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1. The Incidence of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Pigs

Author

Jackova A., Mandelik R., Novotny J., Salamunova S., and Vilcek S.

Subjects
domestic pig, hepatitis e virus (hev), rectal swab, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E — an emerging zoonotic disease distributed worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HEV in Slovakian domestic pigs, as this has not been studied yet. Clinical samples (n = 269) from fourteen randomly selected domestic pig farms for three different age categories of pigs were analysed and the subsequently detected isolates were genetically characterized. The reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis revealed that 32 pigs (11.9 %) of all age categories were HEV RNA positive. The highest occurrence was detected in fattening pigs (14.8 %) and the lowest in weaning pigs (12.5 %). The HEV RNA was not observed at all in the youngest category (the suckling piglets). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that all Slovak HEV isolates clustered into two genetic groups of the genotype HEV-3.

Published
2017
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4. Overview of cattle diseases listed under category C, D or E in the animal health law for wich control programmes are in place within Europe

Author

Balseiro Morales, Ana María [0000-0002-5121-7264], Hodnik, J. J., Acinger-Rogic, Z., Alishahi, M., Autio, T., Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, J., Carmo, L. P., Chaligiannis, I., Conrady, B., Cost, L., Cvetkovikj, I., Davidov, I., Dispas, M., Djadjovsk, I., Leclerc Duarte, E., Faverjon, C., Fourichon, C., Frössling, J., Gerilovych, A., Gethmann, J., Gomes, J., Graham, D., Guelbenzu, M., Gunn, G. J., Henry, M. K., Hopp, P., Houe, H., Irimia, E., Jezek, J., Juste, Ramón A., Kalaitzakis, E., Kaler, J., Kaplan, S., Kostoulas, P., Kovalenko, K., Knežević, M., Knific, T., Koleci, X., Madouasse, A., Malakauskas, A., Mandelik, R., Meletis, E., Mincu, M., Môtus, K., Muñoz-Gómez, V., Niculae, M., Nikitovic', J., Ocepek, M., Tangen-Opsal, M., Ózsvári, L., Papadopoulos, D., Papadopoulos, T., Pelkonen, S., Pawel Polak, M., Pozzato, N., Rapaliuté, E., Ribbens, E., Niza-Ribeiro, J., Roch, F. F., Rosenbaum Nielsen, L., Saez, J. L., Saxmose Nielsen, S., Van Schaik, G., Schwan, E., Sekovska, B., Staric, J., Strain, S., Satan, P, Sêric-Haracic, S., Tamminen, L. M., Thulke, H. H., Toplak, I., Tunnainen, E., Verner, S., Vilcek, S., Yildiz, Y., Santman-Berends, Inge M. G. A., Balseiro Morales, Ana María [0000-0002-5121-7264], Hodnik, J. J., Acinger-Rogic, Z., Alishahi, M., Autio, T., Balseiro, Ana, Berezowski, J., Carmo, L. P., Chaligiannis, I., Conrady, B., Cost, L., Cvetkovikj, I., Davidov, I., Dispas, M., Djadjovsk, I., Leclerc Duarte, E., Faverjon, C., Fourichon, C., Frössling, J., Gerilovych, A., Gethmann, J., Gomes, J., Graham, D., Guelbenzu, M., Gunn, G. J., Henry, M. K., Hopp, P., Houe, H., Irimia, E., Jezek, J., Juste, Ramón A., Kalaitzakis, E., Kaler, J., Kaplan, S., Kostoulas, P., Kovalenko, K., Knežević, M., Knific, T., Koleci, X., Madouasse, A., Malakauskas, A., Mandelik, R., Meletis, E., Mincu, M., Môtus, K., Muñoz-Gómez, V., Niculae, M., Nikitovic', J., Ocepek, M., Tangen-Opsal, M., Ózsvári, L., Papadopoulos, D., Papadopoulos, T., Pelkonen, S., Pawel Polak, M., Pozzato, N., Rapaliuté, E., Ribbens, E., Niza-Ribeiro, J., Roch, F. F., Rosenbaum Nielsen, L., Saez, J. L., Saxmose Nielsen, S., Van Schaik, G., Schwan, E., Sekovska, B., Staric, J., Strain, S., Satan, P, Sêric-Haracic, S., Tamminen, L. M., Thulke, H. H., Toplak, I., Tunnainen, E., Verner, S., Vilcek, S., Yildiz, Y., and Santman-Berends, Inge M. G. A.

Abstract

The COST action “Standardising output-based surveillance to control non-regulated diseases of cattle in the European Union (SOUND control),” aims to harmonise the results of surveillance and control programmes (CPs) for non-EU regulated cattle diseases to facilitate safe trade and improve overall control of cattle infectious diseases. In this paper we aimed to provide an overview on the diversity of control for these diseases in Europe. A non-EU regulated cattle disease was defined as an infectious disease of cattle with no or limited control at EU level, which is not included in the European Union Animal health law Categories A or B under Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/2002. A CP was defined as surveillance and/or intervention strategies designed to lower the incidence, prevalence, mortality or prove freedom from a specific disease in a region or country. Passive surveillance, and active surveillance of breeding bulls under Council Directive 88/407/EEC were not considered as CPs. A questionnaire was designed to obtain country-specific information about CPs for each disease. Animal health experts from 33 European countries completed the questionnaire. Overall, there are 23 diseases for which a CP exists in one or more of the countries studied. The diseases for which CPs exist in the highest number of countries are enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhoea and anthrax (CPs reported by between 16 and 31 countries). Every participating country has on average, 6 CPs (min–max: 1–13) in place. Most programmes are implemented at a national level (86%) and are applied to both dairy and non-dairy cattle (75%). Approximately one-third of the CPs are voluntary, and the funding structure is divided between government and private resources. Countries that have eradicated diseases like enzootic bovine leukosis, bluetongue, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhoea have implemented CPs for other

Published
2021

32. Genetic variability of classical swine fever virus

Author

Vilcek S., Stadejek T., Ballagi-Pordany A., Lowings, J.P., Paton, D.J. and Belak, S. and Vilcek S., Stadejek T., Ballagi-Pordany A., Lowings, J.P., Paton, D.J. and Belak, S.

Published
1996

41. Mucosal disease-like lesions in sheep infected with Border disease virus.

Author

Monies, R.J., Paton, D.J., and Vilcek, S.

Subjects
BORDER disease, VIRUS diseases in sheep, VETERINARY virology, DIARRHEA, EWES, VETERINARY medicine
Abstract

An enteric disease characterised by diarrhoea and illthrift affected 12 of a flock of 700 six- to 12-month-old ewe lambs in Cornwall between December 1996 and September 1997. The affected lambs were undersized, became thin and suffered an unremitting diarrhoea until they died. The illness lasted for three to 14 days, although, with hindsight the owner considered that the lambs had been below average size before the enteric signs developed. The outbreak ceased only as a result of the dispersal sale of the flock as breeding ewes. The flock had been purchased from different sources, but 11 of the cases occurred in a group of 40 purchased from one source. Postmortem, the alimentary changes resembled mucosal disease in cattle, and immunostaining of histological sections of the affected tissues revealed pestiviral antigen. Non-cytopathic pestiviruses were isolated from the lesions of two of the affected lambs and from the blood of several clinically normal ewe lambs from the same group. All the pestivirus isolates were typed as Border disease virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

42. Is Porcine Kobuvirus 1 a Typical Diarrhoeic Pathogen of Piglets?

Author

McFall H. and Vilček Š.

Subjects
diarrhoea, piglet, porcine kobuvirus, rotavirus, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

The objective of this study was to show if porcine kobuvirus 1 (PKV-1) participates in the development of diarrhoea in piglets. The experiments were focused on comparing the occurrence of PKV-1 with the occurrence of rotavirus A (RVA) infection in suckling pigs on Slovak pig farms. A total of 91 rectal swabs of piglets (age < 28 days) were collected from 8 pig farms. RT-PCR was employed to detect PKV-1 through amplification of the 495 bp fragment of the 3D gene using primers KoVF/ KoVR, and RVA was detected through amplification of the 309 bp fragment of the VP6 gene using primers rot3 and rot5. As expected, the detection of RVA in diarrhoeic piglets was 56.8 % (P < 0.01), while only 14.8 % in healthy animals. These results confirm that RVA is one of the main causes of diarrhoea in young piglets. Comparatively, PKV-1 was detected in approximately equal numbers in the same group of both healthy and diarrhoeic pigs, with 74.1 % in healthy animals and 81.1 % in diarrhoeic animals, which was not statistically significant (P < 0.05). The level of co-infection of both viruses was 11.1 % in healthy animals. A portion of 48.6 % (P < 0.01) of diarrhoeic animals were found with RVA and PKV-1 coinfections. The results of this study indicate that while RVA is an enteric virus, PKV-1 cannot confidently be confirmed as an enteric pathogen.

Published
2017
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44. 99mTc-Labelled Compounds Prepared with Ti(III) as Reducing Agent

Author

Kalincak, M., Machan, V., and Vilcek, S.

Abstract

In preparation of 99mTc-labelled compounds it is possible to use TiCl3 instead, of SnCl2; in most cases, however, this substitution changes the biodistribution parameters. The preparations have then a slower blood clearence, being cumulated in bones in larger amounts; bone diagnostics (HEDSPA and pyrophosphate) are opposite cases. This fact makes itself felt in 99mTc-Ti-gluconate which, in its turn, loses the character of kidney agent cumulating, in a marked way, in bones. From diagnostic point of view, the 99mTc-Ti-labelled compounds possess, in most cases, worse parameters as compared with those prepared by means of tin dichloride. Preparation of technetium-labelled compounds requires inert nitrogen atmosphere. Time stability of these preparations within 24 hours is good a whole.

Published
1982
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49. Genetic typing of pestiviruses from New Zealand

Author

Vilcek, S., Bjorklund, H. V., Horner, G. W., Meers, J., and Belak, S.

Abstract

Aim. To investigate the genetic type of 20 pestiviruses collected from New Zealand over the period 1967-97.Methods. The pestiviruses were genetically typed by the sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The primers selected were from the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the pestivirus genome and consistently amplified a 288bp fragment from all samples tested.Results. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PCR products revealed that all samples obtained from cattle represented bovine viral diarrhoea (BVDV) type I. Two sheep isolates were characterised as border disease virus (BDV). A pestivints isolated from foetal calf serum of USA origin was typed as BVDV type II.Conclusions. The findings show that the evolution of pestiviruses in New Zealand has been similar to Europe and North America, indicating the occurrence of a conservative phylogenetic branch of BVDV type I in cattle and the presence of BDV in the sheep population.

Published
1998
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50. Sublimation Technetium Generator from PbO + MoO3 Eutectic Mixture

Author

Machan, V., Kalincak, M., and Vilcek, S.

Abstract

The paper deals with the development of the technetium sublimation generator based on PbO + MoO3 eutectic mixture to be used directly in centres of nuclear medicine. The generator offers approximately 5500 MBq99mTc on first exploitation day. The 99mTc yield is about 65%. The separation lasts 60 minutes at 680 °C temperature. Technetium is obtained in form of sodium pertechnetate in saline. The generator allows radioactivity of 99Mo of low specific activity to be processed.

Published
1981
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