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Estimating the flow velocity and discharge in rivers is of particular interest for monitoring, modeling, and research purposes. Instruments for measuring water level and surface velocity are generally mounted on bridge decks, and this poses a challenge because the bridge structure, with piers and abutments, can perturb the flow field. The current research aims to investigate the applicability of entropy theory to estimate the velocity distribution and the discharge in the vicinity of river bridges. For this purpose, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to obtain three-dimensional flow fields along a stretch of the Paglia River (central Italy), where a historical multi-arch bridge strongly affects flood flows. The input data for the entropy model include the cross-sectional bathymetry and the surface velocity provided by the numerical simulations. A total of 12 samples, including three different flow conditions at four cross-sections, one upstream and three downstream of the bridge, are considered. It is found that the entropy model can be reliably applied upstream of the bridge, also when forced with a single (i.e., the maximum) value of the surface velocity, with errors on total discharge below 13 % in the considered case. By contrast, downstream of the bridge, the wakes generated by the bridge piers strongly affect the velocity distribution, both in the spanwise and in the vertical directions and for very long distances. Here, notwithstanding the complex and multimodal spanwise distribution of flow velocity, the entropy model estimates the discharge with error lower than 8 % if forced with the river-wide distribution of the surface velocity. The present study has important implications for the optimal positioning of sensors and suggests the potential of using CFD modeling and entropy theory jointly to foster greater knowledge of river systems.

O ensaio discute a problemática concernente à formação do sujeito pesquisador diante da exigência de adequabilidade conceitual da pesquisa bibliográfica a partir das contribuições da hermenêutica. Apresenta alguns princípios hermenêuticos que podem servir de referência à formação do sujeito pesquisador no que se refere à interpretação textual e conceitual na pesquisa educacional. Conclui que a pesquisa educacional encontra, na postura hermenêutica, ferramentas conceituais indispensáveis para tomar de maneira mais adequada possível a vulnerabilidade da condição da educabilidade humana.

Background: Whether solid organ transplant (SOT) can be safely performed in recipients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection is still a debated question. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on recipients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection at the time of surgery and the associated outcomes. Results: From 29 studies, we identified 54 recipients; their median age was 47.5 years, and over half (23/54, 54.85%) were affected by fewer than two comorbidities. Kidney was the most common transplanted organ (24/54, 44.4%). SOT was performed without knowing the ongoing infection in 11.1% (6/54) of patients. On average, 16.1 (SD 23.2) days elapsed between SARS-CoV-2 infection and SOT, with a mean Ct value at diagnosis and transplantation of 29 and 31.9, respectively. Most patients (25/39,64.1%) had received previous COVID-19 vaccinations. Twenty-four patients (45.3%) received an anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy. Ten patients (18.5%) required oxygen support, while seven (13.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit. There were two reported cases (3.7%) of all-cause death, while there were no cases of COVID-19-related death. Conclusions: Deliberate SOT of recipients with ongoing SARS-CoV-2 is performed worldwide in candidates of nonlung transplant who are fit, immunized against the virus, and displaying a nonsevere disease course. No COVID-19-related deaths were recorded.

Background: Despite the well-known efficacy of anti-COVID-19 vaccines in preventing morbidity and mortality, several vaccinated individuals are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, which might require hospitalisation. This multicentre, observational, and retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of vaccinated vs. non-vaccinated patients, both hospitalised with SARS-CoV-2 infection in 3 major hospitals in Northern Italy. Methods: Data collection was retrospective, and paper and electronic medical records of adult patients with a diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection were pseudo-anonymised and analysed. Vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals were manually paired, using a predetermined matching criterion (similar age, gender, and date of hospitalisation). Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were compared between groups differing by vaccination status using Pearson’s Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests. Moreover, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of vaccination status on ICU admission or intra-hospital mortality. Results: Data from 360 patients were collected. Vaccinated patients presented with a higher prevalence of relevant comorbidities, like kidney replacement therapy or haematological malignancy, despite a milder clinical presentation at the first evaluation. Non-vaccinated patients required intensive care more often than their vaccinated counterparts (8.8% vs. 1.7%, p = 0.002). Contrariwise, no difference in intra-hospital mortality was observed between the two groups (19% vs. 20%, p = 0.853). These results were confirmed by multivariable logistic regressions, which showed that vaccination was significantly associated with decreased risk of ICU admission (aOR=0.172, 95%CI: 0.039–0.542, p = 0.007), but not of intra-hospital mortality (aOR=0.996, 95%CI: 0.582–1.703, p = 0.987). Conclusions: This study provides real-world data on vaccinated patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Northern Italy. Our results suggest that COVID-19 vaccination has a protective role in individuals with higher risk profiles, especially regarding the need for ICU admission. These findings contribute to our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes among vaccinated individuals and emphasise the importance of vaccination in preventing severe disease, particularly in those countries with lower first-booster uptake rates.

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. Results: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. Conclusion: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups.

Abstract Soil organic matter is closely linked to the quality of Agroecosystems and directly influences the agricultural production and the environmental conditions. Understanding of soil organic matter dynamics in agroforestry systems requires studies with a temporal focus, since the changes in its chemical composition tend to follow a gradual behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of changes in stocks and chemical composition of soil organic matter under agroforestry, using systems in different stages of vegetation succession. The soil sampling was carried out from trenches, and litter fractions were also sampled. The samples were collected from different layers of the soil profile under the following conditions: Control; agroforestry with 1 year; agroforestry with 3 years; agroforestry with 7 years and Forest in natural regeneration. The following attributes/parameters were determined/calculated: i) C and N contents and stocks and C/N ratio; ii) C and N proportions in soil granulometric fractions and iii) kinetics of organic matter accumulation in soil with the time of systems evolution. The results showed: i) The C/N ratio tended to increase in depth but did not show a clear variation between the systems evaluated; ii) the adoption of successive agroforestry practices has the potential to increase the C and N stocks in soil; iii) the soil organic matter accumulation occurs gradually during the systems evolution and is mainly related to the particulate fraction (> 0.053 mm).

Este artigo objetiva entender os riscos e possibilidades na busca por sustentabilidade a partir do desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias Objetivos específicos: a) compreender as premissas e dimensões da sustentabilidade; b) estudar e comparar conceitos como “quarta revolução industrial”, “sociedade de risco” e “indústria 4.0”; c) avaliar como as tecnologias disruptivas contemporâneas acarretam riscos inerentes de modo paralelo a contribuições para com a sustentabilidade; d) debater acerca do papel do Direito na sistemática de possíveis alternativas regulatórias para a tecnologia. Metodologia: método de procedimento hipotético-dedutivo, com abordagem qualitativa e técnica de revisão bibliográfica.

Google y Microsoft están presentes en todos los sectores de nuestras vidas. Este fenómeno proviene de una nueva configuración del sistema económico, que se entiende como capitalismo de vigilancia, en el que algunas empresas basan sus modelos de negocio en la recopilación y seguimiento de datos. En Brasil, notamos la presencia de estas grandes tecnológicas en la educación cuando analizamos que casi el 80% de las instituciones públicas de educación superior tienen un acuerdo con una de estas empresas. En este sentido, nos preguntamos: ¿cuáles son las posibles consecuencias de un proceso de plataformatización de las universidades públicas brasileñas? Este estudio documental bibliográfico con enfoque hermenéutico reconstructivo tiene como base teórica las discusiones desarrolladas por Van Dijck y Poell en torno a la plataformatización de la educación pública. Para ello, fueron seleccionadas siete universidades públicas brasileñas. Se entiende que hay un proceso de plataformatización de la Educación Superior pública brasileña en curso, con intenciones reales de generar cambios en el proyecto educativo de la universidad.

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem, and it is especially relevant among liver transplant recipients where infections, particularly when caused by microorganisms with a difficult-to-treat profile, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. We provide here a complete dissection of the antibiotics active against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria approved over the last years, focusing on their activity spectrum, toxicity profile and PK/PD properties, including therapeutic drug monitoring, in the setting of liver transplantation. Specifically, the following drugs are presented: ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, cefiderocol, and eravacycline. Overall, studies on the safety and optimal employment of these drugs in liver transplant recipients are limited and especially needed. Nevertheless, these pharmaceuticals have undeniably enhanced therapeutic options for infected liver transplant recipients.

Problematizamos, neste ensaio, a tendência nacional e internacional de esvaziamento do sentido humanizado da educação que tem se materializado na linguagem da aprendizagem, discutindo novas possiblidades para a formação docente a partir do enfoque das capacidades humanas proposto por Martha Nussbaum. Para tanto, realizamos um estudo hermenêutico das seguintes obras publicadas pela autora: Crear Capacidades: propuesta para el desarrollo humano, El cultivo de la humanidade: uma defensa clásica de la reforma em la educación liberal, Sem fins lucrativos: por que a democracia precisa das humanidades. Tendo por base a sua concepção de formação liberal e democrática, apontamos algumas críticas ao modelo de educação como negócio, justificando alguns aspectos do enfoque das capacidades humana para a formação de professores.

Necrotizing amebic colitis is an uncommon amebiasis complication associated with high mortality. We present a case of necrotizing amebic colitis in an old patient whose diagnosis was revealed at postmortem examination. An 81-year-old man died at home without medical attention. The postmortem examination revealed ulcers involving the entire colon and intestinal perforation. The ulcers were large, geographic, and necrotizing, extending from the cecum to the rectum. The histological examination disclosed the infectious etiology by showing amebic trophozoites at the base of the ulcers. No extra-intestinal lesions were found. No information about previous episodes of dysentery or travel could be obtained. The potential role of aging or drug-causing immunosuppression and the evolution of chronic and latent intestinal infection to a severe and invasive form of amebiasis is discussed. This case reinforces the value of postmortem examination for diagnosing diseases not clinically identified.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive, lethal neurodegenerative disease mostly affecting people around 50–60 years of age. TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein involved in pre-mRNA splicing and controlling mRNA stability and translation, forms neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in an overwhelming majority of ALS patients, a phenomenon referred to as TDP-43 proteinopathy. These cytoplasmic aggregates disrupt mRNA transport and localization. The axon, like dendrites, is a site of mRNA translation, permitting the local synthesis of selected proteins. This is especially relevant in upper and lower motor neurons, whose axon spans long distances, likely accentuating their susceptibility to ALS-related noxae. In this work we have generated and characterized two cellular models, consisting of virtually pure populations of primary mouse cortical neurons expressing a human TDP-43 fusion protein, wt or carrying an ALS mutation. Both forms facilitate cytoplasmic aggregate formation, unlike the corresponding native proteins, giving rise to bona fide primary culture models of TDP-43 proteinopathy. Neurons expressing TDP-43 fusion proteins exhibit a global impairment in axonal protein synthesis, an increase in oxidative stress, and defects in presynaptic function and electrical activity. These changes correlate with deregulation of axonal levels of polysome-engaged mRNAs playing relevant roles in the same processes. Our data support the emerging notion that deregulation of mRNA metabolism and of axonal mRNA transport may trigger the dying-back neuropathy that initiates motor neuron degeneration in ALS.

Despite the unique and complex nature of cancer pain, the activation of different ion channels can be related to the initiation and maintenance of pain. The transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is a cation channel broadly expressed in sensory afferent neurons. This channel is activated by multiple stimuli to mediate pain perception associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we focused on summarizing the role of TRPV4 in cancer etiology and cancer-induced pain mechanisms. Many studies revealed that the administration of a TRPV4 antagonist and TRPV4 knockdown diminishes nociception in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Although the evidence on TRPV4 channels’ involvement in cancer pain is scarce, the expression of these receptors was reportedly enhanced in cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP), perineural, and orofacial cancer models following the inoculation of tumor cells to the bone marrow cavity, sciatic nerve, and tongue, respectively. Effective pain management is a continuous problem for patients diagnosed with cancer, and current guidelines fail to address a mechanism-based treatment. Therefore, examining new molecules with potential antinociceptive properties targeting TRPV4 modulation would be interesting. Identifying such agents could lead to the development of treatment strategies with improved pain-relieving effects and fewer adverse effects than the currently available analgesics.

O presente artigo aborda a relação da fotografia com a publicidade e os processos em uma produção de foto publicitária, aprofundando estudos sobre a manipulação de imagem e seus reais impactos dentro da publicidade. As fotos publicitárias são manipuladas artificialmente, trazendo um resultado positivo através de aspectos visuais em anúncios e, tornando assim, uma marca mais atraente, todavia, contempla conflitos negativos por meio de comportamentos sociais que podem surgir a partir disso. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender como a manipulação de imagem pode influenciar os consumidores. A partir de uma metodologia de pesquisa aplicada, foi desenvolvido um questionário on-line, cujos resultados constataram que, atualmente, as pessoas percebem quando há manipulação de imagem, o que acarreta em mudanças comportamentais na sociedade, porém, mesmo assim, continuam a consumir as marcas que se utilizam dessa técnica em seus anúncios

Specific immune suppression types have been associated with a greater risk of severe COVID-19 disease and death. We analyzed data from patients >17 years that were hospitalized for COVID-19 at the “Fondazione IRCCS Ca′ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico” in Milan (Lombardy, Northern Italy). The study included 1727 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (1,131 males, median age of 65 years) hospitalized between February 2020 and November 2022. Of these, 321 (18.6%, CI: 16.8–20.4%) had at least one condition defining immune suppression. Immune suppressed subjects were more likely to have other co-morbidities (80.4% vs. 69.8%, p

Abstract Regeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) leverages on extensive exchange of factors released from motor axon terminals (MATs), muscle fibers and perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs), among which hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a major pro-regenerative signal. To identify critical determinants of NMJ remodeling in response to injury, we performed temporal transcriptional profiling of NMJs from 2 month-old mice during MAT degeneration/regeneration, and cross-referenced the differentially expressed genes with those elicited by H2O2 in SCs. We identified an enrichment in extracellular matrix (ECM) transcripts, including Connective Tissue Growth Factor (Ctgf), which is usually expressed during development. We discovered that Ctgf levels are increased in a Yes-associated protein (YAP)-dependent fashion in response to rapid, local H2O2 signaling generated by stressed mitochondria in the injured sciatic nerve, a finding highlighting the importance of signals triggered by mechanical force to motor nerve repair. Through sequestration of Ctgf or inactivation of H2O2, we delayed the recovery of neuromuscular function by impairing SC migration and, in turn, axon-oriented re-growth. These data indicate that H2O2 and its downstream effector Ctgf are pro-regenerative factors that enable axonal growth, and reveal a striking ECM remodeling process during nerve regeneration upon local H2O2 signaling. Our study identifies key transcriptomic changes at the regenerating NMJ, providing a rich source of pro-regenerative factors with potential for alleviating the consequences of peripheral nerve injuries.

Passive immunization with mAbs has been employed in COVID-19. We performed a systematic review of the literature assessing the endogenous humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in patients treated with mAbs. Administration of mAbs in seronegative patients led to a reduction in both antibody titres and neutralizing activity against the virus.

A água é o nutriente mais importante do nosso corpo. Há evidências de que a desidratação leve pode desempenhar um papel para a ocorrência de várias doenças crônicas como: doenças renais e urinárias, constipação, doenças respiratórias, hiperglicemia na cetoacidose diabética, hipertensão arterial, doença coronariana fatal, tromboembolismo venoso e infarto cerebral. Além disso, o consumo inadequado de água tem sido associado com o ganho de peso. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o consumo de água pura sobre as medidas antropométricas e de consumo dietético em indivíduos em atendimento nutricional. O trabalho foi realizado mediante consultas de prontuários de pacientes do Ambulatório de Atendimento Nutricional da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Palmeira das Missões, de pacientes atendidos no ano de 2019. A pesquisa investigou 52 prontuários de pacientes, sendo na sua maioria mulheres (78,84%) com sobrepeso e obesidade (51,91%) e que apresentavam baixo consumo de água. As análises estatísticas mostraram, que o grupo que consumiu menos água possuía a circunferência do quadril (CQ) e índice de adiposidade corporal (IAC) aumentados em relação ao grupo que consumia mais água. A diferença entre as médias ficou em torno de 9.31 cm (± 3.15) para CQ e 5.14% (± 1.89) para o IAC (p30 kg/m2 (n= 27), 9 consumiram mais que 1,5L/dia de água, e, o dobro, 18 consumiu até 1,5L/dia de água. Como a água importante para todos os processos vitais, faz-se necessário avaliar o consumo de água na população, para que intervenções sejam realizadas por profissionais da saúde e, principalmente, por nutricionistas.

Este relato de experiência objetiva compartilhar a vivência de tutoria do núcleo de psicologia na ênfase da Atenção Básica/Estratégia Saúde da Família em seu processo de reinvenção durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Considerando o contexto vigente, fez-se necessário repensar o espaço da tutoria de maneira a dar continuidade às atividades pedagógicas, mesmo numa situação que exigia que elas fossem realizadas de modo remoto. Diante desse imperativo, foi preciso reorganizar nossa modalidade de trabalho, transpondo os encontros presenciais para o modo virtual, fazendo destes momentos de aprendizagens e trocas significativas das vivências atravessadas pela situação da pandemia. O caminho construído pelas residentes na circunstância da pandemia exigiu mudanças nas práticas da psicologia e nos processos de inserção e de trabalho no território. Entretanto, o maior desafio foi não se deixar paralisar. Assim, ancoradas em uma perspectiva da psicologia sócio-histórica, construímos uma prática pautada nos afetos, na ética e na ação coletiva. Assumindo o compromisso e o comprometimento com uma psicologia capaz de se reinventar, sendo criativa, inventiva e propositiva.

A tecnologia blockchain, que surgiu junto com o bitcoin em 2008, tem atraído cada vez mais novos usuários, principalmente por suas características de descentralização, transparência e distribuição. Funcionando através de contratos inteligentes autoexecutáveis e organizando todas as transações em uma cadeia de blocos, armazenando todos os dados de uma forma imutável, faz com que os usuários se sintam mais seguros, porém, ao mesmo tempo, pode oferecer alguns riscos. Por isso, neste estudo, através do método de pesquisa hipotético-dedutivo e através da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, a presente pesquisa visa estudar as definições e aplicações de blockchain, bem como levantar a discussão sobre uma abordagem legal à tecnologia disruptiva. Termina concluindo que embora tal tecnologia ofereça ótimas perspectivas por não ser necessariamente coordenada por um ponto central oferece alguns riscos como por exemplo, possibilitar diversas práticas ilícitas e criminosas; logo, a presente investigação entende deve ser feita uma melhor abordagem acerca dos estudos de regulamentação do blockchain. Seja através da adoção de uma Lex Cryptographia, alguma legislação estatal, ou um esforço conjunto entre as duas.

BackgroundDigital contact tracing algorithms (DCTAs) have emerged as a means of supporting pandemic containment strategies and protecting populations from the adverse effects of COVID-19. However, the impact of DCTAs on users’ privacy and autonomy has been heavily debated. Although privacy is often viewed as the ability to control access to information, recent approaches consider it as a norm that structures social life. In this regard, cultural factors are crucial in evaluating the appropriateness of information flows in DCTAs. Hence, an important part of ethical evaluations of DCTAs is to develop an understanding of their information flow and their contextual situatedness to be able to adequately evaluate questions about privacy. However, only limited studies and conceptual approaches are currently available in this regard. ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a case study methodology to include contextual cultural factors in ethical analysis and present exemplary results of a subsequent analysis of 2 different DCTAs following this approach. MethodsWe conducted a comparative qualitative case study of the algorithm of the Google Apple Exposure Notification Framework as exemplified in the German Corona Warn App and the Japanese approach of Computation of Infection Risk via Confidential Locational Entries (CIRCLE) method. The methodology was based on a postphenomenological perspective, combined with empirical investigations of the technological artifacts within their context of use. An ethics of disclosure approach was used to focus on the social ontologies created by the algorithms and highlight their connection to the question about privacy. ResultsBoth algorithms use the idea of representing a social encounter of 2 subjects. These subjects gain significance in terms of risk against the background of a representation of their temporal and spatial properties. However, the comparative analysis reveals 2 major differences. Google Apple Exposure Notification Framework prioritizes temporality over spatiality. In contrast, the representation of spatiality is reduced to distance without any direction or orientation. However, the CIRCLE framework prioritizes spatiality over temporality. These different concepts and prioritizations can be seen to align with important cultural differences in considering basic concepts such as subject, time, and space in Eastern and Western thought. ConclusionsThe differences noted in this study essentially lead to 2 different ethical questions about privacy that are raised against the respective backgrounds. These findings have important implications for the ethical evaluation of DCTAs, suggesting that a culture-sensitive assessment is required to ensure that technologies fit into their context and create less concern regarding their ethical acceptability. Methodologically, our study provides a basis for an intercultural approach to the ethics of disclosure, allowing for cross-cultural dialogue that can overcome mutual implicit biases and blind spots based on cultural differences.

The seed is one of the main agricultural inputs and its quality is one of the key factors for success in rice cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of rice seeds with different doses of the insecticide cyantraniliprole and its performance during storage of rice seeds. Rice seeds of the cultivar IRGA 424 RI treated at doses 0 (control), 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mL of the product for each 100 kg of seeds were used. Evaluations were performed during storage periods 0, 60, 90, 135 and 180 days after treatment. Seed quality was monitored through the germination test, cold test and emergence. Under the conditions in which the work was carried out, we can conclude that: cyantraniliprole at doses of 60, 80 and 100 ml/100 kg of seeds provides greater germination when the seeds are not stored, however the dose of 60 mL/100 kg showed higher percentages of germination in other storage periods. For the cold test, cyantraniliprole in all doses was superior to the control without treatment and in the doses 60 mL/100kg of seeds it was superior in the storage times 0, 135 and 180 days, already in the storage periods 60 and 90 days the dose of 60 mL/100kg did not differ from the dose of 80 mL/100 kg. For the emergence of seedlings, the treatment with the insecticide at a dose of 60 mL/100kg of seeds was superior to the others, except for the storage period of 135 days.

Summary: The last decade has witnessed massive advancements in high-throughput techniques capable of producing increasingly complex gene expression datasets across time and space and at the resolution of single cells. Yet, the large volume of big data available and the complexity of experimental designs hamper an easy understanding and effective communication of the results.We present expressyouRcell, an easy-to-use R package to map the multi-dimensional variations of transcript and protein levels in dynamic cell pictographs. expressyouRcell visualizes gene expression variations as pictographic representations of cell-type thematic maps. expressyouRcell visually reduces the complexity of displaying gene expression and protein level changes across multiple measurements (time points or single-cell trajectories) by generating dynamic representations of cellular pictographs.We applied expressyouRcell to single cell, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and proteomics datasets, demonstrating its flexibility and usability in the visualization of complex variations in gene expression. Our approach improves the standard quantitative interpretation and communication of relevant results.

Background: Immunological treatments (immune checkpoint inhibitors [ICIs], chimeric antigen receptor T [CAR-T] cells, bispecific T-cell engagers [BiTEs]) have deeply changed the treatment of several cancers. However, the impact of these treatments on the risk of developing infections has not been completely ascertained yet. Methods: We reviewed all the registration studies of currently approved ICIs, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs to collect all the reported infections. For each drug, we have generated a report with the infections occurring in at least 10% of the patients enrolled. Results: The most frequently reported infections involving patients treated with ICIs involved the respiratory tract, including nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and pneumonia and the urinary tract. Those treated with CAR-T cells frequently reported the incidence of unspecified infections and infestations, bacterial infections, and viral infections. In patients treated with BiTEs, nasopharyngitis, pneumonia, and device-related infections were the most frequently reported conditions. Conclusions: A wide range of infections are reported in registration studies and clinical trials of ICIs, CAR-T cells, and BiTEs.

Abstract Fracture dating is an issue at the forefront of forensic sciences. While dating fracture is crucial to understanding and verifying the chronology of events in cases of abuse and violent death, its application is the subject of considerable discussion in the scientific community, filled with limitations and difficulties. Current methods for fracture dating are mainly based on a qualitative assessment through macroscopy, microscopy, and imaging and subject to variations depending on the experience of the observer. In this paper, we investigated the potential of quantifiable micro-CT analysis for fracture dating. Five histomorphometric parameters commonly used for the study of the 3D bone trabecular microarchitecture with micro-CT were calculated based on nine fractures of known post-traumatic ages, including the degree of anisotropy, connectivity density, bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation. As a result, trends in the evolution of the microarchitecture of the bone relative to age of the callus could be identified, in particular concerning anisotropy, trabecular separation and connectivity density, consistent with the healing bone process. The findings obtained in this pilot study encourage further research in quantifiable parameters of the bone microarchitecture as they could represent useful features for the construction of objective models for fracture dating.