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1. Tuning the Electronic Properties of LAO/STO Interfaces by Irradiating LAO Surface with Low-Energy Cluster Ion Beams

Author

Ridier, Karl, Aureau, Damien, Bérini, Bruno, Dumont, Yves, Keller, Niels, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, and Fouchet, Arnaud

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We have investigated the effects of low-energy ion beam irradiations using argon clusters on the chemical and electronic properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterointerfaces by combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical transport measurements. Due to its unique features, we show that a short-time cluster ion irradiation of the LAO surface induces indirect modifications in the chemical properties of the buried STO substrate, with (1) a lowering of Ti atoms oxidation states (from Ti4+ to Ti3+ and Ti2+) correlated to the formation of oxygen vacancies at the LAO surface and (2) the creation of new surface states for Sr atoms. Contrary to what is observed by using higher energy ion beam techniques, this leads to an increase of the electrical conductivity at the LAO/STO interface. Our XPS data clearly reveal the existence of dynamical processes on the titanium and strontium atoms, which compete with the effect of the cluster ion beam irradiation. These relaxation effects are in part attributed to the diffusion of the ion-induced oxygen vacancies in the entire heterostructure, since an increase of the interfacial metallicity is also evidenced far from the irradiated area. These results demonstrate that a local perturbation of the LAO surface can induce new properties at the interface and in the entire heterostructure. This study highlights the possibility of tuning the electronic properties of LAO/STO interfaces by surface engineering, confirming experimentally the intimate connection between LAO surface chemistry and electronic properties of LAO/STO interfaces., Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures

Published
2017
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6. XPS profiling study of Al2O3 passivation layers for high efficiency n-PERT and PERC solar cells

Author

Béchu, Solène, Loubat, Anais, Bouttemy, Muriel, Marot, Yves, Blévin, Thomas, Langlois, Jonathan, Zauner, Andy, Frégnaux, Mathieu, Aureau, Damien, Vigneron, Jackie, Uhlig, Peter, Pouliquen, Sylvain, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (UMR) (IPVF), École polytechnique (X)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-TOTAL FINA ELF-EDF (EDF)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Photovoltaïque d’Ile-de-France (ITE) (IPVF)-Air Liquide [Siège Social], Centre de Recherche Claude Delorme [Jouy-en-Josas] (CRCD), Air Liquide [Siège Social], Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
[CHIM]Chemical Sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

7. Tuning the electronic properties of LaAlO 3 / SrTiO 3 interfaces by irradiating the LaAlO 3 surface with low-energy cluster ion beams

Author

Ridier, Karl, Aureau, Damien, Berini, Bruno, Dumont, Yves, Keller, Niels, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Domengès, Bernadette, Fouchet, Arnaud, Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and NXP Semiconductors

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Electronic structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Surface & interfacial phenomena, Electrical conductivity, Oxides, Irradiation effects, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract

International audience; We have investigated the effects of low-energy ion beam irradiations using argon clusters on the chemical and electronic properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) heterointerfaces by combining x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrical transport measurements. Due to its unique features, we demonstrate that a short-time cluster ion irradiation of the LAO surface induces significant modifications in the chemical properties of the buried STO substrate with (1) a lowering of Ti atoms oxidation states (from Ti4+ to Ti3+ and Ti2+) correlated to the formation of oxygen vacancies at the LAO surface and (2) the creation of new surface states for Sr atoms. Contrary to what is generally observed by using higher energy ion beam techniques, this leads to an increase of the electrical conductivity at the LAO/STO interface. Our XPS data clearly reveal the existence of dynamical processes on the titanium and strontium atoms, which compete with the effect of the cluster ion beam irradiation. These relaxation effects are in part attributed to the diffusion of the ion-induced oxygen vacancies in the entire heterostructure since an increase of the interfacial metallicity is also evidenced far from the irradiated area. This paper highlights the possibility of tuning the electrical properties of LAO/STO interfaces by surface engineering, confirming experimentally the intimate connection between LAO chemistry and electronic properties of LAO/STO interfaces.

Published
2018

10. Cross-characterization methods to obtain an “absolute” quantification of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 in-depth and at the surface

Author

Bechu, Solene, primary, Marciano, Jocelyne, additional, Chapon, Patrick, additional, Etcheberry, Arnaud, additional, Bouttemy, Muriel, additional, Loubat, Anais, additional, Vigneron, Jackie, additional, Aureau, Damien, additional, Fregnaux, Mathieu, additional, Theys, Bertrand, additional, Jomard, Francois, additional, and Gaiaschi, Sofia, additional

Published
2019
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14. Evolution of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surfaces under water immersion monitored by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Author

Béchu, Solène, Bouttemy, Muriel, Vigneron, Jackie, Lincot, Daniel, Guillemoles, Jean‐François, and Etcheberry, Arnaud

Subjects
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, WATER immersion, PHOTOEMISSION, PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy, EMISSION spectroscopy, WATER, DEIONIZATION of water
Abstract

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorbers were immerged in deionized water for different times, and specific chemical evolutions were monitored thanks to X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. Cu(In,Ga)Se2 related dissolution products were studied in water through induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. From those analyses, specific surface network disorganization was observed, with Cu migration towards the surface, leading to different kinetics of oxidation and dissolution for each element that could be quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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17. XPS profiling study of Al2O3 passivation layers for high efficiency n-PERT and PERC solar cells

Author

Bechu, Solene, primary, Loubat, Anais, additional, Bouttemy, Muriel, additional, Marot, Yves, additional, Blevin, Thomas, additional, Langlois, Jonathan, additional, Zauner, Andy, additional, Fregnaux, Mathieu, additional, Aureau, Damien, additional, Vigneron, Jackie, additional, Uhlig, Peter, additional, Pouliquen, Sylvain, additional, and Etcheberry, Arnaud, additional

Published
2018
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18. Coupling GD-OES and XPS profiling to perform advanced physico-chemical characterizations of III-V layers for photovoltaic applications

Author

Loubat, Anais, primary, Bechu, Solene, additional, Bouttemy, Muriel, additional, Eypert, Celine, additional, Gaiaschi, Sofia, additional, Fregnaux, Mathieu, additional, Aureau, Damien, additional, Vigneron, Jackie, additional, Simon, Nathalie, additional, Chapon, Patrick, additional, Goncalves, Anne-Marie, additional, and Etcheberry, Arnaud, additional

Published
2018
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24. Aerosol chemistry in Titan's ionosphere: simultaneous growth and etching processes

Author

Carrasco, Nathalie, Cernogora, Guy, Jomard, François, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Vigneron, Jackie, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract

International audience; Since the Cassini-CAPS measurements, organic aerosols are known to be present and formed at high altitudes in the diluted and partially ionized medium that is Titan's ionosphere [1]. This unexpected chemistry can be further investigated in the laboratory with plasma experiments simulating the complex ion-neutral chemistry starting from N2-CH4 [2]. Two sorts of solid organic samples can be produced in laboratory experiments simulating Titan's atmospheric reactivity: grains in the volume and thin films on the reactor walls. We expect that grains are more representative of Titan's atmospheric aerosols, but films are used to provide optical indices for radiative models of Titan's atmosphere.The aim of the present study is to address if these two sorts of analogues are chemically equivalent or not, when produced in the same N2-CH4 plasma discharge. The chemical compositions of both these materials are measured by using elemental analysis, XPS analysis and Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. We find that films are homogeneous but significantly less rich in nitrogen and hydrogen than grains produced in the same experimental conditions. This surprising difference in their chemical compositions is explained by the efficient etching occurring on the films, which stay in the discharge during the whole plasma duration, whereas the grains are ejected after a few minutes [3]. The impact for our understanding of Titan's aerosols chemical composition is important. Our study shows that chemical growth and etching process are simultaneously at stake in Titan's ionosphere. The more the aerosols stay in the ionosphere, the more graphitized they get through etching process. In order to infer Titan's aerosols composition, our work highlights a need for constraints on the residence time of aerosols in Titan's ionosphere. [1] Waite et al. (2009) Science , 316, p. 870[2] Szopa et al. (2006) PSS, 54, p. 394[3] Carrasco et al. (2016) PSS, 128, p. 52

Published
2016

26. Cu depletion on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surfaces investigated by chemical engineering: An x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy approach.

Author

Loubat, Anais, Béchu, Solène, Bouttemy, Muriel, Vigneron, Jackie, Lincot, Daniel, Guillemoles, Jean-François, and Etcheberry, Arnaud

Subjects
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, CHEMICAL engineering, COPPER-zinc alloys, SURFACE chemistry, GLASS, PHOTOVOLTAIC cells, SOLAR cells
Abstract

Photovoltaic cells based on CIGS [Cu(In,Ga)Se2] absorber technology are among the most efficient thin film solar cells and already an industrial reality. Room for improvement is still possible in the manufacturing process to approach the theoretical ultimate efficiency. This not only requires an optimal absorber material but also the control of the CIGS interface chemistry, especially at the front side with the buffer layer which represents one of the main challenges. In this paper, thanks to x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the CIGS surface chemical composition is studied after acid (HCl) and basic (KCN) samples dipping. Both are regularly employed to prepare CIGS surfaces. XPS monitoring of the surface composition evolution under air aging at an ambient atmosphere and over a period of 120 days is presented, bringing fundamental information about the surface oxidation trends. If the HCl treatment gives a remarkable deoxidation state for the CIGS surface, it also yields a slightly Se enriched surface indicating the presence of a Cu2–xSe binary side phase, which is totally removed, as expected, by the KCN process. The present comparative study based on intentional air aging of starting HCl and KCN treated surfaces sheds light on the reorganization mechanism of this I-III-VI quaternary compound toward oxidation of clean CIGS surfaces, in ambient conditions. The oxidation process occurs concomitantly with an Na migration toward the surface, with soda-lime glass at the back contact, acting as a nonlimiting supply, asking the question of a surface mechanistic correlation during the CIGS surface oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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27. Direct Writing on Copper Ion Doped Silica Films by Electrogeneration of Metallic Microstructures

Author

Kandory, Ahmed, Cattey, Hélène, Saviot, Lucien, Gharbi, Tijani, Vigneron, Jackie, Frégnaux, Mathieu, Etcheberry, Arnaud, and Herlem, Guillaume

Abstract

A facile and rapid localized electrochemical reduction of colloid copper particles is proposed using the scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) technique. In this purpose, thin films of composite silica glass containing copper salts were prepared by the sol–gel method via the dip coating technique. Acid-catalyzed tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS) solutions charged with copper nitrate were used as precursors. This one-pot experiment can be performed in mild conditions. The localized generation of copper metallic nanostructures on the silica film has been performed by electroreduction of methyl viologen on an ultramicroelectrode (UME). The UME generates reducing species, which in turn diffuse toward the silica matrix and reduce the metal ions. The diameter of the working electrode and the electrolysis period were taken into account to study the size of the generated dotted micropatterns. The compositions of the modified silica films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and vibrational (IR-ATR and Raman) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies (XPS).

Published
2024
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28. XPS chemical analysis of tholins: the oxygen contamination

Author

Carrasco, Nathalie, Jomard, François, Vigneron, Jackie, Cernogora, Guy, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Hazes, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Clouds, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Titan, Astrobiology, Planetary atmospheres
Abstract

In Titan's atmosphere, solid organic aerosols are initiated in the upper atmosphere by the photo-dissociation and photo-ionization of N2 and CH4. In order to simulate this complex chemistry several experimental setups have been built, among them plasma experiments. The aerosol analogues produced in such plasma discharges contain oxygen, as a few percents of the elemental composition, despite the absence of oxygen source in the reactive medium [1]. The present study aims at studying the origin of such systematic oxygen incorporation in tholins. A low pressure (0.9mbar) RF CCP discharge is used described in [2]. Gas mixtures of N2 and CH4 (from 1 to 10% of CH4) are injected continuously. The plasma discharge leads to the production of analogues of Titan's atmospheric aerosols: both as grains in the volume [1] and as thin films on the surface of the reactor [3]. SiO2 substrates of 1cm diameter and 1mm thickness are placed on the grounded electrode of the discharge. Organic films are deposited during 2 hours in order to have films thickness less than 1μm. After the two hours, samples are recovered at ambient air for ex-situ analysis. Two complementary analyses are performed to analyse the thin film chemical composition: XPS and SIMS, in order to probe both the surface and depth profile. References [1] Sciamma-O'brien E., Carrasco N., Szopa C., Buch A., Cernogora G. Icarus 209, 2 (2010) 704-714 [2] Alcouffe G., Cavarroc M., Cernogora G., Ouni F., Jolly A., Boufendi L., Szopa C. Plasma Sources Science and Technology 19, 1 (2010) 015008 (11pp) [3] Mahjoub A., Carrasco N., Dahoo P.-R., Gautier T., Szopa C., Cernogora G. Icarus 221, 2 (2012) 670-677.

Published
2013

32. Cross strategy of surface and volume characterizations of chalcogenides thin films: Practical case of CIGS absorbers

Author

Loubat, Anais, primary, Mollica, Fabien, additional, Eypert, Celine, additional, Bouttemy, Muriel, additional, Aureau, Damien, additional, Vigneron, Jackie, additional, Gaiaschi, Sofia, additional, Naghavi, Negar, additional, Jubault, Marie, additional, Donsanti, Frederique, additional, Chapon, Patrick, additional, Lincot, Daniel, additional, and Etcheberry, Arnaud, additional

Published
2016
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33. Ionic Bombardment to Tune the Electrochemical Properties of a Semiconductor

Author

Aureau, Damien, Fregnaux, Mathieu, Bouttemy, Muriel, Vigneron, Jackie, Simon, Nathalie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, and Goncalves, Marie

Abstract

The effects of gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) are studied on indium phosphide electrode thanks to the correlation between X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Such approach allows determining the overall change in the properties (electrical, chemical, structural) of the III-V semiconductor induced by argon ion bombardments. A better control of these modifications can be achieved. For instance, metallization can be observed in Ultra-High vacuum by the shift of the Fermi level seen in the valence band region and in solution by the narrowing of the depletion region and the flattening of the Mott-Schottky plots. Furthermore, anodic dissolution is performed as it represents an efficient way to recover the initial characteristics of the semiconductor.

Published
2019

39. Fast Chemical Bath Deposition Process at Room Temperature of ZnS-Based Materials for Buffer Application in High-Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Solar Cells

Author

Hildebrandt, Thibaud, Kozolinsky, Margot, Loones, Nicolas, Bouttemy, Muriel, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Lincot, Daniel, Donsanti, Frederique, and Naghavi, Negar

Abstract

Chemical bath deposited (CBD) Zn(S,O) remains one of the most studied Cd-free buffer layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 -based (CIGSe) solar cells and has already been implemented at the industrial level for high-efficiency solar cells and modules. Exploring further routes of improvement is demanded and needed. One of the key routes is related to the high reactant concentration and high deposition temperature used for CBD-Zn(S,O). In this paper, we present a new family of reactants, based on hydroxylamine, presenting a high nucleophilic power and reactivity toward thiourea. We will show that the addition of these reactants allows to divide the concentration of thiourea by 3 and to perform Zn(S,O) deposition at room temperature. Efficiencies similar or even higher than the classical CBD cadmium sulfide are obtained due to higher Jsc and FF of the CIGSe-based solar cells. Growth mechanism and impact of hydroxylamine on the composition of the Zn(S,O) and cell performances will be discussed.

Published
2018
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41. XPS Analysis of Porous Silicon

Author

Aureau, Damien, primary, Bouttemy, Muriel, additional, Vigneron, Jackie, additional, Chazalviel, Jean-Noël, additional, Ozanam, François, additional, and Etcheberry, Arnaud, additional

Published
2013
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45. Enhanced Depth Profiling of Perovskite Oxide: Low Defect Levels Induced in SrTiO3by Argon Cluster Sputtering

Author

Ridier, Karl, Aureau, Damien, Bérini, Bruno, Dumont, Yves, Keller, Niels, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, and Fouchet, Arnaud

Abstract

We have studied the influence of the argon cluster ion sputtering technique in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth-profiling analysis of a strontium titanate SrTiO3(STO) substrate, chosen as a prototype perovskite-type oxide material. Unlike “standard” sputtering technique using monatomic ions, a gentle digging through STO (without inducing a large amount of defects) has been evidenced. Several improvements are evidenced by using this low-energy abrasion process: (i) the absence of argon implantation, (ii) the creation of very few oxygen vacancies which lead in the classical way to the lowering of oxidation states of titanium and the appearance of in-gap electronic states, and (iii) the preservation of the cationic stoichiometry. In addition, electrical measurements confirm that no metal–insulator transition is evidenced using the cluster ion source, unlike the case of the monatomic ion etching. Furthermore, for the latter case, a relaxation effect of the Ar+ion induced electronic properties has been evidenced by combining XPS and transport measurements. Due to its unique depth-profiling features, the cluster ion sputtering technique offers new insights in the chemical and physical analysis of sensitive oxide surfaces and buried interfaces as in oxide heterostructures and superlattices.

Published
2016
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47. Toward a Better Understanding of the Use of Additives in Zn(S,O) Deposition Bath for High-Efficiency Cu(In,Ga)Se2-Based Solar Cells

Author

Hildebrandt, Thibaud, Loones, Nicolas, Bouttemy, Muriel, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Lincot, Daniel, and Naghavi, Negar

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the impact of the use of peroxide during the chemical bath deposition (CBD) of Zn(S,O) buffer layer on its deposition rate and on the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)/CBD Zn(S,O)-based solar cells. For that, the effect of two peroxides have been compared: H2O2 and (NH4)2S2O8. Based on in-situ quartz μ-balance analyses, it has been shown that while it is necessary to introduce an important concentration of H2O2 (at least 0.11 M) to accelerate the deposition rate of Zn(S,O) layers, only 10-3 M of S2O82- is enough to improve highly its deposition rate. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses have shown that the introduction of H2O2 in Zn(S,O) deposition bath leads to an oxidation of the CIGSe surface, which is not the case when persuflate or peroxodisulfate is used in very low concentration. Based on electrical characterization of CIGSe/CBD Zn(S,O)-based solar cells, it appears that the use of persulfate allows not only a decrease in metastable behavior of solar cells, which is generally observed with hydrogen peroxide, but the outperfomance of CdS-buffered reference cells as well.

Published
2015
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48. Modification of TiO2 by bimetallic Au–Cu nanoparticles for wastewater treatment.

Author

Hai, Zibin, El Kolli, Nadia, Uribe, Daniel Bahena, Beaunier, Patricia, José-Yacaman, Miguel, Vigneron, Jackie, Etcheberry, Arnaud, Sorgues, Sébastien, Colbeau-Justin, Christophe, Chen, Jiafu, and Remita, Hynd

Abstract

Au, Cu and bimetallic Au–Cu nanoparticles were synthesized on the surface of commercial TiO2 compounds (P25) by reduction of the metal precursors with tetrakis(hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride (THPC) (0.5% in weight). The alloyed structure of Au–Cu NPs was confirmed by HAADF-STEM, EDS, HRTEM and XPS techniques. The photocatalytic properties of the modified TiO2 have been studied for phenol photodegradation in aqueous suspensions under UV-visible irradiation. The modification by the metal nanoparticles induces an increase in the photocatalytic activity. The highest photocatalytic activity is obtained with Au–Cu/TiO2 (Au–Cu 1 : 3). Their electronic properties have been studied by time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements to follow the charge-carrier dynamics. TRMC measurements show that the TiO2 modification with Au, Cu and Au–Cu nanoparticles plays a role in charge-carrier separations increasing the activity under UV-light. Indeed, the metal nanoparticles act as a sink for electrons, decreasing the charge carrier recombination. The TRMC measurements also show that the bimetallic Au–Cu nanoparticles are more efficient in electron scavenging than the monometallic Au and Cu ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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49. Impact of the Applied Potential on the Copper Nucleation

Author

Delbos, Elise, Belghiti, Hanane El, Mercier, Dimitri, Vigneron, Jackie, Bouttemy, Muriel, and Etcheberry, Arnaud

Abstract

In this work, we propose an alternative way to produce thin film solar cells (CIGS or CZTS) using an electrodeposition process presenting the advantage to be less constraining and cheaper than CVD or PVD processes. The first technologic key point consists in the deposition of a thin (~100 nm), uniform and adherent copper layer on the initial molybdenum substrate. This conductive copper layer is then used as a support for a multi-stack plating. Results concerning the study of the copper nucleation mechanism have been presented in a previous paper (1). In the present research work, the influence of the applied potential on the copper nucleation will be highlighted. Combining electrochemical analyses, SEM-FEG (Scanning Electron Microscopy - Field Emission Gun) imaging and nano-Auger measurements, an optimized range of potential is defined.

Published
2013

50. Study of the Copper Electrodeposition Mechanism on Molybdenum Substrate

Author

Delbos, Elise, Belghiti, Hanane El, Mercier, Dimitri, Vigneron, Jackie, Bouttemy, Muriel, and Etcheberry, Arnaud

Abstract

Molybdenum substrates are mainly used for photovoltaic applications, and specifically as support for absorber deposition, for thin film solar cells. For these applications, one of the technologic key points is the electrodeposition of a copper layer. Furthermore, in the microelectronic domain, OMG Ultra Pure Chemicals (UPC) has developed a specific chemistry (OMniCuTM chemistry), enhanced by organic additives, dedicated to the copper electrodeposition on copper substrates (Damascene and Through Silicon Vias applications) (1,2). The aim of this article is to determine the efficiency of this commercial chemistry to coat a homogeneous, uniform, hiding and adherent copper layer on molybdenum substrates, with a monitoring thickness, lower than 100nm.

Published
2013

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