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1. India's 2021 differentiated TB care guidance: Is it feasible to implement and act upon?

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, Frederick, Asha, Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj, Ravichandran, Prabhadevi, Lokesh, S., Suma, K.V., Aarthi, S., Kiruthika, G., Chadwick, Joshua, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, Gayathri, K., Vijayaprabha, R., Pathinathan, Delphina Peter, Nivetha, M. Bhavani, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, Pradeep, S. Kiran, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Devika, Shanmugasundaram, Rajkumar, S., Sakthivel, M., Mathavi, T., Vellasamy, S., Rajaprakash, A.R., Ganapathy, S., Sundaralingam, K., Savithri, S., Sudha, G., Balasubramaniam, M., Megala, B., Keerthivasan, S., Arunchandar, V., Mallan, Ganga, Khaleel, A. Muhammed, Anbanantham, K., Natesh, S., Bairavi, V., Krishnamoorthy, K., Hameed, O.M. Rahman Shahul, Sathishkumar, P., Saravanan, P., Illakiyaselvan, P.T., Praveenkumar, S., Murugan, S., Ganeshkumar, K., Manoj, G., Sivaprakasam, A., Sangamithira, G., Chandrika, A., Sacred Selvin, A. Alffer, Ranjini, S.V. Asha, Babu, K. Anand, Arunshankar, V., Selvavinayagam, T.S., Ramachandran, Ranjani, and Murhekar, Manoj V.

Published
2023
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2. Quality of comprehensive assessment among severely ill TB patients referred after triaging in southern India

Author

Shewade, H. D., primary, Frederick, A., additional, Pradeep, S. Kiran, additional, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Bhatnagar, T., additional, Suma, K. V., additional, Ravichandran, P., additional, Gayathri, K., additional, Vijayaprabha, R., additional, Pathinathan, D. P., additional, Chidambaram, D., additional, Sivagami, K., additional, Janani, R. K., additional, Selvavinayagam, T. S., additional, Ramachandran, R., additional, and Murhekar, M. V., additional

Published
2024
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3. Lessons Learned From a Peer-Supported Differentiated Care and Nutritional Supplementation for People With TB in a Southern Indian State.

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, Jeyakumar Jaisingh, A. James, Ravichandran, Prabhadevi, Pradeep, S. Kiran, Pandurangan, Sripriya, Mohanty, Subrat, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, Vijayaprabha, R., Kiruthika, G., Suma, K. V., Pathinathan, Delphina Peter, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, Sivagami, K., Srinivasan, Anupama, Swamickan, Reuben, Goswami, Amrita, Sivaranjani, D., Ananthakrishnan, Ramya, Frederick, Asha, and Murhekar, Manoj V.

Published
2024
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4. Triaging for Severe Illness amongst Adults with Tuberculosis Followed by Referral and Inpatient Care: A Statewide Pilot in Tamil Nadu, India

Author

Shewade, Hemant D., primary, Frederick, Asha, additional, Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj, additional, Chadwick, Joshua, additional, Kiruthika, G, additional, Rajasekar, T Daniel, additional, Gayathri, K, additional, Vijayaprabha, R, additional, Sabarinathan, R, additional, Shivakumar, Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra, additional, Jeyashree, Kathiresan, additional, Bhavani, P K, additional, Aarthi, S, additional, Suma, K V, additional, Pathinathan, Delphina P., additional, Parthasarathy, Raghavan, additional, Nivetha, M Bhavani, additional, Thampi, Jerome G, additional, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Lokesh, S, additional, Devika, Shanmugasundaram, additional, Laux, Timothy S., additional, Viswanathan, Stalin, additional, Sridhar, R, additional, Krishnamoorthy, K, additional, Sakthivel, M, additional, Karunakaran, S, additional, Rajkumar, S, additional, Ramachandran, M., additional, Kanagaraj, K D, additional, Durai, V P, additional, Saravanan, R, additional, Sugantha, A, additional, Khan, S Zufire Hassan Mohamed, additional, Sangeetha, P, additional, Vasudevan, R, additional, Nedunchezhian, R, additional, Sankari, M, additional, Jeevanandam, N, additional, Ganapathy, S, additional, Rajasekaran, V, additional, Mathavi, T, additional, Rajaprakash, A R, additional, Murali, Lakshmi, additional, Pugal, U, additional, Sundaralingam, K, additional, Savithri, S, additional, Vellasamy, S, additional, Dheenadayal, D, additional, Ashok, P, additional, Sudhakar, R, additional, Rajan, K P, additional, Tharageshwari, N, additional, Chokkalingam, D, additional, Anandrajkumar, S M, additional, Selvavinayagam, T S, additional, Padmapriyadarshini, C, additional, Ramachandran, Ranjani, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj V, additional

Published
2024
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6. The First Differentiated TB Care Model From India: Delays and Predictors of Losses in the Care Cascade

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, primary, Frederick, Asha, additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj, additional, Chadwick, Joshua, additional, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, additional, Gayathri, K., additional, Vijayaprabha, R., additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Kathiresan, Jeyashree, additional, Bhavani, P.K., additional, Aarthi, S., additional, Suma, K.V., additional, Pathinathan, Delphina Peter, additional, Parthasarathy, Raghavan, additional, Nivetha, M. Bhavani, additional, Thampi, Jerome G., additional, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Lokesh, S., additional, Devika, Shanmugasundaram, additional, Laux, Timothy S., additional, Viswanathan, Stalin, additional, Sridhar, R., additional, Krishnamoorthy, K., additional, Sakthivel, M., additional, Karunakaran, S., additional, Rajkumar, S., additional, Ramachandran, M., additional, Kanagaraj, K.D., additional, Kaleeswari, M., additional, Durai, V.P., additional, Saravanan, R., additional, Sugantha, A., additional, Khan, S. Zufire Hassan Mohamed, additional, Sangeetha, P., additional, Vasudevan, R., additional, Nedunchezhian, R., additional, Sankari, M., additional, Jeevanandam, N., additional, Ganapathy, S., additional, Rajasekaran, V., additional, Mathavi, T., additional, Rajaprakash, A.R., additional, Murali, Lakshmi, additional, Pugal, U., additional, Sundaralingam, K., additional, Savithri, S., additional, Vellasamy, S., additional, Dheenadayal, D., additional, Ashok, P., additional, Jayasree, K., additional, Sudhakar, R., additional, Rajan, K.P., additional, Tharageshwari, N., additional, Chokkalingam, D., additional, Anandrajkumar, S.M., additional, Selvavinayagam, T.S., additional, Padmapriyadarshini, C., additional, Ramachandran, Ranjani, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj V., additional

Published
2023
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7. ­­Eleven tips for operational researchers working with health programmes: our experience based on implementing differentiated tuberculosis care in south India

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, primary, Frederick, Asha, additional, Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj, additional, Chadwick, Joshua, additional, Kiruthika, G., additional, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, additional, Gayathri, K., additional, Vijayaprabha, R., additional, Sabarinathan, R., additional, Shivakumar, Shri Vijay Bala Yogendra, additional, Jeyashree, Kathiresan, additional, Bhavani, P. K., additional, Aarthi, S., additional, Suma, K. V., additional, Pathinathan, Delphina Peter, additional, Parthasarathy, Raghavan, additional, Nivetha, M. Bhavani, additional, Thampi, Jerome G., additional, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, additional, Bhatnagar, Tarun, additional, Lokesh, S., additional, Devika, Shanmugasundaram, additional, Laux, Timothy S., additional, Viswanathan, Stalin, additional, Sridhar, R., additional, Krishnamoorthy, K., additional, Sakthivel, M., additional, Karunakaran, S., additional, Rajkumar, S., additional, Ramachandran, M., additional, Kanagaraj, K. D., additional, Kaleeswari, M., additional, Durai, V. P., additional, Saravanan, R., additional, Sugantha, A., additional, Khan, S. Zufire Hassan Mohamed, additional, Sangeetha, P., additional, Vasudevan, R., additional, Nedunchezhian, R., additional, Sankari, M., additional, Jeevanandam, N., additional, Ganapathy, S., additional, Rajasekaran, V., additional, Mathavi, T., additional, Rajaprakash, A. R., additional, Murali, Lakshmi, additional, Pugal, U., additional, Sundaralingam, K., additional, Savithri, S., additional, Vellasamy, S., additional, Dheenadayal, D., additional, Ashok, P., additional, Jayasree, K., additional, Sudhakar, R., additional, Rajan, K. P., additional, Tharageshwari, N., additional, Chokkalingam, D., additional, Anandrajkumar, S. M., additional, Selvavinayagam, T. S., additional, Padmapriyadarsini, C., additional, Ramachandran, Ranjani, additional, and Murhekar, Manoj V., additional

Published
2023
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8. Magnitude and pattern of various cancers from tertiary health care center registry: A study in three southern states of India

Author

Rajan, H., Mageswari, S., Gayathri, K., Satish, S., Baluswamy, M., Vijayapushpam, T., and Vijayaprabha, R.

Subjects
Registries (in medicine), Cancer -- Statistics -- Demographic aspects -- Risk factors, Health
Abstract

Byline: H. Rajan, S. Mageswari, K. Gayathri, S. Satish, M. Baluswamy, T. Vijayapushpam, R. Vijayaprabha Many research studies have looked into the epidemiological aspects including various potential risk factors associated [...]

Published
2021

9. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine (Covishield™) in preventing SARS-CoV2 infection, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2021

Author

Sharan Murali, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Kamaraj P, Vettrichelvan Venkataswamy, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Anita Shete, Alby John, Jaganathan Arjun, Girish Kumar C P, Pragya D Yadav, Rima Sahay, Triparna Majumdar, Manisha Dhudhmal, Azhagendran Sivalingam, Sudha Rani D, Augustine D, Vijayaprabha R, Murali Mohan M, Suresh A, Punita M, Elavarasu G, Prabhakaran C, Dhana Priya Vadhani S, Prakash M, Ezhil P, Ganeshkumar Parasuraman, Jagadeesan M, Manish S Narnaware, Gagandeep Singh Bedi, Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj V Murhekar

Abstract

BackgroundIndia experienced the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2021, driven by the delta variant. Apprehensions around the usefulness of vaccines against delta variant posed a risk to the vaccination program. Therefore, we estimated the effectiveness of two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) vaccine against COVID-19 infection among individuals ≥45 years in Chennai, India.MethodsA community-based cohort study was conducted from May to September 2021 in a selected geographic area in Chennai, Tamil Nadu. The estimated sample size was 10,232. We enumerated individuals from all eligible households and periodically updated vaccination and COVID-19 infection data. We computed vaccine effectiveness with its 95% confidence interval for two doses of the Covishield vaccine against any COVID-19 infection.ResultsWe enrolled 69,435 individuals, of which 21,793 were above 45 years. Two dose coverage of Covishield in the 18+ and 45+ age group was 18% and 31%, respectively. The overall incidence of COVID-19 infection was 1099 per 100,000 population. The vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 disease in the ≥45 age group was 61.3% (95% CI: 43.6 - 73.4) at least two weeks after receiving the second dose of Covishield. Genomic analysis of 74 (28 with two doses, 15 with one dose, and 31 with zero dose) out of the 90 aliquots collected from the 303 COVID-19 positive individuals in the 45+ age group showed delta variants and their sub-lineages.ConclusionWe demonstrated the effectiveness of two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine against the delta variant in the general population of Chennai. We recommend similar future studies considering emerging variants and newer vaccines. Two-dose vaccine coverage could be ensured to protect against COVID-19 infection.

Published
2022

13. Reproductive Health Status of Irular Tribal women in Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu.

Author

Vijayaprabha, R. and Nirmala, D.

Subjects
REPRODUCTIVE health, MENOPAUSE, WOMEN'S roles, MARITAL relations, FEMINISM, WOMEN'S health
Abstract

The most important period in the life span of women is the reproductive period which extends from menarche to menopause. The intervening periods is marriage, pregnancy, childbirth and contraception. Here, this study attempts to understand the reproductive health status of Irular community women in the age of 15-49 years in Thiruvallur District of Tamil Nadu. To explore how the socioeconomic condition influence healthcare practice of women. However, government has not taken any effective steps till now. Despite the fact that more fatalities occur among women in a year due to poor reproductive health practices, nobody has exercised enough to create a movement for improving women's health. Hence, in this study we see reproductive health within the context of economic status, good marital relations and strength to cope with their lives. These findings point to the need to situate interventions in the life course of women, their health and that of their husbands and families; the importance of reproduction not only from a health services point of view, but also as regards women's roles and responsibilities within marriage and their families; and taking into account of the harsh socio-economic conditions in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

14. Childlessness among Muthuvan Tribes of Tamil Nadu, India: An Exploratory Study.

Author

Mageswari, S., Rajan, H. Magesh, Balusamy, M., Elavarasu, G., Vijayaprabha, R., Ramachandran, V., Britto, J. John, and Jayaraman, Yuvaraj

Subjects
RESEARCH, CULTURE, RESEARCH methodology, MENSTRUATION, FAMILIES, ETHNOPSYCHOLOGY, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EMPLOYMENT, ORAL contraceptives, STATISTICAL sampling, THEMATIC analysis, CHILDLESSNESS
Abstract

Introduction: Childlessness is a global concern and it has serious demographic, social, and health implications. The declining Muthuvan child population may reduce their population on the whole. Objective: The study explored the prevalence of childlessness and its underlying reasons in the Muthuvan tribes of Tamil Nadu. Subjects and Methods: The study applied the mixed-method design, and the snowball technique was adopted to identify eight Muthuvan hamlets. Descriptive and thematic analysis was done for the collected quantitative and qualitative information. Results: The study found the prevalence of childlessness among Muthuvan couples as 30.65%. The underlying reasons were their cultural practices of confinement during menstruation and restriction on engaging in productive work and family care, which gave them the idea of regular intake of oral contraceptive pills and lessen their desire to have children. Conclusion: The study concludes that the comfort of their daily life has taken over more important than the consequences of objects used for comfort, to their health and future generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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15. India's 2021 differentiated TB care guidance: Is it feasible to implement and act upon?

Author

Shewade, Hemant Deepak, Frederick, Asha, Kalyanasundaram, Madhanraj, Ravichandran, Prabhadevi, Lokesh, S., Suma, K.V., Aarthi, S., Kiruthika, G., Chadwick, Joshua, Rajasekar, T. Daniel, Gayathri, K., Vijayaprabha, R., Pathinathan, Delphina Peter, Nivetha, M. Bhavani, Chidambaram, Deiveegan, Pradeep, S. Kiran, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Devika, Shanmugasundaram, Rajkumar, S., Sakthivel, M., Mathavi, T., Vellasamy, S., Rajaprakash, A.R., Ganapathy, S., Sundaralingam, K., Savithri, S., Sudha, G., Balasubramaniam, M., Megala, B., Keerthivasan, S., Arunchandar, V., Mallan, Ganga, Khaleel, A. Muhammed, Anbanantham, K., Natesh, S., Bairavi, V., Krishnamoorthy, K., Hameed, O.M. Rahman Shahul, Sathishkumar, P., Saravanan, P., Illakiyaselvan, P.T., Praveenkumar, S., Murugan, S., Ganeshkumar, K., Manoj, G., Sivaprakasam, A., Sangamithira, G., Chandrika, A., Sacred Selvin, A. Alffer, Ranjini, S.V. Asha, Babu, K. Anand, Arunshankar, V., Selvavinayagam, T.S., Ramachandran, Ranjani, and Murhekar, Manoj V.

Abstract

In 2021, India's national tuberculosis (TB) elimination programme recommended severity assessment using 16 indicators (involving clinical, laboratory and radiological assessment) for all TB patients at diagnosis. Patients with a total score more than one or emergency criteria were eligible for referral and inpatient care (called as severely ill). This guidance is yet to be implemented statewide in India. Even in ideal settings, we wanted to understand the feasibility of implementing and acting upon the findings of severity assessment using 16 indicators. Specifically, how many would be assessed and eligible for inpatient care, followed by early deaths (within two months) among those with and without severe illness.

Published
2024
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16. Effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Coronavirus Vaccine (CovishieldTM) in Preventing SARS-CoV2 Infection, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, 2021

Author

Sharan Murali, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, Kamaraj Pattabi, Vettrichelvan Venkatasamy, Jeromie Wesley Vivian Thangaraj, Anita Shete, Alby John Varghese, Jaganathan Arjun, Chethrapilly Purushothaman Girish Kumar, Pragya D Yadav, Rima Sahay, Triparna Majumdar, Manisha Dudhmal, Azhagendran Sivalingam, Sudha Rani Dhanapal, Augustine Durai Samy, Vijayaprabha Radhakrishnan, Murali Mohan Muni Krishnaiah, Suresh Arunachalam, Punita Muni Krishna Gandhi, Elavarasu Govindasamy, Prabhakaran Chinnappan, Dhana Priya Vadhani Sekar, Prakash Marappan, Ezhil Pounraj, Parasuraman Ganeshkumar, Murugesan Jagadeesan, Manish Narnaware, Gagandeep Singh Bedi, Prabhdeep Kaur, and Manoj Murhekar

Subjects
COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine effectiveness, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Covishield, AZD 1222, SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccines, Medicine
Abstract

We estimated the effectiveness of two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Covishield) vaccine against any COVID-19 infection among individuals ≥45 years in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. A community-based cohort study was conducted from May to September 2021 in a selected geographic area in Chennai. The estimated sample size was 10,232. We enrolled 69,435 individuals, of which 21,793 were above 45 years. Two-dose coverage of Covishield in the 18+ and 45+ age group was 18% and 31%, respectively. Genomic analysis of 74 out of the 90 aliquots collected from the 303 COVID-19-positive individuals in the 45+ age group showed delta variants and their sub-lineages. The vaccine’s effectiveness against COVID-19 disease in the ≥45 age group was 61.3% (95% CI: 43.6–73.4) at least 2 weeks after receiving the second dose of Covishield. We demonstrated the effectiveness of two doses of the ChAdOx1 vaccine against the delta variant in the general population of Chennai. We recommend similar future studies considering emerging variants and newer vaccines. Two-dose vaccine coverage could be ensured to protect against COVID-19 infection.

Published
2022
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17. Clinical profile of lean NIDDM in South India

Author

Mohan, V, primary, Vijayaprabha, R, additional, Rema, M, additional, Premalatha, G, additional, Poongothai, S, additional, Deepa, R, additional, Bhatia, E, additional, Mackay, I.R, additional, and Zimmet, P, additional

Published
1997
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19. Community voices around COVID-19 vaccine in Chennai, India: A qualitative exploration during early phase of vaccine rollout.

Author

Kumar, Muthusamy, Madhumathi, Jayaprakasam, Gayathri, K, A. Rozario, Amanda, Vijayaprabha, R, Balusamy, M, Sonekar, Harshal, and Panda, Samiran

Subjects
*COVID-19 vaccines, *COMMUNITIES, *MEDICAL personnel, *VACCINATION complications, *VACCINE safety
Abstract

Background & objectives: Globally, vaccination is considered as an important public health strategy to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to conduct an in-depth inquiry to explore perceptions of community members around COVID-19 vaccines in the southern city of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. This was conducted during the early phase of the vaccine rollout programme in India. Methods: A qualitative investigation was conducted between January-February 2021 through in-depth interviews. Healthcare workers, religious leaders, community influencers, local administrators and representatives of marginalized communities were included. The key informant interview guides and probes explored five domains; (i) vaccine availability, (ii) trust in COVID-19 vaccines, (iii) vaccine-related concerns, (iv) health/risk balance and (v) vaccine prioritization. Transcripted interviews were coded using a thematic approach and analyzed manually as well as with the help of ATLAS.ti 9 software. Results: Eagerness to receive COVID-19 vaccines amongst some of the respondents was linked with freedom from fear, possible restoration of normalcy, protection of family and ability to travel and work abroad. Concerns around threat of emergence of new variants, damage caused by such viral mutants and trust in policymakers were other facilitatory influencers for vaccine uptake. On the other hand, doubts surrounding safety and fear of side effects of COVID-19 vaccine were the feeders to vaccine hesitancy. Lack of accurate information, sensational media reports and rumours exacerbated this fear and provoked anxiety among people. Apprehensions around COVID-19 vaccine in the wake of its rapid development and approval for use and reluctance to take it during the declining phase of the epidemic were identified as other inhibitory factors. Participants underlined the importance of having responsive communication strategies in place focussing on vaccine safety. Making vaccines available to people free of cost and ensuring wider access were other programmatic suggestions. Interpretation & conclusions: In conclusion, our study findings suggest that it is essential to remain engaged with communities and execute evidence-based information dissemination strategy about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. We identified that it is also imperative to sensitize and train media professionals on how to report side effects related to vaccines. Responsive communication strategies will thus have the potential to serve as a key public health approach pertaining to future pandemic preparedness as well as to manage the demands of clinical and public health issues in an ongoing pandemic situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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