76 results on '"Vieira SL"'
Search Results
2. Live performance and processing yields of broilers fed diets with tiamulin and salinomycin combinations
- Author
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Vieira,SL, Favero,A, Berres,J, Freitas,DM, Martinez,JEP, Mayorga,ME, and Coneglian,JLB
- Subjects
ionophores ,tiamulin ,parasitic diseases ,Antibiotic ,salinomycin ,food and beverages ,broiler - Abstract
A study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the combined application of tiamulin (TIA) and salinomycin (SAL) in broiler diets fed from 1 to 42 d of age. One thousand and two hundred Cobb x Cobb 500 male broilers were housed in 48 floor pens and fed corn-soybean meal diets containing 66 ppm of SAL combined or not with TIA at 30 or 20 and 20 or 15 ppm, respectively, in the starter (1-21 d) and grower feeds (22-42 d); however, TIA was withdrawn from the feeds 7 days before slaughter. The experimental design was completely randomized with 3 treatments and 16 replicates of 25 birds each. Broilers were weekly evaluated for live performance whereas carcass yield, abdominal fat and commercial cuts were assessed at 42 d using 6 birds randomly taken from each pen. Results obtained at the end of the study demonstrated that body weight gain was not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments, whereas feed intake was reduced (P < 0.05) and feed conversion was improved (P < 0.05) for birds on diets containing TIA at 30/20 and 20/15 ppm, respectively. Carcass yield, abdominal fat, and commercial parts were not affected (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Live performance and post-slaughter yields data obtained in this study did not indicate that combinations of TIA with SAL could be detrimental. In fact, an improvement in feed conversion was observed at the lowest dose of TIA.
- Published
- 2010
3. Energy utilization of by-products from the soybean oil industry by broiler chickens: acidulated soapstock, lecithin, glycerol and their mixture
- Author
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Peña, JEM, primary, Vieira, SL, additional, Borsatti, L, additional, Pontin, C, additional, and Rios, HV, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Period of incubation and posthatching holding time influence on broiler performance
- Author
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Almeida, JG, Vieira, SL, Gallo, BB, Conde, ORA, and Olmos, AR
- Subjects
animal structures ,embryonic structures ,Post-hatch period ,broiler performance ,hatchability ,incubation period - Abstract
The present study had the objective of investigating the performance of broilers housed immediately after hatching or after a 12 or 24 hour of post-hatching holding time. One thousand and six hundred male Ross 308 broiler chicks with an initial body weight of 46 grams were used. These chicks were distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with 5 treatments and 8 replications of 35 birds in each treatment. The treatments in this study consisted of the removal of chicks from the hatchery in three different times: after 480, 492 and 504 hours of incubation. In each one of these times, 280 chicks were removed from the hatchery and immediately housed. Another group of an identical number of chicks of each time remained in the hatchery to be housed at 504 hours after hatching. The chick group corresponding to those hatched at 480 and 492 hours performed better until 7 days. However, no differences in body weight or body weight gain were observed at the end of the study. Feed efficiency, however was worse for the birds hatched and placed at 480 hours. There were no differences among treatments for mortality.
- Published
- 2006
5. Water intake and digestive metabolism of broilers fed all-vegetable diets containing acidulated soybean soapstock
- Author
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Vieira,SL, Viola,ES, Berres,J, Coneglian,JLB, Freitas,DM, and Bortolini,TCK
- Subjects
all vegetable diets ,Acidulated soybean soapstock ,food and beverages ,metabolizability ,broiler ,water intake - Abstract
A study was conducted to compare live performance and digestive metabolism of broiler chickens fed all-vegetable diets (All-Veg) compared to a regular diet including animal by-products. Three feeds were formulated and provided to broilers according to the feeding program: pre-starter from 1 to 10 days, starter from 11 to 21 days, and grower from 21 to 35 days. All feeds had corn and soybean meal as major ingredients; however, two of them were all-vegetable diets having either Degummed Soybean Oil (DSO) or Acidulated Soybean Soapstock (ASS) as fat sources. The third diet included poultry by-product and poultry fat. A total number of 360 day-old broiler chicks were allocated to 1m² battery cages, 10 chicks in each, and 12 replicates per treatment. Live performance was similar between groups of birds receiving the different diets with the exception of weight gain, which was increased for birds fed the All-Veg diet with ASS. Birds fed All-Veg diets had increased water intake and produced more excreta with a concurrent reduced feed metabolizability at both ages, regardless of fat source. Metabolizable Energy was not different for the three diets.
- Published
- 2006
6. Performance of broilers fed increased levels energy in the pre-starter diet and on subsequent feeding programs having with acidulated soybean soapstock supplementation
- Author
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Vieira,SL, Viola,ES, Berres,J, Olmos,AR, Conde,ORA, and Almeida,JG
- Subjects
pre-starter diet ,soybean fat ,Fat - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate broiler responses to increases in feed energy (2,870, 3,000 and 3,100 kcal ME/kg) and the inclusion of Acidulated Soybean Soapstock (ASS) when compared to Degummed Soybean Oil (DSO) in feeds from placement to 7 days of age. From 7 to 42 days ASS or DSO were included in diets that contained similar energy and nutrient levels. Metabolizable energy values used to formulate the diets for ASS and DSO were 8,351 and 7,701 kcal ME/kg in the first week and 9,314 and 8,559 kcal ME/kg afterwards, respectively. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal and were fed to 1,600 one-d-old male broiler chicks randomly placed in 40 floor pens. No differences in performance due to fat source were seen at 7 days. However, the increase in energy levels to 3,100 kcal ME/kg reduced feed intake, whereas feed conversion was improved with energy at 3,000 kcal ME/kg. Live performance, and the yields of carcass and commercial cuts were not affected by the type of fat included in the feeds from 7 to 42 days, except for increased body weight at 21 and 35 days with ASS supplementation. Litter moisture at 7, 21, 35 and 42 days was not affected by any of the factors and there were no residual effects of treatments at 21, 35 and 42 days of age. On the other hand, body weight at 35 days was affected by the interaction of diets fed in the first week with those provided afterwards. The results showed that ME values used for DSO and ASS are adequate and that ASS may be used as fat source in broiler feeds from placement to 42 days of age.
- Published
- 2006
7. Desenvolvimento de Órgãos da Digestão e Rendimento de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte de Diversas Origens Genéticas Criados com Bebedouros Pendular e Nipple
- Author
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Fernandes, LM, Vieira, SL, and Baptista, CB
- Subjects
strain cross ,digestive organs ,linhagem ,Broiler ,bebedouro ,drinker ,carcass yield ,Frango de corte ,rendimento de carcaça ,órgãos da digestão - Abstract
O uso de linhas genéticas de diferentes fontes comerciais em programas de reprodução de frangos de corte permite produzir gerações comerciais mais bem adaptadas a realidades diversas e otimizar os potenciais de desempenho do frango de corte com os da reprodutora. Entretanto, a prática predominante no Brasil é o uso de pais e mães de mesma origem. O uso de bebedouros tipo "nipple" vem sendo difundido com a perspectiva de gerar benefícios ainda não comprovados inteiramente na prática. Esse estudo avaliou a evolução dos órgãos da digestão, o desempenho vivo e o rendimento de carcaça e das partes de frangos de corte de diferentes cruzamentos entre reprodutores machos de diversos cruzamentos entre linhagens comerciais (R, I, S, e H) com fêmeas também de origem variável (R, I, e H) em sistemas de produção com bebedouros pendular ou nipple. As aves dos diferentes cruzamentos apresentaram curvas de crescimento com diferentes intensidades em momentos distintos, determinando desempenhos em peso vivo sempre superiores para o cruzamento RR. O rendimento de peito, entretanto, foi maior para o cruzamento IH. O cruzamento SH, de mais baixo peso corporal, evidenciou rendimentos de carcaça inferiores a todos os demais. O tipo de bebedouro não influenciou nenhum resultado de desempenho vivo ou de rendimento de carcaça, independentemente da linhagem. Os órgãos da digestão apresentaram proporções do peso vivo decrescentes com a idade, mas não evidenciaram efeito de cruzamento entre linhagens ou tipo de bebedouro. Breeding programs using parents from different genetic companies allow the production of commercial generations of broilers directed to attend diverse market situations, but they also serve to optimize the performance of the breeder female. However, this is not a current practice in Brazil where most of the commercial broilers being raised are originated from crosses within the same genetic company. The use of nipple drinkers in broiler houses has increased in the last few years; however, practical benefits have not been proved yet. This study evaluated the development of the digestive organs, live performance and carcass and cut up yields from broilers originated of the crossing between breeder males from four commercial strains (R, I, S, and H) with females also from various origins (R, I, and H) raised in pens with bell or nipple drinkers. Birds’ growth curves varied with strain cross and led to better body weight at marketing for the RR strain cross. Breast yield, however, was better for the cross IH. The SH strain cross showed a consistently lower body weight and carcass yield at all ages. The type of drinker did not affect any measured response regardless of the strain cross. Strain crosses or type of drinkers did not affect development of the digestive organs.
- Published
- 2002
8. Live performance and processing yields of broilers fed diets with tiamulin and salinomycin combinations
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Favero, A, additional, Berres, J, additional, Freitas, DM, additional, Martinez, JEP, additional, Mayorga, ME, additional, and Coneglian, JLB, additional
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Chelated minerals for poultry
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary
- Published
- 2008
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10. Ascorbic acid and citric flavonoids for broilers under heat stress: effects on performance and meat quality
- Author
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Peña, JEM, primary, Vieira, SL, additional, López, J, additional, Reis, RN, additional, Barros, R, additional, Furtado, FVF, additional, and Silva, PX, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Hatching distribution and embryo mortality of eggs laid by broiler breeders of different ages
- Author
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Almeida, JG, primary, Vieira, SL, additional, Reis, RN, additional, Berres, J, additional, Barros, R, additional, Ferreira, AK, additional, and Furtado, FVF, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Studies with sanguinarine like alkaloids as feed additive in broiler diets
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Berres, J, additional, Reis, RN, additional, Oyarzabal, OA, additional, Coneglian, JLB, additional, Freitas, DM, additional, Peña, JEM, additional, and Torres, CA, additional
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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13. Chicken embryo utilization of egg micronutrients
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Water intake and digestive metabolism of broilers fed all-vegetable diets containing acidulated soybean soapstock
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Viola, ES, additional, Berres, J, additional, Coneglian, JLB, additional, Freitas, DM, additional, and Bortolini, TCK, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Period of incubation and posthatching holding time influence on broiler performance
- Author
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Almeida, JG, primary, Vieira, SL, additional, Gallo, BB, additional, Conde, ORA, additional, and Olmos, AR, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Performance of broilers fed increased levels energy in the pre-starter diet and on subsequent feeding programs having with acidulated soybean soapstock supplementation
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Viola, ES, additional, Berres, J, additional, Olmos, AR, additional, Conde, ORA, additional, and Almeida, JG, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Hatching distribution of eggs varying in weight and breeder age
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Almeida, JG, additional, Lima, AR, additional, Conde, ORA, additional, and Olmos, AR, additional
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Utilização da Energia de Dietas para Frangos de Corte Formuladas com Óleo Ácido de Soja
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary, Ribeiro, AML, additional, Kessler, AM, additional, Fernandes, LM, additional, Ebert, AR, additional, and Eichner, G, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Desenvolvimento de Órgãos da Digestão e Rendimento de Carcaça de Frangos de Corte de Diversas Origens Genéticas Criados com Bebedouros Pendular e Nipple
- Author
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Fernandes, LM, primary, Vieira, SL, additional, and Baptista, CB, additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Nutrição Pós-Eclosão de Frangos de Corte
- Author
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Vieira, SL, primary and Pophal, S, additional
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Dietary contribution of iron from limestone and dicalcium phosphate for broiler chickens.
- Author
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Feijo JC, Vieira SL, Maria DDB, Horn RM, Favero A, Altevogt WE, and Nicola BS
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Iron, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Phosphates, Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Digestion, Calcium Carbonate, Chickens, Calcium Phosphates, Phosphoric Acids
- Abstract
Iron is routinely supplemented in broiler feeds aiming to prevent dietary deficiencies. Limestone and phosphates are very rich in Fe; however, its contribution from these sources have not been thoroughly investigated with chickens. The present research was conducted to evaluate live performance and blood parameters of broilers when using limestone and dicalcium phosphate as sources of Fe. A total of 576 one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500 were allocated into a total of 72 battery cages, 6 treatments with 12 replication cages of 8 chicks at placement. Chicks were fed diets formulated with corn, soybean meal (SBM) with laboratory grade calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid (having traces of Fe). All chicks were fed a common prestarter without Fe supplementation (analyzed total 58.2 ± 2.4 mg/kg Fe) from placement to 7 d. Allocation of birds to dietary treatments was completely randomized on day 8. Treatments had increasing Fe derived from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate (analyzed Fe 7,218 and 4,783 mg/kg, respectively) progressively replacing calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid to provide graded increases in total Fe (analyzed Fe in the feeds were 57.6 ± 2.1, 92.0 ± 2.3, 124.1 ± 2.7, 159.3 ± 3.1, 187.2 ± 3.2, 223.7 ± 3.6 mg/kg, respectively). There were no effects of dietary Fe on live performance, hematocrit, and hemoglobin the end of the study on day 28 (P > 0.05). Increasing dietary Fe from commercial limestone and dicalcium phosphate led to a linear reduction in the percent ileal digestible Fe. However, linear increments in Fe retention, serum ferritin and liver Fe occurred when compared to feeds without Fe derived from limestone and phosphate dicalcium. It is concluded that Fe from limestone and dicalcium phosphate can be partially utilized by broiler chickens. It was estimated that the Fe retained from limestone and dicalcium phosphate is of 1.9%. Broilers fed corn-soy feeds (58.2 mg/kg Fe) do not require supplemental Fe., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Dietary phytase effects on copper requirements of broilers.
- Author
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Soster P, Vieira SL, Feijo JC, Altevogt WE, and Tormes GB
- Abstract
Information on the availability of Cu from plant feedstuffs for broilers in the presence of phytase is scarce. The present research has been conducted with the objective of evaluating the Cu requirements of broilers when fed corn-soy diets with or without phytase. A total of 640 one-day-old male Cobb x Cobb 500, allocated into 80 battery cages with 8 chicks in each, were fed a low Cu content diet (formulated with 8.58 ± 0.21 mg/kg Cu) without phytase from placement to day 7. Starting on day 8, battery cages were distributed into a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (phytase-added diets X 5 with graded increases of supplemental Cu) until day 28. Feeding treatments (feeds added or not with phytase and 5 graded increases of Cu) were randomly distributed with 8 cages of 8 chicks. The basal non-supplemented feeds were formulated with corn and soybean meal (SBM) without any other significant Cu contributors. Supplemental Cu was from laboratory-grade Cu sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO
5 H2 0) which was increasingly added to the feeds. Phytase was added in excess to the producer recommendation (2,500 FYT) and had average analyzed values of 2,768 ± 135.2 FYT/kg whereas analyzed Cu values were: 8.05 ± 0.25, 11.25 ± 0.15, 14.20 ± 0.40, 16.55 ± 0.05, and 19.45 ± 0.45 mg/kg. Statistics were conducted using linear and quadratic polynomial regression models. No interactions occurred between dietary Cu and phytase ( p > 0.05) for any response and no effects were found for the individual factors (phytase or dietary Cu) for Ht, Hb, varus, valgus, rotated tibia, and tibia breaking strength, as well as for Cu contents in breast, gastrocnemius tendon, and kidney ( p > 0.05). However, the phytase-added diets led to higher BWG, lower FCR, and increased ileal digestible Cu ( p < 0.05). The gradual increase in dietary Cu produced linear increases in Cu content in livers, as well as in excreta and retention ( p < 0.05). Supplementing phytase at levels expected to maximize phytate degradation was demonstrated to improve BWG and FCR; however, no effects were observed when dietary Cu was increased to a maximum of 19.45 mg/kg. An increase of 8.8% in ileal digestible Cu was observed when birds were fed phytase., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Soster, Vieira, Feijo, Altevogt and Tormes.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. A novel and simple heat-based method eliminates the highly detrimental effect of xylene deparaffinization on acid-fast stains.
- Author
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Marinho PF, Vieira SL, Carvalho TG, Peleteiro MC, and Hanscheid T
- Subjects
- Humans, Benzophenoneidum, Hot Temperature, Coloring Agents, Staining and Labeling, RNA, Xylenes, Mycobacterium
- Abstract
Objectives: Histopathology is an important method for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis, yet tissue sections are often negative for mycobacteria after use of acid-fast stain (AFS). This study investigated the mechanism of AFS use and the detrimental effect of histologic processing-in particular, xylene deparaffinization-on AFS and mycobacterial detection., Methods: The target of the fluorescent Auramine O (AuO) AFS was investigated using triple staining with DNA- and RNA-specific dyes. The effect of xylene deparaffinization on the acid fastness of mycobacteria in cultures or tissue sections was studied using AuO fluorescence as a quantitative marker. The xylene method was compared with a novel, solvent-free projected-hot-air deparaffinization (PHAD)., Results: Co-localization of AuO with DNA/RNA stains suggests that intracellular nucleic acids are the true target of AFS, producing highly specific patterns. Xylene reduces mycobacterial fluorescence significantly (P < .0001; moderate effect size, r = 0.33). The PHAD process yielded significantly higher fluorescence than xylene deparaffinization in tissues (P < .0001; large effect size, r = 0.85)., Conclusions: Auramine O can be applied for nucleic acid staining of mycobacteria in tissues producing typical beaded patterns. Acid-fast staining depends heavily on the integrity of the mycobacterial cell wall, which xylene appears to damage. A solvent-free tissue deparaffinization method has the potential to increase mycobacterial detection significantly., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Society for Clinical Pathology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Permanent health education actions in pandemic times: priorities in state and national contingency plans.
- Author
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Vieira SL, Souza SG, Figueiredo CF, Santos VVC, Santos TBS, Duarte JA, and Pinto ICM
- Subjects
- Humans, Pandemics prevention & control, Health Education, Health Personnel psychology, Mental Health, COVID-19
- Abstract
Objective: to assess permanent health education actions regarding the national and state contingency plans to face the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil., Method: documentary research, using 54 plans in the initial and final versions, published between January 2020 and May 2021. The content analysis included the identification and systematization of proposals aimed at training and reorganizing the work process, as well as physical and mental health care of health workers., Results: the actions were focused on training workers with an emphasis on flu syndrome, infection risk control measures and knowledge about biosafety. Few plans addressed the teams' working hours and work process, promotion and assistance to the workers' mental health, mainly in the hospital environment., Conclusion: the superficiality regarding the approach to permanent education actions in contingency plans need to include actions in the strategic agenda of the Ministry of Health and State and Municipal Health Secretariats, with the qualification of workers to face this and other epidemics. They propose the adoption of health protection and promotion measures in daily health work management within the scope of the SUS.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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25. Research Note: Corn energy and nutrient utilization by broilers as affected by geographic areas and carbohydrases.
- Author
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Stefanello C, Vieira SL, Rios HV, Soster P, Simoes CT, Godoy G, and Fascina V
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Animal Feed analysis, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases pharmacology, Nutrients, Starch, alpha-Amylases pharmacology, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Digestion, Chickens, Zea mays
- Abstract
Two experiments (Exp.) were conducted to evaluate the effects of exogenous carbohydrases on nutrient and energy utilization of corn with different compositions by broilers. In Exp. 1, a total of 448 Cobb 500 male chicks were distributed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (corn from regions geographically located in the North or South of Brazil × 4 carbohydrases supplementation), with 8 replicate cages of 7 birds each. In Exp. 2, 672 Cobb 500 male chicks were fed 12 experimental feeds, in a 3 × 4 factorial arrangement [3 corn endosperm compositions (waxy, semi-dent, or semi-flint) × 4 carbohydrases], with 8 replicate cages of 7 birds. Birds were fed semi-purified test diets with 95.9% corn from d 14 to 24 in both studies. In Exp. 1, α-amylase, β-xylanase, or carbohydrase complex (cellulase, glucanase, and xylanase) were added to the diet. In Exp. 2, α-amylase, β-xylanase, or α-amylase + β-xylanase were supplemented. Digestibility of DM, N, ether extract (EE), Ca, and P as well as AME, AME
n , and IDE were determined. In Exp. 2, jejunal starch digestibility was determined on d 24. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05). Corn from the North origin had higher AME, AMEn , and digestibility of DM and N compared to the South (P ≤ 0.05). Amylase supplementation led to increases of 3% in AME and 2% in N digestibility when compared to the non-supplemented feeds (P ≤ 0.01). In Exp. 2, the highest ME values and EE digestibility were observed in the semi-flint corn compared to the waxy, whereas the semi-dent presented the highest digestibility of N and starch. Corn diets supplemented with amylase + xylanase had improvements of 2.5% AMEn and 3% starch digestibility. In conclusion, energy and nutrient utilization of corn by broilers depend on the region where it was grown. Corn genetics, expressed by the endosperm composition, and carbohydrase supplementation influenced energy and nutrient utilization by broilers., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Iron requirements of broiler chickens as affected by supplemental phytase.
- Author
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Feijo JC, Vieira SL, Horn RM, Altevogt WE, and Tormes G
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Digestion physiology, Ferritins, Iron metabolism, 6-Phytase, Chickens physiology
- Abstract
Iron is routinely supplemented in broiler feeds intending to prevent dietary deficiencies. The present research was conducted with the objective of assessing Fe requirements of broilers when fed supplemental phytase. A total of 1,280 1-d-old male Cobb × Cobb 500 were distributed in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement (phytase-supplemented feeds × 5 graded increases of supplemental Fe) in 80 battery cages, eight replications of eight chicks each. The trial was replicated once. Chicks were fed a Fe-deficient diet without phytase (Fe analyzed at 31.30 ± 3.79 mg/kg) from placement to 7 d and then randomly distributed into battery cages with corresponding dieting treatments with or without phytase and graded increases of supplemental Fe. Feeds were formulated with corn and soybean meal (SBM), laboratory-grade calcium carbonate, and phosphoric acid; therefore, the vast majority of dietary Fe originated from corn and SBM (analyzed diet had 53.3 ± 1.41 mg/kg Fe). Phytase was added in excess to the producer recommendation of 1,000 FYT (4,452 ± 487 FYT/kg analyzed) such that phytate degradation was expected to be maximized. Supplemental Fe was from laboratory-grade ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO47H2O) which was increasingly added to the feeds (analyzed Fe in the supplemented feeds were: 53.3 ± 1.41, 65.5 ± 0.59, 77.2 ± 1.97, 87.6 ± 1.72, 97.7 ± 1.33 mg/kg). There were no interactions between phytase and dietary Fe for any response throughout the study (P > 0.05). Supplementing phytase had no effects on Fe intake or Fe excretion, as well as on hematocrit (Ht), hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, Fe contents in the liver or thigh muscle color (P > 0.05). However, phytase-supplemented feeds produced better live performance as well as higher ileal digestible energy and Fe digestibility (P < 0.05). No effects were found for dietary Fe in live performance at day 28 (P > 0.05). On the other hand, increasing dietary Fe led to linear increases in Fe retention and excretion, Fe contents in livers, as well as Ht and Hb at 14 d (P < 0.05). Quadratic responses (P < 0.05) were observed for Hb at 21 d, serum ferritin on days 14, 21, and 28 (maximum responses were 83.3, 104.0, 91.9, and 88.3 mg/kg Fe, respectively). In conclusion, supplementing Fe adding to a total of 97.7 mg/kg dietary Fe did not affect live performance traits. However, the average of Fe-related blood parameters was maximized at 91.9 mg/kg dietary Fe. Supplementing phytase provided a significant increase in Fe digestibility., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Schinus terebinthifolius Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Reduces the Bacterial and Inflammatory Burden of Wounds Infected by Staphylococcus aureus Promoting Skin Repair.
- Author
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Nunes MAS, Silva LDS, Santos DM, Cutrim BDS, Vieira SL, Silva ISS, Castelo Branco SJDS, Nascimento MSD, Vale AAM, Santos-Azevedo APSD, Zagmignan A, Sousa JCS, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Monteiro-Neto V, and Nascimento da Silva LC
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in wound infections where this pathogen impairs skin repair. The lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius (named SteLL) has antimicrobial and antivirulence action against S. aureus. This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of SteLL on mice wounds infected by S. aureus. Seventy-two C57/BL6 mice (6−8 weeks old) were allocated into four groups: (i) uninfected wounds; (ii) infected wounds, (iii) infected wounds treated with 32 µg/mL SteLL solution; (iv) infected wounds treated with 64 µg/mL SteLL solution. The excisional wounds (64 mm2) were induced on the dorsum and infected by S. aureus 432170 (4.0 × 106 CFU/wound). The daily treatment started 1-day post-infection (dpi). The topical application of both SteLL concentrations significantly accelerated the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds until the 7th dpi, when compared to untreated infected lesions (reductions of 1.95−4.55-fold and 1.79−2.90-fold for SteLL at 32 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL, respectively). The SteLL-based treatment also amended the severity of wound infection and reduced the bacterial load (12-fold to 72-fold for 32 µg/mL, and 14-fold to 282-fold for 64 µg/mL). SteLL-treated wounds show higher collagen deposition and restoration of skin structure than other groups. The bacterial load and the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) were also reduced by both SteLL concentrations. These results corroborate the reported anti-infective properties of SteLL, making this lectin a lead candidate for developing alternative agents for the treatment of S. aureus-infected skin lesions.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Chicken liver morphology as affected by feed withdrawal time and dietary aflatoxins.
- Author
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François E, Vieira SL, Kindlein L, Bess F, Xavier B, Soster P, and Stefanello C
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Diet veterinary, Female, Liver, Weight Gain, Aflatoxins, Chickens
- Abstract
1. An investigation was conducted on the effects of aflatoxin (AFL)-contaminated diets and feed withdrawal periods from 0 to 12 h in broiler chickens at 28 d of age. Both factors can potentially affect liver colour and can cause failure at veterinary inspection in the slaughterhouse.2. A total of 240, one-d-old female Cobb 500 broiler chickens were fed a common corn-soy pre-starters (d 1-7) and then either a non-contaminated control (CON) or feed with 1 ppm AFL (AFL) from d 8 to 28. The inoculum of AFL had 792 ppb of aflatoxin B1, 35 ppb of aflatoxin B2 and 219 ppb of aflatoxin G1. On d 28, all broilers were weighed and euthanised for necropsy following three different feed withdrawal time periods (0, 6 or 12 h), in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement.3. Body weight gain, liver weight and liver fat content decreased as feed withdrawal lengthened, whereas FCR and gallbladder weight increased ( P ≤ 0.05). AFL-fed birds had reduced body weight and proportion of liver fat and increased FCR, liver and gallbladder weights ( P ≤ 0.05).4. Livers from fed broilers (0 h withdrawal) showed more lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) than livers of broilers from 6 or 12 h withdrawal ( P ≤ 0.05). The L* and redness (a*) values of livers from broilers fed diets COB were lower than those from AFL fed broilers ( P ≤ 0.05).5. Prolonging pre-slaughter feed withdrawal decreased liver L*, whereas feeding AFL increased liver b*. These findings can be used to support veterinary assessment in slaughterhouses as shackled birds move on line through the inspection site. Since chicken liver is a valuable organ and an indicator of animal health, attention must be paid to these differences to ensure consumer safety.
- Published
- 2022
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29. Interaction between Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study.
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Santana AIC, das Merces MC, de Souza MC, de Carvalho Lima BG, Galdino MJQ, de Carvalho Félix ND, Magalhães LBNC, Coelho JMF, Barbosa PJB, Dias Gomes ÉV, Pimentel RFW, de Sousa AR, de Oliveira MAF, de Queiroz AM, Florencio RMS, Cavalcante Neto JL, Gomes AMT, Souza Santos TB, Vieira SL, de Sousa DG, da Silva Thiengo de Andrade PC, de Negreiros Nogueira Maduro IP, Fernandes SL, Damasceno KSM, da Silva DAR, and D'Oliveira Júnior A
- Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition and a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; it occurs as a result of lifestyle factors, e.g., work. The aim of this research was to estimate the interaction between work and MS among primary health care (PHC) nursing professionals in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A sectional multicentered study carried out in 43 municipalities in Bahia, whose study population consisted of nursing professionals. The exposure variables were occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time, and the outcome variable was MS. Interaction measures based on the additivity criteria were verified by calculating the excess risks due to the interactions and according to the proportion of cases attributed to the interactions and the synergy index. The global MS prevalence is 24.4%. There was a greater magnitude in the exposure group regarding the three investigated factors (average level occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time in PHC for more than 5 years), reaching an occurrence of 44.9% when compared to the prevalence of 13.1% in the non-exposure group (academic education, without professional burnout, and working time in PHC for up to 5 years). The study's findings showed a synergistic interaction of work aspects for MS occurrence among PHC nursing professionals.
- Published
- 2022
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30. National Patient Safety Program in Brazil: Incidents Reported Between 2014 and 2017.
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Faustino TN, Batalha EMSDS, Vieira SL, Nicole AG, Morais AS, Tronchin DMR, and Melleiro MM
- Subjects
- Brazil, Hospital Units, Hospitals, Humans, Patient Safety, Risk Management
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the patient safety incidents reported to the Brazilian National Health Surveillance System from March 2014 to March 2017., Method: A documentary study that used the records of the incidents published in the Reports of Adverse Events (AE) in Brazil. The following variables were selected: number of incidents by type, type of health service, hospital unit, and degree of harm. To find whether there was a significant difference across the Brazilian regions by notifications related to general incidents, AE, and deaths, the analysis of variance and the Tukey tests were used., Results: A total of 109,082 incidents were reported, of which 75,088 were AE, with 649 deaths. In relation to the types of incidents reported, there was a higher frequency in the categories other (30.04%) and failures during health care (26.72%). A total of 93.90% of the incidents occurred in hospitals, with 54,950 cases registered in hospitalization units and 30,141 cases in intensive care units. Statistically significant differences across the Brazilian regions were observed in the number of incidents (P = 0.004), AE (P = 0.004), and deaths (P = 0.024)., Conclusions: A significant underreporting of incidents was found in Brazil, demonstrating only the tip of a giant iceberg. More than half of the incidents were reported as AE and were registered in hospitals, reiterating the importance of establishing public health policies at national, state, and municipal levels, with adequate supervision of the health service regarding the implementation of the Patient Safety Nuclei and the preparation of new protocols based on the most prevalent incidents., Competing Interests: The authors disclose no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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31. Training-professional profile of nurses teaching at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System.
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Ribeiro-Barbosa JC, Silva GTRD, Backes VMS, Vieira SL, Chaves MCRF, and Paiva JMM
- Subjects
- Brazil, Humans, Nurses, Schools
- Abstract
Objective: to describe the training-professional profile of nursing professors in the vocational course in nursing at the Technical Schools of the Unified Health System., Methods: a quantitative descriptive research, carried out with 61 nurses who are professors of technical courses in nursing at five technical schools in three Brazilian regions. Data were collected through an online questionnaire and submitted to descriptive analysis., Results: only 36% of teaching nurses were licensed and 80% had a specialization in nursing or health. Although 95.1% of participants considered training for teaching necessary, 44.2% did not have qualifications for this job. The average length of work in care was 8 years, focusing on the hospital network., Conclusion: the need for professor training and investment in it is evidenced, as the training of essential workers for nursing care and consolidation of the Unified Health System is on the agenda.
- Published
- 2021
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32. Progressive in vivo detection of wooden breast in broilers as affected by dietary energy and protein.
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Vieira SL, Simões CT, Kindlein L, Ferreira TZ, Soster P, and Stefanello C
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements, Male, Pectoralis Muscles, Chickens, Muscular Diseases veterinary
- Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) myopathy was investigated in broilers fed varying energy and protein at early ages. Correlation analyses were conducted between echogenicity of ultrasound images (US) of breast muscle from live birds and WB after slaughter. A total of 1,000 Cobb 500 one-day-old male chicks were fed on five dietary programs with eight replicates of 25 birds each, in a completely randomized design. Control feeds (commercially used ME and ideally balanced amino acids) or low-density feeds (low EP, with reductions of 50 kcal/kg ME and 0.20% dig. Lys compared to the control) were formulated. Feeds were provided in different periods: 1 to 7 d, 8 to 14 d, 15 to 21 d or 22 to 28 d. All broilers were fed a common basal diet thereafter until 49 d. Images using US were obtained once a week from all individuals and WB scored from one slaughtered bird per replication (0, normal; 1, mild hardening in the upper breast muscle; 2; moderate hardening in the upper and/or lower breast muscle; 3, severe hardening; 4, severe hardening with hemorrhagic lesions and yellow fluid). Blood was collected for enzyme investigation from the weekly slaughtered bird. Broilers had lower BWG and higher FCR when fed low EP feeds, regardless of the period fed when compared to the control (P < 0.001). Growth compensation, however, occurred afterwards such that all birds presented similar performance at the end. At 14, 21, and 28 d, broilers previously fed low EP feeds had lower WB scores (P < 0.001) compared to birds fed the control; however, both groups presented increased WB scores after 28 d. Wooden breast was positively correlated with breast echogenicity at 21 d (r = 0.31), 28 d (r = 0.43), 35 d (r = 0.21) and 42 d (r = 0.39). In conclusion, dietary energy and protein affected the development of WB scores in broilers and breast US images can be used as an early predictor of WB., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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33. Hospital contingency in coping with COVID-19 in Brazil: governmental problems and alternatives.
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Santos TBS, Andrade LR, Vieira SL, Duarte JA, Martins JS, Rosado LB, Oliveira JDS, and Pinto ICM
- Subjects
- Brazil, Government, Humans, COVID-19, Delivery of Health Care standards, Hospitals
- Abstract
This paper analyzes the government's strategic agenda for coping with COVID-19 in Brazil, focusing on hospital care. Twenty-eight Contingency Plans were analyzed in full, one national, 26 at state level, and one from the Federal District. The Public Policy Cycle's theoretical framework was used, specifically governmental pre-decision and decision to face the pandemic. The evidence revealed convergences between the national and state levels concerning proposals for reorienting care flow, detecting cases, and indicating referral hospitals. However, the state agendas revealed weaknesses in acquiring mechanical ventilation devices, sizing human resources, and regionalizing hospital care. Moreover, few states have established a method for calculating back-end beds, mainly regarding the outlook of opening hospitals of reference or contracting additional ICU beds. We can conclude that the heterogeneous actions explained in the plans show the complex process of coping with COVID-19 in Brazil with its regional inequalities, weaknesses in the state health systems, and reduced coordination by the Ministry of Health.
- Published
- 2021
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34. Organizational and pedagogical characterization of vocational courses in nursing at SUS Schools.
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Ribeiro-Barbosa JC, Silva GTRD, Carneiro-Zunino EKN, Vieira SL, Gomes NP, Paiva JMM, and Oliveira NL
- Subjects
- Brazil, Curriculum, Humans, Learning, Schools, Schools, Nursing, Education, Nursing
- Abstract
Objectives: to know the organizational and pedagogical characteristics of vocational courses in nursing of Unified Health System Vocational Schools in northeastern Brazil., Methods: this is a qualitative, descriptive study, developed in six schools that offer this course. As a data source, Pedagogical Political Project and Teaching Plans were used to search for information on courses' organizational and pedagogical characteristics through indirect documentation, using three structured scripts., Results: most of the characteristics of the courses are convergent between schools, but pedagogical characterization items do not exist, presenting themselves as fragility regarding the outline of such normative characteristics., Final Considerations: the characterization of the courses demonstrates the schools' commitment to training professionals aiming at quality of healthcare/nursing in/for the Unified Health System. However, the weakness found in the documents emerged as a challenge to be overcome, in order to better subsidize teaching and learning and qualify training.
- Published
- 2021
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35. Manganese requirements of broiler breeder hens.
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Noetzold TL, Vieira SL, Favero A, Horn RM, Silva CM, and Martins GB
- Subjects
- Animals, Egg Shell drug effects, Female, Random Allocation, Zygote drug effects, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens, Diet veterinary, Manganese metabolism, Manganese pharmacology
- Abstract
The present research was conducted to assess Mn requirements of broiler breeder hens. One hundred and twenty Cobb 500 hens, 22 wk of age, were individually allocated in cages. After fed a Mn-deficient diet (22.2 ppm), hens were randomly placed in treatments having 6 increments of 30-ppm Mn. All trace minerals were from laboratory grade sources being Mn from Mn sulfate (MnSO
4 H2 O). Treatments were fed for 4 periods of 28 d. There were no interactions between dietary Mn and period for any evaluated response (P > 0.05). Requirements of Mn for hen day egg production and settable egg production were 115.8 and 56.6 ppm and 122.1 and 63.6 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively, using quadratic polynomial (QP) and broken line quadratic (BLQ) models, whereas total eggs and total settable eggs per hen had Mn requirements estimated at 115.7 and 56.6 and 121.8 and 61.7 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively. Number of cracked, defective, and contaminated eggs decreased, whereas hatchability, hatchability of fertile eggs, eggshell percentage, and eggshell palisade layer increased when hens were fed diets having 48.5 to 168.2-ppm Mn (P < 0.05). Maximum responses for egg weight and eggshell percentage were 117.7 and 63.6 ppm as well as 131.6 and 71.0 ppm (P < 0.05), respectively, using QP and BLQ models. Breaking strength and egg specific gravity had Mn requirements estimated at 140.2 and 112.7 ppm as well as 131.3 68.5 ppm (P < 0.05), whereas eggshell palisade layer and eggshell thickness were maximized with 128.8 and 68.8 ppm and 140.2 134.2 ppm, respectively, for QP and BLQ models (P < 0.05). Maximum yolk Mn content values were obtained using 118.0- and 118.4-ppm Mn by QP and BLQ models, respectively. The average Mn requirements estimated for QP and BLQ models is 128.4 and 92.3 ppm Mn (18.7 and 13.5 mg/hen/d), respectively, which is much lower than what has been currently recommended in commercial production., (Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2020
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36. An in vivo evaluation of the effects of feed restriction regimens on wooden breast using ultrasound images as a predictive tool.
- Author
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Simões CT, Vieira SL, Stefanello C, Kindlein L, Ferreira T, Favero A, and Xavier B
- Subjects
- Animals, Diet veterinary, Male, Pectoralis Muscles diagnostic imaging, Ultrasonography veterinary, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens
- Abstract
1. Gradual feed restriction was applied to broilers in order to reduce growth rate and, as a consequence, gradually impacts wooden breast myopathy occurrence. Ultrasound (US) images of breast muscle in live birds were correlated with breast fillets presenting wooden breast characteristics (WB). 2. A total of 1800 Cobb × Cobb 500 slow-feathering male chicks were fed one of the six feed restriction treatments with 12 replicates of 25 birds each, in a completely randomised design. Birds were fed ad libitum or were pair-fed to 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of normal ad libitum intakes from 8 to 49 d to provide a gradual reduction in growth rate. Ultrasound images were obtained weekly from all birds and, in parallel, one bird per pen was weekly slaughtered and the major breast muscle was weighed and WB graded as 0 (normal), 1 (mild hardening in the upper), 2 (moderate hardening in the upper and/or lower), 3 (severe hardening) and 4 (severe hardening with haemorrhagic lesions and yellow fluid). Blood was taken for analysis of enzymes related to muscle cell breakdown. 3. Feed restriction applied at 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of the ad libitum feed intake (FI) resulted in decreased body weight gain (BWG; P ≤ 0.05). 4. From 21 to 49 d, the increasing feed restriction led to linear increases (P ≤ 0.05) in WB scores, fibre density as well as breast depth and breast echogenicity. Creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase concentration decreased linearly when broilers were feed restricted (P ≤ 0.05). 5. Wooden breast was positively correlated with echogenicity at 21 d (r = 0.510), 28 (r = 0.531), 35 (r = 0.470), 42 (r = 0.430) and 49 d (r = 0.548) (P ≤ 0.001). The use of breast echogenicity can be an additional tool to early detect alterations related to wooden breast.
- Published
- 2020
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37. Characterization of Pectoralis Major Muscle Satellite Cell Population Heterogeneity, Macrophage Density, and Collagen Infiltration in Broiler Chickens Affected by Wooden Breast.
- Author
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Ferreira TZ, Kindlein L, Flees JJ, Shortnacy LK, Vieira SL, Nascimento VP, Meloche KJ, and Starkey JD
- Abstract
Muscle satellite cells (MSCs) are myogenic stem cells that play a critical role in post-hatch skeletal muscle growth and regeneration. Activation of regeneration pathways to repair muscle fiber damage requires both the proliferation and differentiation of different MSC populations as well as the function of resident phagocytic cells such as anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory macrophages. The Wooden Breast (WB) phenotype in broiler chickens is characterized by myofiber degeneration and extensive fibrosis. Previous work indicates that the resident MSC populations expressing the myogenic regulatory factors, Myf-5 and Pax7 are larger and more proliferative in broilers severely affected with WB vs. unaffected broilers. To further characterize the cellular and molecular changes occurring in WB-affected muscles, samples from pectoralis major (PM) muscles with varying severity of WB (WB score 0 = normal; 1 = mildly affected; 2 = severely affected) were collected at 25 and 43 days post-hatch ( n = 8 per score per age) and processed for cryohistological and protein expression analyses. Collagen per field and densities of macrophages and MyoD+, Myf-5+, and Pax7+ MSC populations were quantified on immunofluorescence-stained cryosections. Relative collagen protein expression was quantified by fluorescent Western Blotting. In both 25 and 43-days-old broilers, the proportion of collagen per field ( P ≤ 0.021) and macrophage density ( P ≤ 0.074) were greater in PM exhibiting severe WB compared with normal. At day 43, populations of MyoD+, Myf-5+:MyoD+ MSC were larger and relative collagen protein expression was greater in WB-affected vs. unaffected broilers ( P ≤ 0.05). Pax7+ MSC relative to total cells was also increased as WB severity increased in 43-days-old broilers ( P ≤ 0.05). Densities of Myf-5+ ( P = 0.092), MyoD+ ( P = 0.030), Myf5+:MyoD+ ( P = 0.046), and Myf-5+:MyoD+:Pax7+ ( P = 0.048) MSC were greater in WB score 1 birds compared with WB score 0 and 2 birds. Overall, alterations in the resident MSC and macrophage populations and collagen protein content were observed in WB-affected muscle. Further investigation will be required to determine how these changes in cell population kinetics and local autocrine and paracrine signaling are involved in the apparent dysregulation of muscle maintenance in WB-affected broilers., (Copyright © 2020 Ferreira, Kindlein, Flees, Shortnacy, Vieira, Nascimento, Meloche and Starkey.)
- Published
- 2020
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38. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has anti-infective action and modulates the response of Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages.
- Author
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de Souza Feitosa Lima IM, Zagmignan A, Santos DM, Maia HS, Dos Santos Silva L, da Silva Cutrim B, Vieira SL, Bezerra Filho CM, de Sousa EM, Napoleão TH, Krogfelt KA, Løbner-Olesen A, Paiva PMG, and Nascimento da Silva LC
- Subjects
- Animals, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Cytokines metabolism, Female, Macrophages metabolism, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Nitric Oxide metabolism, Staphylococcal Infections metabolism, Superoxides metabolism, Anacardiaceae chemistry, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Lectins pharmacology, Macrophages microbiology, Plant Leaves chemistry, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases. Here we examined the antimicrobial effects of the lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (SteLL) against S. aureus using in vitro assays and an infection model based on Galleria mellonella larvae. The actions of SteLL on mice macrophages and S. aureus-infected macrophages were also evaluated. SteLL at 16 µg/mL (8 × MIC) increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impairs cell division. Unlike ciprofloxacin, SteLL did not induce the expression of recA, crucial for DNA repair through SOS response. The antimicrobial action of SteLL was partially inhibited by 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine. SteLL reduced staphyloxathin production and increased ciprofloxacin activity towards S. aureus. This lectin also improved the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, SteLL induced the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α), nitric oxide and superoxide anion by macrophagens. The lectin improved the bactericidal action of macrophages towards S. aureus; while the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ was downregulated in infected macrophages. These evidences suggest SteLL as important lead molecule in the development of anti-infective agents against S. aureus.
- Published
- 2019
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39. Utilization of corn-based diets supplemented with an exogenous α-amylase for broilers.
- Author
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Stefanello C, Vieira SL, Soster P, Santos BMD, Dalmoro YK, Favero A, and Cowieson AJ
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena drug effects, Animals, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Male, Random Allocation, Zea mays chemistry, alpha-Amylases administration & dosage, Chickens physiology, Digestion drug effects, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Nutrients physiology, alpha-Amylases metabolism
- Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a supplemental α-amylase on energy and nutrient utilization of broiler chickens fed diets with variable amounts of corn. A total of 480 slow feathering Cobb × Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly distributed into 10 treatments with 8 replicates of 6 birds each. Birds were fed a common starter to 14 D post-hatch. The experimental diets were provided subsequently until 25 D, which were a conventional corn-soy basal diet (CS) and a corn-soy diet displaced with 40% of corn (CN). These were fed as-is or supplemented with 40, 80, 120, or 160 kilo-Novo α-amylase units (KNU)/kg. Dietary treatments were distributed factorially as a 2 × 5 arrangement (diet type vs. amylase). Samples of feed, excreta, and ileal digesta were analyzed for determination of ileal digestible energy (IDE), ME, total tract retention, and digestibility of dry matter, protein, and fat. No interactions between diet type and amylase were observed. The CN diet had lower (P < 0.05) energy utilization and nutrient digestibility when compared to the CS diet. AMEn and IDE increased (P < 0.05) by 110 and 207 kcal/kg, respectively, when CS and CN diets were supplemented with 80 KNU/kg. The amylase added to the CS diet led to quadratic increases (P < 0.05) on growth performance, IDE, AME, and AMEn, as well as in dry matter, protein, and fat digestibility. Energy utilization and crude protein digestibility were linearly increased (P < 0.05) when amylase was added to the CN diet or the extrapolated 100% of corn. In conclusion, energy utilization, digestibility of crude protein, fat, and dry matter increased with amylase supplementation in corn-soy-based diets. When amylase was tested in a complete diet having 53.6% corn, 100 and 105 KNU/kg maximized AMEn and IDE, respectively; however, the maximum energy response in the CN diet or 100% of corn was not achieved until 160 KNU/kg, suggesting an association between amylase dose optimization and dietary starch concentration., (© 2019 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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40. Quantitative magnetic resonance elastography for polymer-gel dosimetry phantoms.
- Author
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Vieira SL, de Oliveira LN, and Carneiro AAO
- Subjects
- Ascorbic Acid chemistry, Gels, Shear Strength, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Phantoms, Imaging, Polymethacrylic Acids chemistry, Radiometry instrumentation
- Abstract
Commonly dose-responses of conventional dosimetric methods are affected by a saturation dose and are known to be limited when the delivered dose is relatively high. In contrast, elastic properties of polymer-gel dosimeter phantoms play major roles in a new dosimetry technique using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). A single volume of polymer-gel dosimeter solution containing methacrylic and ascorbic acid in gelatin initiated by copper was prepared. The material was subsequently stored in cylindrical containers for future use as a biological tissue-mimicking phantom material. The phantom material was irradiated with gamma rays, where absorbed doses of 10-50 Gy were delivered. To study the dynamic elastic behaviour, periodic mechanical external forces of 100-400 Hz were applied to generate shear waves in the samples. The radiation-induced changes in the shear modulus of the samples were estimated from wave-displacement images and converted to elastograms. The smallest and largest shear modulus values were approximately 2.10 ± 0.64 and 35.26 ± 2.85 kPa, respectively. The dynamic elastic response of the polymer-gel dosimeters showed an increased dependency with frequency. A linear relationship (R
2 = 0.996) was observed between the integrated area and the absorbed dose of the samples. The elastograms clearly showed that the largest shear modulus values were in the irradiated region of the polymer-gel dosimeter phantoms. Quantitative values of the shear modulus of polymer-gel dosimeters were estimated using MRE., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
41. Zinc requirements of broiler breeder hens.
- Author
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Mayer AN, Vieira SL, Berwanger E, Angel CR, Kindlein L, França I, and Noetzold TL
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Diet veterinary, Egg Shell drug effects, Egg Yolk chemistry, Female, Oviposition, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens physiology, Reproduction drug effects, Zinc metabolism
- Abstract
One hundred and twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating their Zn requirements. The study was composed of 3 phases: adaptation to cages (basal diet), depletion (deficient diet containing 18.7 ± 0.47 ppm Zn) for 7 wk, and experimental phases. Hens were fed diets with graded increments of Zn sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), totaling 18.7 ± 0.47, 50.3 ± 10.6, 77.3.0 ± 11.0, 110.2 ± 12.8, 140 ± 12.2, and 170.6 ± 13.2 ppm analyzed Zn in feeds for 12 wk (experimental phase). Requirements of Zn were done using quadratic polynomial (QP), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and exponential asymptotic (EA) models. In general, the non-linear statistical models were the ones that best fit the results in this study. Requirements obtained for hen day egg production and settable egg production were 83.3, 78.6 ppm and 61.4, 65.4 ppm for period of 33 to 36 wk, and 63.3, 53.1 and 60.4, 46.1 ppm for period of 37 to 40 wk, and 62.8, 52.8, and 67.7, 62.1 ppm for period of 41 to 44 wk, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Total eggs and total settable eggs produced per hen had Zn requirements estimated as 75.7, 64.7 ppm, and 56.5, 41.5 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models, whereas for alkaline phosphatase and eggshell percentage were 161.8, 124.9 ppm and 126.1, 122.4 ppm, using QP and BLQ models. Maximum responses for Zn in yolk for periods of 37 to 40 and 41 to 44 wk were 71.0, 78.1 and 64.5, 59.6 ppm, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Breaking strength had Zn requirements estimated at 68.0 and 96.7 ppm, whereas eggshell palisade layer and eggshell thickness were maximized with 67.9, 67.9 ppm, and 67.7, 64.4 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models. The average of all Zn requirement estimates obtained by EA and BLQ models in the present study was 72.28 ppm or 11.1 mg/hen/d., (© 2018 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
42. Copper requirements of broiler breeder hens.
- Author
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Berwanger E, Vieira SL, Angel CR, Kindlein L, Mayer AN, Ebbing MA, and Lopes M
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena drug effects, Animals, Chickens blood, Copper Sulfate administration & dosage, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Egg Shell physiology, Female, Random Allocation, Chickens physiology, Copper Sulfate metabolism, Egg Shell drug effects, Reproduction drug effects
- Abstract
One-hundred-twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating Cu requirements. After being fed a Cu deficient diet for 4 wk, hens were fed diets with graded increments of supplemental Cu (0.0; 3.5; 7.0; 10.5; 14; and 17.5 ppm) from Cu sulfate (CuSO4 5H2O), totaling 2.67; 5.82; 9.38; 12.92; 16.83; and 20.19 ppm analyzed Cu in feeds for 20 weeks. Estimations of Cu requirements were done using exponential asymptotic (EA), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and quadratic polynomial (QP) models. Obtained Cu requirements for hen d egg production and total settable eggs per hen were 6.2, 7.3, and 12.9 ppm and 8.1, 9.0, and 13.4 ppm, respectively, using EA, BLQ, and QP models. The QP model was the only one having a fit for total eggs per hen with 13.1 ppm Cu as a requirement. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum Cu from hens had requirements estimated as 13.9, 11.3, and 18.5, ppm; 14.6, 13.0, and 19.0 ppm; and 16.2, 14.6, and 14.2 ppm, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Hatching chick hemoglobin was not affected by dietary Cu, whereas requirements estimated for hatching chick hematocrit and body weight and length were 10.2, 12.3, and 13.3 ppm using EA, BLQ, and QP models; and 6.8 and 7.1 ppm, and 12.9 and 13.9 ppm Cu using EA and BLQ models, respectively. Maximum responses for egg weight, yolk Cu content, and eggshell membrane thickness were 14.9, 12.7, and 15.1 ppm; 15.0, 16.3, and 15.7 ppm; and 7.3, 7.8, and 14.0 ppm Cu, respectively, for EA, BLQ, and QP models. Yolk and albumen percentage were adjusted only with the QP model and had requirements estimated at 11.0 ppm and 11.3 ppm, respectively, whereas eggshell mammillary layer was maximized with 10.6, 10.1, and 14.4 ppm Cu using EA, BLQ, and QP models, respectively. The average of all Cu requirement estimates obtained in the present study was 12.5 ppm Cu.
- Published
- 2018
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43. Broiler responses to increasing selenium supplementation using Zn-L-selenomethionine with special attention to breast myopathies.
- Author
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Cemin HS, Vieira SL, Stefanello C, Kindlein L, Ferreira TZ, and Fireman AK
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Chickens growth & development, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Male, Muscular Diseases chemically induced, Muscular Diseases epidemiology, Poultry Diseases chemically induced, Random Allocation, Selenium administration & dosage, Selenium metabolism, Selenomethionine administration & dosage, Zinc administration & dosage, Zinc metabolism, Chickens physiology, Muscular Diseases veterinary, Pectoralis Muscles pathology, Poultry Diseases epidemiology, Selenomethionine metabolism
- Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass and breast yields, and the occurrence and severity of white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) myopathies of broilers fed diets supplemented with increasing dietary levels of an organic source of selenium (Zn-L-SeMet). Broilers were fed 6 treatments with 12 replications of 26 birds in a 4-phase feeding program from 1 to 42 days. Corn-soy-based diets were supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 ppm of Zn-L-SeMet. At 42 d, 6 birds were randomly selected from each pen (n = 72) and processed for carcass and breast yields. Breast fillets were scored for WS and WB at 42 days. Increasing Zn-L-SeMet led to quadratic responses (P < 0.05) for FCR from 1 to 7 d, BWG from 22 to 35 d, and for both responses from 8 to 21 d and 36 to 42 d, as well as in the overall period of 42 days. Carcass and breast yields presented a quadratic improvement (P < 0.01) with increasing Zn-L-SeMet supplementation and Se requirements were estimated at 0.85 and 0.86 ppm, respectively. In the overall period, estimates of Se requirements were 0.64 ppm for BWG and 0.67 ppm for FCR. White striping and WB scores presented quadratic increases (P < 0.01), and maximum scores were observed at 0.68 and 0.67 ppm, respectively. Broilers fed diets formulated without Se supplementation had a higher percentage of normal fillets compared to other Se supplementation levels (quadratic, P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing Se supplementation to reach maximum growth performance led to higher degrees of severity of WS and WB. Selenium requirements determined in the present study were significantly higher than the present commercial recommendations.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Estimation of broiler responses to increased dietary methionine hydroxy analogue [DL-2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio) butanoic acid] using linear and nonlinear regression models.
- Author
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Pontin CA, Vieira SL, Stefanello C, Kipper M, Kindlein L, Simões CT, and Gonzalez-Esquerra R
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animals, Chickens growth & development, Diet veterinary, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Linear Models, Male, Methionine administration & dosage, Methionine metabolism, Nonlinear Dynamics, Random Allocation, Regression Analysis, Chickens physiology, Dietary Supplements analysis, Meat analysis, Methionine analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
As the first limiting amino acid in corn-soy broiler diets, methionine (Met) is supplemented using commercial synthetic sources as demanded to obtain economic feed formulations. The Met analogue DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMTBA) is largely utilized with that objective. This study intended to obtain responses of broilers fed with increasing levels of HMTBA, from 28 to 42 d, such that economic returns can be calculated. A total of 2,106 Cobb × Cobb 500 one-day-old male broilers was randomly placed in 81 floor pens (2.7 m2 each). Birds were fed conventional starter (zero to 14 d) and grower (14 to 28 d) diets. Starting at 28 d of age, pens of 26 birds were randomly allocated into 9 feed treatments with 9 replications having increasing supplementations with HMTBA (0.00, 0.07, 0.14, 0.21, 0.28, 0.35, 0.42, 0.49 and 0.56%). These were prepared by mixing different proportions of corn-soy dilution and summit diets, which had the same formulated concentration of nutrients and energy [19.7% CP, 0.90% Ca, 0.45% Av. P, 0.95% digestible Lys, and 3,150 kcal/kg AMEn], with the exception of HMTBA [0.56% in the summit but not supplemented in the corn-soy dilution diet (0.52% digestible TSAA)]]. Growth performance was evaluated until 42 d when carcass yield and commercial cuts were evaluated using 6 birds randomly taken from each pen. Body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), proportion of breast fillets, and abdominal fat were adjusted using linear broken-line, exponential asymptotic and quadratic polynomial regression models (P < 0.05). Estimations of maximum responses for supplemented HMTBA by the linear broken-line model were 0.17% for BWG, 0.14% for FCR, and 0.29% for breast fillets. Using exponential and quadratic regressions, optimized HMTBA supplementations were obtained at 0.34 and 0.35% for BWG, 0.20 and 0.33% for FCR, and 0.31 and 0.36% for breast fillets, respectively. Supplemental levels of HMTBA that optimize growth performance and breast meat in male broilers from 28 to 42 d, using different regression models, varied from 0.14 to 0.36%.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Apparent metabolizable energy of by-products from the soybean oil industry for broilers: acidulated soapstock, glycerin, lecithin, and their mixture.
- Author
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Borsatti L, Vieira SL, Stefanello C, Kindlein L, Oviedo-Rondón EO, and Angel CR
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena drug effects, Animals, Diet veterinary, Food Industry, Male, Random Allocation, Soybean Oil metabolism, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens physiology, Energy Intake, Energy Metabolism, Glycerol metabolism, Lecithins metabolism
- Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the AMEn contents of fat by-products from the soybean oil industry for broiler chickens. A total of 390 slow-feathering Cobb × Cobb 500 male broilers were randomly distributed into 13 treatments having 6 replicates of 5 birds each. Birds were fed a common starter diet from placement to 21 d. Experimental corn-soy diets were composed of four fat sources, added at 3 increasing levels each, and were fed from 21 to 28 d. Fat sources utilized were acidulated soybean soapstock (ASS), glycerol (GLY), lecithin (LEC), and a mixture (MIX) containing 85% ASS, 10% GLY and 5% LEC. A 4 × 3 + 1 factorial arrangement was used with 4 by-products (ASS, GLY, LEC, or MIX), 3 inclusion levels and 1 basal diet. Each of the four fat by-product sources was included in the diets as follow: 2% of by-products (98% basal + 2% by-product), 4% (96% basal + 4% by-product), or 6% (94% basal + 6% by-product). Birds were submitted to 94, 96, 98, and 100% of ad libitum feed intake; therefore, the differences in AMEn consumption were only due to the added by-product. Total excreta were collected twice daily for 72 h to determine apparent metabolizable energy contents starting at 25 d. The AMEn intake was regressed against feed intake and the slope was used to estimate AMEn values for each fat source. Linear regression equations (P < 0.05) estimated for each by-product were as follow: 7,153X - 451.9 for ASS; 3,916X - 68.2 for GLY; 7,051X - 448.3 for LEC, and 8,515X - 622.3 for MIX. Values of AMEn were 7,153, 3,916, 7,051, and 8,515 kcal/kg DM for ASS, GLY, LEC, and MIX, respectively. The present study generated AMEn for fat by-products data that can be used in poultry feed formulation. It also provides indications that, by adding the 3 by-products in the proportions present in the MIX, considerable economic advantage can be attained., (© 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Toxoplasma gondii infection causes structural changes in the jejunum of rats infected with different inoculum doses.
- Author
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Vicentino-Vieira SL, Góis MB, Trevizan AR, de Lima LL, Leatte EP, Nogueira de Melo GA, Garcia JL, Araújo EJA, and Sant'Ana DMG
- Subjects
- Animals, Enterocytes parasitology, Enterocytes pathology, Feces parasitology, Intestinal Mucosa parasitology, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Jejunum parasitology, Leukocyte Count, Male, Myenteric Plexus parasitology, Myenteric Plexus pathology, Neurons parasitology, Neurons pathology, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Toxoplasmosis blood, Toxoplasmosis parasitology, Jejunum pathology, Toxoplasma physiology, Toxoplasmosis pathology
- Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the mucosal tunic and submucosal plexus of the jejunum of rats infected with different inoculum doses of Toxoplasma gondii., Main Methods: Rats were infected with different inoculum doses (50, 500, 1000 and 5000 oocysts) of the T. gondii for 30days, while a control group (CG) received saline solution. Blood and feces were collected before euthanasia for analysis of blood and fecal leukocytes (LEs). Histological analysis of the mucosa, submucosa, villi, crypts and enterocytes were performed. Goblet cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and Paneth cells were quantified. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess enteroendocrine serotonergic (5HT-IR) cells, proliferative cells (PCNA
+ ) and mast cells. Whole mounts were obtained to determine the total submucosal neurons by Giemsa staining and metabolically active neurons (NADH-d+ ), nitrergic neurons (NADPH-d+ ) and glial cells (S100)., Key Findings: An increase in blood LEs was observed 30days post-infection (dpi). Fecal LEs were more abundant in the feces in all infected groups at 21 dpi when compared to the CG. The number of IELs, sulfomucin-producing goblet cells, Paneth cells, PCNA+ cells and mast cells increased, whereas the number of 5HT-IR cells decreased. The jejunal architecture was altered, with atrophy of the mucosa, submucosa, villi and crypts. The number of total submucosal neurons decreased, but the NADPH-d+ subpopulation increased., Significance: The results show how chronic toxoplasmic infection affects the tissue and cellular composition of the rat jejunum. These structural changes tend to intensify with the inoculum dose, demonstrating the importance of the parasitic load on intestinal alterations., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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47. Histomorphometric study of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle and evaluation of enzymatic markers of broilers affected with dorsal cranial myopathy.
- Author
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Sesterhenn R, Siqueira FM, Hamerski AC, Driemeier D, Valle SF, Vieira SL, Kindlein L, and Nascimento VP
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Male, Muscular Diseases pathology, Muscular Diseases physiopathology, Poultry Diseases physiopathology, Chickens, Enzymes blood, Muscular Diseases veterinary, Poultry Diseases pathology, Superficial Back Muscles pathology
- Abstract
Dorsal cranial myopathy (DCM), which affects the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscles of commercial broilers, is of unknown etiology, and it represents up to 6% of the partial condemnations in Brazilian slaughterhouses. This study was performed to achieve histomorphometric characterizations of the ALD muscles from male Cobb 500 broilers slaughtered at either 35 d or 42 d and to evaluate the effects of DCM on the enzymatic markers aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and on uric acid and creatinine metabolites. Blood samples (1.5 to 3 mL) and ALD muscle fragments were collected from each carcass, all of which were processed in a commercial inline processing system. For each age, twelve macroscopically normal animals and twelve animals found to exhibit DCM were randomly selected for histomorphometric evaluation and analysis of serologic profiles. Microscopic evaluations demonstrated that the muscle fibers of those with DCM exhibited a strong presence of multifocal regenerative myodegeneration as well as a substitution of muscle tissue with connective tissue (P < 0.001) through fibrosis, thus characterizing the chronicity and hardness of the affected muscle. It is suggested that DCM is a localized muscle lesion because the detected serum levels of CK (P < 0.001), AST (P < 0.001), ALT (P = 0.01), and LDH (P < 0.001) enzymes were strongly associated with the group affected by DCM. Additional studies are needed to gain an understanding of this myopathy because it is an emerging problem in the poultry industry. In addition, it is related to DCM lesions in fast-growing broilers with the greatest slaughter weights., (© 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Iron requirements of broiler breeder hens.
- Author
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Taschetto D, Vieira SL, Angel CR, Stefanello C, Kindlein L, Ebbing MA, and Simões CT
- Subjects
- Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Animals, Animals, Newborn physiology, Diet veterinary, Female, Iron blood, Animal Feed analysis, Chickens physiology, Egg Yolk chemistry, Iron metabolism, Reproduction
- Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate Fe requirements of broiler breeders. One-hundred-fifty-six Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens were individually placed in electrostatically painted cages at 22 weeks. The study was composed of an adaptation phase, in which hens were fed corn-soy-wheat bran diets until 35 wks. An Fe deficient mash diet (24.6 ppm Fe) was provided from 35 to 46 wk in order to induce a partial body Fe depletion. A production phase followed from 47 to 70 wk when hens were fed 6 diets with increasing Fe sulfate supplementation, which, upon analyses had 24.6, 48.6, 74.3, 99.6, 125.6, and 148.2 ppm Fe. Thirty hatching eggs from each treatment were randomly collected in the last wk of each production period and incubated. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were analyzed from 6 hens as well as all hatched chicks per treatment. Analyses of production and hatching data were conducted using quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line (BL), and exponential asymptotic (EA) models. Effects of dietary Fe were observed for total eggs and total hatching eggs, egg yolk Fe content, and hen and chick hematocrit and hemoglobin (P < 0.05). These responses to added Fe were optimized when dietary Fe were 96.8, 97.1, 130.6, 122.6, 120.0, and 125.0 ppm (QP) and 76.4, 89.3, 135.0, 128.4, 133.8, and 95.0 ppm (BL) for total hatching eggs, egg yolk Fe content, and hen and chick hematocrit and hemoglobin, respectively. Optimization with the EA model was obtained for total hatching eggs, egg yolk Fe, and hen and chick hemoglobin at 97.9, 111.0, 77.9, and 96.3 ppm Fe for total hatching eggs, egg yolk Fe, and hen and chick hemoglobin, respectively. Adequate Fe levels are needed to maintain egg production as well as hatching chicks' indexes. Fe concentration in the yolk and diet are positively influenced. The average of all Fe requirement estimates obtained in the present study was 106 ppm total Fe, whereas averaged values for BL, QP, and EA models were 107, 113, and 97 ppm Fe, respectively., (© 2017 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Digestible lysine requirements of male broilers from 1 to 42 days of age reassessed.
- Author
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Cemin HS, Vieira SL, Stefanello C, Kipper M, Kindlein L, and Helmbrecht A
- Subjects
- Animal Feed, Animals, Chickens physiology, Female, Male, Models, Biological, Time Factors, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Chickens growth & development, Lysine metabolism, Nutritional Requirements
- Abstract
Three experiments were conducted separately to estimate the digestible Lys (dig. Lys) requirements of Cobb × Cobb 500 male broilers using different statistical models. For each experiment, 1,200 chicks were housed in 48 floor pens in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 8 replicates. Broilers were fed diets with increasing dig. Lys levels from 1 to 12 d (Exp. 1), from 12 to 28 d (Exp. 2), and 28 to 42 d (Exp. 3). Increasing dig. Lys levels were equally spaced from 0.97 to 1.37% in Exp. 1, 0.77 to 1.17% in Exp. 2, and 0.68 to 1.07% in Exp. 3. The lowest dig. Lys diets were not supplemented with L-Lysine and all other essential AA met or exceeded recommendations. In Exp. 3, six birds per pen were randomly selected from each replication to evaluate carcass and breast yields. Digestible Lys requirements were estimated by quadratic polynomial (QP), linear broken-line (LBL), quadratic broken-line (QBL), and exponential asymptotic (EA) models. Overall, dig. Lys requirements varied among response variables and statistical models. Increasing dietary dig. Lys had a positive effect on BW, carcass and breast yields. Levels of dig. Lys that optimized performance using QP, LBL, QBL, and EA models were 1.207, 1.036, 1.113, and 1.204% for BWG and 1.190, 1.027, 1.100, and 1.172% for FCR in Exp. 1; 1.019, 0.853, 0.944; 1.025% for BWG and 1.050, 0.879, 1.032, and 1.167% for FCR in Exp. 2; and 0.960, 0.835, 0.933, and 1.077% for BWG, 0.981, 0.857, 0.963, and 1.146% for FCR in Exp. 3. The QP, LBL, QBL, and EA also estimated dig. Lys requirements as 0.941, 0.846, 0.925, and 1.070% for breast meat yield in Exp. 3. In conclusion, Lys requirements vary greatly according to the statistical analysis utilized; therefore, the origin of requirement estimation must be taken into account in order to allow adequate comparisons between references.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Occurrence of white striping and wooden breast in broilers fed grower and finisher diets with increasing lysine levels.
- Author
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Cruz RF, Vieira SL, Kindlein L, Kipper M, Cemin HS, and Rauber SM
- Subjects
- Animal Feed analysis, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena drug effects, Animals, Chickens growth & development, Diet veterinary, Dietary Supplements analysis, Lysine administration & dosage, Male, Pectoralis Muscles drug effects, Random Allocation, Chickens physiology, Lysine adverse effects, Meat analysis, Pectoralis Muscles pathology
- Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the prevalence and severity of white striping (WS) and wooden breast (WB) in breast fillets from broilers fed diets with increasing digestible Lysine (dLys) from 12 to 28 d (Exp. 1) and from 28 to 42 d (Exp. 2). Trials were sequentially conducted using one-d-old male, slow-feathering Cobb 500 × Cobb broilers, both with 6 treatments and 8 replicates. Increasing dLys levels were equally spaced from 0.77 to 1.17% in Exp. 1 and from 0.68 to 1.07% in Exp. 2. The lowest dLys diet was not supplemented with L-Lysine (L-Lys) in either one of the studies and all other essential amino acid (AA) met or exceeded current commercial recommendations such that their dietary concentrations did not limit broiler growth. Four birds per pen were randomly selected from each replication and processed at 35 and 42 d in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively. Deboned breast fillets (Pectoralis major) were submitted to a 3 subject panel evaluation to detect the presence of WS and WB, as well as to provide scores of WS (0-normal, 1-moderate, 2-severe) and WB (0-normal, 1-moderate light, 2-moderate, 3-severe). Increasing the level of dLys had a positive effect on BW, carcass, and breast weight, as well as breast yield. White striping and WB prevalences were 32.3 and 85.9% in Exp. 1 and 87.1 and 89.2% in Exp. 2. Birds fed diets not supplemented with L-Lys had the lowest average WS and WB scores (0.22 and 0.78 in Exp. 1 and 0.61 and 0.68 in Exp. 2). White striping and WB presented linear responses to performance variables in Exp. 1, whereas quadratic responses were observed for all variables in Exp. 2. In conclusion, increasing the level of dLys improved growth performance and carcass traits as well as induced the occurrence and severity of WS and WB lesions., (© 2016 Poultry Science Association Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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