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Simarouba species are well known medicinal plants used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer remedies. It is also known for having anti-neoplastic, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, herbistatic and analgesic properties. However, information on traditional use in tumour treatment are limited. Simarouba glauca is one of the most popular species, which is a native tree of Central and South America, also found in countries like South Florida, Caribbean islands, Cuba, Mexico, Costa Rica, Bahamas, Jamaica, etc. It was introduced in India in 1960. Even though studies on the biological activities of this species are abundant, still there is lack of data on the cytotoxic activity of Simarouba glauca extracts on Ovarian cancer in the literature. In this study, we analysed the phytochemical composition and anti-oxidant activity of these extracts. Cytotoxic potential of these extracts was estimated on PA 1 Human Ovarian Cancer cell lines. The methanol fraction exhibited better potency as compared to acetone fraction. Both acetone and methanol extracts showed higher anti-oxidant capacities in contrast to other solvent extracts.

Cancer is a leading cause of death and an important source to the mortality and morbidity worldwide. The management in contemporary medicine is having toxicity to normal cells so the world is looking forward for drugs which are cytotoxic to cancer cells and non toxic to host cells and Medicinal plants are the doing well in this aspect. Adhahapushpi (Trichodesma indicum Linn.R.Br.)Belonging to Boraginaceae family is traditionally used as anticancer to treat breast cancer. Its cytotoxicity against breast cancer and cervical cancer is proved in previous researches. Objectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate its cytotoxicity against 3 Human cancer cell lines Viz. colon cancer cell line (HCT116), oral cancer cell line (KB) and skin cancer cell line (A375). Method: Alcohol, Methanol and Aqueous extracts of Root, Leaf, Stem and Fruit of Adhahapushpi were used to screen in-vitro cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic effect was analysed by MTT assay. Results: The ethanol Root extract was found to be more cytotoxic in vitro to colon cancer cell line (HCT116) with IC50values 176.5±13.36 µg/ml, ethanol extract of fruit to oral cancer cell line (KB-3-1) with IC50values 154 ± 3.89 µg/ml and root ethanol extract to skin cancer cell line (A375) with IC50values 169± 12.09 µg/ml respectively.

Cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of copper(i) complexes containing 1,8-naphthalimide conjugates have been investigated.

Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) as been used as traditional medicine for many years and they possess antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties. Clove is known for its anticancer property on various cancer cell lines and is well established, but its anticancer effect on OSCC cell lines is less known. Aim of the study was to determine the anticancer and antioxidant effect of Syzygium aromaticum extract on OSCC cell lines (KB cell lines) and compare the same with normal mouse fibroblasts cell lines (L292 cell lines). KB cell lines and L292 cell lines were commercially obtained. Clove was obtained from local market and ethanolic extract (EC) of clove was prepared. Anticancer activity was assessed by MTT, neutral red, DAPI and Double staining assay and antioxidant assay was carried out by FRAP, PM and DPPH assay. The antioxidant property of EC of clove increased with increase in the concentration in a dose dependent manner. Both MTT and Neutral Red assay showed increase in cell death with increase in concentration of EC of clove. Double staining and DAPI showed increase in cell death when treated with EC of clove. The anticancer and antioxidant activity of EC of clove was comparable with standard drug used in the assay. This in vitro study demonstrates effective anticancer and antioxidant activity on KB cell lines when compared to standard control. However, further studies are to be conducted in order to characterize other potential antitumor components of the clove, so that it can be used as therapeutic agent in treating oral carcinoma.

Oral hygiene maintenance is important to maintain optimal oral health. Oral health is affected by dysbiotic oral microflora in the dental plaque. Virulent factors of pathogenic organisms, such as gingipain, are responsible for tissue degradation and host tissue invasion in periodontal disease. We sought to investigate the distribution of gingipain genotypes (rgpA and kgp) of P. gingivalis in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals. The study included individuals positive for P. gingivalis, with 95 samples in the chronic periodontitis (CP) group and 35 samples in the healthy (H) group. We found that kgp-I and kgp-II types were prevalent in 67.36% and 32.64% of the samples in the CP group, respectively. In the H group, kgp-II was highly prevalent (97.14%). The rgpA genotype, type A was found in 78.95% and 82.85% of the samples in the CP and H group, respectively. The mean level of PD and CAL were increased in the presence of kgp-I and decreased in the presence of kgp-II. The mean level of P. gingivalis was increased in the presence of kgp-I and rgpA, type A. Our results show that kgp-I and kgp-II are strongly associated with disease and health condition, respectively.

The mixed-ligand fluorophore-labelled copper(II) complex aqua[2,4-dioxo-3-azatricyclo[7.3.1.05,13]trideca-1(12),5,7,9(13),10-pentaen-3-olato-κ2 O 2,O 3](1,10-phenanthroline-κ2 N,N′)copper(II) nitrate, [Cu(C12H6NO3)(C12H8N2)(H2O)]NO3·CH3OH or [Cu(L)(phen)(H2O)]NO3·CH3OH (where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and HL is N-hydroxynaphthalene-1,8-dicarboximide), (1), was synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure of (1) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The complex crystallized in the triclinic space group P\overline{1}. The geometry around the copper centre is distorted square pyramidal, with the apical position occupied by a water molecule. The complex is highly fluorescent in organic and aqueous solutions. It has good anticancer activity, with an IC50 value of 17 µM, which is almost five times greater than cisplatin (IC50 = 82 µM) under identical experimental conditions.

The synthesized copper complexes have good anticancer activity and induce an apoptotic mode of cell death.

Background: Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells are known to play a major role in the fundamental physiological response to tackle with microbial infections via different mechanisms. A series of assays have been developed that mimic neutrophil functions both in vivo and in vitro to look at specific deficiencies of neutrophil function. There is need to develop method to have defined normal range for these tests to differentiate between health and disease. We aim to define normal range for panel of screening assays in healthy adult Indian participants. Materials and Methods: The study included 30 male and 30 female adult healthy participants. A volume of 10 ml of blood was collected from each participant. Four different assays that included chemotaxis, phagocytosis, intracellular killing (candidacidal assay), and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test were performed. For defined range was established for all the assays. Simultaneously controls were set up for all the tests. Results: For NBT assay, the mean values for control and test were 13.58 and 58.90 respectively. The mean values for the control and test for phagocytosis assay were 1.77 and 4.49. Similarly, the values for candidacidal assay were 11.67% and 34.98. Finally, the values for chemotaxis test were 2.13 cm for Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine, 0.54 cm for participant's serum and 0.48 cm for the medium. Conclusion: Based on the data generated, the values produced in the present investigation should be considered as normal range for adult population between the age group of 25–50 years for the protocols followed in the study.

The study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity profile of a novel polymeric gel matrix triple antibiotic paste. The novel polymeric gel matrix triple antibiotic paste (TAOP) was formulated as thermo-modulated in situ hydrogel, by blending chitosan-carbopol and poloxamer gels with clindamycin (5%), metronidazole (5%), and doxycycline (1%). All the test materials (TAOP—test material 1), zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE—test material 2), and calcium hydroxide iodoform paste (Metapex—positive control) were divided into multiple concentrations from 400 to 12.5 μg/mL serially. The precultured human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were contacted directly to all the test materials, against untreated cells (negative control). MTT assay was evaluated for cell survival after 48 h, followed by half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) estimation. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tuckey’s post hoc HSD test and Bonferroni’s correction followed by t test for pairwise comparison of groups at all concentrations (p

Aim:To evaluate and compare the effect of curcumin (CUR) and Nano-curcumin (N-CUR) on human-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a dose-dependent manner.Materials and Methods:An experimental study performed with putative MSCs from a total of five systemically healthy subjects with chronic periodontitis. These putative MSCs were isolated by cell culture and were further characterized and identified by colony-forming unit assay and immunocytochemical analysis using cell surface markers CD105, CD146, CD45 and CD73. The identified MSCs were treated with different doses of CUR and N-CUR, and compared with α-minimum essential medium (α -MEM) for its cell viability by performing MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay for 48 and 72 hr. The statistically analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test and Bonferroni’s post hoc test.Results:Compared to the α-MEM group, both CUR and N-CUR treated cells have shown significantly ( P = .029) higher survival rate at lower concentration (0.1 and 0.5 µM/L), at 48 hr incubation. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the CUR and N-CUR groups on cell survival rate at both 48 and 72 hr incubation. When compared between the concentrations of the same group, significantly higher cell viability ( P = .001) was observed at lower concentrations (0.1, 0.5 µM/L) in both test groups after incubation for 48 and 72 hr.Conclusion:Both CUR and N-CUR have a dose-dependent effect on human derived MSCs survival when incubated for 48 hr, whereas N-CUR shows increased cell survival rate even at 72 hr of incubation. Although, the cautious use of CUR and N-CUR at higher concentrations is recommended.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the cell viability and cell differentiation potential together with the anti-inflammatory potential of coral (Now Foods Calcium Carbonate Powder, HerbsPro, India) and Biodentine™ (Septodont, St-Maur-des-Fosses, Cedex, France) on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC). Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) were segregated and cultured from the dental pulp of healthy teeth undergoing therapeutic extraction. For assessing cell proliferation potential of coral and Biodentine, the agents were taken at a concentration (800, 400, 200, 100, 50 μg/mL) and for cell differentiation potential a concentration of 400 μg/mL respectively. MTT assay was utilized to evaluate proliferation, while differentiation was assessed using Alizarin Red staining. The anti-inflammatory potential of Biodentine and coral was likewise evaluated using gelatin zymography by detecting MMP-2 and MMP-9 matrixin. The highest cell proliferation for coral and Biodentine was observed at 200 μg/mL (108.82 ± 2.09% and 107.32 ± 1.04%, respectively), which was statistically significant (p = 0.043), while cell differentiation potential at 400 μg/mL was 127.70 ± 4.26% for coral and 142.96 ± 4.06% for Biodentine. However, anti-inflammatory activity against MMP-2 seen with coral was 68 ± 1.14% and 85.0 ± 3.05 for Biodentine, while against MMP-9 was 30 ± 1.69 for coral and 65 ± 2.74 for Biodentine. Coral has comparable potential to enhance proliferation and differentiation of hDPSC into the functional and utilitarian cells like odontoblasts or osteoblast and to harbor anti-inflammatory activity similar to Biodentine.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen and major colonizer in host tissue which plays a pivotal role in periodontitis among the other polymicrobial infections. Increasing facts demonstrate that curcumin has antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm effect against the periodontopathogens through diverse mechanisms that have a positive impact on periodontal health. The present study was aimed to elucidate the effect of curcumin on biofilm formation and virulence factor gene expression of P. gingivalis. By using gene expression studies, we exploited the mechanism of anti-biofilm effects of curcumin on P. gingivalis. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of curcumin for both ATCC and clinical strains of P. gingivalis were found to be 62.5 and 125 µg ml−1 respectively. Curcumin prevented bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. Further, curcumin attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of genes coding for major virulence factors, including adhesions (fimA, hagA, and hagB) and proteinases (rgpA, rgpB, and kgp). The results indicated that curcumin has shown anti-biofilm as well as antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis. Further, curcumin because of its pleiotropic actions could be a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Herein, we described novel biogenic preparation of the CuO nanorods and its surface modification with L-alanine amino acid accelerated by microwave irradiation. The effect of surface functionalized CuO nanorods on the polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose film physico-mechanical properties were investigated through various characterization techniques. The tensile strength was improved from 28.58 ± 0.73 MPa to 43.40 ± 0.93 MPa, UV shielding ability and barrier to the water vapors were highly enhanced when PVA/CMC matrices filled with 8 wt% of CuO-L-alanine. In addition, the prepared films exhibited acceptable overall migration limit and readily undergoes soil burial degradation. Nevertheless, CuO-L-alanine incorporated films showed potent antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and had high antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. Furthermore, the nanocomposite films showed negligible cytotoxic effect on HEK293 and Caco-2 cell lines. In these contexts, the developed nanocomposite films can be implementing as an active food packaging material.

Two cationic iridium(III) complexes, [Ir(ppy)2((tdzp))]+ (1) and [Ir(bhq)2((tdzp))]+ (2) {ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, bhq = benzo[h]quinoline, tdzp = [1,2,5]-thiadiazolo-[3,4-f]-[1,10]-phenanthroline}, have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The molecular structures of the iridium complexes have been confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Extensive hydrogen bonding between lattice water molecules, solvated methanol, and chloride anions is observed in the crystal structure of complex 1, which leads to the formation of 1D polymeric cyclic hybrid water–chloride–methanol clusters. The complexes show different photophysical properties in different solvents. The experimental photo-physical properties of the synthesized iridium(III) complexes match well with the theoretically calculated results obtained by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies. The HOMO of complexes 1 and 2 is restricted on the iridium and cyclometalated aromatic ligands, while the LUMO, LUMO+1, and LUMO+2 are primarily restricted on the polypyridyl tdzp ligand. The interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by absorption titration and emission titration experiments. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and cellular localization properties of these complexes towards HeLa cells have been investigated.

Background and Aims:Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) is considered as an important pathogen responsible for periodontal disease which is characterized by inflammation of gingiva and destruction of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone leading to loss of tooth. Along with clinical investigations, suitable microbiological analysis needs to be performed which could provide more insight into the disease severity. We aim to quantify P. gingivalis by real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and analyze its association with demographic data including clinical parameters.Materials and Methods:The study consisted of chronic periodontitis patients (CP group) and healthy subjects (H group) with 120 samples in each group. RT-PCR was carried out by the SYBR Green assay to target 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid species-specific region of P. gingivalis. Standard strain of P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 was used as a control.Results:In the CP group, 79.16% samples were found positive for P. gingivalis, whereas 29.17% samples were positive in the H group. A significant difference was found when the prevalence was compared within males and females ( P < .001 for both). In the older age groups, we found a higher rate of detection of P. gingivalis. As analyzed by Spearman’s correlation test, the number of cells of P. gingivalis was significantly associated with probing depth ( P = .02) and clinical attachment level ( P = .01) in the CP group. The mean cell number of P. gingivalis was found to be increasing with increasing levels of probing depth and clinical attachment level ( P < .001 and P = .01, respectively).Conclusion:The present study reaffirms that the P. gingivalis microbe is significantly associated with the chronic periodontitis and that its level varies with the severity of the disease. Colonization of the bacterium is significantly associated with severe forms of the disease.

Periodontal disease is an oral inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth supporting periodontal tissues resulting in tooth loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen that plays a significant role in periodontitis. In previous studies, resveratrol has shown significant results by targeting inflammatory and adhesive markers. Virulence factors of P. gingivalis play an important role in the bacterial adhesion and colonization. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial activity of resveratrol and also study the effect of resveratrol on the expression of virulence factor genes of P. gingivalis using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity of resveratrol on P. gingivalis was carried out by broth microdilution assay and biofilm adhesion reduction-crystal violet assay, respectively. We carried out the gene expression analysis by RT-PCR with the P. gingivalis treated compound to analyze the change in the expression of virulence factors: fimbriae and gingipain. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of resveratrol against P. gingivalis and other clinical strains are in the range of 78.12-156.25 μg/mL. Resveratrol dose-dependently prevented the biofilm formation and also attenuated the virulence of P. gingivalis by reducing the expression of virulence factor genes such as fimbriae (type II and IV) and proteinases (kgp and rgpA). Resveratrol demonstrated superior anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity against P. gingivalis. There was significant reduction in the expression of fimbriae and gingipain with the resveratrol-treated compound. The results suggest that resveratrol, due to its multiple actions, may become a simple and inexpensive therapeutic strategy for treating periodontal disease.

The aim of this study was to identify and compare the presence ofA total of 300 subjects, 100 each with gingivitis, periodontitis and periodontally healthy gingiva subjected, were included. Subgingival plaque was collected and was cultured for phenotypic identification (microbial culture and biochemical test), and for genotypic identification, DNA extraction was done and PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to identify the genusOf 300 individuals

The micro-flora of oral cavity is a myriad of micro-organism. Any infection of oral cavity leads to diseased condition which is a transitional transformation of the micro-organism in a specific paradigm depending upon the diseased condition. Periodontitis is one of the predominant chronic diseases which is a multifactorial infection.The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence ofA total of 400 subjects were considered, and subgingival plaque was collected using paper points. Individual were equally divided into two groups: chronic periodontitis (200) and healthy individuals (200). Each plaque sample collected was divided into two aliquots of which the first aliquot was subjected for anerobic culture to isolateOut of 400 samples, 73% showed detection ofWhen we compared RT-PCR with culture RT-PCR showed higher positivity. RT-PCR is more sensitive and requires less time to detect. However, in the present study, culture also showed good positivity, suggesting proper dilution and with extended incubation, the specificity of culture can be improved to a great extent.

BACKGROUND Obesity is defined as a condition of possessing excessive body fat, which reduces life expectancy and accelerates ageing. According to WHO (2014), it was estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight out of which 600 million were obese. In India about 3% of male and 12.6% of the female population is obese. Obesity accelerates the rate by which telomeres shortens which is an indicator of cellular ageing. To date, no study has been conducted in India to assess the variation of various anthropometric factors using a questionnaire based on the subject’s physical activity and eating habits, and relating obesity with Telomere Length (TL). No one has done a similar study using saliva as a tool for studying TL. OBJECTIVE To assess the variation of various anthropometric factors using a questionnaire based on the subject’s physical activity and eating habits, and relating obesity with Telomere Length (TL) METHODS Young adults were randomly selected from different colleges of the city and their BMI, Waist to Hip Ratio was calculated. Individuals were then categorized as obese or non-obese based on their BMI and a questionnaire was given to each participant to assess their daily physical activity and eating habits. Saliva was collected from 77 participants and DNA was extracted. Following this, Real-time PCR(RT-PCR) was performed on these samples. Numerical outcomes were summarized as Mean ± Standard deviation and Chi square test was performed for associations. Data analysis of questionnaire was performed (using SPSS) and was correlated to calculated the telomere length. RESULTS After RT-PCR was done, Ct values were obtained for TELO and 36B4 for each sample and the relative telomere length was determined by calculating the relative ratio of telomere (T) and single copy gene (S) PCR products which is expressed as T/S. It was found that 30 males, among whom 18 were obese, shared an inverse relation with TL (p CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TL is negatively co-related to obesity. A significant variation of TL and obesity was observed in males (p

Telomere length is regarded as a potential biomarker of biological ageing and is associated with various age-related diseases, such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and cancer. As there is a paucity of study that deals with this influence, this study aimed to assess how the cardiovascular risk factors influence the risk of IHD by performing mediation analysis. A total of 407 males were included in the study. IHD was diagnosed through echocardiography and coronary angiography by determining the number of coronary vessels involved. Demographic data, clinical history, and laboratory investigations such as random blood sugar (RBS), fasting lipid profile, serum creatinine, and serum urea levels of all the subjects were measured and recorded. Serum uric acid and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were significantly higher in IHD subjects compared to non-IHD subjects (P < 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), RBS, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, BUN, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and telomere length significantly differed between subjects with and without IHD (P < 0.05). Further, telomere length (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and total cholesterol level (P < 0.001) were risk factors that significantly affected the incidence of IHD, as proved by logistic regression. It indicates that shorter telomeres contribute to increased risk of IHD, influenced by BMI, HbA1c, BUN, total cholesterol levels, and RBS (P < 0.001). The study established a link between telomere shortening, conventional risk factors, and IHD; moreover, the study takes care in the role of mediation analysis which is a novel idea as little is done in this area of biostatistics with telomere length. Overall, this further establishes that telomeres length might serve as the promising biomarkers in predicting the risk of IHD.

Melanoma is the most deadly and life-threatening form of skin cancer with progressively higher rates of incidence worldwide. The objective of the present investigation is to develop and to statisti...

Objective: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) belong to a subpopulation of undifferentiated cells present within tumors that have the potential to regenerate, differentiate, maintenance of pluripotency, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity when transplanted into an innate host. These can influence the growth and behavior of these tumors and are used to investigate the initiation, progression, and treatment strategies of laryngeal cancer. Research on CSC science and targeted therapies were hinge on their isolation and/or enrichment procedures. The object of the study is to isolate cancer stem cells from primary laryngeal carcinoma (CSCPLC) by tumor spheres enrichment. We checked the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Materials and Methods: We performed tumor sphere formation assay (primary, secondary, and tertiary) chemotherapy resistance by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were performed to evaluate the CSC cells. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+, CD44+) and gene expression of stem cell markers for CD133+, CD44+, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG was done using the real-time polymerase chain reaction technique. Results: We were able to isolated CSC subpopulations from PLC cell lines by the tumor sphere method. These cells exhibited good primary, secondary, and tertiary tumor sphere formation efficiency and also disclosed a resistant index of more than 2. Immunofluorescence for stem cell markers (CD133+ and CD44+) confirms the presence of CSC. There was significantly higher mRNA expression of stem cell markers in CSC enriched subpopulations compared to the parental cell lines. Conclusion: We conclude that tumor spheres enrichment is an efficient, economical, and reliable approach for the isolation and characterization of CSC from PLC cell lines. These cells demonstrated the properties of self-renewal, stemness, clonogenicity, and chemotherapeutic resistance.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is regarded as a &ldquo, keystone pathogen&rdquo, in periodontitis. The fimbria assists in the initial attachment, biofilm organization, and bacterial adhesion leading to the invasion and colonization of host epithelial cells. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of fimA genotypes in patients with chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals in the Indian population, and to study their association with the number of P. gingivalis cells obtained in subgingival plaque samples of these subjects. The study comprised 95 samples from the chronic periodontitis (CP) group and 35 samples from the healthy (H) group, which were detected positive for P. gingivalis in our previous study. Fimbrial genotyping was done by PCR and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The fimA type II was more prevalent in the CP group (55.89%), followed by type IV (30.52%), whereas in the H group, type I was the most prevalent fimbria (51.42%). The quantity of P. gingivalis cells increased with the presence of fimA types II and III. Our results suggest a strong relationship between fimA types II and IV and periodontitis, and between type I and the healthy condition. The colonization of organisms was increased with the occurrence of type II in deep periodontal sites, which could play an important role in the progression of the disease.

Two Iridium(III) complexes [Ir(ppy)2((mqmaq)]+ (1) and [Ir(bhq)2((mqmaq)]+ (2) {ppy=2-phenylpyridine, bhq= benzo[h]quinoline, mqmaq=2-methyl-3-{(E)-[(quinolin-2-yl)methylidene]amino}quinazolin-4(3H)-one} have been designed, synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 2 has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. The experimentally obtained results of photophysical properties of complexes 1 and 2 well agree with the theoretically calculated results acquired by density functional theory (DFT) studies. The HOMO of complexes 1 and 2 are delimited on the iridium and cyclometalated aromatic ligands, while LUMO, is localized on quinoline-based mqmaq ligand whereas LUMO+1, and LUMO+2 are primarily restricted on cyclometalated ligands. The interaction of complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated by absorption titration and emission titration experiments. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity and cellular localization properties of these complexes towards HeLa cells have been investigated.

The mechanisms of interaction of inorganic complexes with DNA are important in the design and development of new metal-based drug molecules. The limitations of cis-platin have encouraged the design and development of new metal-based target-specific anticancer drugs having reduced side effects. The complex cis-dichloridobis(1,2,5-thiadiazolo[3,4-f][1,10]phenanthroline-κ2 N 1,N 10)copper(II), [CuCl2(C12H6N4S)2], has been synthesized and characterized. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The covalent binding of the complex with DNA was studied by absorption spectroscopy. The anticancer activity of the complex on the Human Lung Carcinoma (A549) cell line was investigated by MTT assay. The complex exhibits higher toxicity than cis-platin and induces an apoptotic mode of cell death.

Iridium(III) complexes containing quinoline-appended polypyridyl ligands [Ir(ppy)2(qip)]+ (1) and [Ir(bhq)2(qip)]+ (2) {ppy = 2-phenylpyridine, bhq = benzo[h]quinoline, Qip = 2(1H)-quinolinone-3(1H)-imidazo[4,5f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl} have been synthesized and characterized. The structure of complex 2 has been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The experimental photophysical properties of the complexes have been compared with the theoretically obtained results by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) studies. The HOMO of the complexes is mainly localized on the iridium atom while the LUMO is mainly localized on the proximal position of the N–N donor polypyridyl ligand and the LUMO+1 is localized on the distal portion of the N–N donor polypyridyl ligand. The binding of complexes to double-stranded calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay of plasmid DNA in the presence of complexes shows DNA aggregation at micro-molar concentration. These complexes have low toxicity and their strong intracellular luminescence highlights their potential as theragnostic agents.

Motivation/Background: Red complex bacteria are proven periodontal pathogens. In dentistry, there is a need to identify and quantitate the organisms from the diseased sites quickly and reliably. Since culture requires several days, molecular methods are being used frequently to detect these bacteria. Among them, Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) is rapid, sensitive and quantitative. An attempt is made here to evaluate the applicability of this technique as a diagnostic tool in periodontology. Method: Subgingival plaque was collected from participants, fixed with paraformaldehyde and subjected to FISH. Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes were used for hybridization. After the procedure, the fluorescently stained bacteria were identified and counted from the smear and quantitated using a simple grading. Results: There was a significant difference in the prevalence and numbers of red complex bacteria in healthy and diseased subjects. A strong linear relationship existed between P. gingivalis, T. forsythia and T. denticola. Conclusions: The procedure used in the study is simple, rapid and can be easily adaptable. It also has a high sensitivity and has the ability to detect a single bacterial cell. The method can be directly applied to the clinical samples and can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in periodontics..

The current paper deals with 8-hydroxyquinoline derived p-halo N4-phenyl substituted thiosemicarbazones, their crystal structures, spectral characterization and in vitro cytotoxic studies of Co(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The molecular structures of the ligands, (E)-4-(4-halophenyl)-1-((8-hydroxyquinoline-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazones (halo = fluoro/chloro/bromo) are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal structures reveal that the ligands are non-planar and exist in their thioamide tautomeric forms. The various physicochemical investigations of the synthesized complexes reveal metal to ligand stoichiometry to be 1:2 in Co(III) complexes whereas 1:1 in Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes. The ligands coordinate in a tridentate NNS fashion around Co(III) centers to form an octahedral geometry and square planar geometry around Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal centers. The oxidation of Co(II) to Co(III) is observed on complexation. The synthesized compounds are subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity studies. When compared to bare ligands, the complexes show enhancement of the antiproliferative activity against MCF-7, breast cancer cell lines. The Co(III) complexes of fluoro and bromo derivatives of ligands have displayed remarkable results with roughly two fold increase in their activity in correlation to the standard drug, Paclitaxel. Moreover, the fluorescence microscopy images of cells stained with acridine orange-ethidium bromide suggest an apoptotic mode of cell death.

Folic acid (FA) and iron are essential supplements during pregnancy. Similarly effects of vitamin B12 (B12) inadequacy and high folate and low B12 status, on pregnancy outcome are available. However there are no mandatory recommendations for B12. There are many forms of B12 viz. Cyanocobalamin (Cbl), Methylcobalamin (MeCbl), Adenosylcobalamin (AdCbl), and Hydroxycobalamin (HCbl) though there is limited consensus on which form has better efficacy. In the present study we have determined effect of various forms of B12 in the presence of two FA concentrations namely normal physiological (20ng/mL; NPFA) and supra-physiological (2000ng/mL; SPFA) concentration to mimic real time situation where FA is in excess due to supplementation. We assessed trophoblastic proliferation, viability, TNFα and EGFr mRNA expression, homocysteine, β-hCG and MDA levels. Trophoblastic viability was significantly suppressed at SPFA concentration and was restored by B12 treatment with Cbl, AdCbl and combination of MeCbl+AdCbl. The mRNA expressions of TNFα were up-regulated, while EGFr were down-regulated at SPFA concentrations, as validated by RT-PCR. Treatment with MeCbl+AdCbl significantly decreased homocysteine and MDA levels at SPFA concentrations. High levels of FA alone had a detrimental effect on placental health and functions as reflected by decreased viability, EGFr expression and increased TNFα expression, homocysteine and MDA levels. Combination of B12 active forms i.e. MeCbl+AdCbl was found to be most effective in neutralising excess folate effect in-vitro.

A solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI) is a rare anomaly that can occur alone or be associated with other systemic abnormalities. Early diagnosis of SMMCI is crucial as it might indicate the presence of an associated congenital or developmental abnormality. The prevalence of live-born children with SMMCI is determined to be 1:50,000 and is more common among females. The purpose of this paper was to report an unusual case of a 9-year-old girl with SMMCI who had no growth deficiency or any other systemic involvement. Since pediatricians and dentists are the first professionals to evaluate an SMMCI's patient in most cases, it is important that they be aware of the possibility of other related systemic problems that require systemic care. Appropriate treatment, diagnosis, and referral should also include neuropediatric evaluation, genetic testing, and craniofacial profile analysis along with multidisciplinary approach.

Melanoma is the most deadly and life-threatening form of skin cancer with progressively higher rates of incidence worldwide. The objective of the present investigation is to develop and to statistically optimize and characterize curcumin (CUR) loaded ethosomes for treatment of melanoma. A two factor, three level (3

Background: Recent investigations have shown the possible involvement of bacteria other than mutans group and Lactobacilli in the etiology of caries. Molecular methods have been used to study the microbial diversity in caries-active (CA) and caries-free (CF) children. Among them, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is more popular and has been used in the present study. Aims: The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference in bacterial diversity in saliva and plaque samples from CF and CA children using DGGE. Materials and Methods: The study involved saliva and plaque samples from 56 children of which 28 were CF, 20 with CA, and 8 with white spot lesions (WSP). DNA was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification with universal primers. It was then run in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with gradients of urea and formamide and stained with SYBR green. Multiple bands were produced in each sample lane and each band represents one organism. Statistical Analysis: A dendrogram was generated using Phoretix software and similarity index was calculated using a specific formula. Results: Samples in each group formed several clusters indicating a specific pattern of the bacterial profile. Similarity coefficient was calculated based on the number of bands, intensity, and location. The diversity was less in the saliva and plaque samples of CA group as compared to those of CF and WSP groups. Conclusions: DGGE can be used to study distinctive bacterial profiles in healthy and caries-affected sites. DGGE can be further developed as a pattern recognition tool with which to identify specific groups of bacteria. Saliva may be used to study bacterial diversity in dental caries.

Introduction: Capnocytophaga species are recognized as part of human oral microbiota and implicated as periodontal pathogens associated with various periodontal diseases. The three original Capnocytophaga species - Capnocytophaga ochracea, Capnocytophaga sputigena and Capnocytophaga gingivalis were initially isolated from periodontitis in adults, but subsequent studies demonstrated their presence also at periodontally healthy sites in both children and adults. Their association with periodontal disease is a matter of controversy. Considering the differing virulence features of the respective isolate, it is crucial to identify these isolates to species level. Aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Capnocytophaga species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through restriction fragment length polymorphism in healthy individuals and patients with periodontal disease. Material and Methods: The study included a total of 300 individuals, 100 each with Gingivitis, Chronic periodontitis, and Healthy individuals. The plaque samples were collected using sterile curette in reduced transport fluid. DNA extraction was carried out for PCR analysis. Results: Of 300 individuals, Capnocytophaga species were identified from 237 (79%) participants in all groups. The prevalence was statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. The prevalence was more in males in gingivitis and healthy individuals (42% and 49% respectively), and females in periodontitis (40%). C. ochracea was observed in a higher proportion (36.33%), followed by C. granulosa (32.66%) and C. gingivalis (10%). They were identified more in the age group of 30–40 years in gingivitis and periodontitis, (30 and 21 individuals, respectively) and 39 individuals in 18–29 years in healthy individuals. They were present in 87% in healthy individuals, 77% in gingivitis and 73% in periodontitis. Conclusion: Capnocytophaga species are commonly present in healthy individuals and may be associated with periodontal disease. There is a need for further study to know the prevalence of other species of Capnocytophaga in health and disease.