Search

The purpose of this study was to test the measurement invariance (across five languages, two time points, and two experimental conditions) of the empowering and disempowering motivational climate questionnaire-coach (EDMCQ-C; Appleton et al., 2016) when completed by 9256 young sport participants (M age = 11.53 years, SD = 1.39 years; 13.5% female). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling was used to test the validity of a 2-factor (empowering and disempowering) model running a multiple group analysis without any equality constraint (configural invariance) followed by measurement invariance of factor loadings and thresholds (scalar invariance). Findings provided support for partial invariance across languages and scalar invariance across time and experimental groups. The factors were interpretable across the analyses, and items loaded as intended by theory except for item 15. This study provides further evidence regarding the psychometric properties of the EDMCQ-C and suggests this scale (minus item 15) can be used to provide meaningful latent mean comparisons (Marsh et al., 2013) of empowering and disempowering coach-created climates across athletes speaking the five targeted languages, across time, and across experimental groups.

Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, El objetivo de esta tesis fue explorar la motivación en Educación Física y su relación con el estrés académico en adolescentes chinos en base de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación. En el estudio 1 se midió la motivación en Educación Física en adolescentes chinos (n = 1,287) y españoles (n = 1,006) con la Escala de Locus Percibido de Causalidad. Los resultados apoyaron la fiabilidad y la validez de la escala y su equivalencia transcultural con la excepción de tres ítems problemáticos encontrados en la muestra china. Además, los adolescentes chinos obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en la motivación más autodeterminada (i.e., motivación intrínseca y regulación identificada) y puntuaciones más bajas en la motivación menos autodeterminada (i.e., regulación introyectada, regulación externa y amotivación) que los españoles. En el estudio 2 se midió la motivación en Educación Física con la Escala de Locus Percibido de Causalidad y el estrés académico con la Escala de Estrés Educacional para Adolescentes en los adolescentes chinos (n = 556) al principio del semestre y 3 meses después. La motivación menos autodeterminada se relacionó positivamente con los factores del estrés académico con la excepción de la relación negativa entre la amotivación y la preocupación por la nota durante la segunda recogida. Sin embargo, la motivación más autodeterminada se relacionó negativamente con la presión desde estudio, la carga de trabajo, y el desaliento, pero positivamente a la preocupación por la nota. La regulación identificada predijo positivamente la preocupación sobre la nota, asimismo la amotivación predijo positivamente el desaliento. Se encontró también un efecto predictivo negativo del desaliento sobre la regulación identificada. En conclusión, los resultados apoyaron la estructura de la motivación basada en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación en el contexto de Educación Física en China en línea con la universalidad de la estructura de la motivación. Los ítems problemáticos encontr, This thesis aimed to explore motivation toward Physical Education and its relation to academic stress among Chinese adolescents through Self-Determination Theory. In study we measured motivation toward Physical Education Scale among Chinese (n = 1,287) and Spanish (n = 1,006) adolescents through the Perceived Locus of Causality. The results largely supported the reliability and the validity of the scale in both cultures as well as its cross-cultural equivalence except for three problematic items found in the Chinese sample. Moreover, Chinese adolescents scored higher in more self-determined motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) and lower in less self-determined motivation (i.e., introjected regulation, external regulation, and amotivation) than Spanish adolescents. In study 2 we measured motivation toward Physical Education through Perceived Locus of Causality Scale and academic stress through Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents among Chinese adolescents (n = 556) at the beginning of the semester and 3 months later. Less self-determined motivation was found to be positively related to all academic stress factors except for the negative relationship between amotivation and worry about grade during second data collection. However, more self-determined motivation was found to be negatively related to pressure from study, workload, and despondency, but positively related to worry about grades. In addition, identified regulation positively predicted worry about grades while amotivation positively predicted workload and despondency. Meanwhile, despondency negatively predicted identified regulation. Overall, the findings supported the motivation structure based on Self-Determination Theory in Chinese Physical Education context in line with the universality of the motivation structure. The problematic items and mean difference between China and Spain suggested that despite of the universal structure, the measurement model may not be the same

Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Psicologia Bàsica, Evolutiva i de l'Educació, Basándonos en la teoría cognitivo-motivacional-relacional (CMRT) como marco teórico de referencia, y en la relevancia de la ansiedad competitiva como indicador de malestar en los deportistas, el objetivo de esta tesis fue el de aportar nueva evidencia empírica respecto cómo los deportistas adolescentes regulan la ansiedad competitiva mediante sus recursos de afrontamiento. Para hacerlo, se establecieron tres objetivos concretos que consistieron en (a) explorar el proceso de afrontamiento en esta población a nivel situacional teniendo en consideración las demás variables contempladas por la CMRT; (b) conocer cómo el afrontamiento de la ansiedad competitiva predice la intención de continuar practicando deporte; y (c) averiguar si los niveles y tipos de ansiedad competitiva y afrontamiento difieren en función de las características del tipo de deporte practicado. En total en esta tesis participaron 804 deportistas adolescentes (Medad = 15.59; SD = 1.97) mediante dos recogidas de datos que dieron lugar a tres artículos científicos, que se corresponden con los tres objetivos planteados. En el artículo 1 exploramos a nivel situacional las relaciones entre ansiedad estado competitiva, las conductas de afrontamiento, las valoraciones cognitivas y otras emociones relevantes para la práctica deportiva, observando que la ansiedad estado competitiva se asocia con aquellas estrategias de afrontamiento orientadas a regular los estados internos. En el artículo 2, desde una perspectiva contextual, observamos que afrontar la ansiedad competitiva mediante estilos de afrontamiento orientados a la tarea favorece el compromiso deportivo. Finalmente, en el artículo 3, los resultados mostraron algunas diferencias en los niveles y tipos de ansiedad competitiva y afrontamiento entre deportes que requieren habilidades abierta y cerradas. En conjunto, los resultados obtenidos muestran que los deportistas adolescentes regulan sus manifestaciones de ansiedad somática y preocupación mediante rec, Framed on cognitive-motivational-relational theory (CMRT) and considering the relevance of competitive anxiety as an ill-being indicator, the aim of this thesis was to provide new empirical evidence regarding how adolescent athletes regulate competitive anxiety using coping resources. To this end, we set three specific objectives consisting on (a) explore the coping process at the situational level considering those variables included in the CMRT; (b) test how coping with competitive anxiety predicts the intention to maintain sport involvement; and (c) compare if the levels and forms of competitive anxiety and coping differ depending on the characteristics of the sport. In this thesis 804 adolescent athletes have participated (Mage = 15.59; SD = 1.97), who were recruited into two data collections. The thesis is composed of three scientific articles corresponding to our three specific objectives. In this regard, article 1 explores at a situational level the relationships between competitive state anxiety, coping behaviours, cognitive appraisals, and other relevant emotions. The results of this article show that competitive state anxiety correlates with those coping behaviours intended to regulate athletes' internal states. Article 2, from a contextual perspective shows, that coping with competitive anxiety using a task-oriented style positively predicts sport commitment. Additionally, results from article 3 showed differences in the levels of competitive anxiety and coping depending on the characteristics of the sport. Altogether, results show that adolescent athletes tend to regulate somatic symptoms and worries of competitive anxiety using task-oriented coping whereas concentration disruption is usually regulated using disengagement-oriented coping strategies. Further, task-oriented coping style positively predicted sport commitment while disengagement-oriented coping negatively predicted it. In addition to these conclusions, at a methodological level, our results

Departament responsable de la tesi: Departament de Psicologia Social., Premi Extraordinari de Doctorat concedit pels programes de doctorat de la UAB per curs acadèmic 2017-2018, Aquesta tesi tracta sobre les dones en l'esport en el context espanyol. L'esport ha estat i segueix sent un context masculinitzat i l'estudi de les dones en l'esport ha estat limitat. Es tracta d'una tesi doctoral constituïda per un compendi de tres publicacions i el seu objectiu és identificar i descriure factors que influeixen les dones a seguir en l'esport, tant en la pràctica (com a esportistes d'elit) com en la gestió (directives d'organitzacions esportives). Aquesta tesi s'organitza en tres estudis diferents i complementaris: (a) La carrera dual de les esportistes durant la transició a la universitat, (b) Competències per la carrera dual de les Esportistes i (c) Dones en organitzacions esportives. Els dos primers ajuden a identificar quins factors poden influir les esportistes perquè segueixin en l'esport durant la seva carrera dual, és a dir, mentre compaginen la seva carrera esportiva amb l'acadèmica. En el tercer estudi, s'identifiquen factors que poden influir a què les dones segueixin ocupant càrrecs de direcció en organitzacions esportives. La metodologia emprada en aquesta tesi és mixta i compta amb 83 participants, de les quals 75 són esportistes d'alt rendiment en actiu que estaven realitzant una carrera dual en el moment de la investigació i vuit directives d'organitzacions esportives d'alt nivell, essent ex esportistes d'elit cinc d'elles. En l'estudi "La carrera dual de les esportistes durant la transició a la universitat" de metodologia qualitativa longitudinal, es proposen quatre fases des de la transició del batxillerat a la universitat (i.e., preparació, immersió, aprenentatge i adaptació) i s'expliquen les principals característiques de cada fase. Es va trobar que les fases més estressants i complicades per les esportistes van ser les de preparació (final de batxillerat) i immersió (entrada a la universitat). Es proposa que es treballin competències per la carrera dual de forma preventiva. En l'estudi de "Competències per la carrera dual de le, This thesis is about women in sport in the Spanish context. Sport has been and remains a masculine context. And the study of women in sport has been limited. This is a doctoral thesis consisting of a compendium of three publications. Its objective is to identify and describe factors that influence women to continue in sport, both in practice (as elite sportswomen) and in management (sports organization managers). This thesis is organized in three different and complementary studies: (a) The dual career of female athletes during the transition to the university, (b) Competences for dual career of female athletes, and (c) Women in sports organizations. The first two studies help identify what factors may influence female athletes to continue in sport during their dual career, that is, while combining their sports career with academics. In the third study, we identify factors that can influence women's continuing to hold positions in sports organizations. A mixed method approach was used in this thesis. It has 83 participants, of which 75 are active high performance female athletes who were performing a dual career at the time of the investigation and eight were women managers of high level sports organizations, being former elite athletes five of them. The study " The dual career of female athletes during the transition to the university " is a qualitative and longitudinal study. Four phases are proposed from the transition from the baccalaureate to the university (i.e., preparation, immersion, learning and adaptation) and we explain the main characteristics of each phase. It was found that the most stressful and complicated phases for female athletes were those of preparation (final baccalaureate) and immersion (entrance to the university). It is proposed that competences for the dual career be carried out preventively. The study of " Competences for dual career of female athletes " is a cross-sectional and quantitative study. We identify six key competencies to deve

Framed in cognitive-motivational-relational theory of emotions (Lazarus, 1999), this study aimed to test how coping mediated the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport commitment in a sample of adolescent athletes. Five-hundred adolescents (M = 16.42; SD = 1.54) participated in our study. Participants completed competitive anxiety, coping, and sport commitment measures. We defined the measurement model using confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling; and compared two different models of mediation (i.e., total and partial mediation) using structural equation modeling. Results favored partial mediation model where cognitive anxiety factors predicted sport commitment. Results from this model suggest direct and mediated structural relations between concepts. Somatic anxiety had a weak influence on sport commitment (total effects = 0.090 [-.131, .311]). Worry showed a positive influence on sport commitment (total effects = .375 [.262, .486]) through direct and mediated effects. Concentration disruption showed a negative impact on sport commitment (total effects = -.544 [-.724, -.363]) trough mediated effects only, showing a negative path on task-oriented coping and a positive path on disengagement-oriented coping. As a whole, our findings identify task coping efforts undertaken by adolescent athletes as a key element in the relationship between competitive anxiety and sport commitment. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the design of coping interventions in adolescents.

Saul Alcaraz,1 Carme Viladrich,2 Joan Trujols,1,3 Núria Siñol,1 José Pérez de los Cobos1,3,4 1Addictive Behaviors Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Psychobiology and Methodology of Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; 3Biomedical Research Networking Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; 4Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain Purpose: The aim of the present study was to test a structural equation model of patient satisfaction with different key facets of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). In this model, the three dimensions of patient satisfaction with methadone as a medication (ie, personal functioning and well-being, anti-addictive effect on heroin, and anti-addictive effect on non-opioid substances) were expected to predict satisfaction with the basic interventions delivered by the staff of treatment centers to implement MMT.Patients and methods: A sample of 210 heroin-dependent patients, resistant to MMT treatment (mean age =41.66 years, SD =6.50; 75.7% male), participated voluntarily in this study. Preliminary analysis based on exploratory structural equation modeling supported the expected three-factor measurement model of the scale to assess satisfaction with medications for addiction treatment – methadone for heroin addiction. Moreover, the 15 items measuring staff’s basic interventions were shown to be compatible with the expected single-factor measurement model. Then, both measurement models were included in a structural model.Results: Results of this model show that patient satisfaction with the compatibility of methadone with personal functioning and well-being, as well as with

The study of the big three of coping (i.e., appraisals, emotions, and coping strategies) from factorial approach has been somewhat problematic in sport research. In this study, we had the aim to examine the relationships among the components of big three of coping using network analysis as an alternative approach to factorial approach. Using cognitive-motivational-relational theory as framework, we assessed appraisals, emotions and coping strategies in a sample of 276 synchronized swimming athletes (M = 14.63; SD = 2.01). Results present a network analysis of polychoric correlations among variables, showing three main groups of interrelations: (a) goal withdrawal zone include dejection, anger, venting of unpleasant emotions, disengagement, mental distraction, and social withdrawal; (b) mastery zone include primary and secondary appraisals, excitement, happiness, effort expenditure, mental imagery, and some thought control items; and (c) internal regulation zone include anxiety, logical analysis, some items of thought control, relaxation, and seeking social support. Results are congruent with Nicholls, Taylor, Carrol and Perry (2016) coping classifications; and show similarities with previous literature regarding the relations between appraisals, emotions, and coping., En la literatura científica, el estudio de los tres grandes componentes del proceso de afrontamiento (i.e., valoraciones cognitivas, emociones, y estrategias de afrontamiento) desde una perspectiva factorial ha conllevado algunas dificultades. Por ello, este estudio tuvo el objetivo de examinar las relaciones entre los tres componentes del proceso de afrontamiento mediante el network analysis, como alternativa a la perspectiva factorial. Partiendo de la teoría cognitivo-motivacional-relacional como marco teórico de referencia, en este estudio evaluamos las valoraciones cognitivas, las emociones y las estrategias de afrontamiento en una muestra de 276 deportistas que practicaban natación sincronizada (M = 14.63; DE = 2.01). Los resultados presentan correlaciones policóricas entre variables mediante un network analysis, observándose tres grupos principales de relaciones entre variables: (a) la zona de distanciamiento de los objetivos que incluye las emociones de abatimiento y enfado, junto a las estrategias de salida de emociones desagradables, resignación, distracción mental, y distanciamiento; (b) la zona de maestría, que incluye las valoraciones cognitivas primaria y secundaria, las emociones de excitación y felicidad, y las estrategias de esfuerzo, imaginería mental, y algunos pero no todos los ítems del control de pensamiento; y (c) la zona de la regulación interna, que incluye la ansiedad, y las estrategias de análisis lógico relajación, búsqueda de apoyo, y algunos ítems de control del pensamiento. Los resultados son congruentes con la clasificación del afrontamiento propuesta por Nicholls' et al (2016), y muestra coincidencias con la literatura previa respecto a las relaciones observadas entre valoraciones cognitivas, emociones y estrategias de afrontamiento.