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Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B streptococcus (GBS), has been traditionally considered an infrequent etiologic agent of disease in adults except for urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Attention has recently been drawn to other adult infections caused by GBS such as skin and soft tissue infections, bacteriemias, pneumonia, meningitis, endocarditis, peritonitis, and bone and joint infections. We present two adult patients with GBS spondylodiscitis and review 30 cases of GBS spinal infection previously reported in the literature. This series clearly illustrates that GBS has recently been recognized as an emerging cause of vertebral infections in adults, particularly in those with chronic underlying diseases, although it can also affect immunocompetent patients without debilitating conditions. Although uncommon, GBS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of infective spondylodiscitis in nonpregnant adults, whatever the patient's immunological status.

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus is a gram-positive coccus present in the normal flora of the mouth and upper respiratory tract of humans. Although traditionally believed to be an organism of low virulence, S. mucilaginosus has recently been recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen, especially in patients with chronic immunosuppressive diseases. This report describes the case of a patient with known mitral valve prolapse, who presented with a mycotic cerebral aneurysm revealing a non-nosocomial spontaneous S. mucilaginosus endocarditis. The spectrum of infections due to this opportunistic pathogen is reviewed, with particular focus on assessing the clinical characteristics and prognosis of S. mucilaginosus infective endocarditis.

The case of a patient with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome who presented a picture of acute cholangitis only attributable to the presence of a large duodenal diverticulum is reported. The pathologic implications of the duodenal diverticula are described with special attention being given to their participation in the development of acute cholangitis. The digestive manifestations associated to the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are also reviewed.