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Abstract TRPM4 is a non-selective cation channel activated by intracellular Ca2+ but only permeable to monovalent cations, its activation regulates membrane potential and intracellular calcium. This channel participates in the migration and adhesion of non-excitable cells and forms an integral part of the focal adhesion complex. In neurons, TRPM4 expression starts before birth and its function at this stage is not clear, but it may function in processes such as neurite development. Here we investigate the role of TRPM4 in neuritogenesis. We found that neurons at DIV 0 express TRPM4, the inhibition of TRPM4 using 9-Ph reduces neurite number and slows the progression of neurite development, keeping neurons in stage 1. The genetic suppression of TRPM4 using an shRNA at later stages (DIV2) reduces neurite length. Conversely, at DIV 0, TRPM4 inhibition augments the Cch-induced Ca2 + i increase, altering the calcium homeostasis. Together, these results show that TRPM4 participates in progression of neurite development and suggest a critical role of the calcium modulation during this stage of neuronal development.

One key dimension of individual differences that affects children’s development, interactional behavior, and cognitive processes is temperamental shyness–a tendency to be reluctant or anxious in the face of new social situations. Prior research has documented shyness holds the potential to negatively impact a child’s social functioning, psychological health, and language abilities. However, emerging research from different disciplinary angles sheds a more positive light on shyness by illustrating adaptive aspects such as benefits in social cognitive and communicative functioning (Viertel, 2019). Furthermore, there is accumulating evidence that shyness may not necessarily have a detrimental effect on language learning, especially when knowledge is assessed under familiar conditions (Kucker, Zimmerman, & Chmielewski, 2021; Tolksdorf, Viertel, & Rohlfing, 2021). However, although considered a ubiquitous phenomenon, the relation between shyness and other cognitive, perceptual, and social processes in childhood remains far from understood. Thus, by drawing together multiple levels of analyses and perspectives, the aim of this symposium is to emphasize the diverse manifestations of shyness in interactional settings and its impact on empathy, language, and social interactions.

This study assessed the effect of subclinical mastitis on the productivity and inflammatory markers in Jersey dairy cows. Blood, milk, and milk yield data were collected from 59 Jersey dairy cows reared under a semi-extensive system. Milk samples were collected from individual collectors and evaluated for their somatic cell count (SCC), lactose (Lact), protein, fat, total and defatted dry extracts (DDE), casein, freezing point, and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels. After milking, blood was collected by puncturing the coccygeal arteriovenous complex. In the serum samples, the inflammatory biomarkers paraoxonase-1, albumin, and total plasma protein levels were analyzed using colorimetric methods. Samples of the entire diet provided and pastures were submitted for bromatological analysis. Additionally, the body condition score, number of lactations, milk yield, days of lactation, calving interval, number of inseminations until conception, calving-conception interval, and days of pregnancy were analyzed. The cows were categorized based on their SCC into a subclinical mastitis group (SubG), with SCC levels greater than or equal to 200,000 cells/mL, and a control group (CG), with SCC levels below 200,000 cells/mL. Blood metabolic variables, milk quality, and milk production data were analyzed using multivariate regression, analysis of variance, and logistic regression using the SAS® program. The multivariate regression analysis revealed that several markers, such as Lact, total protein, and casein, influenced milk composition, predicting over 97% of the data. The SubG showed lower concentrations of Lact (4.37 vs. 4.47%; P = 0.0002), MUN (20.55 vs. 23.85 mg/dL; P = 0.02), and DDE (9.24 vs. 9.50%; P = 0.02) compared with the CG; moreover, animals in the SubG had a higher number of lactations compared with those in the CG (4.30 vs. 2.69; P = 0.0039). Cows with a Lact content lower than 4.265% (quartile 25%), compared with those with Lact content greater than 4.565% (quartile 100%), were 52 times more likely to have subclinical mastitis. Jersey dairy cows with subclinical mastitis have lower Lact, urea, and defatted dry extract levels in their milk as well as a higher number of lactations. Therefore, Lact levels in milk serve as a good diagnostic marker of subclinical mastitis in Jersey cows. Subclinical mastitis in Jersey dairy cows did not decrease milk yield nor effect reproductive performance.

Durch die Datafizierung im Bildungsbereich eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten datengetriebene Analysen von Lernprozessen voranzutreiben. Das Dilemma, einerseits Lernprozesse verbessern zu können und andererseits immer stärker in die Privatsphäre der Lernenden einzudringen, lässt sich hierbei nicht vollständig auflösen. In diesem Beitrag möchten wir vorstellen, wie im Projekt musicalytics in Musikschulkursen zum Thema Songwriting in hybriden Lehr-/Lernarrangements während des gesamten Kursverlaufs Bildschirmaufzeichnungen angefertigt wurden, um die Software- und Internetnutzung durch die Teilnehmenden ausserhalb ihrer regulären Kurszeiten zu untersuchen. Neben einer Darstellung der technischen Umsetzung dieser hoch immersiven Form der Datensammlung werden im Beitrag vor allem die Implikationen einer solchen Datafizierung am Beispiel von Bildschirmaufnahmen für die Teilnehmenden diskutiert. Die Lernenden wurden im Anschluss an die Kurse befragt, wie sie diese weitgehende Form der Datenerhebung wahrgenommen haben und welche Rolle diese Art der Beobachtung für ihre Kursaktivitäten spielte. Die zentralen Ergebnisse der qualitativen Interviewstudie mit 15 Teilnehmenden geben Einblick in die ambivalenten Positionierungen der Befragten hinsichtlich Selbstbestimmung, Entgrenzung, Vermessung und Kontrolle im Kursverlauf. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund des non-formalen Lernsettings eingeordnet und diskutiert. Zudem wird deren mögliche Bedeutung für formale Bildungskontexte wie die Schule kritisch reflektiert.

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive imaging technique that enables the visualization of perfused vasculature in vivo. In ophthalmology, it allows the physician to monitor diseases affecting the vascular networks of the retina such as agerelated macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy. Due to the complexity of the vasculature in the retina, it is of interest to automatically extract vascular parameters which describe the condition of the vessels. Suitable parameters could improve the diagnosis and the treatment during the course of therapy. We present an automated algorithm to compute the diameters of the vessels in en face OCTA images. After segmenting the images, the vessel centerline was computed using a thinning algorithm. The centerline was refined by detecting invalid pixels such as spurs and by continuing the centerline until the ends of the vessels. Lastly, the diameter was computed by dilating a discrete circle at the position of the centerline or by measuring the distance between both borders of the vessels. The developed algorithms were applied to in vivo images of human eyes. Certainly, no ground truth was available. Hence, a plausibility check was performed by comparing the measured diameters of two different layers of the retina (Superficial Vascular Complex (SVC) and Deep Vascular Complex (DVC)). Each layer exhibits a different characteristic vasculature. The algorithm clearly reflected the differences from both retinal layers. The measured diameters demonstrate that the DVC consists of more capillaries and considerably smaller vessels compared to the SVC. The presented method enables automated analysis of the retinal vasculature and forms thereby the basis for monitoring diseases influencing the vasculature of the retina. The validation of the method using an artificial ground truth is still needed.

Der vorliegende Beitrag widmet sich der Frage, inwieweit durch das Förderprogramm Digitalpakt bzw. die Schulschliessungen aufgrund der Corona-Pandemie Anzeichen bzw. Tendenzen eines tief(er)greifenden Transformationsprozesses der Digitalisierung für Schulen beschrieben werden können. Im Kern der qualitativen Untersuchung stand die Organisationsentwicklung im Bereich der schulischen Kommunikation und Kollaboration an zehn Bremer Schulen, verbunden mit der Frage, inwieweit dort Entwicklungen über einen technik-induzierten Wandel hinausreichen. Hierzu wurden 26 Interviews bzw. Gruppendiskussionen mit Schulleitungen, Medienbeauftragten und Lehrkräften geführt und qualitativ-inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse geben Einblicke, wie ein solcher digitaler Transformationsprozess als Ausdruck einer veränderten Erwartungshaltung an die Schule beschrieben werden kann, sich verbindlich an der digitalen Kommunikation und Kollaboration zu beteiligen. Dabei steht diese neue Verbindlichkeit im Spannungsfeld einer Erleichterung und Optimierung organisationaler Prozesse einerseits, andererseits einer zunehmenden Arbeitsverdichtung für Lehrkräfte. Hieraus ergeben sich Herausforderungen für die zukünftige Organisationsentwicklung der Schule, die wir mit Blick auf den digitalen Transformationsprozess als Daueraufgabe diskutieren.

Abstract Background The morphology of anuran larvae is suggested to differ between species with tadpoles living in standing (lentic) and running (lotic) waters. To explore which character combinations within the general tadpole morphospace are associated with these habitats, we studied categorical and metric larval data of 123 (one third of which from lotic environments) Madagascan anurans. Results Using univariate and multivariate statistics, we found that certain combinations of fin height, body musculature and eye size prevail either in larvae from lentic or lotic environments. Conclusion Evidence for adaptation to lotic conditions in larvae of Madagascan anurans is presented. While lentic tadpoles typically show narrow to moderate oral discs, small to medium sized eyes, convex or moderately low fins and non-robust tail muscles, tadpoles from lotic environments typically show moderate to broad oral discs, medium to big sized eyes, low fins and a robust tail muscle.

Originally, amphibia reproduced in waters. They evolved astonishing adaptations to escape from desiccation and predation. The new adaptations of Anurans include small water-bearing phytotelmata, epiphytes, tree hollows or terrestrial alternative biotopes. Several species develop cryptic larvae (in the past called "directly developing larvae"), endotrophic feeding on comparatively yolk-rich eggs, parental care (transport of eggs and larvae, guarding the offspring and extra feeding with nourishing eggs) - in only a few species, the development inside the oral cavity or the stomach and very seldom the development within the oviduct. Contrary to this, oviductal gestation occurs in Urodela more frequently and in Gymnophiona regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2012, the city of Arcola, Illinois, commissioned a series of 15 "historic" murals as part of a broader community beautification project. Mural themes were chosen to showcase features of the city's settlement history and changing geographic patterns. This paper examines how Arcola's murals serve to represent the community by focusing on selected examples that portray the city's locational heritage and ethnicity. We also consider how murals, as a form of public art, can play a role in tourism development strategies and inform notions of connectivity, community memory, and placemaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dioctophyma renale é o maior nematódeo que parasita o rim de mamíferos domésticos, silvestres e humanos, mas é encontrado principalmente em carnívoros piscívoros. É uma parasitose que afeta com mais frequência o rim direito, podendo causar insuficiência renal e levar o animal a morte. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar o caso clínico de um cão, sem raça definida (SRD), macho, com idade estimada de 10 anos e peso de 8 quilos do munícipio de Joinville e descrever o procedimento cirúrgico da nefrectomia realizada para a retirada do parasito. O diagnóstico da presença de Dioctophyma renale foi um achado acidental, após ser realizada uma ultrassonografia, por outras suspeitas e devido a maiores problemas de saúde os quais o cão apresentava, morreu dias após a realização da cirurgia.

In acquiring a meaningful and rich religious language, children need to build up semantic knowledge about religious words. Most religious concepts do not refer directly to visible entities. Instead, their meanings are often abstract and emerge from the social observation of the world. In our pilot study, we investigate the acquisition of the religious word merciful in 7–8-year-olds during dialogic reading of a biblical story. Merciful is a prototypical religious concept and therefore a fruitful subject for research on the acquisition of religious concepts. First, following the perspective of religious education, we present theological models that identify relevant semantic aspects that constitute mercy. Two of these models relate to interpersonal behavior, which is most common in contemporary understanding. In a second step, we analyze which theological models of mercy are evoked in dialogic reading between caregivers and their children and how they are expressed linguistically. In a third step, we designed a picture story test that allowed us to investigate how children apply their knowledge to novel (secular) contexts and which theological models are evident in children’s problem solving. Our results show that two different theological models of mercy prevail during dialogic reading: the model of forgiveness and the model of compassion. Although the model of forgiveness is central in our settings, the language data show that the model of compassion is also present in the caregiver’s and children’s language. During dialogic reading, the frequency of the semantic aspects of the model of forgiveness expressed between child and caregiver is significantly related. In the picture story test, children are more likely to select semantic aspects of the model of forgiveness in religious contexts than in secular contexts. Interestingly, in secular contexts, children chose semantic neighbors more often, indicating a more diffuse understanding of merciful.

Unique integrative learning approaches represent a fundamental opportunity for undergraduate students and faculty alike to combine interdisciplinary methods with applied spatial research. Geography and geoscience-related disciplines are particularly well-suited to adapt multiple methods within a holistic and reflective mentored research paradigm. The case study presented is successful geography-geology collaboration at a regional comprehensive university. Faculty participation allowed them to broaden the scope of their research and expand cooperative relationships within the academy, while students benefited from a wider context for disciplinary training, improved community engagement, and professional development opportunities.