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Work presented at the conference RedoxFlow2020, that was organized online, 9th-10th of November 2020, by Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France).

We develop Morse-Bott theory on posets, generalizing both discrete Morse-Bott theory for regular complexes and Morse theory on posets. Moreover, we prove a Lusternik-Schnirelmann theorem for general matchings on posets, in particular, for Morse-Bott functions., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.06933

World Weather Research Programme (WWRP 2021–1)

The legal aspects surrounding psychotic patients, in Spanish legislation, are multiple and in many cases unknown to the healthcare staff surrounding this patients. It is vital to know most important facts, given the crucial role they can play when treating our patients.

FAME es un sistema de información geográfica, integrado en la Red de Información Ambiental de Andalucía (REDIAM), de apoyo a la localización y seguimiento de la Flora Amenazada y de Interés de Andalucía, el cual centraliza la información que generan los distintos proyectos de la temática en el repositorio único de la Consejería de Medio Ambiente (CMA). Utilizando nuevas tecnologías se ha creado una herramienta Web que gestiona el recorrido completo de la información de Flora Amenazada, desde el levantamiento de la información, con el apoyo de una aplicación PDA, y la incorporación y edición de datos temáticos y gráficos, por medio de un visor cartográfico, hasta el proceso de validación temático para evitar errores en la incorporación de la información. En este proyecto se utiliza una arquitectura basada en la tecnología del software libre, destacando el visor geográfico desarrollado sobre OpenLayers, la aplicación para PDA desarrollada sobre el núcleo de Enebro y el uso de estándares OGC, tanto para la utilización de cartografía base mediante WMS, como para el acceso y la edición vía web a través de WFS-T. Este proyecto es una apuesta de la CMA por el uso del software libre como elemento principal en desarrollos complejos FAME is a geographic information system, integrated in the Andalusian Environmental Information Net (REDIAM), to support the location and tracking of Threatened and Interesting Flora of Andalusia, which centralizes the information generated in the different projects related with the thematic in the Unique Data Reservoir of Andalusian Environmental Council (CMA). A Web tool has been created using new technology which manages the complete Threatened Flora information layout, from the information gathering,, with the support of a PDA application, the incorporation and thematic data and graphic edition, using a cartographic viewer, to the thematic validation process to avoid mistakes in the information incorporation. This project uses an architecture based on free software technology, in Tecnologías de la Información Geográfica: la Información Geográfica al Servicio de los Ciudadanos. Secretariado de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla 2010 223 which we can highlight a geographic viewer developed on OpenLayers, a PDA application developed on the Enebro core and the use of OGC standards, both for the use of base cartography through WMS, and for including access and edition via web through WFS-T. This project is a clear example of the new lines followed by the CMA on a commitment to use free software as key component for complex developments. Key words: Threatened flora, Web implementation, OGC, Free software

It has been suggested that neuroendocrine (NE) cells provide paracrine stimuli for the propagation of local carcinoma cells and that NE differentiation is associated with the progression of prostate cancer toward an androgen-independent state. Apoptosis comprises a critical intracellular defense mechanism against tumorigenic growth and is associated with a number of changes in the elemental content of the cell. The neuropeptides bombesin and calcitonin, which inhibit etoposide-induced apoptosis, also inhibit the etoposide-induced elemental changes in prostate carcinoma cells. This important fact strengthens the link between apoptosis and changes in the intracellular elemental content. This protective effect on etoposideinduced apoptosis appears to be quite similar in androgen-dependent and androgen-independent cell lines. This confirms that neuropeptides confer antiapoptotic capabilities on non-neuroendocrine cells in close proximity to neuroendocrine cells. It can therefore be speculated that certain neuroendocrine peptides can increase the survival and further growth of neighboring cells and may thereby contribute to the aggressive clinical course of prostate tumors containing neuroendocrine elements. In addition, this correlation provides an objective basis for the study of neuropeptide target points and may be helpful for alternative therapeutic protocols using neuropeptide inhibitors in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. The culture techniques described were, thus, designed in order to achieve two important goals. First, the development of an in vitro model that allows an approach to neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer and its role in apoptosis blockage. Second, the method has been designed in order to permit rapid cryofixation of intact cell monolayers for subsequent xray microanalysis., This work was partially supported by an Instituto de Salud Carlos III Grant (FIS 01/0727).

Resumen Introducción: En los últimos años se han desarrollado sistemas de apoyo ventilatorio en domicilio (SAVED), que han logrado tratar pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica en su hogar. Objetivo: revisar nuestra experiencia en los pacientes con SAVED. Pacientes y Método: Se revisaron las fichas de los 15 pacientes (9 mujeres) con SAVED dados de alta del Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, entre enero de 1993 y diciembre 2000. Se describen las características del grupo y su seguimiento. Resultados: Sus edades al alta fluctuaron entre 5 meses y 15 años; 6 tenían enfermedad neuromuscular, 4 daño pulmonar crónico, 1 deformidad torácica y 4 traqueobroncomalacia grave. Doce requirieron traqueostomía, de estos, 4 utilizaron ventilación mecánica (PLV-102, LifeCare) y 8 CPAP con generador de flujo (Downs) y válvula de PEEP, y 3 ventilación nasal a través de BiPAP. El alta fue entre 2 y 4 meses desde el ingreso y la implementación del SAVED entre 1 y 4 meses, de acuerdo a la realidad familiar y previsional. El período de seguimiento fue de 3 meses a 8 años. La tasa de reingreso fue 2,5 y 0,4 ingresos/paciente/año por morbilidad y por falla de sistema respectivamente; el tiempo promedio de estadía en el hospital fue de 16,5 ± 9 días/año. Se logró la retirada del SAVED en 5 pacientes y 1 niño falleció debido a su enfermedad neurológica. En resumen, nuestra experiencia demuestra que los SAVED son una alternativa real en el manejo de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria crónica grave. Esta terapia presenta escasas complicaciones, permite enviar al paciente a su casa y disminuye en forma significativa los costos del tratamiento Recently home assisted ventilation care (HAV) in children with chronic respiratory insufficiency has been developed. Objective: To report our experience about children discharged with HAV and their follow-up. Patients and methods: We reviewed the clinical notes of 15 children (9 girls) who were discharged from the Paedriatric Service of the Chilean Catholic University between january 1993 and december 2000. Patients: were aged between 5 months and 15 years, 6 had neuromuscular disease, 4 chronic lung disease, 1 thoracic deformity and 4 had severe tracheobronchomalacia. 12 required tracheostomy, mechanical ventilation was used in 4 cases (PLV-102, Lifecare), in 8 CPAP and Downs flow generator with PEEP valve, and in 3 BiPAP. The decision to use HAV was decided 2-4 months after admission, depending on the child’s condition, and was accomplished 1-4 months later, taking into account the family situation and health insurance status. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 8 years. The hospitalization rate was 2.5 and 0.4 admissions/patient/year for morbidity and system failure respectively, with a hospitalization period of 16.5 + 9 days/year. Weaning of the ventilatory system was achieved in 5 patients and 1 died due to a progressive neurological disorder. In summary our experience of home care for the ventilator dependent child supports the use of HAV as a therapeutic alternative. It has few complications and can save significant medical costs

Objetivo: Nos propusimos describir las características demográficas y los hábitos de consumo de alcohol de un grupo de pacientes ambulatorios. Intentamos discernir la influencia de la edad, sexo, habitat y nivel socioeconómico sobre el hábito enólico. Diseño experimental: Nuestro estudio es retrospectivo, de base institucional. Pacientes: 164 pacientes ambulatorios, en seguimiento en nuestras consultas externas de la unidad de Hepatología por enfemedad hepática alcohólica. Resultados: La edad media de inicio fue 18,6 (7,36) años; los años de enolismo medio fueron de 35,4 (13,5) años y el consumo medio de alcohol de 161,2 (116,7) gramos de alcohol/día. Solo en 16 hombres (8%) se observó un consumo menor de 60 gramos de alcohol al día, y 5 mujeres (35,7%) consumían menos de 40 gramos de alcohol al día. El consumo de alcohol a lo largo de la vida estuvo correlacionado con el índice de Maddrey al final del estudio (r=+0,407). De igual forma el consumo diario de gramos de alcohol estuvo correlacionado con el aspecto ecográfico del hígado(r=+0,283), apreciándose también correlación de dicha técnica de imagen (r=+0,301) con el Tiempo de Protrombina al inicio del estudio. El porcentaje de pacientes que presentaron al menos un episodio de descompensación de su cirrosis fue del 39%. Conclusiones: La edad de inicio ronda la mayoría de edad . El consumo de alcohol a lo largo de la vida, estuvo correlacionado con el tiempo de protrombina en la última visita y el aspecto ecográfico del hígado. Aims: We tried to show the demographic characteristic and alcohol intake habits among our outpatients. We study the influence of age, sex, habitat and socioeconomical status on alcoholic habit. Design: Retrospective and institution based study. Patients. 164 patients who were followed up for alcohol liver disease in our outpatient section. Results: Average age to start drinking alcohol was 18.6 (7.36) years, years of alcoholism were 35.4 (13.5) years, average daily alcohol intake was 161.2 (116.7) grams of pure alcohol. Only 16 men (8%) drank less than 60 grams a day. 5 ( 35.7% ) women drank less than 40 grams a day. Life-cumulative alcohol intake was correlated with Maddrey's score at the end of the study (r=+0.407). Average daily alcohol intake was correlated with ultrasonographic features of the liver (r=+0.283), we apreciated that Prothrombin Time was also correlated with ultrasonographic features of the liver (r=+0.301). The percentage of patients who suffer , at least one decompensation of their disease was 39%. Conclusions: Average age to start drinking is about legal age. Life-cumulative alcohol intake was related to Prothrombin Time and ultrasonographic features of the liver.

Background: Neuroendocrine differentiation in prostatic carcinoma has been related to regulation of proliferation and metastatic potential and correlated with prognosis. More than 80% of prostate carcinomas initially respond to androgen ablation, but most relapse, due to the heterogeneous presence of androgendependent and independent clones. The pathways of cellular proliferation and apoptosis are inexorabily linked to minimize the ocurrence of neoplasia, and disfunction of apoptosis is proposed as a pathogenic process in malignant tumors. Androgen-dependent prostatic cancer cells undergo apoptosis after androgen deprivation, but not androgen-independent ones due to a defect in the initiation step. Anyway, they retain the basic cellular machinery to undergo apoptosis. We suggest a possible role of neuroendocrine differentiation in the onset and regulation of apoptosis in prostatic neoplasia. Methods: LNCaP, PC-3 and DU 145 prostatic cancer cell lines were induced to undergo apoptosis after treatment with etoposide alone or plus androgen ablation. We tested the role of neuropeptides bombesin and calcitonin at modulating etoposide induced apoptosis. Results: Etoposide-induced apoptosis in all cancer cell lines was achieved. In LNCaP androgen ablation was also required. Apoptosis is prevented in all three lines when bombesin was added. Calcitonin addition prevents apoptosis in PC-3, LNCaP and in an etoposide dose-dependent way in DU 145. Conclusion: Neuropeptides bombesin and calcitonin can modulate the apoptotic response of prostate cancer cells by inducing resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis, suggesting that neuropeptides can be used as a target of therapeutical approach in prostatic carcinoma.

Metastatic prostatic cancer is typically refractory to androgen ablation therapy due to the presence of androgen-independent clones in the neoplasia. A therapeutical approach which could effectively control androgen-dependent and independent cells is, thus, needed. Maybe the failure of certain cancer cells to engage in apoptosis could explain the inherent drug resistance of many tumors. Anyway, these cells can retain the ability to undergo apoptosis in response to an adequate stimulus. We tested whether etoposide, a topoisomerase I1 inhibitor, could induce apoptosis in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) as well as independent (PC-3 and DU 145) human prostate cancer cell lines. Morphological examination was performed, as it is regarded as one of the most reliable parameters for the detection of apoptotic changes. Complementarily, biochemical and flow cytometric studies were also used. Characteristical changes of apoptosis were demonstrated in PC-3, Du 145, and LNCaP cancer cells after treatment with etoposide. These cells, thus, retain the ability to undergo apoptosis under adequate conditions, in a promising approach to hormone refractory prostate cancer therapy.

Resumen Objefivo. evaluar las venrajas del sistemc de dialisis peritonea 1 agudo autematizada en compcracion con elprocedimiento manual en nihos con sindro-ne hemolrico jremico. Metodo'. entre 30 pacienles [Edad, x = 20,4 meses]ctendidos por sincrcme herroirico uremicc en un periodo de 75 meses je^ero 199C a narzo de "997) en un hospitaluniversitario de Santiago, Chile, 15 requirieron dialisis peritoneal y en 1' se empeo el metodo aLtomatizadc yen losctrcs 4 el rnanua . Resuhcdos: los pacientes sometidos c procedimiento manucl recistraron 71,3 orencio^es diarias deenferneria en promedio solo para el rranec de Ic diaiisis, en comparacion con 5,6 atenciones para Ics trctados conel procedimiento au:omatico de cicladc, e" el que no se registraron complicac'ones Conciusiories: la mitad de los pa-cientes con sindrome hemolitico uremico requno d.alisis per.toneal aguda. La cutornatizacion del procedimientoreduce los costes hcspitalanos al abreviar a permanencia de los pocientes en iridades de cuidados especiales,mejorar su contacto con sus famil'ares, disminuif el numero de atenc'ones de e"ferrreria, las -ecesidades de enferme-ras y el riesgc de infecciones asociadas al procediTiiento.Palabras clave

The nucleolar organizer regions are used as a new marker in proliferation cell. AgNOR are loops of DNA actively transcribing to ribosomal RNA and they are associated with nonhistone proteins with strong argyrophile. In the present study we correlated the relationships between number and size of AgNOR measured by an automatic image analysis using CAS- 100, in eleven breast carcinomas in different clinical stages and histological grades. We could identify the AgNOR with silver stain; the relationship between the numberlsize and histological gradelclinical stage shows that in normal breast we find one or two AgNOR but this number is larger when the carcinomas are less differentiated. When studied, the size is larger in the normal breast. We can make the same conclusions with the carcinomas which are lymph-node +.

A study was done in 322 healthy, well nourished infants, 3 to 18 months old from day care centers of metropolitan Santiago, Chile, that were given BCG immunization in their neonatal period: 304 (94.4%) of them showed BCG scars and were included in a double blind open study, to determine the cutaneous responses to 2 TU and 10 TU tuberculin (PPD). There were no differences in the mean size of cutaneous reactions nor in percent positive responses (greater than or equal to 10 mm), but cutaneous reactions greater than or equal to 15 mm were more frequent in infants tested with PPD 10 TU. In 184 out of 304 infants (60.5%) tuberculin reactions were negative (less than or equal to 10 mm). Eighteen out of 322 infants (5.6%) that didn't show BCG scars were injected with PPD 2 TU: tuberculin reactions sized 6 to 9 mm were recorded in 3/18 of these infants but none of them attained 10 mm. Fifty five infants whose tuberculin reactions were 5 mm or less were retested: a booster effect was likely from the appearance of enhanced dermal response after a second tuberculin test done with the same or higher tuberculin strength than the first one in 12/47 of these infants with BCG scar (25%) and in only 1/8 such subjects without BCG scar.