high (55%) in DLBCL. The methylation frequency for GADD45gamma was also significantly higher in advanced-stage compared with early-stage (P=0.041). Overexpression of GADD45gamma was found 45% and 5% in DLBCL and RLT groups, respectively and the significant association was observed (P=0.000). There was a significant association of Bcl-2 expression between both groups (P=0.000) while no significant difference was observed in expression of Bcl-xL (P=0.154). In addition, there was no significant association of AI between both groups. The results of this study show that i) in contrast to solid tumors, the frequency of GADD45gamma methylation is higher in DLBCL, ii) this epigenetic alteration of GADD45gamma may associate with DLBCL progression, and iii) GADD45gamma is not the only key factor for the cells to direct into the apoptotic process.

Kanser gelişimi çok aşamalı bir olaydır ve bugüne kadar elde edilen verilerle, akciğer karsinogenez sürecinde başlıca tümör baskılayıcı genler, onkogenler ve `'Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1'' (ERCC1)'in de içinde yer aldığı DNA tamir mekanizmasından sorumlu genler olmak üzere farklı türdeki genlerin etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada küçük hücreli olmayan akciğer kanseri (NSCLC)'nde ERCC1 mRNA stabilitesini etkiledikleri bilinen T19007C (rs11615) ve C8092A (rs3212986) tek nükleotid polimorfizmlerinin (SNP) belirlenmesi ve bu polimorfizmlerin yaş, cinsiyet, sigara içimi, TNM evre ve histolojik tip olmak üzere klinikopatolojik parametrelerle olası korelasyonlarının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Bu çalışmada, histopatolojik olarak incelenen ve NSCLC tanısı alan 80 olguya ait formalinle fikse edilmiş, parafine gömülmüş arşiv doku örnekleri kullanılmış ve T19007C ve C8092A SNP'leri gerçek-zamanlı PCR ile analiz edilmiştir. ERCC1 geni T19007C SNP ile ilişkili TT, TC ve CC genotiplerinin dağılımı sırasıyla %40, %44, %16 olarak belirlenirken, C8092A SNP ile ilişkili CC, CA, AA genotiplerinin dağılımı sırasıyla %38, %51, %11 olarak belirlenmiştir. C8092A SNP'nin klinikopatolojik parametrelerle ilişkili olmadığı, ancak T19007C SNP'inin TNM evre ile anlamlı olarak ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur (p=0.046). Bu bulgular, T19007C SNP'ne özgü genotip dağılımının Avrupa populasyonunda gözlenen dağılımla büyük bir benzerlik gösterdiğini ve aynı zamanda bu polimorfizmin NSCLC'nde progresyonla ilişkili olduğunu desteklemektedir. The development of cancer is a multistep process and it has been reported that the different types of genes such as tumor supressor genes, oncogenes and DNA repair genes including ?Excision Repair Cross-Complementing Group 1?? (ERCC1) are involved in human lung carcinogenesis. In this study, the determination of T19007C (rs11615) and C8092A (rs3212986) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) thought to affect mRNA stability of ERCC1 and the determination of any correlation between the profiles and clinopathological parameters including age, sex, the history of smoking, TNM stage and histological subtypes were aimed.In this study, the archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 80 cases which were histopathologically diagnosed as non-small cell lung cancer were used and T19007C and C8092A SNPs were analyzed using real-time PCR. Regarding T19007A SNP, the distribution of TT, TC, and CC genotypes was 40%, 44% and 16%, respectively. As for C8092A SNP, the distribution of CC, CA, and AA genotypes was 38%, 51% and 11%, respectively. No relationship was observed between C8092A SNP and clinicopathological parameters, but T19007A SNP was significantly associated with TNM stage (p=0.046). This study indicated that T19007A SNP genotypes in this study was similar to those in Europe. It was also supported that the SNP may associated with tumor progression in NSCLC. 82