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Accidents resulting from fires caused by electrical devices are frequent occurrences, inflicting substantial damage to both human lives and infrastructure in the Republic of Korea. To ascertain whether these fires stem from external or internal infrastructure factors, investigators such as the police, The National Institute of Scientific Investigation, and the National Fire Research Institute conduct fire-causing inspections. However, obtaining conclusive results in this regard is an intricate process, exacerbated by the dearth of adequate digital forensics tools and related programs. Among electrical devices, multi-socket outlets also contribute to fire incidents. This study explores the feasibility of employing CNN-based deep learning object detection models for fire-causing inspection systems targeting multi-socket outlets. Specifically, we introduce a novel image dataset comprising 6009 images of post-fire multi-socket outlets remaining, categorized into two classes: “burnt-in” and “burnt-out.” This dataset is utilized for training various models, including the YOLO-series (v5, v6, and v8), Faster-RCNN, RetinaNet, and SSD. Results from our experiments show the feasibility of six CNN models in detecting the cause of fire in post-fire sockets. Particularly, YOLOv5s surpasses other models with an accuracy of 89.1% mAP@0.5, a model size of 14.4MB, and an inference time of 44.5ms (equivalent to 22 fps) on RTX 3050. Subsequently, the trained models are implemented in an operational application for trial testing during an executive period.

Massive jellyfish outbreaks have put human lives and marine ecosystems in great danger. As a result, the jellyfish detection methods have drawn a lot of attention, following two directions optical and sonar imaging. This work focuses on using optical imagery and CNN-based deep-learning object detection models to detect jellyfish. While labeled data of jellyfish play an important part in training deep learning models, there are a few open and available labeled datasets. Hence, we create our dataset to train these models using our model-assisted labeling method with over 11 thousand images of underwater jellyfish and corresponding annotation files in PASCAL VOC format. Our model-assisted labeling method saves the work of classical manual labeling by 70 percent, which is developed into application with YOLOv5. However, the YOLOv5 baseline suffers from the trade-off between real-time performance and low accuracy. Hence, an improved YOLOv5-nano is introduced based on adding GAM and replacing conventional Conv with CoordCov modules into the backbone of the conventional structure. The experiment results show that our improved model increases the accuracy of the conventional one by 1.3% and outperforms others including RetinaNet, SSD, Faster R-CNN, YOLOv6, and YOLOv8 at 89.1% mAP@0.5. On generalization performance, we verify the effectiveness of our work by conducting a test set of 15 different types of jellyfish with various shapes, colors, resolutions, and backgrounds. To conclude, our work establishes a comprehensive system from labeling the data, improving object detectors, and developing a feasible real-time jellyfish detector.