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18 results on '"Vignelles, D."'

1. BATAL : The Balloon Measurement Campaigns of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer

Author

Vernier, J.-P., Fairlie, T. D., Deshler, T., Ratnam, M. Venkat, Gadhavi, H., Kumar, B. S., Natarajan, M., Pandit, A. K., Raj, S. T. Akhil, Kumar, A. Hemanth, Jayaraman, A., Singh, A. K., Rastogi, N., Sinha, P. R., Kumar, S., Tiwari, S., Wegner, T., Baker, N., Vignelles, D., Stenchikov, G., Shevchenko, I., Smith, J., Bedka, K., Kesarkar, A., Singh, V., Bhate, J., Ravikiran, V., Rao, M. Durga, Ravindrababu, S., Patel, A., Vernier, H., Wienhold, F. G., Liu, H., Knepp, T. N., Thomason, L., Crawford, J., Ziemba, L., Moore, J., Crumeyrolle, S., Williamson, M., Berthet, G., Jégou, F., and Renard, J.-B.

Published
2018

4. The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer: Balloon-Borne Measurements, Satellite Observations and Modeling Approaches

Author

Fairlie, T. D, Vernier, J.-P, Natarajan, M, Deshler, Terry, Liu, H, Wegner, T, Baker, N, Gadhavi, H, Jayaraman, A, Pandit, A, Raj, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, S, Singh, A, Vignelles, D, Stenchikov, G, Wiehold, F, and Bian, J

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Satellite observations and numerical modeling studies have demonstrated that the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) can provide a conduit for gas-phase pollutants in south Asia to reach the lower stratosphere. Now, observations from the CALIPSO satellite have revealed the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL), a summertime accumulation of aerosols associated with ASM anticyclone, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The ATAL has potential implications for regional cloud properties, climate, and chemical processes in the UTLS. Here, we show in situ measurements from balloon-borne instrumentation, aircraft and satellite observations, combined with trajectory and chemical transport model (CTM) simulations to explore the origin, composition, physical and optical properties of aerosols in the ATAL. In particular, we show balloon-based observations from our BATAL-2015 field campaign to India and Saudi Arabia in summer 2015, including in situ backscatter measurements from COBALD instruments, and some of the first observations of size and volatility of aerosols in the ATAL layer using optical particle counters (OPCs). Back trajectory calculations initialized from CALIPSO observations point to deep convection over North India as a principal source of ATAL aerosols. Available aircraft observations suggest significant sulfur and carbonaceous contributions to the ATAL, which is supported by simulations using the GEOS-Chem CTM. Source elimination studies conducted with the GEOS-Chem indicate that 80-90% of ATAL aerosols originate from south Asian sources, in contrast with some earlier studies.

Published
2016

5. The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer Through Satellite and Balloon-Borne Measurements Combined With Modeling Approaches

Author

Vernier, J.-P, Fairlie, T. D, Natarajan, M, Wegner, T, Baker, N, Crawford, J, Moore, J, Deshler, T, Gadhavi, H, Jayaraman, A, Pandit, A, Raj, A, Kumar, H, Kumar, S, Singh, A, Vignelles, D, Stenchikov, G, Wiehold, F, and Bian, J

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer-ATAL is a confined area of enhanced aerosol associated Summer Asia Monsoon spanning from the E. Med Sea to W. China. It essentially extends from top of convective outflow over much of SE Asia Existence recognize through CALIPSO observations.

Published
2016

6. Origins and spatial distribution of non-pure sulfate particles (Nsps) in the stratosphere detected by the balloon-borne light optical aerosols counter (loac)

Author

Renard, J. -B., Berthet, G., Levasseur-Regourd, A. -C., Beresnev, S., Miffre, A., Rairoux, P., Vignelles, D., Jégou, F., Renard, J. -B., Berthet, G., Levasseur-Regourd, A. -C., Beresnev, S., Miffre, A., Rairoux, P., Vignelles, D., and Jégou, F.

Abstract

While water and sulfuric acid droplets are the main component of stratospheric aerosols, measurements performed for about 30 years have shown that non-sulfate particles (NSPs) are also present. Such particles, released from the Earth mainly through volcanic eruptions, pollution or biomass burning, or coming from space, present a wide variety of compositions, sizes, and shapes. To better understand the origin of NSPs, we have performed measurements with the Light Optical Aerosol Counter (LOAC) during 151 flights under weather balloons in the 2013–2019 period reaching altitudes up to 35 km. Coupled with previous counting measurements conducted over the 2004–2011 period, the LOAC measurements indicate the presence of stratospheric layers of enhanced concentrations associated with NSPs, with a bimodal vertical repartition ranging between 17 and 30 km altitude. Such enhancements are not correlated with permanent meteor shower events. They may be linked to dynamical and photophoretic effects lifting and sustaining particles coming from the Earth. Besides, large particles, up to several tens of µm, were detected and present decreasing concentrations with increasing altitudes. All these particles can originate from Earth but also from meteoroid disintegrations and from the interplanetary dust cloud and comets. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Published
2020

9. Quantifying the impact of moderate volcanic eruptions on the stratosphere

Author

Jégou, Fabrice, Berthet, Gwenaël, Lurton, T, Vignelles, D, Bègue, Nelson, Portafaix, Thierry, Payen, G, Bencherif, Hassan, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, Clarisse, L, Vernier, Jean-Paul, Krysztofiak, G, Roberts, Tjarda, Jourdain, Lise, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), NASA Langley Research Center [Hampton] (LaRC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, respiratory system, complex mixtures
Abstract

National audience; It is expected that the aerosols in the stratosphere, are predominantly sulfates resulting from natural or anthropogenic sources of precursor gases mainly: carbonyl sulfide (OCS), sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulphate aerosols are regarded as the main constituent of the "Junge layer" between the tropopause and about 30 km. This assumption is regularly challenged by detection of solid aerosols with aircraft and balloonmeasurements. The direct injection of gaseous SO2 into the stratosphere by major volcanic eruptions is likely to generate significant amounts of sulfate aerosols that can stay for several years. Recently, Vernier et al. (2011) have shown from satellite measurements that moderate eruptions modulate the aerosol content during periods not influenced by a major volcanic eruption, called "background" periods.Surprisingly, the radiative impact of the background stratospheric aerosols over the last decade, has been found to be significant with a counterbalance to global warming (Solomon et al., 2011).

Published
2015

10. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights

Author

Renard, J.-B., primary, Dulac, F., additional, Berthet, G., additional, Lurton, T., additional, Vignelles, D., additional, Jégou, F., additional, Tonnelier, T., additional, Thaury, C., additional, Jeannot, M., additional, Couté, B., additional, Akiki, R., additional, Verdier, N., additional, Mallet, M., additional, Gensdarmes, F., additional, Charpentier, P., additional, Mesmin, S., additional, Duverger, V., additional, Dupont, J. C., additional, Elias, T., additional, Crenn, V., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Giacomoni, J., additional, Gobbi, M., additional, Hamonou, E., additional, Olafsson, H., additional, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., additional, Camy-Peyret, C., additional, Mazel, C., additional, Décamps, T., additional, Piringer, M., additional, Surcin, J., additional, and Daugeron, D., additional

Published
2015
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11. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles – Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation

Author

Renard, J.-B., primary, Dulac, F., additional, Berthet, G., additional, Lurton, T., additional, Vignelles, D., additional, Jégou, F., additional, Tonnelier, T., additional, Thaury, C., additional, Jeannot, M., additional, Couté, B., additional, Akiki, R., additional, Verdier, N., additional, Mallet, M., additional, Gensdarmes, F., additional, Charpentier, P., additional, Duverger, V., additional, Dupont, J.-C., additional, Mesmin, S., additional, Elias, T., additional, Crenn, V., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Giacomoni, J., additional, Gobbi, M., additional, Hamonou, E., additional, Olafsson, H., additional, Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P., additional, Camy-Peyret, C., additional, Mazel, C., additional, Décamps, T., additional, Piringer, M., additional, Surcin, J., additional, and Daugeron, D., additional

Published
2015
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14. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles - Part 2: First results from balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle flights.

Author

Renard, J.-B., Dulac, F., Berthet, G., Lurton, T., Vignelles, D., Jégou, F., Tonnelier, T., Thaury, C., Jeannot, M., Couté, B., Akiki, R., Verdier, N., Mallet, M., Gensdarmes, F., Charpentier, P., Mesmin, S., Duverger, V., Dupont, J. C., Elias, T., and Crenn, V.

Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, DRONE aircraft, PARTICLE size distribution
Abstract

In the companion paper (Renard et al., 2015), we have described and evaluated a new versatile optical particle counter/sizer named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter) based on scattering measurements at angles of 12 and 60° that allows some topology identification of particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts, and mineral dust) in addition to size segregated counting in a large diameter range from 0.2 up to possibly more than 100 μm depending on sampling conditions. Its capabilities overpass those of preceding optical particle counters (OPCs) allowing the characterization of all kind of aerosols from submicronic-sized absorbing carbonaceous particles in polluted air to very coarse particles (> 10-20 μm in diameter) in desert dust plumes or fog and clouds. LOAC's light and compact design allows measurements under all kinds of balloons, on-board unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and at ground level.We illustrate here the first LOAC airborne results obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a variety of scientific balloons. The UAV was deployed in a peri-urban environment near Bordeaux in France. Balloon operations include (i) tethered balloons deployed in urban environments in Vienna (Austria) and Paris (France), (ii) pressurized balloons drifting in the lower troposphere over the western Mediterranean (during the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment - ChArMEx campaigns), (iii) meteorological sounding balloons launched in the western Mediterranean region (ChArMEx) and from Aire-sur l'Adour in south-western France (VOLTAIRE-LOAC campaign). More focus is put on measurements performed in the Mediterranean during (ChArMEx) and especially during African dust transport events to illustrate the original capability of balloon-borne LOAC to monitor in situ coarse mineral dust particles. In particular, LOAC has detected unexpected large particles in desert sand plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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15. LOAC: a small aerosol optical counter/sizer for ground-based and balloon measurements of the size distribution and nature of atmospheric particles - Part 1: Principle of measurements and instrument evaluation.

Author

Renard, J.-B., Dulac, F., Berthet, G., Lurton, T., Vignelles, D., Jégou, F., Tonnelier, T., Thaury, C., Jeannot, M., Couté, B., Akiki, R., Verdier, N., Mallet, M., Gensdarmes, F., Charpentier, P., Duverger, V., Dupont, J.-C., Mesmin, S., Elias, T., and Crenn, V.

Subjects
TROPOSPHERIC aerosols, PARTICLE size distribution, AIR quality
Abstract

The study of aerosols in the troposphere and in the stratosphere is of major importance both for climate and air quality studies. Among the numerous instruments available, aerosol particles counters provide the size distribution in diameter range from few hundreds of nm to few tens of μm. Most of them are very sensitive to the nature of aerosols, and this can result in significant biases in the retrieved size distribution. We describe here a new versatile optical particle/sizer counter (OPC) named LOAC (Light Optical Aerosol Counter), which is light and compact enough to perform measurements not only at the surface but under all kinds of balloons in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. LOAC is an original OPC performing observations at two scattering angles. The first one is around 12°, and is almost insensitive to the nature of the particles; the second one is around 60° and is strongly sensitive to the refractive index of the particles. By combining measurement at the two angles, it is possible to retrieve accurately the size distribution and to estimate the nature of the dominant particles (droplets, carbonaceous, salts and mineral particles) in several size classes. This topology is based on calibration charts obtained in the laboratory. Several campaigns of cross-comparison of LOAC with other particle counting instruments and remote sensing photometers have been conducted to validate both the size distribution derived by LOAC and the retrieved particle number density. The topology of the aerosols has been validated in well-defined conditions including urban pollution, desert dust episodes, fog, and cloud. Comparison with reference aerosol mass monitoring instruments also shows that the LOAC measurements can be successfully converted to mass concentrations. All these tests indicate that no bias is present in the LOAC measurements and in the corresponding data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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16. Light scattering at small angles by atmospheric irregular particles: modelling and laboratory measurements.

Author

Lurton, T., Renard, J.-B., Vignelles, D., Jeannot, M., Akiki, R., Mineau, J.-L., and Tonnelier, T.

Subjects
LIGHT scattering, MIE scattering, METEOROLOGICAL optics, ATMOSPHERIC chemistry, PARTICLE size determination
Abstract

We investigated the behaviour of light scattering by particulates of various sizes (0.1 μm to 100 μm) at a small scattering angle. It was previously shown that for a small angle, the scattered intensities are weakly dependent upon the particulates’ nature (Renard et al., 2010). Particles found in the atmosphere exhibit roughness that leads to large discrepancies with the classical Mie solution in terms of scattered intensities in the low angular set-up. This article focuses on building an effective theoretical tool to predict the behaviour of light scattering by real particulates at a small scattering angle. We expose both the classical Mie theory and an adaptation to the case of rough particulates with a fairly simple roughness parametrisation. An experimental device was built, corresponding to the angular set-up of interest (low scattering angle and therefore low angular aperture), and measurements are presented that confirm the theoretical results with a good agreement. It is found that the differences between the classical Mie solution and actual measurements, especially for large particulates, can be attributed to the roughness of particulates. It is also found that, in this low angular set-up, saturation of the scattered intensities occurs for relatively small values of the roughness parameter. This confirms the low variability in the scattered intensities for particulates of different kinds. A direct interest of this study is a broadening of the dynamic range of optical counters: using a small angle of aperture for measurements allows greater dynamics in terms of particle size, and thus enables a single device to observe a broad range of particle sizes whilst utilising the same electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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17. Validation of a novel Multi-Gas sensor for volcanic HCl alongside H2S and SO2 at Mt. Etna

Author

Gaetano Giudice, Michel Chartier, R. Baron, Alessandro Aiuppa, Tjarda Roberts, Damien Vignelles, Mauro Coltelli, John Saffell, Benoit Couté, Marco Liuzzo, Thibaut Lurton, Giuseppe Salerno, Bruno Scaillet, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Palermo (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Dipartimento DiSTeM, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Catania (INGV), Alphasense Ltd, Sensor Technology House, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Magma - UMR7327, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), ANR-10-LABX-0100,VOLTAIRE,Geofluids and Volatil elements – Earth, Atmosphere, Interfaces – Resources and Environment(2010), ANR-14-CE03-0004,STRAP,Synergie Transdisciplinaire pour Répondre aux Aléas liées au Panaches volcaniques(2014), European Project: 305377,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,BRIDGE(2012), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Università di Palermo, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Roberts, T., Lurton, T., Giudice, G., Liuzzo, M., Aiuppa, A., Coltelli, M., Vignelles, D., Salerno, G., Couté, B., Chartier, M., Baron, R., Saffell, J., and Scaillet, B.

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Response model, Poison control, Mineralogy, Open-system volcanic degassing, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Electronic nose, Impact crater, Geochemistry and Petrology, Calibration, Gas composition, Volcanic outgassing, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Multi-Gas instrument, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, E-nose, Outgassing, Volcano, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Halogen, Magma, Chlorine, Geology
Abstract

Erratum to: Bull Volcanol (2017) 79: 36DOI 10.1007/s00445-017-1114-zDuring the steps of corrections, the publisher inadvertently changed the author affiliations so that they were no longer correct. The correct information is given below. The publisher regrets this mistake.; International audience; Volcanic gas emission measurements inform predictions of hazard and atmospheric impacts. For these measurements, Multi-Gas sensors provide low-cost in situ monitoring of gas composition but to date have lacked the ability to detect halogens. Here, two Multi-Gas instruments characterized passive outgassing emissions from Mt. Etna’s (Italy) three summit craters, Voragine (VOR), North-east Crater (NEC) and Bocca Nuova (BN) on 2 October 2013. Signal processing (Sensor Response Model, SRM) approaches are used to analyse H2S/SO2 and HCl/SO2 ratios. A new ability to monitor volcanic HCl using miniature electrochemical sensors is here demonstrated. A “direct-exposure” Multi-Gas instrument contained SO2, H2S and HCl sensors, whose sensitivities, cross-sensitivities and response times were characterized by laboratory calibration. SRM analysis of the field data yields H2S/SO2 and HCl/SO2 molar ratios, finding H2S/SO2 = 0.02 (0.01–0.03), with distinct HCl/SO2 for the VOR, NEC and BN crater emissions of 0.41 (0.38–0.43), 0.58 (0.54–0.60) and 0.20 (0.17–0.33). A second Multi-Gas instrument provided CO2/SO2 and H2O/SO2 and enabled cross-comparison of SO2. The Multi-Gas-measured SO2-HCl-H2S-CO2-H2O compositions provide insights into volcanic outgassing. H2S/SO2 ratios indicate gas equilibration at slightly below magmatic temperatures, assuming that the magmatic redox state is preserved. Low SO2/HCl alongside low CO2/SO2 indicates a partially outgassed magma source. We highlight the potential for low-cost HCl sensing of H2S-poor HCl-rich volcanic emissions elsewhere. Further tests are needed for H2S-rich plumes and for long-term monitoring. Our study brings two new advances to volcano hazard monitoring: real-time in situ measurement of HCl and improved Multi-Gas SRM measurements of gas ratios.

Published
2017
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18. Vertical distribution of aerosols in dust storms during the Arctic winter.

Author

Dagsson-Waldhauserova P, Renard JB, Olafsson H, Vignelles D, Berthet G, Verdier N, and Duverger V

Abstract

High Latitude Dust (HLD) contributes 5% to the global dust budget, but HLD measurements are sparse. Dust observations from Iceland provide dust aerosol distributions during the Arctic winter for the first time, profiling dust storms as well as clean air conditions. Five winter dust storms were captured during harsh conditions. Mean number concentrations during the non-dust flights were <5 particles cm -3 for the particles 0.2-100 µm in diameter and >40 particles cm -3 during dust storms. A moderate dust storm with >250 particles cm -3 (2 km altitude) was captured on 10 th January 2016 as a result of sediments suspended from glacial outburst flood Skaftahlaup in 2015. Similar concentrations were reported previously in the Saharan air layer. Detected particle sizes were up to 20 µm close to the surface, up to 10 µm at 900 m altitude, up to 5 µm at 5 km altitude, and submicron at altitudes >6 km. Dust sources in the Arctic are active during the winter and produce large amounts of particulate matter dispersed over long distances and high altitudes. HLD contributes to Arctic air pollution and has the potential to influence ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds and Arctic amplification.

Published
2019
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