34 results on '"Vignelles, Damien"'
Search Results
2. Fog Analysis during SOFOG3D Experiment
- Author
-
Vishwakarma, Pragya, primary, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Le Gac, Christophe, additional, Bertrand, Fabrice, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Martinet, Pauline, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Lac, Christine, additional, Bell, Alistair, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Toledo, Felipe, additional, Jorquera, Susana, additional, and Vinson, Jean-Paul, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Origins and Spatial Distribution of Non-Pure Sulfate Particles (NSPs) in the Stratosphere Detected by the Balloon-Borne Light Optical Aerosols Counter (LOAC)
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, additional, Beresnev, Sergey, additional, Miffre, Alain, additional, Rairoux, Patrick, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, and Jégou, Fabrice, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Characterization and Corrections of Relative Humidity Measurement from Meteomodem M10 Radiosondes at Midlatitude Stations
- Author
-
Dupont, Jean-Charles, primary, Haeffelin, Martial, additional, Badosa, Jordi, additional, Clain, Gaelle, additional, Raux, Christophe, additional, and Vignelles, Damien, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Vertical distribution of aerosols in dust storms during the Arctic winter
- Author
-
Dagsson Waldhauserova, Pavla, primary, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Olafsson, Haraldur, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, and Duverger, Vincent, additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The complex origin and spatial distribution of non-pure sulfate particles (NSPs) in the stratosphere
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, additional, Beresnev, Sergey, additional, Miffre, Alain, additional, Rairoux, Patrick, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, and Jégou, Fabrice, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Zodiacal light observations and its link with cosmic dust: A review
- Author
-
Rairoux, Patrick, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Lasue, Jeremie, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Laboratoire de physique et chimie de l'environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), UMR 7328 CNRS/Université d'Orléans, Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Programme National de Planetologie (PNP) of CNRS/INSU, co-funded by CNES., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
- Subjects
Solar System ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Comet ,brightness ,[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Interplanetary dust cloud ,Planet ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Cosmic dust ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,cometary dust ,Physics ,polarization ,Zodiacal light ,Ecliptic ,Astronomy ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,thermal emission ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,13. Climate action ,Space and Planetary Science ,Physics::Space Physics ,interplanetary dust ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Interplanetary spaceflight ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
The zodiacal light is a night-glow mostly visible along the plane of the ecliptic. It represents the background radiation associated with solar light scattered by the tenuous flattened interplanetary cloud of dust particles surrounding the Sun and the planets. It is an interesting subject of study, as the source of the micrometeoroids falling on Earth, as a link to the activity of the small bodies of the Solar System, but also as a foreground that veils the low brightness extrasolar astronomical light sources. In this review, we summarize the zodiacal light observations that have been done from the ground and from space in brightness and polarization at various wavelength ranges. Local properties of the interplanetary dust particles in some given locations can be retrieved from the inversion of the zodiacal light integrated along the light-of-sight. We show that the current community consensus favors that the majority of the interplanetary dust particles detected at 1 au originate from the activity of comets. Our current understanding of the interplanetary dust particles properties is then discussed in the context of the recent results from the Rosetta rendezvous space mission with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko., Accepted for publication in Planetary and Space Science
- Published
- 2020
8. Observation of a very large and persistent mode of desert dust in African air masses transported over the Mediterranean Sea with drifting balloons
- Author
-
Dulac, François, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Durand, Pierre, Denjean, Cyrielle, Bourgeois, Quentin, Vignelles, Damien, Jeannot, Matthieu, Mallet, Marc, Verdier, Nicolas, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
- Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; The objective of this study was to document in situ the particle size distribution of desert dust particles during their long-range transport in the free troposphere, with a particular focus on the coarse size fraction that dominates the mass flux. The basic idea was to deploy a specifically designed optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer) under drifting balloons in order to minimize isokinetic sampling problems. Boundary-layer pressurized balloons (BLBPs) were launched on alert in the western Mediterranean basin in the framework of the Chemistry and Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) field campaigns, allowing us to perform original quasi-Lagrangian monitoring of desert dust aerosols over the sea. We illustrate tests and validations of LOAC measurements performed to qualify the instrument that include comparisons with concurrent aircraft and tethered balloon measurements, and remote sensing measurements including an AERONET sun-photometer, and a ground-based and the CALIOP lidar systems. As many as 10 LOAC flights were successfully conducted, mainly from Minorca Isl., Spain, during 4 Saharan dust transport events, with BLPBs drifting at altitudes between 2.0 and 3.3 km above sea level. The longest flight exceeded 700 km and lasted more than 25 h. Aerosol optical depths in the balloon vicinity did not exceed about 0.4 but the presence of turbid dust layers was confirmed thanks to dual scattering angle measurements by LOAC allowing the identification of dust particles. LOAC data from BLBPs could generally be fitted by a 3-mode lognormal distribution at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 µm in modal diameter. Up to about 0.0001 dust particles per cubic cm larger than 40 µm are reported and no significant evolution of the size distribution was observed during the flights whereas we were expecting to observe gravitational sedimentation of the largest particle size fraction. We also flown LOAC under meteorological sounding balloons during those events to document the dust vertical distribution. Shorter integration time limits the sensitivity to large particles but their presence was confirmed in dust layers. Large particle were also occasionally observed during routine LOAC soundings at Aire-sur-l'Adour in southwestern France. The presence and persistence of a 'giant' mode at about 30 µm in diameter even after several days of transport contradicts calculations of particles sedimentation velocity. From an indirect evidence of the presence of charged particles derived from the LOAC measurements, we speculate that electrical forces might counteract gravitational settling of the coarse particles. More details can be found in the ChArMEx Special Issue (https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/special_issue334.html; see Renard et al. papers).
- Published
- 2018
9. Measurements of aerosols and charged particles on the BEXUS18 stratospheric balloon
- Author
-
Brattich, Erika, primary, Serrano Castillo, Encarnación, additional, Giulietti, Fabrizio, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Tripathi, Sachi N., additional, Ghosh, Kunal, additional, Berthet, Gwenael, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, and Tositti, Laura, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption
- Author
-
Bègue, Nelson, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Clarisse, Lieven, Duverger, Vincent, Posny, Françoise, Metzger, J.M., Godin Beekmann, Sophie, Vignelles, Damien, Berthet, Gwenaël, Portafaix, Thierry, Payen, Guillaume, Jégou, Fabrice, Benchérif, Hassan, Jumelet, Julien, and Lurton, Thibaut
- Subjects
Phénomènes atmosphériques - Abstract
After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano, which is located in the southern part of Chile, erupted on 22 April 2015. The space-time evolutions (distribution and transport) of its aerosol plume are investigated by combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), in situ aerosol counting (LOAC OPC) and lidar observations, and the MIMOSA advection model. The Calbuco aerosol plume reached the Indian Ocean 1 week after the eruption. Over the Reunion Island site (21 S, 55.5 E), the aerosol signal was unambiguously enhanced in comparison with "background" conditions, with a volcanic aerosol layer extending from 18 to 21 km during the May-July period. All the data reveal an increase by a factor of 2 in the SAOD (stratospheric aerosol optical depth) with respect to values observed before the eruption. The aerosol mass e-folding time is approximately 90 days, which is rather close to the value (80 days) reported for the Sarychev eruption. Microphysical measurements obtained before, during, and after the eruption reflecting the impact of the Calbuco eruption on the lower stratospheric aerosol content have been analyzed over the Reunion Island site. During the passage of the plume, the volcanic aerosol was characterized by an effective radius of 0.160.02 μm with a unimodal size distribution for particles above 0.2 μm in diameter. Particle concentrations for sizes larger than 1 μm are too low to be properly detected by the LOAC OPC. The aerosol number concentration was 20 times higher that observed before and 1 year after the eruption. According to OMPS and lidar observations, a tendency toward conditions before the eruption was observed by April 2016. The volcanic aerosol plume is advected eastward in the Southern Hemisphere and its latitudinal extent is clearly bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex. The transient behavior of the aerosol layers observed above Reunion Island between May and July 2015 reflects an inhomogeneous spatio-temporal distribution of the plume, which is controlled by the localization of these dynamical barriers., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2017
11. In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Durand, Pierre, Bourgeois, Quentin, Denjean, Cyrielle, Vignelles, Damien, Coute, Benoit, Jeannot, Matthieu, Verdier, Nicolas, Mallet, Marc, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Durand, Pierre, Bourgeois, Quentin, Denjean, Cyrielle, Vignelles, Damien, Coute, Benoit, Jeannot, Matthieu, Verdier, Nicolas, and Mallet, Marc
- Abstract
Mineral dust from arid areas is a major component of global aerosol and has strong interactions with climate and biogeochemistry. As part of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) to investigate atmospheric chemistry and its impacts in the Mediterranean region, an intensive field campaign was performed from mid-June to early August 2013 in the western basin including in situ balloon-borne aerosol measurements with the light optical aerosol counter (LOAC). LOAC is a counter/sizer that provides the aerosol concentrations in 19 size classes between 0.2 and 100 mu m, and an indication of the nature of the particles based on dual-angle scattering measurements. A total of 27 LOAC flights were conducted mainly from Minorca Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) but also from Ile du Levant off Hyeres city (SE France) under 17 light dilatable balloons (meteorological sounding balloons) and 10 boundary layer pressurised balloons (quasi-Lagrangian balloons). The purpose was to document the vertical extent of the plume and the time evolution of the concentrations at constant altitude (air density) by in situ observations. LOAC measurements are in agreement with ground-based measurements (lidar, photometer), aircraft measurements (counters), and satellite measurements (CALIOP) in the case of fair spatial and temporal coincidences. LOAC has often detected three modes in the dust particle volume size distributions fitted by lognormal laws at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 mu m in modal diameter. Thanks to the high sensitivity of LOAC, particles larger than 40 mu m were observed, with concentrations up to about 10(-4) cm(-3). Such large particles were lifted several days before and their persistence after transport over long distances is in conflict with calculations of dust sedimentation. We did not observe any significant evolution of the size distribution during the transport from quasi-Lagrangian flights, even for the longest ones (similar to 1 day). Finally, the presence of
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Long-range isentropic transport of stratospheric aerosols over Southern Hemisphere following the Calbuco eruption in April 2015
- Author
-
Bègue, Nelson, Vignelles, Damien, Berthet, Gwenaël, Portafaix, Thierry, Payen, Guillaume, Jégou, Fabrice, Bencherif, Hassan, Jumelet, Julien, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Lurton, Thibault, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Clarisse, Lieven, Duverger, Vincent, Posny, Françoise, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), School of Chemistry and Physics [Durban], University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, and University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN)
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] - Abstract
International audience; After 43 years of inactivity, the Calbuco volcano which is located in the southern part of Chile erupted on 22 April 2015. The space-time evolutions (distribution and transport) of its aerosol plume are investigated by combining satellite (CALIOP, IASI, OMPS), in situ aerosol counting (LOAC OPC) and lidar observations, and the MIMOSA advection model. The Calbuco aerosol plume reached the Indian Ocean 1 week after the eruption. Over the Reunion Island site (21° S; 55.5° E), the aerosol signal was unambiguously enhanced in comparison with "background" conditions with a volcanic aerosol layer extending from 18 km to 21 km during the May–July period. All the data reveal an increase by a factor of ~ 2 in the SAOD (Stratospheric Aerosol Optical Depth) with respect to values observed before the eruption. The aerosol e-folding time is approximately 90 days. Microphysical measurements obtained before, during and after the eruption reflecting the impact of the Calbuco eruption on the lower stratospheric aerosol content have been analyzed over Reunion site. During the passage of the plume, the volcanic aerosol was characterized by an effective radius of 0.16 ± 0.02 µm with an unimodal lognormal size distribution and the aerosol number concentration appears 20 times higher than before and one year after the eruption. A tendency toward "background" conditions has been observed about one year after the eruption, by April 2016. The volcanic aerosol plume is advected eastward in the Southern Hemisphere and its latitudinal extent is clearly bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex. The transient behavior of the aerosol layers observed above Reunion Island between May and July 2015 reflects an inhomogeneous geographical distribution of the plume which is controlled by the latitudinal motion of these dynamical barriers.
- Published
- 2017
13. Caractérisation des performances du nouveau mini compteur de particules LOAC embarqué sous ballon météorologique : application à l’étude de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle des aérosols de la haute troposphère et de la stratosphère
- Author
-
Vignelles, Damien, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université d'Orléans, and Jean-Baptiste Renard
- Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] ,Mini compteur de particules ,Stratospheric aerosols ,Balloon-borne miniature particulate counter ,Aérosols stratosphériques ,Particules stratosphériques ,Stratospheric particles - Abstract
The study of the stratospheric aerosols is important to our understanding of the terrestrial radiative budget. Our current comprehension of the different types of stratospheric particles and their spatial and temporal distribution is incomplete. In the present study, we try to show that measuring particle concentrations by the means of a new balloon-borne miniature particle counter, the LOAC, may allow us to determine the local variability in stratospheric aerosols in the size range 0.2 – 100 μm in diameter. In that respect, the PhD thesis consists of a first phase of a more accurate characterisation of the LOAC’s performances under balloon-borne measurement. A second phase consists of comparative analysis of stratospheric aerosol content based on a LOAC dataset obtained during a continuous campaign of balloon launches in France, along with some occasional flights abroad under particular circumstances (volcanic eruption, monsoon). Thus we show that the LOAC has a detection limit that restricts the measurement of submicronic particles in volcanic quiescent periods for concentrations lower than typically 1 particle per cm3. In its current version, the LOAC allows us to characterise aerosols in volcanic plumes in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. And, further, we propose directions concerning possible calibration and analysis strategies for the future data from the next generation of the LOAC currently in development.; L’étude des aérosols stratosphériques est importante pour comprendre le bilan radiatif terrestre. A l’heure actuelle, notre représentation des différents types de particules stratosphériques et leurs répartitions spatiale et temporelle n’est pas complète. Au cours de cette thèse, nous tentons de montrer que la mesure de la concentration en particules sous ballon météorologique au moyen d’un nouveau mini compteur de particules, le LOAC, pourrait permettre de rendre compte de la possible variabilité locale du contenu en aérosols stratosphériques dans la gamme de taille 0,2 à 100 μm en diamètre. La première partie de ce travail consiste à caractériser plus précisément les performances du LOAC sous ballon météorologique appliqué à la mesure en stratosphère. La seconde partie propose une analyse comparée du contenu en aérosols stratosphériques obtenu par LOAC, à partir de lâchers de ballons en France régulièrement depuis 3 ans et plus ponctuellement à l’étranger dans des situations particulières (volcan, mousson), et par d’autres types de données (Observations spatiales, lidar sol et simulation globale). Nous montrons alors que l’instrument possède une limite de détection rendant difficile la mesure des particules submicroniques lors de période de fond en moyenne stratosphère pour des concentrations de l’ordre d’une particule par cm3. Dans sa version actuelle, le LOAC permet de documenter les panaches volcaniques en troposphère ainsi qu’en basse stratosphère. En perspective, nous proposons des directions pour la calibration et l’analyse des futures données d’une nouvelle génération de l’instrument en développement.
- Published
- 2016
14. The complex origin and spatial distribution of non-pure sulfate particles (NSPs) in the stratosphere.
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Berthet, Gwenaël, Levasseur-Regourd, Anny-Chantal, Beresnev, Sergey, Miffre, Alain, Rairoux, Patrick, Vignelles, Damien, and Jégou, Fabrice
- Abstract
While droplets with pure mixtures of water and sulfuric acid are the main component of stratospheric aerosols, field measurements performed for more than 30 years have shown that non-sulfate materials, thereafter referred to by us as NSP (for Non-pure Sulfate Particles, not considering frozen material) are also present. Such materials, which are released from both the Earth through volcanic eruptions, pollution or biomass burning, and from space through interplanetary dust and micrometeoroids, present a wide variety of composition and shape, with sizes ranging from several nm to several hundreds of μm. No single instrumental technique, from ground, from airplanes, under balloons and onboard satellites using remote-sensing and in-situ instruments. can provide alone a global view of the stratospheric NSPs, which exhibit a strong variability in terms of spatial distribution and composition. To better understand the origin of the NSPs, we have performed new field measurements from mid- 2013 with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) instrument during 135 flights carried out under weather balloons at various latitudes and up to altitudes of 35 km. Coupled with previous measurements obtained with the Tropospheric and Stratospheric Aerosols Counter (STAC) under stratospheric balloons in the 2004–2011 period, the LOAC measurements show the presence of stratospheric layers presenting enhanced-concentrations associated with NSPs, with a bimodal vertical repartition centered by 17 and 30 km altitude. Also, large particles are detected, with sizes up to several tens of μm, with decreasing concentrations with increasing altitudes. Such observations, which are not correlated with meteor shower events, could be due to dynamical and photophoretic effects lifting and sustaining particles mainly coming from the Earth. When combining all the detections in the stratosphere from different methods of measurements, we may conclude that the concentrations and the vertical distributions of NSPs are highly variable and do not match the estimated concentrations of material in space at Earth orbit. The paper ends by highlighting some open questions on these stratospheric materials and presents some possible new strategies for frequent measurements, to confirm that NSPs are indeed mainly of terrestrial origin, and to better circumvent the NSPs impact on stratospheric chemistry and on the Earth’s climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Durand, Pierre, additional, Bourgeois, Quentin, additional, Denjean, Cyrielle, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Couté, Benoit, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, and Mallet, Marc, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Long-range transport of stratospheric aerosols in the Southern Hemisphere following the 2015 Calbuco eruption
- Author
-
Bègue, Nelson, primary, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Benchérif, Hassan, additional, Jumelet, Julien, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Lurton, Thibaut, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Clarisse, Lieven, additional, Duverger, Vincent, additional, Posny, Françoise, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Durand, Pierre, additional, Bourgeois, Quentin, additional, Denjean, Cyrielle, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Couté, Benoit, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, and Mallet, Marc, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere : balloon-borne observations and model calculations
- Author
-
Berthet, Gwenaël, Jégou, Fabrice, Catoire, Valéry, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Bourassa, Adam E., Degenstein, Doug A., Brogniez, Colette, Dorf, Marcel, Kreycy, Sebastian, Pfeilsticker, Klaus, Werner, Bodo, Lefèvre, Franck, Roberts, Tjarda J., Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Bègue, Nelson, Bourgeois, Quentin, Daugeron, Daniel, Chartier, Michel, Robert, Claude, Gaubicher, Bertrand, Guimbaud, Christophe, Berthet, Gwenaël, Jégou, Fabrice, Catoire, Valéry, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Bourassa, Adam E., Degenstein, Doug A., Brogniez, Colette, Dorf, Marcel, Kreycy, Sebastian, Pfeilsticker, Klaus, Werner, Bodo, Lefèvre, Franck, Roberts, Tjarda J., Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Bègue, Nelson, Bourgeois, Quentin, Daugeron, Daniel, Chartier, Michel, Robert, Claude, Gaubicher, Bertrand, and Guimbaud, Christophe
- Abstract
The major volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 has been shown to have significant effects on stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion even at midlatitudes. Since then, only moderate but recurrent volcanic eruptions have modulated the stratospheric aerosol loading and are assumed to be one cause for the reported increase in the global aerosol content over the past 15 years. This particularly enhanced aerosol context raises questions about the effects on stratospheric chemistry which depend on the latitude, altitude and season of injection. In this study, we focus on the midlatitude Sarychev volcano eruption in June 2009, which injected 0.9 Tg of sulfur dioxide (about 20 times less than Pinatubo) into a lower stratosphere mainly governed by high-stratospheric temperatures. Together with in situ measurements of aerosol amounts, we analyse high-resolution in situ and/or remote-sensing observations of NO2, HNO3 and BrO from balloon-borne infrared and UV-visible spectrometers launched in Sweden in August-September 2009. It is shown that differences between observations and three-dimensional (3-D) chemistry-transport model (CTM) outputs are not due to transport calculation issues but rather reflect the chemical impact of the volcanic plume below 19 km altitude. Good measurement-model agreement is obtained when the CTM is driven by volcanic aerosol loadings derived from in situ or space-borne data. As a result of enhanced N2O5 hydrolysis in the Sarychev volcanic aerosol conditions, the model calculates reductions of similar to 45% and increases of similar to 11% in NO2 and HNO3 amounts respectively over the August-September 2009 period. The decrease in NOx abundances is limited due to the expected saturation effect for high aerosol loadings. The links between the various chemical catalytic cycles involving chlorine, bromine, nitrogen and HOx compounds in the lower stratosphere are discussed. The increased BrO amounts (similar to 22 %) compare rather well with the
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. In situ measurement of the Icelandic Holuhraun/ Bárðarbunga volcanicplume in an early 'young state' using a LOAC
- Author
-
Vignelles, Damien, Roberts, Tjarda J., Carboni, Elisa, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, Berthet, Gwenaël, Jegou, Fabrice, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Olafsson, Haraldur, Bergsson, Baldur, Yeo, Richard, Reynisson, Njall Fannar, Grainger, Roy, Pfeffer, Melissa A., Lurton, Thibaut, Duverger, Vincent, Coute, Benoit, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), Sub-Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford], and POTHIER, Nathalie
- Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; Volcanic eruptions have huge societal and economic consequences. In Iceland, one of the best known examples isthe Laki eruption (1783-84 CE) (Thordarson and Self, 2003) which caused the death of > 20% of the Icelandicpopulations and likely increased European levels of mortality through air pollution (Witham and Oppenheimer,2004). The recent fissure eruption at Holuhraun (31 August 2014 – 27 February 2015) was a major source ofsulfur gases and aerosols and caused also both local and European-wide deteriorations to air quality (Gislason etal. 2015; Schmidt et al. 2015).The capability of atmospheric models to predict volcanic plume impacts is limited by uncertainties in thenear-source plume state. Most in-situ measurements of the elevated plume involve interception of aged plumesthat have already chemically or physically evolved. Small portable sensors airborne drone or balloon platformsoffer a new possibility to characterize volcano plumes near to source.We present the results of a balloon flight through the plume emitted by Baugur the main vent during the nightof the January 22th 2015. The balloon carrying a LOAC (Renard et al. 2015) has intercepted the plume at 8kmdistance downwind from the crater which represents a plume age of approximately 15 minutes. The plume waslocated in altitude between 2 and 3.1km above the sea level. Two layers were observed, a non-condensed lowerlayer and a condensed upper layer. The lower layer of 400m thick was characterized by a mode of fine particlescentered on 0.2m in diameter and a second mode centered on 2.3m in diameter and a total particle concentrationaround 100 particles per cubic centimeter. The upper layer of 800m thick was a cloud-like signature with dropletscentered on 20 m in diameter and a fine mode, the total particles concentrations was 10 times higher than thefirst layer. The plume top height was determined between 2.7 and 3.1 km, the plume height is in good agreementwith an estimate made by analysis of IASI satellite remote sensing data, thus demonstrating in-situ validation ofthis recent satellite algorithm (Carboni et al. 2015).This experimentation shows that under such difficult field campaign conditions (strong wind, low temperatures,only car batteries for power supply, night time and active volcano close to the launch site) it is possible to launchmeteorological balloons with novel payloads to directly sample in-situ the near-source plume, determine theplume altitude, identify dynamical phases of the plume and document the size distribution of particles inside aplume which is only a quarter of an hour old.
- Published
- 2016
20. Long-range isentropic transport of stratospheric aerosols over Southern Hemisphere following the Calbuco eruption in April 2015
- Author
-
Bègue, Nelson, primary, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Benchérif, Hassan, additional, Jumelet, Julien, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Lurton, Thibault, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Clarisse, Lieven, additional, Duverger, Vincent, additional, Posny, Françoise, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations
- Author
-
Berthet, Gwenaël, primary, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Catoire, Valéry, additional, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Bourassa, Adam E., additional, Degenstein, Doug A., additional, Brogniez, Colette, additional, Dorf, Marcel, additional, Kreycy, Sebastian, additional, Pfeilsticker, Klaus, additional, Werner, Bodo, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Roberts, Tjarda J., additional, Lurton, Thibaut, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Bourgeois, Quentin, additional, Daugeron, Daniel, additional, Chartier, Michel, additional, Robert, Claude, additional, Gaubicher, Bertrand, additional, and Guimbaud, Christophe, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. In-situ characterisation of aerosol and gases (SO 2 , HCl, ozone) in Mt Etna volcano plume
- Author
-
Roberts, Tjarda, Vignelles, Damien, Giudice, Gaetano, Liuzzo, Marco, Aiuppa, Alessandro, Chartier, Michel, Coute, Benoit, Lurton, Thibaut, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), POTHIER, Nathalie, and Laboratoires d'excellence - Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment - - VOLTAIRE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0100 - LABX - VALID
- Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] ,[SDU.STU.VO] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences - Abstract
International audience; We present findings from a measurement campaign that deployed a range of in-situ real-time atmospheric measurement techniques to characterise aerosols and gases in Mt Etna plume in October 2013. The LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) instrument for size-resolved particle measurements was deployed alongside two Multi-Gas instruments (measuring SO 2 , H2S, HCl, CO 2) and an ozone sensor. Measurements were performed at the summit craters (in cloudy-and non-cloudy conditions) and in grounding downwind plume on the volcano flank. These high frequency measurements (acid gases: 1 to 0.1 Hz, aerosol: 0.1 Hz) provide a detailed in-situ dataset for time-resolved plume characterisation and volcano monitoring. The LOAC measurement of sized-resolved aerosol (over a 0.2 to 50 µm particle diameter range) alongside SO 2 (10's ppbv to 10's ppmv) provides a valuable dataset for determining the volcanic aerosol volume and surface area to SO 2 ratios. These parameters are presently poorly defined but are important for atmospheric models of the reactive halogen chemistry that occurs on volcanic aerosol surfaces to convert volcanic HBr into reactive bromine, including BrO. The LOAC's patented optical design can also provide insights into particle properties. The two Multi-Gas SO 2 time-series show good agreement, detecting co-varying plume fluctuations in the downwind plume, which also correlate with the LOAC total aerosol volume time-series. An estimate of HCl/SO 2 in Etna emissions was made by Multi-Gas electrochemical sensor, using a novel design to limit absorption/desorption effects and low-noise electronics for improved resolution. The detection of volcanic HCl by electrochemical sensor brings new possibilities for Multi-Gas monitoring of volcanic halogen emissions. Electrochemical sensor response times are not instantaneous, particularly for sticky gases such as HCl (T90 ∼min), but also even for " fast " response (T90 ∼ 10 to 30 s) sensors such as SO 2 and H2S. However, in a volcanic plume environment, Multi-Gas instruments are exposed to very rapidly fluctuating gas concentrations due to turbulent plume eddies. The combination of these effects can introduce measurement errors, emphasizing a need for sensor response modelling approaches for accurate determination of gas ratios from Multi-Gas instruments.
- Published
- 2015
23. LOAC : a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles - Part 2
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Berthet, Gwenael, Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Tonnelier, Thierry, Jeannot, Matthieu, Coute, Benoit, Akiki, Rony, Verdier, Nicolas, Mallet, Marc, Gensdarmes, Francois, Charpentier, Patrick, Mesmin, Samuel, Duverger, Vincent, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Elias, Thierry, Crenn, Vincent, Sciare, Jean, Zieger, Paul, Salter, Matthew, Roberts, Tjarda, Giacomoni, Jerome, Gobbi, Matthieu, Hamonou, Eric, Olafsson, Haraldur, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, Camy-Peyret, Claude, Mazel, Christophe, Decamps, Thierry, Piringer, Martin, Surcin, Jeremy, Daugeron, Daniel, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Berthet, Gwenael, Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Tonnelier, Thierry, Jeannot, Matthieu, Coute, Benoit, Akiki, Rony, Verdier, Nicolas, Mallet, Marc, Gensdarmes, Francois, Charpentier, Patrick, Mesmin, Samuel, Duverger, Vincent, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Elias, Thierry, Crenn, Vincent, Sciare, Jean, Zieger, Paul, Salter, Matthew, Roberts, Tjarda, Giacomoni, Jerome, Gobbi, Matthieu, Hamonou, Eric, Olafsson, Haraldur, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, Camy-Peyret, Claude, Mazel, Christophe, Decamps, Thierry, Piringer, Martin, Surcin, Jeremy, and Daugeron, Daniel
- Abstract
In the companion (Part I) paper, we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60A degrees. That allows for some typology identification of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size-segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2aEuro-A mu m up to possibly more than 100aEuro-A mu m depending on sampling conditions (Renard et al., 2016). Its capabilities overpass those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10-20aEuro-A mu m in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC's light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and at ground level. We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from a UAV and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Vienna (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment - ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur-l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. LOAC : a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles - Part 1
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Berthet, Gwenael, Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Tonnelier, Thierry, Jeannot, Matthieu, Coute, Benoit, Akiki, Rony, Verdier, Nicolas, Mallet, Marc, Gensdarmes, Francois, Charpentier, Patrick, Mesmin, Samuel, Duverger, Vincent, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Elias, Thierry, Crenn, Vincent, Sciare, Jean, Zieger, Paul, Salter, Matthew, Roberts, Tjarda, Giacomoni, Jerome, Gobbi, Matthieu, Hamonou, Eric, Olafsson, Haraldur, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, Camy-Peyret, Claude, Mazel, Christophe, Decamps, Thierry, Piringer, Martin, Surcin, Jeremy, Daugeron, Daniel, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, Francois, Berthet, Gwenael, Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Tonnelier, Thierry, Jeannot, Matthieu, Coute, Benoit, Akiki, Rony, Verdier, Nicolas, Mallet, Marc, Gensdarmes, Francois, Charpentier, Patrick, Mesmin, Samuel, Duverger, Vincent, Dupont, Jean-Charles, Elias, Thierry, Crenn, Vincent, Sciare, Jean, Zieger, Paul, Salter, Matthew, Roberts, Tjarda, Giacomoni, Jerome, Gobbi, Matthieu, Hamonou, Eric, Olafsson, Haraldur, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, Camy-Peyret, Claude, Mazel, Christophe, Decamps, Thierry, Piringer, Martin, Surcin, Jeremy, and Daugeron, Daniel
- Abstract
The study of aerosols in the troposphere and in the stratosphere is of major importance both for climate and air quality studies. Among the numerous instruments available, optical aerosol particles counters (OPCs) provide the size distribution in diameter range from about 100 nm to a few tens of mu m. Most of them are very sensitive to the nature of aerosols, and this can result in significant biases in the retrieved size distribution. We describe here a new versatile optical particle/sizer counter named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), which is light and compact enough to perform measurements not only at the surface but under all kinds of balloons in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. LOAC is an original OPC performing observations at two scattering angles. The first one is around 12 degrees, and is almost insensitive to the refractive index of the particles; the second one is around 60 degrees and is strongly sensitive to the refractive index of the particles. By combining measurement at the two angles, it is possible to retrieve the size distribution between 0.2 and 100 mu m and to estimate the nature of the dominant particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts and mineral particles) when the aerosol is relatively homogeneous. This typology is based on calibration charts obtained in the laboratory. The uncertainty for total concentrations measurements is +/- 20% when concentrations are higher than 1 particle cm 3 (for a 10 min integration time). For lower concentrations, the uncertainty is up to about +/- 60% for concentrations smaller than 10 2 particle cm(-3). Also, the uncertainties in size calibration are +/- 0.025 mu m for particles smaller than 0.6 mu m, 5% for particles in the 0.7-2 mu m range, and 10% for particles greater than 2 mu m. The measurement accuracy of sub-micronic particles could be reduced in a strongly turbid case when concentration of particles > 3 mu m exceeds a few particles cm(-3). Several campaigns of cross-comparison of LOAC
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Balloon-borne and ground-based aerosol measurements with the aerosol counter LOAC during the ChArMEx 2013 campaign
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, François, Vignelles, Damien, Jeannot, Matthieu, Durand, Pierre, Mallet, Marc, Totems, Julien, Chazette, Patrick, Sciare, Jean, Barret, Brice, Jambert, Corrine, Verdier, Nicolas, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cyprus Institute (CyI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics] - Abstract
International audience; LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) is a small optical particle counter/sizer of ∼250 grams that can fly under all kinds of balloons. The measurements are conducted at two scattering angles: the first one, at 12 • , is used to determine the aerosol particle concentrations in 19 size classes within a diameter range of ∼0.2-100 micrometers. The second angle is at 60 • , is used to discriminate between the different types of particles dominating the different size classes. The sensor particularly discriminates wet or liquid particles, mineral dust and carbon particles. 30 flights of LOAC have been conducted during the ChAMEx campaign (Chemistry Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) on summer 2013, from Minorca Island (Spain) and Ile du Levant (south of France): 19 flights under meteorological balloons and 12 flights under low altitude drifting balloons. Most of the flights were also coupled with ozone concentration measurements. LOAC balloons were especially, but not only, dedicated to study the various Saharan dust events that occurred during the campaign. In particular, flights were conducted every 12 hours during the 15-19 June dust event. Turbid air masses from North America were also sampled in late June over Minorca. The flights allow us to determine the vertical extent of the dust plume and various aerosol layers, and to follow the particle size distribution and the concentration evolution along the vertical. The low altitude drifting balloons, which stayed at constant altitude (between 0.4 and 3 km) for several hours, allow us to study the time-evolution of the aerosol concentrations in the same air mass. Under both balloon types, LOAC has detected larges particles up to ∼30 micrometers in diameter. The flights drifting within dust layers indicate that there is a relatively stable particle size distribution during transport over the sea, with no clear sedimentation loss of large particles. LOAC is used to tentatively identify the various kinds of particles (marine salt close to the sea, pure sand or more heterogeneous layers). Continuous surface measurements have also been conducted on Minorca Island with a LOAC. The LOAC number concentration measurements are converted to mass concentrations, in order to evaluate the effect of the mid-June dust event on the ambient air quality. Coincident ground-based remote sensing (lidar, sun-photometer) and in situ measurements (aethalometer, TEOM.. .) performed on Minorca Island and occasionally close airborne data are also used for comparison with balloon data.
- Published
- 2014
26. Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations
- Author
-
Berthet, Gwenaël, primary, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Catoire, Valéry, additional, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Bourassa, Adam E., additional, Degenstein, Doug A., additional, Brogniez, Colette, additional, Dorf, Marcel, additional, Kreycy, Sebastian, additional, Pfeilsticker, Klaus, additional, Werner, Bodo, additional, Lefèvre, Franck, additional, Roberts, Tjarda J., additional, Lurton, Thibaut, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Bourgeois, Quentin, additional, Daugeron, Daniel, additional, Chartier, Michel, additional, Robert, Claude, additional, Gaubicher, Bertrand, additional, and Guimbaud, Christophe, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Lurton, Thibaut, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Tonnelier, Thierry, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Couté, Benoit, additional, Akiki, Rony, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, Mallet, Marc, additional, Gensdarmes, François, additional, Charpentier, Patrick, additional, Mesmin, Samuel, additional, Duverger, Vincent, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Elias, Thierry, additional, Crenn, Vincent, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Zieger, Paul, additional, Salter, Matthew, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Giacomoni, Jérôme, additional, Gobbi, Matthieu, additional, Hamonou, Eric, additional, Olafsson, Haraldur, additional, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, additional, Camy-Peyret, Claude, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, Décamps, Thierry, additional, Piringer, Martin, additional, Surcin, Jérémy, additional, and Daugeron, Daniel, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Gravity-wave effects on tracer gases and stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx campaign
- Author
-
Chane Ming, Fabrice, primary, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Jegou, Fabrice, additional, Berthet, Gwenael, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Gheusi, François, additional, and Kuleshov, Yuriy, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Lurton, Thibaut, additional, Vignelles, Damien, additional, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Tonnelier, Thierry, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Couté, Benoit, additional, Akiki, Rony, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, Mallet, Marc, additional, Gensdarmes, François, additional, Charpentier, Patrick, additional, Mesmin, Samuel, additional, Duverger, Vincent, additional, Dupont, Jean-Charles, additional, Elias, Thierry, additional, Crenn, Vincent, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Zieger, Paul, additional, Salter, Matthew, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Giacomoni, Jérôme, additional, Gobbi, Matthieu, additional, Hamonou, Eric, additional, Olafsson, Haraldur, additional, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, Pavla, additional, Camy-Peyret, Claude, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, Décamps, Thierry, additional, Piringer, Martin, additional, Surcin, Jérémy, additional, and Daugeron, Daniel, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. In situ measurements of desert dust particles above the western Mediterranean Sea with the balloon-borne Light Optical Aerosol Counter/sizer (LOAC) during the ChArMEx campaign of summer 2013.
- Author
-
Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Dulac, François, Durand, Pierre, Bourgeois, Quentin, Denjean, Cyrielle, Vignelles, Damien, Couté, Benoit, Jeannot, Matthieu, Verdier, Nicolas, and Mallet, Marc
- Abstract
Mineral dust from arid areas is a major component of the global aerosol and has strong interactions with climate and biogeochemistry. As part of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx) to investigate atmospheric chemistry and its impacts in the Mediterranean region, an intensive field campaign was performed from mid-June to early August 2013 in the western basin including in situ balloon-borne aerosol measurements with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC). LOAC is a counter/sizer that provides the aerosol concentrations in 19 size classes between 0.2 and 100 μm, and an indication of the nature of the particles based on dual angle scattering measurements. A total of 27 LOAC flights were conducted mainly from Minorca Island (Balearic Islands, Spain) but also from Ile du Levant off Hyères city (SE France) under 17 Light Dilatable Balloons (meteorological sounding balloons) and 10 Boundary Layer Pressurized Balloons (quasi-Lagrangian balloons). The purpose was to document the vertical extent of the plume and the time-evolution of the concentrations at constant altitude (air density) by in situ observations. LOAC measurements are in agreement with ground-based measurements (lidar, photometer), aircraft measurements (counters), and satellite measurements (CALIOP) in case of fair spatial and temporal coincidences. LOAC has often detected 3 modes in the dust particle volume size distributions fitted by lognormal laws at roughly 0.2, 4 and 30 μm in modal diameter. Particles larger than 40 μm were observed, with concentrations up to about 10
-4 cm-3 . Such large particles were lifted several days before and their persistence after transport over long distances is in conflict with calculations of dust sedimentation. We did not observe any significant evolution of the size distribution during the transport from quasi-Lagrangian flights, even for the longest ones (~ 1 day). Finally, the presence of charged particles is inferred from the LOAC measurements and we speculate that electrical forces might counteract gravitational settling of the coarse particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Interactions aérosols-rayonnement-climat en région méditerranéenne : Impact de l'effet radiatif direct sur le cycle de l'eau
- Author
-
Mallet, Marc, primary, Dulac, François, additional, Nabat, Pierre, additional, Formenti, Paola, additional, Sciare, Jean, additional, Roberts, Greg, additional, Denjean, Cyrielle, additional, Pelon, Jacques, additional, Tanré, Didier, additional, Parol, Frédéric, additional, Ancellet, Gérard, additional, Auriol, Frédéric, additional, Blarel, Luc, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Brogniez, Gérard, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chevaillier, Servanne, additional, Claeys, Marine, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, D'Anna, Barbara, additional, Derimian, Yevgeny, additional, Desboeufs, Karine, additional, Doussin, Jean-François, additional, Durand, Pierre, additional, Féron, Anaïs, additional, Ferré, Hélène, additional, Fleury, Laurence, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Goloub, Philippe, additional, Grand, Noël, additional, Hamonou, Éric, additional, Jankowiak, Isabelle, additional, Jeannot, Matthieu, additional, Lambert, Dominique, additional, Léon, Jean-François, additional, Mailler, Sylvain, additional, Menut, Laurent, additional, Momboisse, Géraud, additional, Nicolas, José, additional, Podvin, Thierry, additional, Pont, Véronique, additional, Rea, Géraldine, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Roblou, Laurent, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Sicard, Michaël, additional, Solmon, Fabien, additional, Somot, Samuel, additional, Torres, Benjamin, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Triquet, Sylvain, additional, Verdier, Nicolas, additional, Verwaerde, Christian, additional, and Vignelles, Damien, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Impact of a moderate volcanic eruption on chemistry in the lower stratosphere: balloon-borne observations and model calculations.
- Author
-
Berthet, Gwenaël, Jégou, Fabrice, Catoire, Valéry, Krysztofiak, Gisèle, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Bourassa, Adam E., Degenstein, Doug A., Brogniez, Colette, Dorf, Marcel, Kreycy, Sebastian, Pfeilsticker, Klaus, Werner, Bodo, Lefèvre, Franck, Roberts, Tjarda J., Lurton, Thibaut, Vignelles, Damien, Bègue, Nelson, Bourgeois, Quentin, Daugeron, Daniel, and Chartier, Michel
- Abstract
The major volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 has been shown to have significant effects on stratospheric chemistry and ozone depletion even at mid-latitudes. Since then, only "moderate" but recurrent volcanic eruptions have modulated the stratospheric aerosol loading such as the eruption of the mid-latitude Sarychev volcano which injected 0.9 Tg of sulfur dioxide (about 20 times less than Pinatubo) in June 2009. In this study, we investigate the chemical impacts of the enhanced liquid sulfate aerosol loading resulting from this moderate eruption using data from a balloon campaign conducted in northern Sweden (Kiruna-Esrange, 67.5° N, 21.0° E) in August-September 2009. Balloon-borne observations of NO
2 , HNO3 and BrO from infrared and UV-visible spectrometers are compared with the outputs of a three-dimensional (3-D) Chemistry-Transport Model (CTM). It is shown that differences between observations and model outputs are not due to transport calculation issues but rather reflect the chemical impact of the volcanic plume below 19 km in altitude. Good measurement-model agreement is obtained when the CTM is driven by volcanic aerosol loadings derived from in situ or space-borne data. As a result of enhanced N2 O5 hydrolysis in the Sarychev volcanic aerosol conditions, the model calculates reductions of ~ 45% and increases of ~ 11% in NO2 and HNO3 amounts respectively over the summer 2009 period. The decrease in NOx abundances is limited due to the expected saturation effect for high aerosol loadings. The links between the various chemical catalytic cycles involving chlorine, bromine, nitrogen and HOx compounds in the lower stratosphere are discussed. The increased BrO amounts (~ 22%) compare rather well with the balloon-borne observations when volcanic aerosol levels are accounted for in the CTM and appear to be mainly controlled by the coupling with nitrogen chemistry rather than by enhanced BrONO2 hydrolysis. Simulated effects of the Sarychev eruption on chlorine activation and partitioning are very limited in the high temperature conditions in the stratosphere at the period considered, inhibiting the effect of ClONO2 hydrolysis. As a consequence, the simulated ozone loss due to the Sarychev aerosols is low with a reduction of 1.1% of the ozone budget at 16.5 km. Some comparisons with the reported Pinatubo chemical impacts are also provided and overall the Sarychev aerosols have led to less chemical effects than the Pinatubo event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Gravity-wave effects on tracer gases and stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx campaign.
- Author
-
Ming, Fabrice Chane, Vignelles, Damien, Jegou, Fabrice, Berthet, Gwenael, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Gheusi, François, and Kuleshov, Yuriy
- Subjects
GRAVITY waves ,STRATOSPHERIC aerosols ,GLOBAL Positioning System ,ATMOSPHERIC aerosols ,TROPOSPHERE - Abstract
Coupled balloon-borne observations of Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC), M10 meteorological global positioning system (GPS) sondes, ozonesondes, and GPS radio occultation data, are examined to identify gravity-wave (GW)-induced fluctuations on tracer gases and on the vertical distribution of stratospheric aerosol concentrations during the 2013 ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) campaign. Observations reveal signatures of GWs with short vertical wavelengths less than 4 km in dynamical parameters and tracer constituents, which are also correlated with the presence of thin layers of strong local enhancements of aerosol concentrations in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. In particular, this is evident from a case study above Ile du Levant (43.02 N, 6.46 E) on 26-29 July 2013. Observations show a strong activity of dominant mesoscale inertia GWs with horizontal and vertical wavelengths of 370-510 km and 2-3 km respectively, and periods of 10-13 h propagating southward at altitudes of 13-20 km during 27-28 July. The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analyses also show evidence of mesoscale inertia GWs with similar horizontal characteristics above the eastern part of France. Raytracing experiments indicate the jet-front system as the main source of observed GWs. Using a simplified linear GW theory, synthetic vertical profiles of dynamical parameters with large stratospheric vertical wind maximum oscillations of -40 mms-1 are produced for the dominant mesoscale GW observed at heights of 13-20 km. Parcel advection method reveals signatures of GWs in the ozone mixing ratio and the tropospheric-specific humidity. Simulated vertical wind perturbations of the dominant GWs and small-scale perturbations of aerosol concentration (aerosol size of 0.2-0.7 µm) are revealed to be in phase in the lower stratosphere. Present results support the importance of vertical wind perturbations in the GW-aerosol relationship. Observed mesoscale GWs induce a strong modulation of the amplitude of tracer gases and the stratospheric aerosol background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Measurements of Aerosols and Charged Particles On the BEXUS18 Stratospheric Balloon
- Author
-
Fabrizio Giulietti, Encarnacion Serrano Castillo, Jean-Baptiste Renard, Laura Tositti, Damien Vignelles, Erika Brattich, Kunal Ghosh, Gwenaël Berthet, Sachi N. Tripathi, Brattich, Erika, Serrano Castillo, Encarnación, Giulietti, Fabrizio, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Tripathi, Sachi N., Ghosh, Kunal, Berthet, Gwenael, Vignelles, Damien, Tositti, Laura, University of Bologna, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
- Subjects
Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,ion induced nucleation ,0207 environmental engineering ,Cosmic ray ,02 engineering and technology ,Atmospheric sciences ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,Ion ,Altitude ,0103 physical sciences ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,charged particles ,Relative humidity ,020701 environmental engineering ,lcsh:Science ,Stratosphere ,Aerosol ,Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,lcsh:QC801-809 ,Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Geology ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Charged particle ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,Space and Planetary Science ,stratospheric balloon ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Q ,Particle size ,ion ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
This paper describes the aerosol measurement setup and results obtained during the BEXUS18 (Balloon-borne Experiments for University Students) stratospheric balloon within the A5-Unibo (Advanced Atmospheric Aerosol Acquisition and Analysis) experiment performed on 10 October 2014 in northern Sweden (Kiruna). The experimental setup was designed and developed by the University of Bologna with the aim of collecting and analyzing vertical profiles of atmospheric ions and particles together with atmospheric parameters (temperature, relative humidity, and pressure) all along the stratospheric ascent of the BEXUS18 stratospheric balloon. Particle size distributions were measured with the MeteoModem Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) and air ion density was measured with a set of two commercial and portable ion counters. Though the experimental setup was based upon relatively low-cost and light-weight sensors, vertical profiles of all the parameters up to an altitude of about 27 km were successfully collected. The results obtained are useful for elucidating the relationships between aerosols and charged particles between ground level and the stratosphere, with great potential in collecting and adding useful information in this field, also in the stratosphere where such measurements are rare. In particular, the equipment detected coherent vertical profiles for particles and ions, with a particularly strong correlation between negative ions and fine particles, possibly resulting from proposed associations between cosmic rays and ions as previously suggested. In addition, the detection of charged aerosols in the stratosphere is in agreement with the results obtained by a previous flight and with simulations conducted with a stratospheric ion–aerosol model. However, further measurements under stratospheric balloon flights equipped with a similar setup are needed to reach general conclusions about such important issues.
- Published
- 2019
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.