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Waste material is an inevitable outcome of most human and industrial activities, lacking enduring value. A significant amount of waste is being generated from various sources such as industrial and domestic activities, driven by population growth and economic expansion. To address these challenges, methods like re-use and recycling are crucial in mitigating the adverse impacts of waste by reducing landfill deposition. Recycling not only helps in conserving natural resources but also diminishes energy consumption. Recently, there has been increasing interest in re-using waste materials as substitutes in geotechnical and geo-environmental applications. For the efficient utilization of waste, it is essential to systematically understand its characterization, various technical aspects, and environmental implications, along with their interrelationships. This study aims to explore the potential of using different by-products and waste materials such as fly ash, shredded waste tires, and recycled concrete aggregates as geomaterials. By doing so, it endeavours to contribute to sustainable practices in geotechnical engineering. Overall, the re-use of waste materials constitutes a significant area of research aimed at fostering sustainability in geotechnical engineering practices.

The vertical stress exerted by the vehicles will be high in a populated road and to increase the bearing capacity of subgrade characteristics, geosynthetic material can be used. In the current study different geosynthetic material such as geo-grid, geo-textile and geo-membrane were used to as a subgrade reinforcement member inside the CBR mould for understanding the improvement in subgrade for single, two and three geosynthetic layering in the CBR mould. The results show there was a constant increase in the bearing with the increase in a number of layers and this improvement varied with type of geosynthetic materials also. Among three geosynhteic materials, geogrid shows improved CBR characteristics. Finally, Cost analysis and design of flexible pavement were carried for an optimum number of layers for geogrids. There was reduction of about 6.38% in the cost of construction when using geogrid as subgrade reinforcement member.

Featured Application: This study attempts to identify optimal dosage ranges of lime and PG for maximizing the strength performance of stabilized expansive soils. The study involved the utilization of an industrial waste product, Phosphogypsum (PG) as an additive to lime for the stabilization of soil. Three lime dosages, viz. initial consumption of lime (ICL), optimum lime content (OLC) and less than ICL (LICL) were adopted for stabilizing the soil. The study investigated the stress-strain characteristics of soil composites stabilized with these three lime contents modified with optimum dosages of PG. Mineralogical studies were performed on the spent samples used for a series of determinations of unconfined compression strength tests with various combinations of lime and optimum PG content. The addition of an optimum dosage of PG resulted in an early strength gain of 8.8%, 14.1% and 13.9% and a delayed strength gain of 9.9%, 19% and 19.7% for 3%, 5.5% and 7% for the lime-stabilized soil, respectively. It was found that the addition of PG to the lime resulted in enhanced stiffness, residual strength and reduced brittleness due to the PG amendment of the stabilization reactions. However, in terms of the overall improvement of soil properties, the most favorable benefit was obtained by optimal PG modification of ICL rather than OLC. Microanalysis of the X-ray diffraction scatter also supported the results revealed through stress-strain characteristics. ICL with its optimal PG dosage showed a better progression of pozzolanic reactions when compared to the other two in terms of reduction of peaks of soil minerals and increase in peaks of CSH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]